Space Exploration Vehicle
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Design of a Human Settlement on Mars Using In-Situ Resources
46th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2016-151 10-14 July 2016, Vienna, Austria Design of a Human Settlement on Mars Using In-Situ Resources Marlies Arnhof1 Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria Mars provides plenty of raw materials needed to establish a lasting, self-sufficient human colony on its surface. Due to the planet's vast distance from Earth, it is neither possible nor economically reasonable to provide permanent, interplanetary supply. In-situ resource utilization (ISRU) will be necessary to keep the Earth launch burden and mission costs as low as possible, and to provide – apart from propellant and life support – a variety of construction material. However, to include outposts on other planets into the scope of human spaceflight also opens up new psychological and sociological challenges. Crews will live in extreme environments under isolated and confined conditions for much longer periods of time than ever before. Therefore, the design of a Mars habitat requires most careful consideration of physiological as well as psychosocial conditions of living in space. In this design for a Martian settlement, the author proposes that – following preliminary automated exploration – a basic surface base brought from Earth would be set up. Bags of unprocessed Martian regolith would be used to provide additional shielding for the habitat. Once the viability of the base and its production facilities are secured, the settlement would be expanded, using planetary resources. Martian concrete – processed regolith with a polymeric binder – would be used as main in-situ construction material. To provide optimum living and working conditions, the base would respond to the environment and the residents' number and needs, thereby evolving and growing continuously. -
Suitport Feasibility - Development and Test of a Suitport and Space Suit for Human Pressurized Space Suit Donning Tests
Suitport Feasibility - Development and Test of a Suitport and Space Suit for Human Pressurized Space Suit Donning Tests Robert M. Boyle1, Kathryn Mitchell2, Charles Allton3, Hsing Ju4 Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Houston, Texas 77058 E-Mail: [email protected]; Phone: 281.483.5349 The suitport concept has been recently implemented as part of the small pressurized lunar rover (Currently the Space Exploration vehicle, or SEV) and the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) concept demonstrator vehicle. Suitport replaces or augments the traditional airlock function of a spacecraft by providing a bulkhead opening, capture mechanism, and sealing system to allow ingress and egress of a space suit while the space suit remains outside of the pressurized volume of the spacecraft. This presents significant new opportunities to EVA exploration in both microgravity and surface environments. The suitport concept will enable three main improvements in EVA by providing reductions in: pre-EVA time from hours to less than thirty minutes; airlock consumables; contamination returned to the cabin with the EVA crewmember. To date, the first generation suitport has been tested with mockup suits on the rover cabins and pressurized on a bench top engineering unit. The work on the rover cabin has helped define the operational concepts and timelines, and has demonstrated the potential of suitport to save significant amounts of crew time before and after EVAs. The work with the engineering unit has successfully demonstrated the pressurizable seal concept including the ability to seal after the introduction and removal of contamination to the sealing surfaces. -
Dust Mitigation Gap Assessment Report
DUST MITIGATION GAP ASSESSMENT REPORT Feb 9, 2016 International Agency Working Group “I think dust is probably one of our greatest inhibitors to a nominal operation on the Moon. I think we can overcome other physiological or physical or mechanical problems except dust.” Gene Cernan, Apollo 17 Technical Debrief “Dust is still a principal limiting factor in returning to the lunar surface for missions of any extended duration. However, viable technology solutions have been identified, but need maturation to be available to support both lunar and Mars missions.” Dust Mitigation Gap Assessment Team, Final Report DUST MITIGATION GAP ASSESSMENT REPORT WORKING GROUP MEMBERSHIP ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) Raffaele Mugnuolo Simone Pirrotta CSA (Canadian Space Agency) Mireille Bedirian Daniel Lefebvre Martin Picard Taryn Tomlinson Michel Wander (Co-Chair) ESA (European Space Agency) Henry Wong JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Satoshi Hosoda Sachiko Wakabayashi Hiroshi Ueno NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Phil Abel Juan Agui Jesse Buffington Carlos Calle James (Jim) Gaier Natalie Mary Drew Smith Sharon Straka Scott Vangen (Chair) Page 2 DUST MITIGATION GAP ASSESSMENT REPORT DUST MITIGATION GAP ASSESSMENT REPORT INTERNATIONAL AGENCY WORKING GROUP Table of Contents 1. Objectives and Approach 1.1. TWG and SME Objectives for Gap Assessment Team 1.2. Gap Assessment Approach (Tasks) 1.3. Executive Summary of Key Findings 2. Dust Mitigation Challenges 2.1. Life Support Systems 2.2. EVA Systems 2.3. Mobility Systems 2.4. Human Health and Performance 2.5. Systems 2.6. Ascent/Descent Vehicles 2.7. In Situ Resource Utilization 3. Dust Mitigation Solutions 3.1. Active Technologies 3.2. -
AIAA-95-1 062 the Suitport's Progress M. Cohen NASA Ames Research
NASA-TM-111836 /t/ .' I I AIAA-95-1 062 The Suitport's Progress M. Cohen NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA Life Sciences and Space Medicine Conference April 3-5, 1995 / Houston, TX For permission to copy or republish, contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 370 L'Enfant Promenade, SOW., Washington, D.C. 20024 AIAA-95-106; THE SUITPORT'S PROGRESS Marc M. Cohen* NASA-Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California Abstract Origins of the Suitport NASA-Ames Research Center developed The Suitport Extravehicular Access Facility the Suitport as an advanced space suit originated during the early phase of the airlock to support a Space Station suit, Space Station Advanced Development based on the AX-5 hard suit. Several third Program. It grew from a recognition that the parties proposed their own variations the construction and operation of Space Station Suitport on the moon and Mars. The Freedom (SSF) would require several Suitport recently found its first practical use thousand hours of EVA time (This finding as a terrestrial application in the NASA- has not changed much for the new design Ames Hazmat vehicle for the clean-up of for "Space Station Alpha." To make the best hazardous and toxic materials. In the Hazmat use of SSF crew time, it will become application, the Suitport offers substantial necessary to make the entire space suit improvements over conventional hazard donning and doffing, and airlock suits, by eliminating the necessicty to egress/ingress as safe, rapid, and efficient decontaminate before doffing the suit. as possible. Definitions The Space Shuttle EMU suit and airlock AX-5 Ames Experimental Suit 5 systems pose several potential CCPS Command/Control Pressure Suit disadvantages for frequent and routine EMU Extra-Vehicular Mobility Unit Space Station operations. -
Z-1 Prototype Space Suit Testing Summary
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20130011564 2019-08-31T00:40:26+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server Z-1 Prototype Space Suit Testing Summary Amy Ross1 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 77058 The Advanced Space Suit team of the NASA-Johnson Space Center performed a series of test with the Z-1 prototype space suit in 2012. This paper discusses, at a summary level, the tests performed and results from those tests. The purpose of the tests were two-fold: 1) characterize the suit performance so that the data could be used in the downselection of components for the Z-2 Space Suit and 2) develop interfaces with the suitport and exploration vehicles through pressurized suit evaluations. Tests performed included isolated and functional range of motion data capture, Z-1 waist and hip testing, joint torque testing, CO2 washout testing, fit checks and subject familiarizations, an exploration vehicle aft deck and suitport controls interface evaluation, delta pressure suitport tests including pressurized suit don and doff, and gross mobility and suitport ingress and egress demonstrations in reduced gravity. Lessons learned specific to the Z-1 prototype and to suit testing techniques will be presented. Nomenclature A = amplitude of oscillation a = cylinder diameter [To be completed] I. Introduction A principal role of the Johnson Space Center advanced space suit pressure garment team, herein referred to as “suit team”, is to characterize space suit pressure garment components and full suit architectures. Each mobility joint system and full suit architecture has different capabilities and limitations. -
Benefits of a Single-Person Spacecraft for Weightless Operations (Stop Walking and Start Flying)
42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems AIAA 2012-3630 15 - 19 July 2012, San Diego, California Benefits of a Single-Person Spacecraft for Weightless Operations (Stop Walking and Start Flying) Brand N. Griffin1 Gray Research, Engineering, Science, and Technical Services Contract, 655 Discovery Drive Ste. 300, Huntsville, AL 35806 U.S.A Historically, less than 20 percent of crew time related to extravehicular activity (EVA) is spent on productive external work. For planetary operations space suits are still the logical choice; however, for safe and rapid access to the weightless environment, spacecraft offer compelling advantages. FlexCraft, a concept for a single-person spacecraft, enables any- time access to space for short or long excursions by different astronauts. For the International Space Station (ISS), going outside is time-consuming, requiring pre-breathing, donning a fitted space suit, and pumping down an airlock. For each ISS EVA this is between 12.5 and 16 hours. FlexCraft provides immediate access to space because it operates with the same cabin atmosphere as its host. Furthermore, compared to the space suit pure oxygen environment, a mixed gas atmosphere lowers the fire risk and allows use of conventional materials and systems. For getting to the worksite, integral propulsion replaces hand-over- hand translation or having another crew member operate the robotic arm. This means less physical exertion and more time at the work site. Possibly more important, in case of an emergency, FlexCraft can return from the most distant point on ISS in less than a minute. The one-size-fits-all FlexCraft means no on-orbit inventory of parts or crew time required to fit all astronauts. -
Human Spaceflight: Phobos Base
2017 AIAA Student Design Competition HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT: PHOBOS BASE Timothy Bishop Victor Kitmanyen Thomas Lagarde Zachary Taylor Faculty Advisor: Olga Bannova, Ph.D. Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston Houston, Texas, USA ~ 2 ~ Copyright © 2017 by Timothy Bishop, Victor Kitmanyen, Thomas Lagarde & Zachary Taylor. All Rights Reserved. Published with express permission, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ~ 3 ~ Signature Page Timothy Bishop Project Manager AIAA #: 677333 Victor Kitmanyen Microgravity Countermeasures Architect AIAA #: 819885 Zachary Taylor Space Architect AIAA #: 819283 Thomas Lagarde RECLSS Architect AIAA #: 819864 Dr. Olga Bannova Faculty & Project Advisor Copyright © 2017 by Timothy Bishop, Victor Kitmanyen, Thomas Lagarde & Zachary Taylor. All Rights Reserved. Published with express permission, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ~ 4 ~ Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 ACRONYMS _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 1.0 ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________________________ 9 2.0 PROJECT INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________________ 10 3.0 REQUIREMENTS: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ____________________________________ 11 3.1 SITE ___________________________________________________________________________________ -
Charting the Course for Sustainable Human Space Exploration Table of Contents
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Voyages Charting the Course for Sustainable Human Space Exploration Table of Contents Executive Summary: Charting the Course 2 NASA Vision Why We Explore 4 Reach for How We Explore: A Capability-Driven Approach 6 new heights and reveal The International Space Station: Cornerstone the unknown, of Human Space Exploration 8 so that what we do and learn Destination: Cis-Lunar Space 10 will benefit all Destination: Near-Earth Asteroid 12 humankind. Destination: Moon 14 Destination: Mars 16 NASA Mission Capabilities: Foundations of Human Space Exploration 18 Drive advances Transportation Capabilities 20 in science, technology, Capabilities for Mission Operations 24 and exploration to enhance Habitation and Destination Capabilities 26 knowledge, Conclusion: Firsts from LEO to Mars 32 education, innovation, Acknowledgements 34 economic vitality, and stewardship of Earth. 1 Executive Summary: Charting the Course This report articulates NASA’s multi-destination human space exploration strategy using a capability-driven approach NASA is ensuring that the United States fosters a safe, robust, affordable, sustainable, and flexible space program by developing a set of core evolving capabilities instead of specialized, destination-specific hardware These core capabilities allow NASA the flexibility to conduct increasingly complex missions to a range of destinations over time By expanding human presence throughout the solar system, we increase our scientific knowledge, enable technological and economic growth, -
Eva-Exp-0031 Baseline
EVA-EXP-0031 BASELINE National Aeronautics and EFFECTIVE DATE: 04/18/2018 Space Administration EVA OFFICE EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA) AIRLOCKS AND ALTERNATIVE INGRESS/EGRESS METHODS DOCUMENT The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 2 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document REVISION AND HISTORY PAGE Revision Change Description Release No. No. Date EVA-EXP-0031 Baseline Baseline per CR# EVA-CR-00031 04/18/2018 Document dated 03/07/2018 submitted and approved through DAA process/DAA # TN54054 approved April 9, 2018 EVA-REF-001 DAA Pre Baseline 03/12/2015 33134 Draft EVA-RD-002 05/14/2015 SAA 12/15/2015 DRAFT The electronic version is the official approved document. ECCN Notice: This document does not contain export controlled technical data. Revision: Baseline Document No: EVA-EXP-0031 Release Date: 04/18/2018 Page: 3 of 143 Title: EVA Airlocks and Alternative Ingress Egress Methods Document Executive Summary This document captures the currently perceived vehicle and EVA trades with high level definition of the capabilities and interfaces associated with performing an Extravehicular Activity (EVA) using an exploration EVA system and ingress/egress methods during future missions. Human spaceflight missions to Cislunar space, Mars transit, the moons of Mars (Phobos and Deimos), the Lunar surface, and the surface of Mars will include both microgravity and partial-gravity EVAs, and potential vehicles with which an exploration EVA system will need to interface. -
Technical Support Package
Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035 Technical Support Package Airlocks for Pressurized Rovers NASA Tech Briefs ARC-14557 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Technical Support Package for AIRLOCKS FOR PRESSURIZED ROVERS ARC-14557 NASA Tech Briefs The information in this Technical Support Package comprises the documentation referenced in ARC-14557 of NASA Tech Briefs. It is provided under the Commercial Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to make available the results of aerospace-related developments considered to have wider technological, scientific, or commercial applications. Further assistance is available from sources listed in NASA Tech Briefs on the page entitled “NASA Commercial Technology Team.” Additional information regarding research and technology in this general area may be found in a variety of publications available from the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office. You can access the STI Program Office via http://www.sti.nasa.gov or as follows: NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Telephone: (301) 621-0390, Fax: (301) 621-0134, E-mail: [email protected] NOTICE: This document was prepared under the sponsorship of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Neither the United States Government nor any person acting on behalf of the United States Government assumes any liability resulting from the use of the information contained in this document or warrants that such use will be free from privately owned rights. If trade names or manufacturers’ names are used in this report, it is for identification only. This usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. -
Terrapin Undergraduate Rover for Terrestrial Lunar Exploration
Project TURTLE: Terrapin Undergraduate Rover for Terrestrial Lunar Exploration University of Maryland RASC-AL Presentation June 9-11, 2008 Team TURTLE Avionics Crew Systems Mission Planning and • Andrew Ellsberry •James Briscoe Analysis • Michael Levashov • Sara Fields •David Berg • Joseph Lisee* •AliHusain • Hasan Oberoi • Jacob Zwillinger • Jason Laing* •May Lam •AdamMirvis • Ryan Murphy Loads, Structures, and • Tiffany Russell • Matt Schaffer Mechanisms • Enrique Coello Power, Propulsion, and Systems Integration •Aaron Cox Thermal • Joshua Colver • Stuart Douglas • Jason Leggett •DavidGers •Ryan Levin • Aleksandar Nacev* • Madeline Kirk* • David McLaren* • Ugonma Onukwubiri •Thomas Mariano • Jessica Mayerovitch •StephaniePetillo • Kanwarpal Chandhok •Brian McCall • Ali-Reza Shishineh • Omar Manning • Zohaib Hasnain * RASC-AL Presenters June 9-11, 2008 University of Maryland 2 Project TURTLE Program Rationale • Lunar exploration will become the focus of NASA's future human space program - Constellation Program • Focus mainly on lunar outpost and infrastructure development • Requires dedicated lander-based sortie missions for exploration beyond immediate region of outpost site • System payload constraints limit additional payload for extended range rovers • Project concept: develop a light-weight pressurized rover capable of independent launch and delivery using existing EELVs to augment exploration and science goals of Constellation sortie missions June 9-11, 2008 University of Maryland 3 Project TURTLE TURTLE Project Goals • Design -
Extravehicular Activity Framework for Exploration - 2019
49th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2019-021 7-11 July 2019, Boston, Massachusetts Extravehicular Activity Framework for Exploration - 2019 Brian K. Alpert1 and Brian J. Johnson2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 77058 The Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Framework for Exploration describes NASA’s EVA System Goals in the broader context of ongoing human spaceflight efforts. The purpose of this document is to drive integration, coordination and communication of the EVA community’s exploration development plans as crafted to meet long-term EVA needs. Inclusive in the EVA community are NASA partners in academia and industry. The 2019 EVA Framework outlines the office’s current method to answer the following questions: What product does NASA use to compare, contrast and integrate across the elements of the EVA community’s perceived gaps, risks, and unfunded work, particularly for future systems intended for use beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO)? What product does NASA use to proactively coordinate support across the EVA community’s wide spectrum of exploration development work? Where can one go to obtain awareness of ongoing efforts, particularly during consideration of new-start activities and proposals? These questions lead to the need for a product that speaks to the distributed nature of the EVA System across human spaceflight programs, concept studies and flight vehicle architectural elements. This framework can be used and evaluated by the EVA community to assess the full spectrum of needs and answer the question of “what are we missing” or “are we doing things that just do not make sense”. In the end is the EVA community effectively pursuing the future needs of EVA? If answers to those questions reveal the need for change or re-prioritization then actions can be taken through existing project control processes as well as revision to this document and supporting project plans.