关岛 GUAM 目录 Catalogue 02 关岛速览 / 特别推荐
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Visual/Media Arts
A R T I S T D I R E C T O R Y ARTIST DIRECTORY (Updated as of August 2021) md The Guam Council on the Arts and Humanities Agency (GCAHA) has produced this Artist Directory as a resource for students, the community, and our constituents. This Directory contains names, contact numbers, email addresses, and mailing or home address of Artists on island and the various disciplines they represent. If you are interested in being included in the directory, please call our office at 300-1204~8/ 7583/ 7584, or visit our website (www.guamcaha.org) to download the Artist Directory Registration Form. TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCIPLINE PAGE NUMBER FOLK/ TRADITIONAL ARTS 03 - 17 VISUAL/ MEDIA ARTS 18 - 78 PERFORMING ARTS 79 - 89 LITERATURE/ HUMANITIES 90 - 96 ART RELATED ORGANIZATIONS 97 – 100 MASTER’S 101 - 103 2 FOLK/ TRADITIONAL ARTS Folk Arts enriches the lives of the Guam community, gives recognition to the indigenous and ethnic artists and their art forms and to promote a greater understanding of Guam’s native and multi-ethnic community. Ronald Acfalle “ Halu’u” P.O. BOX 9771 Tamuning, Guam 96931 [email protected] 671-689-8277 Builder and apprentice of ancient Chamorro (seafaring) sailing canoes, traditional homes and chanter. James Bamba P.O. BOX 26039 Barrigada, Guam 96921 [email protected] 671-488-5618 Traditional/ Contemporary CHamoru weaver specializing in akgak (pandanus) and laagan niyok (coconut) weaving. I can weave guagua’ che’op, ala, lottot, guaha, tuhong, guafak, higai, kostat tengguang, kustat mama’on, etc. Arisa Terlaje Barcinas P.O.BOX 864 Hagatna, Guam 96932 671-488-2782, 671-472-8896 [email protected] Coconut frond weaving in traditional and contemporary styles. -
Bus Schedule Carmel Catholic School Agat and Santa Rita Area to Mount Bus No.: B-39 Driver: Salas, Vincent R
BUS SchoolSCHEDULE Year 2020 - 2021 Dispatcher Bus Operations - 646-3122 | Superintendent Franklin F. Tait ano - 646-3208 | Assistant Superintendent Daniel B. Quintanilla - 647-5025 THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, BUS OPERATIONS REQUIRES ALL STUDENTS TO WEAR A MASK PRIOR TO BOARDING THE BUS. THERE WILL BE ONE CHILD PER SEAT FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING. PLEASE ANTICIPATE DELAYS IN PICK UP AND DROP OFF AT DESIGNATED BUS SHELTERS. THANK YOU. TENJO VISTA AND SANTA RITA AREAS TO O/C-30 Hanks 5:46 2:29 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL O/C-29 Oceanview Drive 5:44 2:30 A-2 Tenjo Vista Entrance 7:30 4:01 O/C-28 Nimitz Hill Annex 5:40 2:33 A-3 Tenjo Vista Lower 7:31 4:00 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:15 1:50 AGAT A-5 Perez #1 7:35 3:56 PAGACHAO AREA TO MARCIAL SABLAN DRIVER: AGUON, DAVID F. A-14 Lizama Station 7:37 3:54 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (A.M. ONLY) BUS NO.: B-123 A-15 Borja Station 7:38 3:53 SANTA ANA AREAS TO SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL A-38 Pagachao Upper 7:00 A-16 Naval Magazine 7:39 3:52 MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 7:10 STATION LOCATION NAME PICK UP DROP OFF A-17 Sgt. Cruz 7:40 3:51 A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 5:50 2:19 A-18 M & R Store 7:41 3:50 PAGACHAO AREA TO OCEANVIEW MIDDLE A-43 Cruz #2 5:52 2:17 SCHOOL A-42 San Nicolas 5:54 2:15 A-19 Annex 7:42 3:49 A-41 Quidachay 5:56 2:12 A-20 Rapolla Station 7:43 3:48 A-46 Round Table 7:15 3:45 A-40 Santa Ana 5:57 2:11 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL 7:50 3:30 A-38 Pagachao Upper 7:22 3:53 A-39 Last Stop 5:59 2:10 A-37 Pagachao Lower 7:25 3:50 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:11 1:50 HARRY S. -
Download This Volume
Photograph by Carim Yanoria Nåna by Kisha Borja-Quichocho Like the tåsa and haligi of the ancient Chamoru latte stone so, too, does your body maintain the shape of the healthy Chamoru woman. With those full-figured hips features delivered through natural birth for generations and with those powerful arms reaching for the past calling on our mañaina you have remained strong throughout the years continuously inspire me to live my culture allow me to grow into a young Chamoru woman myself. Through you I have witnessed the persistence and endurance of my ancestors who never failed in constructing a latte. I gima` taotao mo`na the house of the ancient people. Hågu i acho` latte-ku. You are my latte stone. The latte stone (acho` latte) was once the foundation of Chamoru homes in the Mariana Islands. It was carved out of limestone or basalt and varied in size, measuring between three and sixteen feet in height. It contained two parts, the tasa (a cup-like shape, the top portion of the latte) and the haligi (the bottom pillar) and were organized into two rows, with three to seven latte stones per row. Today, several latte stones still stand, and there are also many remnants of them throughout the Marianas. Though Chamorus no longer use latte stones as the foundations of their homes, the latte symbolize the strength of the Chamorus and their culture as well as their resiliency in times of change. Micronesian Educator Editor: Unaisi Nabobo-Baba Special Edition Guest Editors: Michael Lujan Bevacqua Victoria Lola Leon Guerrero Editorial Board: Donald Rubinstein Christopher Schreiner Editorial Assistants: Matthew Raymundo Carim Yanoria Design and Layout: Pascual Olivares ISSN 1061-088x Published by: The School of Education, University of Guam UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923 Contents Guest Editor’s Introduction ............................................................................................................... -
Department of Public Works Division of Bus Operations Pupil Transportation Bus Schedule School Year 2017-2018
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF BUS OPERATIONS PUPIL TRANSPORTATION BUS SCHEDULE SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018 DRIVER: AGUON, DAVID F. BUS NO. B-123 SUPERVISOR: TAIJERON, RICKY U. SUBSTATION: AGAT MORNING AFTERNOON STUDENT S T A T I O N S PICK-UP DROP-OFF COUNT MILEAGE AGAT SUBSTATION SANTA ANA AREAS TO SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL STATION LOCATION NAME A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 5:50 2:19 A-43 Cruz #2 5:52 2:17 A-42 San Nicolas 5:54 2:15 A-41 Quidachay 5:56 2:12 A-40 Santa Ana 5:57 2:11 A-39 Last Stop 5:59 2:10 SOUTHERN HIGH SCHOOL 6:11 1:50 SANTA ANA AREAS TO MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 7:02 3:03 A-43 Cruz #2 7:00 3:02 A-42 San Nicolas 7:04 3:00 A-41 Quidachay 7:07 2:57 A-40 Santa Ana 7:09 2:53 A-39 Last Stop 7:11 MARCIAL SABLAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 7:15 2:40 SANTA ANA AREAS TO OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL A-44 Tracking Station Entrance 7:22 3:57 A-43 Cruz #2 7:20 3:55 A-42 San Nicolas 7:24 3:53 A-41 Quidachay 7:26 3:51 A-40 Santa Ana 7:28 3:49 A-39 Last Stop 7:30 3:47 OCEANVIEW MIDDLE SCHOOL 7:35 3:30 A-1 1 OF 1 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS DIVISION OF BUS OPERATIONS PUPIL TRANSPORTATION BUS SCHEDULE SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018 DRIVER: BORJA, GARY P. -
Teachers Guide.Pages
I HINANAO-TA NU I MANAOTAO TÅNO’-I CHAMORU SIHA The Journey of the CHamoru People The Guam Museum’s Permanent Exhibition Teacher’s Guide Produced by Guampedia I HINANAO-TA NU I MANAOTAO TÅNO’-I CHAMORU SIHA The Journey of the CHamoru People The Guam Museum’s Permanent Exhibition Teacher’s Guide Note to readers: Underlined words in this document are links to entries in guampedia.com and other online resources. Guam Museum Permanent Exhibition Overview History of the Guam Museum The Guam Museum, officially called the Senator Antonio M. Palomo Guam and CHamoru Educational Facility, is the first structure built for the sole purpose of housing and displaying Guam’s precious historic treasures. The Guam Museum reflects the diversity, creativity, and resilience of the people of Guam and the Mariana Islands. The permanent exhibition is the story of the CHamoru people, told from a CHamoru perspective. It is hoped to encourage people to engage in dialogue, to share perspectives and experiences and debate issues that concern us all today. I Hale’ta: Mona yan Tatte: 90 Years in the Making The earliest printed record of people making plans for a new museum dates back to 1926. The Guam Teachers Association, led by Ramon M. Sablan, a teacher best known as the author of the “Guam Hymn,” asked residents and friends of Guam to start collecting their antiques and other artifacts for a museum that would protect their history and CHamoru culture. The editor of the Guam Recorder, one of the earliest publications printed and circulated on Guam, also called for the opening of a museum. -
Living the Guam Brand Day 1
Guam Visitors Bureau Conference Naʼlåʼlaʼ i Kostumbren Guåhan Ta Naʼfandanñaʼ i Bisitå-ta yan i Kotturå-ta Living the Guam Brand Bringing together our culture and our visitors April 7 - 8, 2011 Hyatt Regency, Tumon Guam Setbison Bisitan Guåhan, CHaCO Guam Visitors Bureau, CHaCO and funding for this e-publication provided by Inangokkon Inadahi Guahan Guam Preservation Trust Table of Contents Na"lå"la" i Kostumbren Guåhan | Living the Guam Brand Ta Na"fandanña" i Bisitå-ta yan i Kotturå-ta | Bringing together our culture and our visitors Day One – Diha 7 gi Abrit 2011 | April 7, 2011 ! 1! Mensåhen Finatto! Unuråpble Eddie Baza Calvo, Governor of Guam !! Welcome Remarks! Honorable Eddie Baza Calvo, Maga"låhen Guåhan ! 5! Hestoria Put i Kostumbre! Gerald S. A. Perez, Consultant, GVB !! History of the Brand! Konsuttånte, Setbision Bisitan Guåhan ! 15! Inadilånton Kostumbre|Binisita ! Rhonda Brauer, Director, !! Put Kotturagi Pumalu na Lugåt siha! Burson Marstellar !! Developing the Brand/Cultural! Direktoran Minaneha, Burson Marstellar !! Tourism in other Destinations ! 21! I pao Guåhan! Sinadora Tina Muña Barnes !! The Guam Essence! Mina"trentai unu na Liheslaturan Guåhan !! Guaha Kottura?! Senator, 31st Guam Legislature !! Got Culture! ! 25! Inembråsian Kostumbren Guåhan-! Judy Flores, Ph.D., !! Hinasso yan Siñenten Kottura! Bisa-Ge"helo", Irensian Kottura yan !! Embracing the Guam Brand! Hiniyong Kumunidåt; Membro, Inetnon !! -Cultural Perspectives! Direktot, Setbision Bisitan Guåhan !! ! ! Vice-Chairperson, Cultural Heritage and !!!! Community Outreach; GVB Board Member ! 31! Inembråsian Kostumbren Guåhan:! Mary Torre, President, !! Hinasso yan Siñenten Endostriha! Guam Hotel and Restaurant Association !! Embracing the Guam Brand:! !! Industry Perspectives ! 43! Sesion Dinestilådu !! Breakout Sessions !! ! 47! 1. Hestoria yan Irensia! Anne P. -
海岛系列 Islands Guide
GUAM 骆驼书 探索查莫洛部族之旅 关岛 上天入海乐享之旅 Top6 不可错过异国餐厅 Top5 童话般的海边教堂 海岛系列 Islands Guide guide.qunar.com Qunar 骆驼书 | 01 目录 About Guam 关 岛, 关于关岛 西 太 平 洋 上 璀 璨 的 明 珠, 是旧时的战略要地, P03 关于关岛 也 是 今 日 的 度 假 胜 地, P04 从数字看关岛 关岛之花九重葛的花语是: 没有真爱是一种悲伤, Before the Trip 仿佛诉说着这座岛屿的蓝天白云, 行前计划 水清沙幼,都为真爱之人准备。 P05 最佳出游时间 P07 最优住宿推荐 P12 最佳交通工具 P15 潜水指南 Classic Guam 经典关岛 P17 达人必败 / Top5 必逛免税商场 P19 吃货最爱 / Top6 不可错过异国餐厅 P22 新娘惊喜 / Top5 童话般的海边教堂 P24 慢活度假 / Top3 娱乐休闲活动 P26 24Hrs·关岛完美一日游 Do’s & Don’ts! 必备物品 & 注意事项 P30 必备物品 & 注意事项 Explore Guam 探索关岛 P31 关岛交通图 P32 回溯历史 / 自驾环岛人文之旅 P38 原生文化 / 探索查莫洛部族之旅 P42 疯狂度假 / 上天入海乐享之旅 版权声明 / 本攻略刊载的所有内容(包括但不限于文字、图片、图表、 软件、程序、版面设计)的知识产权均属本网站或相关权利人所有。 未经权利人书面许可,任何人不得引用、复制、转载、摘编或以其 他任何方式使用上述内容或建立镜像。违反上述声明者,本网站将 依法追究其法律责任。 Qunar 温馨提醒 / 本攻略信息仅供参考,去哪儿网并不对其准确性、 适用性做任何明示或暗示的担保。由于季节、天气等自然或人为原因, 景点信息(包括但不限于价格、产品行程等)有可能会不时发生变动, 如有变动请以该景点官方最新公告为准,恕不另行通知。并请务必 于出行前提前做好准备,以免造成您的出行不便。 Qunar 骆驼书 | 01 top推荐关岛必玩体验 5 [纯 净] 热带白沙海滩 在关岛,脚踩柔软至极的白色沙滩,或仰望蔚蓝的天空和灿烂的阳光, 或浮潜观察浅海的缤纷珊瑚,傍晚一边饮鸡尾酒,一边欣赏金色的夕阳,真是对“度假“两个字的最好诠释了。 这里的沙滩白得纯净,这里的蓝天蓝到深邃,海中游动的鱼儿清晰可见。 如果这里不是伊甸园,也必定是仿造伊甸园而做。 [甜 蜜] [刺 激] [原 味] [免 税] 童话般的婚礼 多样娱乐活动 查莫洛文化 一线大牌诱惑 关岛是世界上为数不多的、 关岛有着多种多样的娱乐 作为当地的原住民,查莫 来到关岛的女性绝不仅仅 能为非本地居民提供婚姻 活动,喜欢刺激的人可以来 洛人黝黑的肤色、独特的 是为了这里的美丽风景而 注册服务的地区。这里不仅 此尝试自己开飞机、高空跳 刺青与服饰、蕴含独特智 来,作为免税港,这里有全 有纯白色的圣洁教堂,还有 伞、实弹射击,喜欢安静的 慧的拉提石,无一不充满 亚洲最大的 DFS 免税店, 留下美丽传说的情人崖,在 人可以在此潜水、打高尔 了异域情调。尽管经历了 同时这里还有数家定位不 蓝天白云下携手同游,在天 夫球、享受 SPA,上天入 几百年被殖民、被侵略的 同的大型商场,无论是国际 海一线之间许下一生的誓 海尽情享受关岛的大自然。 历史,查莫洛人依然保留 一线大牌,还是美国本土潮 言,守护坚贞的爱情,是多 一动一静之间,关岛的美好 下了自己民族的生活方式 流品牌,在这里的价格都是 么浪漫的场景。 已经全部领略。 与文化。 非常“可爱”的。 Qunar 骆驼书 | 02 About Guam -
GHRA 45Th Anniversary Special 1
GHRA 45th Anniversary Special 1 Message from the President Hafa Adai! In the last 45 years, GHRA has focused on improving business-community relations through its public and private partnerships to serve as a liaison for the tourism industry and advocate issues that govern the conduct of business on Guam. GHRA has helped address government and non-government organizations to better serve its members by staying connected, provid- ing key information and representing the issues with an industry perspective. GHRA continues to explore ways to develop economic growth, sustainability and improve service standards for our island, residents and visitors. In addition, GHRA has educated members by providing training programs through workshops, seminars, certification courses, and scholarships; supported industry employees through social sports leagues and recognition programs at annual events such as HERO awards, Beyond the Call of Duty for Integrity and Life Saving awards, International Housekeeper’s Week, and Gold- en Latte awards; and coordinated special events for networking and showcasing products such as PHARE, Taste Guam, Industry Night, and the GHRA Social. Going forward, GHRA will also continue to serve an important role in compliance and regulatory affairs, expand workforce develop- ment programs by partnering with the Guam Community College, GCA Trades Academy and Guam Department of Labor, educate members on best practices and industry news, and improve communications while creating new programs and services with its members. GHRA has helped the industry grow! Guam’s tourism has seen arrivals exceed 1.5 million visitors, on-island spending average $1,150 per person, Hotel Occupancy Tax collect $37 million, and Gross Receipts Tax grow more than $50 million. -
AAPI National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Essay 12
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study ASIAN AMERICAN PACIFIC ISLANDER ISLANDER AMERICAN PACIFIC ASIAN Finding a Path Forward ASIAN AMERICAN PACIFIC ISLANDER NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS THEME STUDY LANDMARKS HISTORIC NATIONAL NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS THEME STUDY Edited by Franklin Odo Use of ISBN This is the official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of 978-0-692-92584-3 is for the U.S. Government Publishing Office editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Odo, Franklin, editor. | National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.), issuing body. | United States. National Park Service. Title: Finding a Path Forward, Asian American and Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks theme study / edited by Franklin Odo. Other titles: Asian American and Pacific Islander National Historic Landmarks theme study | National historic landmark theme study. Description: Washington, D.C. : National Historic Landmarks Program, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2017. | Series: A National Historic Landmarks theme study | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017045212| ISBN 9780692925843 | ISBN 0692925848 Subjects: LCSH: National Historic Landmarks Program (U.S.) | Asian Americans--History. | Pacific Islander Americans--History. | United States--History. Classification: LCC E184.A75 F46 2017 | DDC 973/.0495--dc23 | SUDOC I 29.117:AS 4 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045212 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. -
HR 4686 EH 3 1 Prehistoric Site That Is Surrounded by Tall-Canopy 2 Limestone Forest
111TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION H. R. 4686 AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to study the suit- ability and feasibility of designating prehistoric, historic, and limestone forest sites on Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, as a unit of the National Park System. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. 2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 3 ‘‘Rota Cultural and Natural Resources Study Act’’. 4 (b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds as follows: 5 (1) The island of Rota was the only major is- 6 land in the Mariana Islands to be spared the de- 7 struction and large scale land use changes brought 8 about by World War II. 9 (2) The island of Rota has been described by 10 professional archeologists as having the most numer- 11 ous, most intact, and generally the most unique pre- 12 historic sites of any of the islands of the Mariana 13 Archipelago. 14 (3) The island of Rota contains remaining ex- 15 amples of what is known as the Latte Phase of the 16 cultural tradition of the indigenous Chamorro people 17 of the Mariana Islands. Latte stone houses are rem- 18 nants of the ancient Chamorro culture. 19 (4) Four prehistoric sites are listed on the Na- 20 tional Register of Historic Places: Monchon Archeo- 21 logical District (also known locally as Monchon 22 Latte Stone Village), Taga Latte Stone Quarry, the 23 Dugi Archeological Site that contains, latte stone 24 structures, and the Chugai Pictograph Cave that 25 contains examples of ancient Chamorro rock art. -
March 2017 | Volume 6, Issue No
March 2017 | Volume 6, Issue No. 1 Håfa Adai Everyday Håfa Adai Pledge Program Reaches Milestone Åmot Farm Inc. became the 700th member of the Håfa Adai Pledge program on Thursday, March 9 in Dededo. It marked a milestone for the Guam Visitors Bureau’s local community branding campaign. From left: Miranda Muñoz, GVB administrative assistant; Dee Hernandez, GVB cultural heritage ocer; Clare Calvo, Åmot Farm Inc. board member; Jon Nathan Denight, GVB president and CEO; Rose Cunlie, GVB director of finance and administration; Senator Tina Muña Barnes, 33rd Guam Legislature; Bernice T. Nelson, Åmot Farm Inc. suruhana and farm manager; Frank Rabon, Åmot Farm Inc. board chairman; Bill McDonald, Åmot Farm Inc. board member; Liz Stinson, board member; Mayor Melissa B. Savares, village of Dededo, mayor; Gwendolyn Tudela Aguon, Åmot Farm Inc. consultant; Senator Joe S. San Agustin, 34th Guam Legislature; Seb Pehlivanian, DPHSS NCD community gardens member; Zina Ruiz, Åmot Farm Inc. secretary; Ronald T. Laguana, Åmot Farm Inc., board member; and Retta Sue Hamilton, Åmot Farm Inc. executive director. 34th Guam Legislature Takes Håfa Adai Pledge: The Guam Visitors Bureau welcomed the 34th Guam Legislature to the Håfa Adai Pledge program. Senators took the pledge at a special ceremony on Friday, March 10 in the Guam Legislature building in Hagåtña. From left: Sen. Louise B. Muna; Sen. Mary C. Torres; Sen. Frank B. Aguon Jr.; Vice Speaker Therese M. Terlaje; Bart Jackson, GVB board member; Speaker Benjamin J.F. Cruz; Sen. Dennis G. Rodriguez Jr., chairman of tourism committee; Pilar Laguana, GVB director of global marketing; Young Sook Hong, GVB board member; Sen. -
An Overview of Latte Period Archaeology
Micronesica 42(1/2): 1–79, 2012 An overview of latte period archaeology MIKE T. CARSON Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA Abstract—Studies of megalithic ruins called latte and other related material traces potentially offer insights into an associated latte period, approximately A.D. 900 through 1700, quite distinctive from preceding cultural periods that began as early at 1500 B.C. in the Mariana Islands. Vastly more is known of this latte period than any other in Marianas regional archaeology, yet numerous basic questions continue to be considered and debated. The present work aims to summarize current data and thinking about latte research. Introduction The theme “archaeological studies of the latte period” was chosen for this volume of Micronesica to embrace the plentiful ways archaeologists and others conceptualize these megalithic ruins and their significance toward indigenous cultural history and heritage in the Mariana Islands (Figure 1). Today, latte stones vibrantly symbolize native Chamorro cultural identity (Figure 2), and they embody a material link to an ancestral society prior to the last few centuries of foreign colonial rule and evolving globalized context of the Chamorro people. During the last several decades of archaeological study, latte sites and their multiple associations have proven to be quite complex, deserving equally complex modes of study. Interpretive models are even more complicated in attempts to comprehend or explain the functions of latte stones and the evolution of native Chamorro society associated with these ancient sites. In common usage, the word latte refers to sets of megalithic pillars (haligi) and “caps” or capitals (tasa) that at one time presumably supported wooden superstructures (Figure 3).