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Democracy Some Acute Questions PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA 4 DEMOCRACY SOME ACUTE QUESTIONS the PROCEEDINGS of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 22-25 April 1998 VATICAN CITY 1999 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA 4 DEMOCRACY SOME ACUTE QUESTIONS the PROCEEDINGS of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 22-25 April 1998 VATICAN CITY 1999 5 Casina Pio IV - Vatican Gardens Location of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 6 The opinions freely expressed during the presentation of papers in the Plenary Session, although published by the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, only represent the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. Editor of the Proceedings: Prof. Dr. HANS F. ZACHER ISBN 88-86726-01-5 © Copyright 1999 PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES VATICAN CITY 7 CONTENTS Preface (HANS F. ZACHER)........................ 13 Programme of the Fourth Plenary Session .............. 15 List of Participants ........................... 19 Address of the President of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences to the Holy Father .................... 23 Address of the Holy Father to the Participants of the Fourth Plenary Session ........................... 25 Report by the President: Activities of the Academy since the Third Plenary Session. New Guidelines Decided upon at the Fourth Plenary Session ........................... 29 Statutes of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (25 May 1998) 35 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Introduction H.F. ZACHER: Die Arbeiten der Akademie zum Thema “Demokratie” (Democracy as a subject of the Academy’s deliberations – pro- gramme and state of the work) .................. 43 M. SCHOOYANS: Droits de l’Homme et Démocratie à la lumière de l’Enseignement social de l’Église (The teaching of the Church on democracy).............................. 47 R. MINNERATH: Introduction to the Discussion ............ 57 Discussion ................................. 65 8 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA - 4 II. Value of democracy — democracy and values J.J. DI IULIO: Three Questions about Contemporary Democracy and the Catholic Church (Value and justification of democracy – democracy: an end or a means?).................. 71 Discussion .............................. 83 T. NOJIRI: Values as a Precondition of Democracy ......... 89 Discussion .............................. 107 F.-X. KAUFMANN: Democracy Versus Values? ............. 115 Discussion .............................. 139 H. SCHAMBECK: Demokratie, Rechts- und Verfassungsstaat – Werte, ihr Konflikt und Schutz (The conflict of values – the protec- tion of values: democratic structures, rule of law, the “Verfas- sungsstaat”).............................. 145 Discussion .............................. 173 III. “Civil society” as the essence of democratic society P.L. Z AMPETTI: Il Concetto di Stato Democratico e “la Società Ci- vile” (The concept of the democratic state and “civil society” as a precondition)............................ 181 Discussion .............................. 197 J.B. ELSHTAIN: What is “Civil Society” and how does it Develop? 207 Discussion .............................. 221 K. VON BEYME: Democracy as Civil Society: the Mediating Structures 229 Discussion .............................. 249 J. BONY: Culture et Democratie (History and culture)........ 257 Discussion .............................. 283 DEMOCRACY - SOME ACUTE QUESTIONS 9 IV. Supranationality, internationality and democracy S. BARTOLINI: European Integration and Democracy: Some Sceptical Reflections (Europe: its international and its governmental struc- tures and their relation to democracy)............... 291 Discussion .............................. 321 T.A. M ENSAH: International and Governmental Structures and their Relation to Democracy: Common Report on Africa, America and Asia............................... 327 Discussion .............................. 365 L. SABOURIN: La Mondialisation en Quête de Gouvernance Demo- cratique: Contradictions Nationales, Contraintes Internationales (The global world: how is it governed?) ............. 371 Discussion .............................. 399 T. DE MONTBRIAL: Interventions Internationales, Souveraineté des Etats et Democratie (International interventions versus national democracies) ............................. 407 Discussion .............................. 423 V. General debate Report of the General Debate ..................... 433 13 PREFACE The Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, established in 1994, quickly listed “Democracy” among the subjects which should be approached with high priority. To base the deliberations of the Academy on a world-wide view, the Academy arranged a workshop with reports not only from Western Europe but also from post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, from Africa, Asia, and from Latin America. The workshop was held from 12-13 December 1996 in Rome. The proceedings of the workshop were published as no. 1 of the newly started Miscellanea of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (Vatican City, 1998). On the basis of these discussions, the Academy decided to dedicate two Plenary Meetings to the subject of democracy. The first of these Plenary Meetings – which was the Fourth Plenary Meeting of the Academy – took place from 21-25 April 1998 in the Vatican City. The proceedings of this meeting are published in this volume. Not all English texts are the work of native speakers. For this reason, the English texts were looked through and revised by Dr. Matthew Fforde. The authors and editor thank Dr. Fforde very much for his help. The second Plenary Meeting on democracy – which will be the Sixth Plenary Meeting of the Academy – will take place in the spring of the year 2000. HANS F. Z ACHER Chairman of the Academy’s ad hoc Committee on Democracy Munich, April 1999 15 IV PLENARY SESSION: 22-25 APRIL 1998 PROGRAMME Tuesday 21 April Meeting of the Committee of the Jubilee edition Wednesday 22 April OPENING President’s address Self-presentation of the New Academicians Part I - INTRODUCTION Professor HANS ZACHER (Munich) Democracy as a Subject of the Academy’s Deliberations - Programme and State of the Work Professor MICHEL SCHOOYANS (Louvain) The Teaching of the Church on Democracy Part II - VALUE OF DEMOCRACY - DEMOCRACY AND VALUES Professor JOHN J. DI IULIO (Princeton) Value and Justification of Democracy (Democracy: an End or a Means?) Professor TAKETOSHI NOJIRI (Kobe) Values as a Precondition of Democracy 16 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SOCIALIVM ACTA - 4 Professor FRANZ-XAVER KAUFMANN (Bielefeld) Democracy versus Values? (Democracy and the Relativism of Values. De- mocracy and the “Decline of Values”. Democracy and the Dictatorship of the Majority. Democracy as a Chance for Values) Professor HERBERT SCHAMBECK (Linz) The Conflict of Values - the Protection of Values: Democratic Structures, Rule of Law, the “Verfassungsstaat” Closed session for Academicians Thursday 23 April Part III - “CIVIL SOCIETY” AS THE ESSENCE OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY Professor PIER LUIGI ZAMPETTI (Genova) The Concept of the Democratic State and “Civil Society” as a Precondition Professor JEAN BETHKE ELSHTAIN (Chicago) What is “Civil Society” and how does it Develop? Papal Audience Professor KLAUS VON BEYME (Heidelberg) Mediating Structures Closed Session for Academicians Friday 24 April Professor JOACHIM BONY (Abidjan) History and Culture Part IV - SUPRANATIONALITY, INTERNATIONALITY AND DEMOCRACY Professor STEFANO BARTOLINI (Firenze EUI) Europe: Its International and its Governmental Structures and their Relation to Democracy DEMOCRACY - SOME ACUTE QUESTIONS 17 Professor THOMAS MENSAH (Hamburg) International and Governmental Structures on other Continents and Sub- continents and their Relation to Democracy - Common Report on Africa, America and Asia Professor LOUIS SABOURIN (Montreal) The Global World: How is it Governed? (The Utopia of a Democratic World Government and the Fragmentary, Non-democratic Reality) Professor THIERRY DE MONTBRIAL (Paris) International Interventions versus National Democracies (The Tension be- tween the Manifold International Institutions and Activities and National Democracies) Discussion of Prof. SCHOOYANS’ latest note Meetings of two Programme Committees on “Democracy” and on “Work and Employment” Saturday 25 April General Debate about the Scientific Programme Closed Session for Academicians XI Council Meeting 19 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS PRESIDENT Prof. MALINVAUD EDMOND: I.N.S.E.E. Département de la Recherche. 15, Boulevard Gabriel Péri - 92245 Malakoff Cedex - France. CHANCELLOR Father PITTAU JOSEPH, S.J.: Chancellor and Counsellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Chancellor and Counsellor of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. Casina Pio IV - 00120 Città del Vaticano. ACADEMICIANS Prof. ARCHER MARGARET: University of Warwick. Department of Socio- logy, Coventry - CV4 7AL Warwickshire - Great Britain. Prof. ARROW KENNETH: Stanford University. Department of Economics, Stanford - California 94305-6072 - U.S.A. Prof. BETANCUR BELISARIO: Fundación Santillana. Calle 80, N. 9-75, Apartado Aéreo 3974 - Bogotá - Colombia. Prof. BONY JOACHIM: Societé d’Enseignement Privé Ivoirienne (SEPI). 21BP 1426 - Abidjan 08 - Côte d’Ivoire. Prof. DONATI PIERPAOLO: University of Bologna, Dept. of Sociology. Strada Maggiore, 45 - 40125 Bologna - Italia. Prof. GLENDON MARY ANN: Harvard Law School. Hauser Hall 504, 1525 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge - Massachusetts 02138 - U.S.A. 20 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE
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