(200 Km) of Ambepussa – Kurunegala – Trincomalee (A006) Highway

Rehabilitation and Upgrading road section from

Public Disclosure Authorized Kanthale (157 km) to Trincomalee (200 km) of Ambepussa – Kurunegala – Trincomalee (A006) Highway

Environmental Assessment Report

Public Disclosure Authorized Submitted to World Bank

June 2010

Public Disclosure Authorized

Prepared By Environmental and Social Division Road Development Authority Ministry of Highways and Road Development Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Contents

LIST OF FIGURES & MAPS ...... ii LIST OF TABLES ...... ii LIST OF ANNEXES ...... ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... iv Chapter 1: Introduction and Background...... 1 Chapter 2: Description of the Project ...... 8 Chapter 3: Description of the Existing Environment ...... 14 Chapter 4: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 30 Chapter 5: Public Consultation and Participation Process ...... 43 Chapter 6: Institutional responsibilities and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ...... 48 Chapter 7: Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions ...... 50 Chapter 8: References ...... 51 Annexure 2.1 ...... 53 Annexure 3.1 ...... 54 Annexure 3.2 ...... 55 Annexure 4.1 ...... 74 Annexure 4.2 ...... 76 Annexure 5.1 ...... 77 Annexure 6.1 (a) ...... 80 Annexure 6.1 (b) ...... 105 Annexure 6.2 (a) ...... 131 Annexure 6.2 (b) ...... 133 Annexure 6.3 (a) ...... 136 Annexure 6.3 (b) ...... 138

LIST OF FIGURES & MAPS

Figure 2.1 General location of the project area Figure 3.1 Monthly rainfall variation of nearest rain gauge stations to the project area Figure 3.2 Topography map of the trace Map 1 & 2 Project location

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Administrative units crossed by road Table 3.1 Characteristics of Agro-ecological zones crossed by the highway section Table 3.3 Population of DS Divisions where the road runs through Table 3.4 Affected GNDs of Kanthale – Trincomalee section of A006 Highway Table 3.5 Schools located along the road trace Table 3.6 Cultural, religious and archaeological sites located in the vicinity of the project area Table 3.7 Paddy production in Trincomalee District (2008) Table 3.8 Information on fishing activities in Trincomalee Divisional Secretariat

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annexure 2.1 Typical cross section Annexure 3.1 Drainage Map Annexure 3.2 List of Flora & Fauna Annexure 4.1 List of Affected structures Annexure 4.2 List of Affected trees Annexure 5.1 Public Consultation Annexure 6.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Annexure 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) Annexure 6.2 (a) Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) - Package 5 Annexure 6.2 (b)Environmental Manitoring Plan (EMoP) – Package 6

Annexure 6.3(a) Baseline data on selected Environmental parameters – Package 5 Annexure 6.3(a) Baseline data on selected Environmental parameters – Package 5

iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AC Asphalt Concrete ADB Asian Development Bank AKT Ambepussa – Kurunegala – Trincomalee highway AP Affected Persons BOI Board of Investment of Sri Lanka BT Batticaloa – Trincomalee highway CEA Central Environmental Authority DBST Double Bitumen Surface Treatment DoF Department of Forestry DS Divisional Secretary DWLC Department of Wild Life Conservation EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMC Environmental Management Committee EMP Environmental Management Plan EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan EPL Environmental Protection License ESD Environmental & Social Division, RDA GoSL Government of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka GN Grama Niladari (Subordinate of DS) GSMB Geological Survey and Mines Bureau IDA International donor Agencies IEE Initial Environmental Examination LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas MOH Medical Officer of Health NBRO National Building Research Organization NHSP National Highway Sector Project NWS&DB National Water Supply & Drainage Board PAT Puttalam – Anuradhapura – Trincomalee highway PMU Project Management Unit REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RDA Road Development Authority ROW Right of Way RSMP Road Sector Master Plan

SC Supervision Consultant SLT Sri Lanka Telecom UDA Urban Development Authority WB World Bank

Chapter 1: Introduction and Background

1. Sri Lanka’s road network is dense and well laid-out providing connectivity to the country’s population and centers of economic activity. According to the Central Bank figures, the network’s density was at 1.6 km/ km2 in year 2009. This included class A and B roads (national roads) amounting to a total length of more than 11,500 kilometers. However, at present most of these roads are of sub standards and conditions are inadequate to meet the rapidly growing freight and passenger traffic demand. This situation limits the contribution of roads to national development, economic growth, and poverty reduction.

2. World Bank (WB) approved a loan in December, 2005 amounting to US $ 100 million to improve 620 km of national roads by 2010. This project was implemented as “World Bank Funded Road Sector Assistance Project” or RSAP. Road Development Authority (RDA) under Ministry of Highways and Road Development (MOH & RD) was the project implementing agency. The project was aimed to support lower transportation cost through sustainable delivery of an efficient national road system that serves the needs of all Sri Lankan population.

3. With the above project successfully coming to an end by year 2010, the Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) has requested financing from the World Bank to assist them to rehabilitate, improve and maintain about 300 km of additional roads in the national roads network with an overall objective to achieve improved and sustainable road transport by enhancing the durability, efficiency and economic impact of the national road network. The project will be designated as “Road Sector Assistance Project II (or RSAP II)”. The proposed project will only focus on rehabilitation1, improvement2 and maintenance3 of sections of national

1 Rehabilitation: Bringing existing deteriorated roads to previous/original conditions. It will likely to involve improving drainage/slopes/embankments/other structures, strengthening pavements, complete resurfacing and recuperating civil works. All of the work is done on the existing platform or right of way and no additional land acquisition needed. 2 Improvements: Improving road specifications. Most of the work is done on the existing platform or right of way. Additional land acquisition may be needed. Activities include widening lanes and shoulders, adding extra lanes in steep inclines, improving curves and strengthening bridges.

1 roads selected from the National Road Sector Master Plan (NRMP) which has been developed based on the needs of transport sector for a period of 10 years from 2007 to 2017.

4. Kanthale to Trincomalee section of Ambepussa-Kurunegala- Trincomalee (AKT) or A006 highway is one of the candidate road sections to be developed under RSAP II project. The length of this road section is about 40 km.

5. At present three class A highways are connected to Trincomalee. They are the A006 highway; Puttalam – Anuradhapura – Trincomalee (PAT) or A012 highway and Batticaloa – Trincomalee (BT) or A015 highway. Of these three highways, A006 highway which is about 200km in length could be classified as the main arterial route that connects north central, north western and Sabaragamuwa provinces with Trincomalee town which is the capital of Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. More over A006 highway serves the accesses to vehicles flee from Trincomalee towards important cities such as Colombo, Kandy and Kurunegala and vice versa.

6. This report focuses on environmental assessment related to the rehabilitation and upgrading of the highway section from Kanthale (157km) to Trincomalee (200 km) of A006 highway.

1.1. Objectives of the Project

7. The broad objective of this project is to improve the transport efficiency along Kanthale to Trincomalee section of A006 highway there by assisting the economic and social development of Eastern Province (especially Trincomalee district) and the country by providing efficient and safe highways while preserving the nature.

8. Specific Objectives of the project could be listed as follows:

3 Maintenance: Routine or periodic works to maintain the road in working conditions. All of the work is done on existing platform. It may include routine works, patching potholes, clearing drains, etc. and periodic works such as resurfacing, line marking and bridge maintenance.

 Improve the existing highway (from 157km to 200km) with proper two lane facility (two of 3.7m wide traffic lanes),  Resurfacing the existing pavement with Asphalt Concrete (AC),  Improve the horizontal alignment at selected locations to reduce acute curves in order to provide safe driving conditions,  Widen, repair or reconstruct damaged culverts and bridges and construct new culverts at locations where highway will be placed on new embankments,  Remove any irregularities that are on the existing vertical profile,  Provide cycle lanes, pedestrian footpaths, bus bays, rest bays where necessary,  There by improve the vehicle operating speeds while ensuring safety of road users and,  Reduce travel time and vehicle operating cost of vehicles that operate along the section from Kanthale – Trincomalee of the A006 Highway.

1.2. Objectives of Environmental Assessments

9. The purpose of the Environmental Assessment (EA) is to gather and provide:

(i) Information about the following existing environmental settings of the project influential area;  Physical Environment (including climate, air quality, geology, topography, soil, surface and ground water hydrology and quality),  Biological Environment (fauna and flora and presence of endemic, endangered species),  Social Environment (socio economic profile of the communities living in the project influence area, infrastructure facilities and land use etc.);

(ii) Identify beneficial and potential adverse impacts on the existing environment during preconstruction, construction and operational phases of the project; (iii) Propose effective mitigation measures to avoid/ minimize the project induced adverse impacts while enhancing the beneficial impacts, and; (iv) Formulate an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) to be incorporated in the Bid documents, so as to sensitize and guide respective divisions of RDA in environmental and social safeguards compliance during pre construction and operational stages of the project. Also sensitize and guide respective contractors in environmental and social safeguards compliance during construction stage.

1.3. Scope, extent of study and Personnel

10. This detailed environmental assessment for 40 km (from Kanthale to Trincomalee section) have been carried out in compliance with the RDA manuals on environmental and social safeguards compliance in road development projects and WB policies on environmental and social safeguards. The field assessments were carried out during the months of August and September in year 2009.

11. A desk study was also carried out prior to the field investigations to identify land use pattern up to 200m / or impact influential area on both sides of the existing center line of the existing highway using 1:50,000 topographic map sheets of the Survey Department and satellite imagery available on-line from Google maps as a secondary information base. During the field investigation, a corridor extending up to 50 m to the both sides of the highway from the existing center line was examined for possible environmental and social impacts. However the field study area was extended as and when required to consider sensitive locations such as forest areas, sanctuaries, streams etc.

12. Public consultation was carried out in line with environmental and social safeguard policies of the WB to establish meaningful feedback from the stakeholders as well as to ascertain possible beneficial impacts to the societies of the project influence area.

13. The field assessment on environmental assessment was carried out by a multidisciplinary team including Environmental Officer, Social Dimension Consultant, Resettlement Officer, Hydrologist, Ecologist, Resettlement Assistants, Communication Assistants and Land Assistant of Environmental and Social Division (ESD), RDA. The Environmental Officer provided the overall leadership and guidance with regards to the essential inputs to the EA and SA studies. The support and guidance given by Director General of RDA, Additional Director General (CD)/RDA, Director Land/ ESD, Deputy Director ESD, Director - Planning Division and Director - Highway Design of RDA are also acknowledged.

1.4. Applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Requirements Covering the Proposed project

 National Environmental Act (NEA) No 47 of 1980, and its’ amendment Act No. 56 of 1988 and Act No. 53 of 2000

14. Rehabilitation of existing highways/roads do not fall within the list of “Prescribed Projects” listed in Gazette Extra-ordinary No. 772/22 of 24th June 1993 and subsequent amendments, which needs to go through the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process and subsequent conditional approval from the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resource.

15. The EIA process for a “prescribed project” involves conducting of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) based on the ToR prepared by the relevant Project Approving Agency (PAA). However, further amendments to the NEA that stipulated on material extraction, emissions, noise and vibration levels will have a bearing on this development project.

16. Other than the NEA, following national laws and regulations will be applicable for this project.

 Agrarian Services Act No 58 of 1979  Control of pesticide Act No 33 of 1980  Crown Land Ordinance (chapter 454)  Explosive Act No. 36 of 1976  Felling of Trees Control Act No. 9 of 1951 as amended through Act No. 30 of 1953  Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance amended by Act No 38 of 1949  Forest Act No. 34 of 1951  Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) Act No 33 of 1992  Irrigation Act No. 1 of 1951  Land Acquisition Act No 9 of 1950  National Water Supply and Drainage Board Act No 2 of 1974  Pradeshiya Saba Act No 15 of 1987  State Land (Recovery of Possession) Act No 7 of 1979  Urban Development Authority (UDA) Act, No. 41 of 1978

World Bank Operational Policy for Environmental and Social Assessments

17. In addition to national laws and regulations, the environmental assessment study should comply with World Bank Operational Policy (World Bank OP 4.01) which is the policy of the International Donor Agency (IDA) of this project. World Bank OP 4.01 requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for World Bank financing to help ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. Considering the work involved and resultant environmental repercussions in road resurfacing and upgrading and/or provision of drainage in non-sensitive environments, this project can be treated as Category B.

18. World Bank OP 4.01 specifies that for a project in Category B proposed for financing under an IDA credit, the developer must consult

6 project affected groups and local non governmental organizations (NGOs) about the projects environment aspects and take their views into account in the design and implementation. In addition the RDA and contractor are expected to consult with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address EMP related issues that affect them. The OP 4.01 also highlights the importance of analyzing alternative designs, technologies and operational strategies systematically in terms of their potential environmental impacts in order to select the most environmentally friendly and economically viable option.

19. The design of road specifications and works and subsequent operations of the project must be in compliance with environmental safeguard as specified in the EA and EMP. The EAs and EMPs will be available for public review and comment in appropriate locations in Sri Lanka and in International Donor Agencies (IDA’s) public Information Center in accordance with BP 17.50 requirements of disclosure. Detailed EAs for individual projects will need to be carried out by the implementing agencies and will be reviewed and cleared by the designated PAA, as applicable under prevailing national environmental legislation in Sri Lanka and by IDA prior to the approval of disbursement.

Chapter 2: Description of the Project

20. AKT or A006 highway is an existing highway with a length of about 200 km. The pavement of highway section from Ambepussa (0.00 km) to Habarana (113.00 km) is of AC with dual carriageway status. Habarana to Kanthale (157.00 km) section is under rehabilitation and improvement with an Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan. The highway section from Kanthale to Trincomalee is in bad shape as this section has been neglected for many years mainly due to the armed conflict that prevailed in the eastern province for the past three decades. The proposed project aims at rehabilitating and improving Kanthale to Trincomalee section with improved pavement surfacing and proper two lane facility.

2.1. Need of the Project

21. Trincomalee is the main district of eastern province which was affected by the armed conflict that prevailed in the country for the past three decades. This district is gifted with many natural resources and has a great potential to contribute to the development of the country. Prima flour processing factory and Mitsui Cement factory that are located near to the harbor have been functioning even during the conflict period and A006 highway was mainly used by heavy trucks to distribute flour and cement to other parts of the country. With regaining normalcy the GoSL has launched a mega development project in the eastern province known as Eastern Revival Program or Nagenahira Nawodaya. This project is to uplift the infrastructure facilities in the province while harnessing resources in a sustainable manner. In line with this program the GoSL has identified the importance of rehabilitating and developing the Kanthale – Tricomalee section of A006 highway in order to facilitate efficient transport link with other parts of the country.

22. Except for the last few kilometers of the highway which is within Trincomalee town area the remaining part of Kanthale – Trincomalee section of AKT highway which is at substandard condition. Although the available Right of Way (ROW) ranges between 12.5 to 17.5 m along this

8 section of the highway, the existing road pavement width is about 6.2 m with a Penetration Macadam (PM) surface. The surface at most of the locations is irregular and near to paddy lands the road has subsided. This prevents traffic to flow at desirable speeds resulting increase in travel time. Further this situation increases the operational and maintenance cost of vehicles which ultimately increases the transportation cost. 2.2. Alternative Analysis

Without Project Scenario

23. The pavement and most of the road furniture from Kanthale to Trincomalee section of A006 highway have deteriorated due to lack of maintenance. Narrowness at certain sections and black spots have created a high operational and maintenance cost to vehicles using the road. If no rehabilitation and upgrading works are conducted the road pavement will deteriorate to a status where vehicles may not be able to operate along this section of the highway. Further it will adversely affect many development projects that are to be initiated in the project influence area.

With Project Scenario

24. The proposed road project expects to develop the highway section with two lanes carriageway, space for emergency parking at town sections, cycle lane for movement of cycles, improved cross and side drainage, walkways, alignment changes to sharp bends to cater to the designed speed and other road furniture at required locations. The road surface will be improved with AC which is suitable for heavy load bearing. Finally, the project will facilitate a smooth traffic flow, reduced travel time, reduced operational and maintenance cost of vehicles resulting in increased transport efficiency.

2.3. Location of the Project

25. Figure 2.1 presents the general location of the highway while Map 1 and 2 (annexed) shows general land use pattern along the road section

9 using 1: 50,000 topographic sheets prepared by the Survey Department and satellite images taken from Google Earth facility. The administrative location of the project area is presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Administrative units of the project area Province District DS Division Eastern Trincomalee Kanthale Thambalakamum Trincomalee

2.4. Magnitude of Operations

26. This section of AKT highway will be improved to proper dual carriageway standard with cycle lanes, shoulders, side drains, parking (with provisions to emergency parking areas at selected locations) and service corridor. The improved pavement will be of Asphalt Concrete (AC) which is comparatively a long lasting pavement type.

27. Proposed project activities are as follows;  Clearing and grubbing work to widen the pavement where necessary;  Strengthening of weak or failed sections of highway between Kanthale and Trincomalee;  Construction of road side drains;  Widen, repair or reconstruct culverts and bridges along this section of highway (One bridge and 183 culverts could be observed along this section);  Construct new culverts where the highway will be placed on embankment;  Laying of sub-base and base material to construct the new pavement with dual carriageways;  Construction of hard shoulder/ cycle lane and walkways;  Laying of AC wearing course;  The finished highway surface will have typical formation width of 12.6 m (without walkways) with following specifications;  Carriageway = 3.7m x 2

 Hard shoulder/cycle lane = 0.8 m x 2  Road side drain = 0.8 m x 2  Service corridor = 1 m x 2  Walkway (where necessary)

28. The road improvements will be mainly carried out within the available ROW. However minor realignments will take place to ease sharp curves (if necessary). Highway Design Division of RDA has developed typical cross sections to suit open area and town sections which are annexed as Annexure 2.1.

Ambepussa

Colombo

Figure 2.1: General location of the project area

29. Based on designs of RDA, around 20 temporary and 13 permanent structures were observed within a 15 m corridor on both sides from the existing highway edge. Since the proposed construction works will be limited to the existing highway reservation, land acquisition will be minimal. In the event that widening is strictly required for visibility and horizontal road alignment improvement, some of these structures will have to be removed.

2.5. Sources and Quantities of Material Required

30. Quarry sites and soil borrow pits which are located in Thambalakamum and Trincomalee areas could be exploited in extracting material required for the project. The estimated quantity requirement of materials for the proposed construction activities will be given in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) items.

2.6. Proposed Schedule of Implementation

31. This project will be funded by World Bank under RSAP II. This section of A006 highway will be packaged in to four sections as follows;

 Package 5 – from Kanthale (157km) to Thambalagamuwa (178km)  Package 6 – from Thambalagamuwa (178km) to Trincomalee (200km)

32. With detailed designs and bid documents completed, the tender will be awarded to the successful contractor to commence construction work in the forth quarter of 2010. The construction activities will commence for about 18 months. The project is scheduled to be implemented under WB funded RSAP II.

Chapter 3: Description of the Existing Environment

3.1. The Existing Land Use along the highway Trace

33. The highway section to be improved starts at 157 km of AKT highway where few residential and commercial structures could be observed. A “T” junction could be observed at this location with a clock tower. Kanthale Divisional Secretariat building is located to the Right Hand Side (RHS) just passing this T junction. Passing Kanthale town area the highway passes a Bo tree (Ficus religiosa) at 161.6 km, a temple at 163.4 km, Shailarama temple at 167.8, a mosque at 170 km, Agrabodi temple at 171.7 km, a mosque at 174.7 km, a temple at 178.2 km to the Left Hand Side (LHS). It also passes Light House school at 161.6 km and a mosque at 177.1 km to it’s RHS.

34. The Naval Headwork’s sanctuary area is passed by the highway between 167.5 km to184.7 km. The highway also passes Kanthale forest reserve between 184.7 km to 191 km to LHS. A006 highway forms ‘T’ junctions with BT and ‘Y’ junction PAT highways at 192.9 km and 195.2 km respectively. Sri Bodhipadaramaya temple (190.9 km), Sri Wajiraramaya temple (192.8 km), Wipulananda College (195 km) and Sinhala Central College (198 km) on LHS are the important structures could be observed between 190 km to 195 km of the highway. The highway traverses adjacent to the Koddiyar bay on RHS from 196.9 km to 197.3 km and 198km to 199 km and the highway ends at 200 km. Near to the end point, Trincomalee harbor, and regional offices of the Survey Department and of the Customs Department of Sri Lanka are located.

3.2. Physical Environment

Climate and Soil 35. Kanthale – Trincomalee section of A006 highway falls in low country dry zone of Sri Lanka. This stretch of the highway passes through DL1c and DL2b agro-ecological zones which are categorized based on climate, soil, natural vegetation and land use pattern of an area.

The specific rainfall and soil groups which could be observed within these agro – ecological zones are given in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Characteristics of Agro-ecological zones crossed by the highway section Climatic Agro- 75% Major soil groups Zone ecological expectancy Zone value of rainfall (mm) Low DL1c >900 Reddish Brown Earth, Low Country Humic Gley soils Dry DL2b >1100 Non Calcic Brown soils, Zone Reddish Brown Earth, Old Alluvial, Regosols and Solodized Solonatz Source: Environmental Atlas, Sri Lanka

36. Figure 3.1 shows the monthly rainfall variation in Minneriya, Kanthale and Trincomalee which are the nearest rain gauge stations to the project area. Main rainfall governing season for the project area is north – east monsoon which falls from November to February. This period is locally known as Maha (Major) season which is the major paddy cultivation period for the eastern region of the country where the project area is located. Other than this, the area receives considerable amount of rainfall during months of September and October with the effect of Second Inter Monsoon. During this period, there is a possibility of experiencing minor cyclones to the eastern belt of the country. The period from May to September is generally dry and there is a dry wind flow over the project area. However localized sporadic rainfall events can be observed during this period occurred due to the effect of local convections.

37. The average annual temperature of the project influential area ranges between 290C ~ 320C and Trincomalee experiences generally the highest temperature of the country where it goes up to about 38 0C.

38. The prominent soil type observed in the particular agro – ecological zones is Reddish Brown Earth (RBE) which has the characteristic reddish brown colour. The texture of this soil type may vary from Sandy Loam to Sandy Clay. In addition Low Humic Glay Soil (LHG) is also found frequently in this region, which has Dark Grey and Greyish Brown colours.

Monthly RainfallMonthly Variation Rainfall Variation Along A006 Road

400 350 300 250 200

150 Rainfall mmRainfall 100 50

JUL

JAN JUN

FEB OCT

APR SEP DEC

AUG NOV

MAR MAY Time months

Minneriya Kantale Trincomalee

Figure 3.1: Monthly rainfall variation nearest rain gauge stations to the project area

Geology and Topography

39. Geology of the project area belongs to highland Series. It comprises undifferentiated highland series, Marble, Quartzite, Charnockite, Garnet biotite gneiss, granitic gneiss. (Source: Geology map of Sri Lanka, Department of survey). The terrain of the project area is generally undulating to flat with the elevation varying between 0 – 190 m above mean sea level. A topography map of the trace is presented in Figure 3.2.

Trincomalee

Kanthale

Figure 3.2: Topography map

Air Quality and Noise

40. Air quality in the entire study area appears to be good. However there is a chance of temporarily deterioration of air quality at Trincomalee town area mainly due to traffic congestions. The major source of atmospheric pollution in the area is from road traffic especially heavy vehicles in the form of diesel and petrol engine vehicle fumes. Domestic sources of air pollution will include emissions from burning of forest patches for Chena cultivation, wood and kerosene burning stoves in settlements, villages and town areas. Any such emissions will be very well dissipated in the open terrain and absorption by forest vegetation. However any emissions should comply with the ambient air quality standards as specified in the Gazatte No. 850/4 dated 20th Dec 1994.

41. Except for Trincomalee town centre where the noise levels are high due to continuous flow of vehicles and commercial activities, the remaining sections includes mostly of rural and forest areas and therefore the noise levels are relatively low. According to Schedules I and

II of National environmental (Noise Control) regulations No.1 1996 (924/12), the study area belongs to “Low noise area”. Therefore the noise levels at boundaries of land from which construction noise is emitted should not be exceeded 55 dB (A) during day time (06.00 hrs- 18.00 hrs) and 45 dB (A) night time (18.00 hrs - 06.00 hrs).

Ground Water, Surface Water, and Drainage

42. The highway lies on a rural terrain with urban patches with settlements. Since the road straddles through the dry zone groundwater is scarce. Groundwater is used for drinking purposes through dug wells however near to the bay there is a possibility of contaminating ground water by salts.

43. Of the few tanks located adjacent to the highway tarce the Kanthale tank is the largest having the catchment area of about 20,000 ha. This is an ancient irrigation tank built by King Aggabodhi II who reigned from 604-614 AD. It receives irrigation water diverted from the Mahaweli River. The highway traverse adjacent to Koddiyar bay (between 196.9 km to 197.3 km and 198 km to 199 km) where brackish water could be found.

44. Low lying stretches with in this section of A006 highway get inundated during November to February and second inter Monsoon rains. The drainage map for this section of AKT highway is given in annexure 3.1.

3.2. Ecological Resources

Existing Habitats with Respect to Flora and Fauna and protected areas

45. Altogether there are seven main aquatic and terrestrial habitats identified on either side of this highway section. These habitats include secondary forest, Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees, Roadside vegetation, water bodies (bay, marshes, tanks & streams), Paddy fields,

Chena cultivations and Home gardens. Annexure 3.2 presents floral and faunal species observed in the project area.

46. One of the significant ecological reserves that this section of AKT highway passes is the Naval Headwork’s sanctuary. This sanctuary having an extent of 16,897 ha was declared in 1963.06.06 under Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance of Sri Lanka. According to Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) the boundary of sanctuary area spans from 167.5 km to 184.7 km on LHS of the highway. Kanthale forest reserve which extends over an area of 46,662 ha is another significant ecological reserve located to the LHS of the highway (between 184.7 km to191 km).

47. Majority of the aquatic habitats including small tanks and streams get completely dry during the dry season. Kanthale tank which is located at the starting point (157 km) and Koddiyar bay (between 196.9 km to 197.3 km and 198 km to 199 km) could be considered as the main aquatic ecosystems which provides breeding, nesting and roosting sites for different species of animals both during the dry as well as wet season.

48. Kanthale tank (reservoir) is an important water storage tank and supports a thriving inland fishery. The freshwater fish are dominated by exotic species such as Oreochromis mossambicus. The indigenous fish fauna comprises of Puntius spp, Channa spp. Water birds include Leptoptilos javanicus, Pelecanus philippensis, Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax niger and Haliaeetus leucogaster. Also large herds of Elephas maximus visit the tank regularly from the surrounding areas (Sri Lanka Wetland Database). This tank has been identified as an IBA (Important Bird Area) by BirdLife International (BirdLife International (2009). Tourists travelling to Trincomalee frequently stop at Kantale tank. The potential for nature-based tourism is also high because of its status as an IBA.

Threatened and Endemic species

49. Four endemic floral species namely Dik Wenna (Diplodiscus verrucosus), Kala Wel (Derris parviflora), Neralu (Cassine glauca) and Pupula (Vernonia zeylanica) could be observed in the project area. As per 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka three vulnerable species, Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), Fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrina), Grey langur (Semnopithecus entellus) and a single endangered species namely, Rusty spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosa) are inhabiting in the project area. Also three endemic faunal species Toque monkey (Macaca sinica). Sri Lanka jungle fowl (Gallus lafayetii) and Sri Lanka gray hornbill (Ocyceros gingalensis) also present in the project area. However the Endemic and threatened species recorded during the study are not restricted to the project affected area.

3.3. Socio-cultural environment

Population and administrative information

50. The population of Trincomalee district in 20074 was 334,363 persons and the population density was 132 persons per sq.km. Out of this 165, 926 were males and 168, 437 were females. Out of the total population 45.4% was Moor, 28.6% was Tamils and 25.4% was Sinhalese. There is a significant increase in percentages of Sri Lanka Moor from 1981 (29.3 percent) to 2007 (45.4 percent) while the percentages of Sinhalese and Sri Lanka Tamil show clear decline during that period. During the conflict period most of the people were displaced from their original settlements. People living in Trincomalee district (especially who lived close to the coastal line) were affected by the Tsunami in year 2004. Table 3.3 presents the population information and information on the displaced population in each DSD through which this highway section passes.

Table 3.3: populations of DS Divisions where the road runs through

4 Due to the armed conflict many divisions of Trincomalee and Ampara districts in eastern province were not covered in the population and housing census carried by the Dept. of census and statistics in year 2001. Thus a special enumeration was conducted in these districts in year 2007.

DSD Total population Displaced population Populati % Populati % on on Kantale 42,861 12.8 302 0.7 Thamabalaga 27,572 8.2 486 1.8 muwa Trincomalee 89,046 26.6 6,919 7.8 (Source: Basic population information on Trincomalee District -2007, Department of Census and Statistics)

51. The Grama Niladari divisions (GNDs) which will be affected by the project are given in table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Affected GNDs of Kanthale – Trincomalee section of A006 Highway DS division GN division Kantale Akbopura, Kantale, Tambalagamuwa Galmotiyawa North,Galmotiyawa South, Palampothiya, Pathukudiruppuwa, Pokkuroonie, Weeranagar, Sirajnagar, Mollipothana North, Mollipothana. Trincomalee Muthunagar, Kapultaree, Selvanagarapuram, Chinabay, Anandamkulam, Singhapura, Mihindupura, Pilliyadi, Abayapura, Modiko, Lihininagar, Pillainagar

52. The labor force participation rate of Trincomalee district is 41.3%. Out of employed population in the district 35.4% are engaged in agriculture, 18.5% are engaged in industries while 46.1% are engaged in services. Unemployment rate is 6.9% (Source: Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey, Final Report 2008)

Status of Women in the project area

53. During the field survey, it was identified that most of the women in the road section are engaged in agriculture activities. Many of them are engaged in paddy cultivation and chena cultivations such as Maize, Kurakkan (finger millet), chilies, sesame and vegetables. They bring their agricultural products to nearby markets by bicycles, tractors and buses. It is expected that road development will encourage the buyers from different parts of the country to come to Trincomalee to buy their products. A considerable number of women are engaged in livestock as well which include dairy farming.

54. The labor force participation rate of female in Trincomalee district is 19.3% where as the labor force participation rate of male is 62.2%.The labor force participation rate of female of Trincomalee district is the second lowest when compared to with other districts of the country. The literacy rate of the women in Trincomalee district is 81.5% where as the literacy rate of men is 89.3%, (Source: Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey, Final Report 2008).

55. As the project area has been experiencing the armed conflict for a long time, Home guard Service has become a prominent employment in the area. During this period there has been a high tendency among women towards joining home guard service. This was mainly due to the high earnings that they could receive compared to what they obtain from agriculture labour. Therefore, their standard of living has improved than before. Most of the women in the project area including these home guards use cycles as mode of travelling.

56. Although satisfactory infrastructure facilities are available along the road section, infrastructure facilities in the villages away from the main road are poor. Along with the development of the road section, infrastructure facilities will be developed, including transportation facilities. This will lead to generate new employment opportunities, for women and thereby the current economic status of women will be upgraded. Furthermore, it is expected the road development, which

22 implements in line to “Eastern Revival” will open up new paths to women of Trincomalee district.

Education and Health Facilities

57. Students along the road trace are benefited by the schools present along the road trace as mentioned in the table 3.5. Also, students have access to schools located in nearby towns as well.

Table 3.5: Schools located along the road trace Schools in immediate Approximate Side of vicinity chainage Road (km) (R-right, L- Left) Light House School 161.6 R School 171.6 R Dharmaraja vidyalaya 189.9 R Wipulananda College 195.0 L School 196.6 R Sinhala Central college 198.0 L Source: Field survey, 2009

58. Communities living within the project area have access to Base hospitals in Kanthale and several other medical clinics located in Tambalagamuwa, and also people have access to the government and private hospitals and medical centers such as Trincomalee general Hospital located close to the project area.

Infrastructure Facilities such as Electricity, Pipe water and Telecommunication

59. The communities living in the road section from Kanthale to Trincomalee have access to electricity. However, some temporary shops without electricity connections could also be observed.

60. Except semi urban and the urban centers the other rural communities along the road depend on ground water for domestic purposes (i.e. tube wells, shallow wells in the private home gardens as well as common places). The communities living close to the road section from Kanthale town and Trincomalee have access to pipe water facilities.

61. The road section from Kanthale town to Tricomalee has telephone facilities. Most of the householders and shop owners living in the areas close to the road have obtained house connections. However, most of the rural areas falling in the road influential zone and located away from the main road have no access to telephone supply lines.

Transport Facilities

62. Road transport is the dominant mode of transportation for the area. Busses, three wheelers, vans, motor cycles; bicycles are used by road users. Although long distance public and private buses are operated along this road, people especially school children face transportation difficulties as there are only few busses at long intervals operated. Therefore, people have to hire vehicles. Lorries, tractors and other heavy vehicles are used in transportation of goods. In addition to that people mostly use bicycles as their convenient mode of transportation.

63. The Bay of Trincomalee which houses the harbor is world renowned as a natural harbour and for the depth to the bottom. This situation permits all types of ships to access the port during any weather condition.

Cultural, religious and archaeological places/structures along the trace

64. Trincomalee bay is historically referred to as Gokanna or Gokarna and it has been a sea port that has played a major role in maritime and international trading history of Sri Lanka. Besides the bay which has a historical importance, seventeen religious places are located in the vicinity of the project area. These religious centers belong to Muslim and

Sinhala communities. The details of the religious centers are shown in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Cultural, religious and archaeological sites located in the vicinity of the project area Temples/Shrines/church Approximat Side of es in immediate vicinity e Road chainage (RHS, LHS) (km) Structure around the Bo 161.6 LHS Tree Temple 163.4 LHS Shailarama Viharaya 167.8 LHS Mosque 170.0 LHS Agrabodi Viharaya 171.7 LHS Mosque 174.7 RHS Mosque 177.1 RHS Temple 178.2 LHS Small Shrine 180.4 RHS Small Shrine 183.1 LHS Church 183.2 LHS Temple 186.8 RHS Kovil 188.9 LHS Sri Bodhipadaramaya 190.9 LHS Sri Wajiraramaya 192.8 LHS Shrine 195.8 LHS Shrine 196.4 LHS Source: Field survey, 2009

Economic Development

65. The economic development of Trincomalee district has been greatly affected by the ethnic conflict and lately by Tsunami disaster in 2004. With regaining normalcy the GoSL has launched a mega development project in the eastern region including Trincomalee district. Through the program known as Eastern Province Revival or

Neganahira Navodaya, the govenment has invested almost Rs. 75 billion so far for development and a further Rs. 121 billion is proposed for 2010.

Agriculture

66. With regaining normalcy the agriculture activates in the district has gradually gained momentum in production. In 2008, Trincomalee district have recorded the 8th highest paddy production for Yala (May to September in general) season and 9th highest paddy production for Maha (generally November to February) season respectively with comparison to 26 districts.

Table 3.7: Paddy production in Trincomalee District (2008) District Season Production (‘000 Bushels) Trincomalee Yala 3037 Maha 3237 Sri Lanka Yala 83871 Maha 101850 Source: http://www.statistics.gov.lk

67. There are a large number of small scale paddy producers in the project area. They sell their production in urban areas by transporting the production using Lorries, trucks, tractors, etc. which require good roads.

68. Chena cultivation (shifting and burning cultivation) is also practiced in the area, mostly during the Maha season (from mid September to April). Subsidiary crops such as Kurakkan (Eleusine coracana), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), Gingerly (Sesamum indicum), Ground nuts (Arachis hypogaea), Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), Red onion (Allium cepa), and Mustard (Brassica spp) are the most common crops that are grown in Home Gardens and Chena lands.

Livestock

69. Rearing of Livestock such as cattle and buffaloes, other small ruminants and poultry are also popular agricultural activities practiced in the project area. Large cattle herds can frequently be seen in this area consisting of local breeds. Availability of large extent of natural grazing lands, scrubs and forests, harvested paddy fields and tank catchments areas favour the livestock farming mainly under extensive system of management. However, the technological inputs to livestock farming in this area are not that developed as in other parts of the country.

Fisheries

70. Trincomalee district is gifted with both inland and off shore fishing resources. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), Korali (Etroplus maculates) and Walaya (Wallago attu valley) are the most common fish species that could be observed in inland reservoirs. Off shore or sea fishing was restricted during the conflict period and no motorized boats were allowed for fishing. Now the government has lifted this ban and fishermen are allowed to use motorized boats. The annual fish production in the province is currently around 35,500 tons and is in the increase. Most of the growth has taken place in the Trincomalee District (currently 14,500 tons). There are about 15,850 fishing families (Please refer Table 3.8) living in Trincomalee DS division. Fishermen use multiday boats, one day boats and traditional boats for fishing.

Table 3.8: Information on fishing activities in Trincomalee Divisional Secretariat. Category Amount Fishing families 15850 Fishing Population 63400 Registered fisheries society 119 Multiday Boats 130 One Day Boats (In Board) 70 One Day Boats (Out Board) 2369 Traditional Crafts 2664

Industrial Development

71. The industrial sector of Trincomalee district comprises a range of large, small and medium and service oriented industries. A large scale cement factory, flour making factory, Oil Company are the prominent ones that could be observed in the project area. As the project area is bestowed with heavy mineral sand deposits production of ilemenite, rutile and zircon has been carried out in Pulmoddai area which is adjacent to the project area by state-run Lanka Mineral Sands Limited and are being exported to China India, Japan and Austria. Further the existence of Trincomalee natural harbor, fishery harbors, large extent of land, forest plantations and tourism provide a favorable environment for industrial expansion.

72. However the industrial sector has been severely hindered during the 30 years war period. With the implementation of the comprehensive three year development plan for the Eastern Province of the government of Sri Lanka, it is expected to open up new investment opportunities in following sectors within the project area with the declaration of Trincomalee as a special economic zone under the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOI) Act5.

 Tourism and recreational activities  Oil refinery, oil storage facilities, petroleum based products  Power generation  Cement plants  Port related activities /ship building and repairs  Mineral resource developments  Agriculture, agro-forestry  Fertilizer manufacturing  Livestock development  Ice manufacturing and cool room facilities  Deep-sea fishing and fish-processing

5 http://www.neweast.lk/oppurtunities.html

 Light industries and local resource based SMEs  Large and small scale infrastructure developments

Archaeological sites and Tourism

73. Trincomalee is blessed with many tourist attractive beaches such as Nilaweli. These beaches were famous for surfing, scuba diving and fishing and whale watching. However, like other industries the tourist industry in eastern province especially within Trincomalee district was badly affected by the ethnic conflict and tsunami in 2004. However the industry is currently recovering rapidly. The famous Hindu temple, Tiru Koneswaram which is located on the top of a cliff within the Dutch fort is an important religious attraction for all religious groups in the country. The large natural harbour is also a place of interest. Kantale tank being an IBA (Important Bird Area), the area has the potential for eco- tourism.

74. Trincomalee district also has a large number of sites of historic values. Most of them are Buddhist temples including Seruwila, Galmetiyawa, Tiriyaya, Eramaduwa, Periyakulam, Atabendiwewa, Gantalawa (Sri Agbo Raja Maha Vihara), etc. Hot Water wells at Kanniya are also a very famous place among tourists.

Chapter 4: Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.1. Pre construction and Construction Phase

Removal of temporary structures built close to the existing road edge

75. As per the design details of the Highway Design Division of RDA, around 20 temporary and 13 permanent structures may get affected mainly due to improvements to horizontal alignment. Further, 9 bus halts and 4 common property structures may need to be reconstructed. A list of affected structures is presented in annexure 4.1.

76. When removing these structures, it will temporarily disturb business activities and habitual life of residents of affected structures. Also during the road construction period these people will not be able to continue their business activities, leading to an impact on their livelihood activities.

77. Compensating project affected persons in line with Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies of World Bank and National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP); providing labor to shift and restore the structure beyond the required land area; restoration of any public property (places of worship and bus stops) that may get damaged accidentally in consultation with religious leaders and the community of the area will mitigate this impact.

Impacts on physical cultural resources

78. All observed religious sites are located outside new formation width for this section of highway. However care should be taken to avoid any accidental damages to the structures, especially when operating construction vehicles.

Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and construction waste

79. Erosion and siltation of streams and water ways close to the highway section could occur if;  un-compacted earth surfaces or soil dumps are left exposed for a longer time period  they are placed near water bodies such as Kanthale Tank  and if the construction activities are carried out during the heavy rains without building silt traps or silt ponds. Eroded sediments could drift away and get silted up in the existing side drains, adjoining streams and irrigation canals.

80. Untreated waste water from service yards, worker camps containing soap, oil, grease and other chemicals could affect both surface and ground water quality in nearby water resources if they are directly discharged in to nearby streams or water bodies (without treatment).

81. Emissions/ leakages of bitumen and other chemicals from their storage facilities could contaminate both surface and ground water resources.

82. The contractor should take following measures to avoid such impacts on water quality;  No soil dumps should be kept at site for longer durations;  If they are kept for a longer duration they should be covered with tarpaulin sheets;  Temporary stock piles should not be kept near water bodies;  Runoff from construction sites (especially locations at which earth work commences) should be directed through silt traps or catch pits before discharging in to water bodies;  Contractor should avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations during heavy rain seasons from November to December;  All waste water from construction yards and worker camps should be treated before discharging in to nearby lands or water bodies;  All machinery should be well maintained to avoid any leakages of oil, grease or fuel;

 All chemical material, bitumen and fuel should be stored in enclosures having concrete floors and roofing;  Avoid runoff of storm water flowing through places where chemicals, bitumen and fuel are stored.

Alteration of existing surface water hydrology

83. During repairing, widening or reconstruction of the culverts and bridges it will be required to temporarily divert the existing water flow from construction area. Although these diversions are temporary the impact would be significant and permanent in nature if the sand bags, planks used for such diversions are let at site even after the construction work. Also if diversions in irrigation canals are done during cultivation periods (i.e. at land preparation stage) it will affect the cultivation activities.

84. Following measures are proposed in order to avoid the impacts on existing surface water hydrology;  Contractor should not close or block existing waterways permanently;  If diversion, closure or blocking of waterways is required for the execution of work, contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writing;  Contractor shall also consult the relevant agency such as Department of Irrigation (DI)/Agrarian Services Department (ASD)/Divisional Secretary (DS) prior to such action is taken;  Contractor shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the Engineer  Contractors shall restore the drainage path backed to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required;  The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and drainage paths are not blocked;

Occurrence of flood condition

85. Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. New culverts should be constructed at locations where existing cross drainage is found to be inadequate.

86. If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities (during construction activities), contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property.

87. Contractor shall compensate all affected parties for any loss of income or damage as a result such flood that occurred due to any construction work. Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone areas.

Impacts on available water resources

88. Scarcity of water for construction purposes and labour camps will an issue as this section of highway is located in the dry zone. Competition for water will occur during the dry period if contractor utilizes public water sources such as common wells, streams to harvest water for construction activities and labour camps. If contractor uses open surface water sources which are used by wildlife it will adversely affect the wildlife (especially during dry season).

89. This impact could be avoided by using sources of water that are distinct from such sensitive areas and obtaining agreements with the local community for the sources that are used. Due to the scarcity of water the contractor should make every effort to minimize wastage of water in the construction process/operations by reusing water as much as possible, utilizing only the required amount of water for the

33 construction works etc. The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water conservation.

90. All approvals should be obtained if contractor intends to use public water supply schemes. Such extraction (if approved) should be under direct supervision of the engineer. Extraction of water by the contractor for the project purposes shall comply with the guidelines and instructions issued by relevant authority.

91. Construction over and close to the seasonal streams shall be undertaken in the dry season. Construction over the irrigation canals will be undertaken under necessary permission from the Department of Irrigation. The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the said natural sources of water shall be made good entirely by the contractor.

Increase of local air pollution, noise and vibration

92. Construction activities such as earthworks, operations at quarry, crusher, Asphalt Plant and batching plants and machineries will emit dust and obnoxious gases that could pollute the atmosphere. Especially the emission of dust will be a nuisance to the public in settlement areas, religious places as well as to wildlife. Prolong exposure to dust could lead to health problems such as Asthma.

93. Blasting activities at quarry; operations at crusher, asphalt and batching plants; use of vibrator rollers and other construction machinery will generate noise and vibration. The level of noise will be high if the machinery is not maintained properly. In general as this section of highway passes through low noise area, if high levels of noise and vibration is generated due construction it will be a nuisance to the public and for the wildlife in the project area.

94. Following locations along the highway section will be vulnerable to high noise levels and vibration; Schools at chainages 161+600 km,

171+600 km, 189+900 km, 195+000 km, 196+600 km, 198+000 km and places of worship at chainage 161+600 km, 163+400 km, 167+800 km, 170+000 km, 171+700 km, 174+700 km, 177+100 km, 178+200 km, 180+400 km, 183+100 km, 183+200 km, 186+800 km, 188+900 km, 190+900 km, 192+800 km, 195+800 km, 196+400 km; settlement areas near Kanthale town area (chainage 160+000 km), at Thambalagamum town area (chainage 170+000 km) and Trincomalee town at chainage 200+000 km; Navel Head Works sanctuary (chainage 167+500 km to 184+700 km).

95. The impacts of construction noise, vibration and emissions could be reduced by;  ensuring that construction plant and equipment is maintained to a high operable standards  exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in a high serviceable condition;  limiting operations to times when they have least nusance to public and wildlife (construction activities that cause high noise levels should not be carried out during night time);  roadway blasting (if required) shall be carried out only with permission of the Engineer and under supervision of the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted by the Engineer;  providing advance notice to the public on blasting activities (especially to the public within 500 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions;  people, except those who actually light the fuse shall be evacuated from the area of 200 m (50 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions at least 10m minutes before the blasting;  use of chemical blasting should be considered for roadway blasting near settlements and other noise and vibration sensitive areas.

Impacts on fauna and flora

96. There are around 20 trees located very close to the existing pavement edge on either side of this section of AKT highway. These trees will be removed for widening of the pavement and construction of hard shoulders. Labourers will try to hunt animals in the sanctuary and forest area. The construction noise may affect the habits of wildlife. Animals may get hit by construction machinery.

97. Removal of road side trees should be in consultation with the relevant authorities and removed trees must be handed over to the Timber Corporation. It is proposed to plant appropriate tree species {eg. Azadiracta indica (Kohomba), siyambala (Tamrindus indica) palu (Manilkara hexandra)} at suitable locations as a compensatory replanting program. Also all works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or disruption to the both terrestrial and aquatic fauna and their habitats is minimal. Any guidelines stipulated by the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) and Forest Deportment should also be adhered when construction activities are carried out near Nevel Head Works sanctuary and Kanthale forest reserve.

98. If accidental spillage of toxic or hazardous material take place within the bay it may lead to contamination of brackish water body that houses aquatic fauna and flora. In order to mitigate this impact no solid waste or spoil dumping sites and worker camps should be located within the sections close to bay (from 196+900 km to 197+300 km and 198+00 km to 199+000 km). All necessary measures specified in the EMP to mitigate deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff, emissions and spoils from construction and worker camps should be followed.

99. In chance of any rare, threatened or endangered species of flora/ fauna is found, it should be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor, for necessary action. Also other measures as per the EMP should be followed.

Impacts to Utilities and Roadside Amenities

100. Prior consultation and consent should be taken from relevant service provider if sections of utility lines need to be shifted due to design requirements or shift in alignment. Based on the design details approximately 432 telephone posts, 294 electricity posts and 3 high tension electric posts need to be shifted. Unless specified by the engineer the contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were removed/ relocated during the construction. Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional purposes of utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts (especially within town areas). The arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be informed to the Engineer in writing (advance work). Contractor shall assist the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimize disruption to such services. In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall immediately inform the service provider and help to restore the service without delay. Furthermore, special attention should be paid at locations mentioned in the EMP.

Extraction and Transportation of Construction Materials

101. There are metal, sand quarries and burrow pits existing in the project area (especially close to Trincomalee town area). If they are still operated, they can be used as a source of metal, sand and soil. However potential impacts may include noise and vibration from quarrying, induced slope failure, damage to private property and negative visual impacts. These negative impacts could be mitigated by using quarries near or in the project area registered under GSMB, or where necessary opening new quarries in compliance with requirements of the GSMB.

102. If borrow sites are to be established, it will be with the consultation with concerned authorities and local community to avoid/ minimize any damage to cultivable land, ponding of borrow pits and negative visual impacts. Contractor should make arrangements to restore such material extraction sites. This could be achieved by replacement of topsoil with landscaping and replanting.

103. The transportation of materials from extraction sites to the construction sites can potentially cause disturbances to local traffic, damage minor roads, and increase dust and noise nuisance. These impacts could be minimized through; advising the contractor to select material extraction sites that have roads that have capacity to be used by heavy trucks, and keeping provisions for repairing and restoration of such roads by the contractor in the contract document, use of covers over transported materials to guard against dust blow and water spraying to dampen the surface. The contractor should not allow any overloading of materials in to the trucks and ensure that no undue spillage of material take place during transportation.

Compaction of Soil

104. Confining the movement and stationing of vehicles and plant within the construction area, vehicle parking and servicing yards, clearly marking boundaries of the working area and limiting vehicles to sites on private land where proper leases have been negotiated or state land where appropriate clearance have been obtained will mitigate the impacts of compaction of soil beyond the area of construction.

Sanitation and safety at worker camps, work sites and disposal of spoil

105. Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by engineer and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA/ Local Authority (LA). However, no labor camp or yard shall located within 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or Forest Dapartment, near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archeological importance and schools.

106. Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance in a labour camp or construction site to the engineer and the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI)

38 of the area immediately. Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if any.

107. Labor camps should be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/ watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided at camps and regularly emptied to approved disposal locations. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant authorities. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/ LA shall be strictly adhered to.

108. Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors. Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. Contractor should remove all labor camps fully after its need is over, empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore the area back to its former condition.

Impacts due to migrant labour

109. All possibilities should be considered to secure labour from areas close to construction sites; there by the necessity of setting up labour camps could be avoided. If labour is to be brought from outside locations, strict labour supervision is required to avoid any conflicts arising due to migrant labour. Awareness program should be conducted at worker camps on sanitation and diseases to avoid any worker camp waste being disposed at settlement areas and to avoid any disease spread.

Disruption to traffic and traffic control

110. Following measures should be considered to minimize the impacts on existing traffic;

 Detailed traffic control plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for approval at least seven (7) days prior to commencement of works;  The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day;  If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police;  Providing advance information to the public about the planned construction works;  Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially near town areas and schools;  Special beacon lights, sign boards, barricade taps should be used to demarcate the working areas with adequate visibility during night time and other time of low visibility;  On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer.  The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow the Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) guidelines and instructions given by the Police;  Informing the public through newspapers/ announcements/ radio/ TV etc., about the construction activities to avoid any inconvenience due to the construction activities.

Site Safety

111. Even with standard safety measures in place life threatening accidents could occur during construction. Therefore, the contractor should take every precaution to avoid any accidents. The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the international labor organization (ILO) convention No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent

40 that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. Awareness programs on safety should be conducted by the contractor and a Safety officer should be appointed by the contractor.

112. All nearest hospitals should be informed about the construction activities and the contractor should maintain a first aid room at quarry, plant sites, yard, labour camp sites and construction areas. It is advisable to have an ambulance to take any injured worker/ workers to the nearest hospital.

4.2. Screening of potential impacts during operational stage

Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris

113. Regular clearing and maintenance of all culverts should be done to reduce the chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of RDA should be followed to maintain the road drainage.

Impacts to fauna within the section along the sanctuary and forest areas

114. With the increase of traffic flow at higher speeds there is a potential of animals getting hit by vehicles. Elephants, other small mammals and birds such as pea fowls are the most vulnerable species for such accidents. In order to avoid these impacts to the fauna, it is important to place warning signs especially within the section of the road that passes along sanctuary and forest areas and other identified animal crossings located adjacent to the road. Advance sign posts should be placed at least 1 km before approaching the area in order for the drivers to be more vigilant and reduce speed.

Encochement in to the ROW

115. As a result of encroachment the road users encounter inconvenience as there will be limited space for emergency parking/cycle lanes, walkways, bus bays, parking bays and rest area. Therefore continuous monitoring and strict regulations should be followed to avoid any encroachment. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of Chief Engineer and Provincial Director (Eastern Province) should conduct regular checking along the road and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW.

4.3 Beneficial impacts due to improvement of Kanthale – Trincomalee section of AKT highway

Improved safety of highway users

116. Improvements to the road surface and road geometry will be conducive to safe vehicle driving at higher speeds. This will greatly reduce the travel time taken for a vehicle to move from Kanthale to Trincomalee and vice versa.

Improved opportunities to transport agriculture, livestock and fish products

117. The improved pavement surface will allow a smooth passage for trucks and lorries that transport agriculture, livestock and fish products. Thus post harvest losses due to transportation of products from Trincomalee area to other parts of the country could be reduced.

Chapter 5: Public Consultation and Participation Process

118. As part of the field study public consultation were also conducted during August and September in 2009, however this report also include a summary of the public consultation which was conducted under National Highway Sector Project (as the initial scope was from Habarana to Trincomalee of AKT highway).

119. As part of these visits the Divisional Secretaries of DSDs where the road traverses was met to brief about the planned improvement of Kanthale- Trincomalee road section of A006 Highway. Around twenty stakeholders (APs, road users, three wheeler drivers, lorry drivers and farmers) were consulted as a part of the public consultation process.

120. Public consultation process includes both primary and secondary stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders are Government officers, government institutions that are involved in resettlement, project preparation and implementation. Among them the Divisional Secretaries and Grama Niladaries of Trincomalee, Tambalagamuwa and Kantale DSDs could be considered as the key stakeholders for this project. According to them improvement of the highway section will create good market to the agricultural producers in the area. In their view some issues regarding compensation will occur in road sections where land acquisition may be necessary. However, they agreed to give their maximum support to make the project a success if the land acquisition is necessary. Further they are concerned about the poor construction of road and requested to hire reputed company for road constructions. They added it is better to explore possibilities to recruit local labor in construction activities.

121. Irrigation department, DWLC and Department of Forest were contacted in order to get their views regarding the road improvement project. The Department of Forest asked to submit the details of rehabilitation including the proposed ROW and to collaborate with Department of Forestry in conducting the tree surveys. The Assistant Director of Department of Wild Life stated if the proposed development

43 is within the RDA road reservations there is no objection to development and if the reserve areas are used for transportation, earth extraction etc. the approval should be sought.

122. Affected people, key persons of affected Institutions and road users were identified as the primary stakeholders. The residents and people engaging in commercial activities along the road corridor have enough space to shift back their structures if the ROW will be expanded. However, they requested necessary assistance for their lost assets. They also expect that the infrastructure facilities of this area will be developed along with the project. They pointed out that the transportation facilities will be improved, as a result of the development of the road. Some residents along the road corridor were keen to explore employment opportunities from the road project, as many of them are daily paid laborers.

123. People who live in the road section, which belong to Trincomalee District are engaged in agricultural activities. Farmers were very supportive to the project. They said road development will create good market for their agricultural products. Farmers and small producers sell their production in urban area. They transport production using lorry, truck, tractor, motor bike, etc. Road improvement will lower cost for their production by reducing travel time, reducing fuel and vehicle operating costs. Road development will encourage the farmers to sell their products to distant markets. Especially road development will help them to transport their agricultural products to Trincomalee.

124. The road users (vehicle owners, drivers, commuters and pedestrians) are supportive to the project. However, the pedestrians are concerned about their safety and would want signboards and other road furniture. From the discussions the study team identified that bicycle is the most commonly used mode of transportation in this area. Therefore, people are concerned over providing cycle lanes in the project design. They also expressed their views on inefficiency of transportation system and stated that they believe the transportation facilities will be developed with the road project.

125. Seven temples, six schools, four shrines, three mosques, one kovil, one church and a Bo tree were observed along the road corridor during the reconnaissance survey. The caretakers of common properties are supportive to the project. But they requested to minimize damage to these properties.

5.1 Information Disclosure

126. Disclosure of information at an early stage of the project has many benefits such as to negate any objections by the public towards the project, avoid misinformation getting in to the APs through agitating groups and some NGOs. While disclosure of information can be done through the Divisional Secretariats and the Grama Niladari (village administrative officer) of the area, Farmer Based Organizations (FBOs) and village societies are also possible sources of disseminating project related information. Village leaders such as the head priest of the temple can be resource person for such an activity. The use of mass media to advertise the availability of the report could help information disclosure to other interested groups outside the project area. Copies of this report will be kept at the project office and at all affected DSDs. During the initial field investigations the team consulted the public for their concerns on the development works and list of public consultations is attached in annexure 5.1.

5.2 Grievance redress mechanisms

127. When construction work commences of the sections of this road which passes through settlement areas, public may face the following difficulties;

 Dust generated due to clearing and grubbing work  Noise nuisance  Vibration and cracking of walls and structures  Loss of access to by roads

128. Although there will be an EMP to mitigate above impacts and other impacts that arise during construction, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) should be in place to assist the public to cover come these issues. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) could be formulated comprising of the following members; i.e. Divisional Secretariat or a representative, member form an NGO, member from the affected community. Also a team comprising a member from the employer, engineer and contractor should be formulated to look in to grievances of the public and to resolve them. Any such public complaint should be addressed to a nominated personal of the employer, engineer or contractor. A complaint register should be maintained at offices of the employer, engineer or contractor and the action taken should be clearly recorded.

5.3 Identified Project Beneficiaries and their views

School Children 129. The consulted communities during the study agreed that children who are attending to schools outside their villages will greatly benefit from road improvement as a result of shorter travel time.

Farmers and small producers 130. Farmers and small producers sell their production in urban area. They transport production using lorry, truck, tractor, motor bike, etc. Road improvement will be reduced travel time and lower cost for their production by reducing fuel and vehicle operating costs. And reduce post harvest losses during transportation.

Fishing Communities 131. The road will be useful for fishing communities to transport fish within less time to markets outside the project area.

Vehicle operators 132. Road improvement will lead to benefited for vehicle operators by reducing vehicle operating cost and lower fuel consumption.

Vulnerable households 133. Very old people, disable people and widows due to war, retired government employees, etc. who travel to Divisional Secretariat offices or to post offices to receive their monthly allowances are in favour of the project as it will ease their transportation problems. Pregnant mothers who have to travel to hospitals for pre and post natal care would also benefit from the project.

People who needs official government papers 134. People should have to travel to Divisional Secretariat offices to get their birth certificates, marriage certificates, other government documents especially for local and overseas employment. These people will be benefited from the road improvement by shorter travel time to process their documentation.

Chapter 6: Institutional responsibilities and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

6.1 Institutional Requirements and Environmental Management Plan

135. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed to avoid/ minimize the adverse impacts to the physical, biological and social environments during preconstruction, construction and operational stages of the project. The EMP presented in annexure 6.1 has been prepared for the highway section from Kanthale (157km) to Trincomalee (200km) of AKT highway6.

136. The two EMPs presented as annexure 6.1 (a) and 6.1 (b) should form part of the bid documents of the respective packages. Implementation of the EMP will be the responsibility of the contractor/s and the PMU with the assistance of Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will oversee the effectiveness of the implementation of the EMP. On behalf of the RDA the ESD will act as an independent monitor directly reporting to the General Manager, RDA.

137. The Environment Monitoring Plan (EMoP) is developed based on the project cycle which is given in annexure 6.2. Separate EMoPs have been prepared and annexed with this report for each construction package as Annexure 6.2a and 6.2b. During the pre-construction phase it is important to measure and record baseline condition of air, water quality and noise levels. The baseline information could be used to compare the changes in quality levels during construction and operational phases. Baseline data on selected environmental parameters have already being collected through National Building & Research Organization (NBRO) during June 2010. This information is presented as annexure 6.3. This baseline information could be used to compare the changes in quality levels during construction and operational phases. Such a comparison will reflect how effective the EMP is and help to

6 Construction works will commence under two packages as given in section 2.6 of this report. Therefore the EMP was separated in to two (2) packages.

48 revise it to rectify any shortcomings that will cause any adverse impacts. It is expected that RDA will provide adequate budgetary support to ESD to ensure timely and adequate monitoring of environmental mitigation and other environmental management activities.

Chapter 7: Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions

138. This study was undertaken to prepare an environmental assessment report and an EMP for rehabilitation and upgrading of Kanthale (157km) to Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 highway.

139. The adverse environmental and social impacts from the improvements will take place during the construction and are related to such work. However, the beneficial impacts clearly out lie the adverse impacts. This assessment concludes that the project will not cause significant environmental and social problems and the potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures stated in the EMP.

140. As the Kanthale – Trincomalee section which is the terminal section of the A006 highway is highly deteriorated and does not provide a safe driving condition to the traffic, the improvement of this road section is a timely need in assisting the economic and social development of the project area as well as the country providing efficient and safe road while preserving the nature.

Chapter 8: References

 Arc View Themes; scale 1:25000, Roads, Sri Lanka Outline- Survey Department of Sri Lanka  Annual Report 2009, Central Bank of Sri Lanka  Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka, Central Environmental Authority, 2005  National Environmental Act; Subsidiary Legislation, 2003 (Unofficial Copy)  “Randora”, National Infrastructure Development Program of the Government of Sri Lanka, 2006  Road Development Authority, Ministry of Highways and Road Development, Ex Gratia Package for the People Affected by Road Projects  Road Development Authority; Standard Specifications for Construction & Maintenance of Roads & Bridges, 1989  Senarathna, L.K. (2001). A checklist of the flowering plants of Sri Lanka  Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey, Annual Report with district and provincial data-2007  The 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka  Topographic map sheets (1:50000 scale); Department of Survey: Kaudulla sheet No 32, Trincomalee sheet No 28, Horowpathana sheet No 27  WB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2007)  World Road Statistics, International Road Federation,(2001)  http://www.archaeology.gov.lk  http://www.dwlc.lk (acessed on 14/12/2009)  Important Bird Area factsheet: Kantale Tank, Sri Lanka. Downloaded from the Data Zone at http://www.birdlife.org acessed on 14/12/2009).  http://www.statistics.gov.lk)/agriculture/Paddy%20Statistics/Pad dyStatsPages/2008YalaI.pdf)

Location and Land Use Map Rehabilitation and Improvement of Kanthale – Trincomalee section of A006 Highway

Annexure 2.1

Annexure 3.1 Drainage Map Kantale (160km) to Trincomalee (200 km) road section of Ambepussa – Kurunegala –

Trincomalee (A006) Highway

Annexure 3.2

Terrestrial and Aquatic Floral species recorded in A006 highway

Abbreviations

HA – Habit E – Endemic FP – Secondary Forest and Forest Plantation

H – Herb TR – Threatened RS – Roadside Vegetation

C – Climber or Creeper TS – Taxonomic status WB– Water bodies

T – Tree N– Native PF – Paddy Fields

S – Shrub CC– Chena Cultivations

I – Introduced HG–Home gardens

Ep – Epiphyte PL- Crop Plantations

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Hygrophola Acanthaceae schulli Niramulliya H N 1 1

Amaranthace Achyranthes Gas Karal ae aspera Heba H N 1 1 1 1

Amaranthace ae Aerva lanata Pol Pala H N 1 1 1 1

Amaranthace Alternanthera Mukunuwenn ae sessilis a H N 1 1

Anacardiacea Anacardium e occidentale Cadju T I 1

Anacardiacea Lannea e coromandelica Hik T N 1 1 1 1

Anacardiacea e Mangifera indica Amba T I 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Annonaceae Polyalthia korinti Ulkenda S N 1

Polyalthia Annonaceae longifolia Ovila T N 1 1

Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana T N 1

Apocynaceae Carissa spinarum Heen Karaba C N 1 1 1 1

Ichnocarpus Apocynaceae frutescens C N 1 1 1

Thevetia Apocynaceae peruviana Kaha Kaneru T I 1 1

Arecaceae Areca catechu Puwak T N 1

Borassus Arecaceae flabellifer Tal T I 1 1

Arecaceae Calamus rotang Heen Wewel C N 1 1

Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Pol T N 1

Arecaceae Phoenix pusilla Indi T N 1 1

Asclepiadace Calotropis ae gigantea Wara S N 1 1 1 1

Asclepiadace Pergularia ae daemia C N 1 1

Asparagacea Asparagus e racemosus Hatawariya C N 1

Ageratum Asteraceae conyzoides Hulan Tala H I 1 1 1 1

Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Kikirindiya H N 1 1

Eupatorium Podisinnama Asteraceae odoratum ran S I 1 1 1 1

Gomphrena Asteraceae celosioides H I 1 1 1

Asteraceae Mikania cordata Watu Palu H N 1 1 1 1 1

Asteraceae H N 1 1 Sphaeranthus Mudu

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

indicus Mahana

Tridax Asteraceae procumbens H I 1 1

Monara 1 Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Kudumbiya H N 1 1 1 1

Vernonia 1 Asteraceae zeylanica Pupula C E 1

Asteraceae Xanthium indicum Agada H N 1 1

Stereospermum Bignoniaceae colais Dunumadala T N 1 1 1

Bombacacea e Ceiba pentandra Pulun T I 1 1

Boraginaceae Carmona retusa S N 1 1

Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma Lolu T N 1

Heliotropium Boraginaceae indicum Ath Honda H N 1 1

Capparis Capparaceae zeylanica C N 1

Capparaceae Cleome viscosa Wal Aba H N 1 1 1 1

Casuarinacea Casuarina e equisetifolia Kassa T I 1 1

Celastraceae Cassine glauca Neralu T E 1

Clusiaceae Garcinia spicata Ela Gokatu T N 1 1

Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba Niyagala C N 1 1

Combretacea e Terminalia arjuna Kumbuk T N 1

Combretacea Terminalia e catappa Kottan T I 1 1

Commelinace ae Commelina sp. Gira Pala H N 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Connarus Connaraceae monocarpus Radaliya C N 1

Convolvulace Argyreia ae osyrensis C N 1 1

Convolvulace Evolvulus Vishnu ae alsinoides Kranthi H N 1

Convolvulace ae Ipomoea aquatica Kankung C N 1

Convolvulace ae Ipomoea obscura Tal Kola C N 1 1

Convolvulace Ipomoea pes- ae tigridis Divi Adiya C N

Convolvulace Merremia ae tridentata Heen Madu C N 1

Cucurbitacea e Coccinia grandis Kowakka C N 1

Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus Kaladuru H N 1 1 1 1 1

Cyperaceae Cyperus sp. H N 1 1

Cyperaceae Eleocharis sp. H N 1 1

Cyperaceae Fimbristylis sp. H N 1 1

Ebenaceae Diospyros affinis T N 1

Ebenaceae Diospyros ferrea Kalu Habara T N 1

Diospyros 1 Ebenaceae malabarica Timbiri T N 1

Diospyros Ebenaceae ovalifolia Kunumella T N 1

Ebenaceae Diospyros sp. T N 1

Euphorbiacea e Acalypha indica Kuppameniya H N 1 1 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea e Bridelia retusa Ketakela T N 1 1 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Euphorbiacea Croton e bonplandianus H I 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea e Croton hirtus H I 1 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea e Croton laccifer Keppetiya S N 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea Dimorphocalyx e glabellus Weli Wenna T N 1

Euphorbiacea e Drypetes sepiaria Wira T N 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea Hevea 1 e brasiliensis rubber

Euphorbiacea Flueggea e leucopyrus Katu Pila S N 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea e Jatropha curcas Weta Endaru T I 1 1

Euphorbiacea Mallotus e rhamnifolius T N 1

Euphorbiacea Margaritaria e indicus Karaw T N 1 1

Euphorbiacea Phyllanthus e polyphyllus Kuratiya T N 1 1

Euphorbiacea Phyllanthus e reticulatus Kaila S N 1

Euphorbiacea Ricinus e communis Endaru S I 1 1 1

Euphorbiacea Wel e Tragia plukenetii Kambiliya C N 1

Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Olida C N 1 1 1

Acacia Fabaceae melanoxylon Acacia T I 1 1 1

Adenanthera Fabaceae pavonina Madatiya T I 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Aeschynomene Diya Fabaceae indica Siyambala H N 1

Albizia Fabaceae odoratissima Suruya Mara T N 1

Alysicarpus Fabaceae vaginalis Aswanna H N 1 1

Bauhinia Fabaceae racemosa Maila T N 1 1 1 1

Bauhinia Fabaceae tomentosa Petan T N 1

Fabaceae Cassia auriculata Ranawara T N 1 1

Fabaceae Cassia fistula Ahala T N 1 1 1

Cassia Fabaceae occidentalis Ath Tora S N 1 1 1 1

Fabaceae Cassia roxburghii Wa T N 1 1 1

Fabaceae Cassia spectabilis Kaha Kona T I 1 1

Fabaceae Cassia tora Pani Tora H N 1 1 1

Crotalaria Fabaceae laburnifolia H N 1 1 1 1

Crotalaria Fabaceae verrucosa H N 1 1

Fabaceae Delonix regia Mai Mara T I 1

Fabaceae Derris parviflora Kala Wel C E 1

Fabaceae Derris scandens Bo Kala Wel C N 1

Desmodium Heen Fabaceae triflorum Undupiyaliya H N 1 1 1 1 1

Dichrostachys Fabaceae cinerea Andara T N 1 1

Erythrina Fabaceae variegata Erabadu T N 1

Fabaceae Gliricidia sepium Weta Mara T I 1 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Leucaena Fabaceae leucocephala Ipil Ipil T I 1 1 1

Macroptilium Fabaceae lathyroides H N 1

Fabaceae Mimosa pudica Nidikumba H I 1 1 1 1 1

Neptunia Diya Fabaceae oleracea Nidikumba H N 1

Peltophorum Fabaceae pterocarpum Kaha Mara T N 1

Pongamia Fabaceae pinnata Karada T N 1

Pterocarpus Fabaceae indicus Wal Ehela T I 1 1

Fabaceae Samanea saman Para Mara T I 1

Tamarindus Fabaceae indica Siymbala T I 1 1 1

Tephrosia Fabaceae purpurea Pila H N 1 1 1 1

Fabaceae Tephrosia villosa Bu Pila H N 1

Hippocrateac eae Reissantia indica C N 1

Hippocrateac eae Salacia sp. Himbutu Wel C N 1

Hyptis Lamiaceae suaveolens Madurutala H I 1 1 1 1

Lamiaceae Leucas zeylanica Thumba H N 1 1 1

Ocimum Heen Lamiaceae americanum Maduruthala H I 1 1 1 1

Ocimum Maha Lamiaceae gratissimum Madurutala H N 1 1 1 1

Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa Bomee T N 1

Linaceae Hugonia mystax C N 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Strychnos nux- Loganiaceae vomica Goda Kaduru T N 1 1

Strychnos Loganiaceae potatotum Ingini T N 1

Dendrophthoe E Loranthaceae falcata Pilila p N 1 1 1 1

Malpighiacea Hiptage e benghalensis C N 1 1

Malvaceae Abutilon indicum S N 1 1 1 1

Hibiscus Malvaceae eriocarpus Kapukinissa T N 1

Hibiscus Malvaceae micranthus H N 1 1 1

Hibiscus Heen Malvaceae surattensis Napiritta C N 1

Malvaceae Hibiscus vitifolius H N 1 1 1

Malvaceae Sida acuta Gas Bevila H N 1 1 1 1 1

Thespesia Malvaceae populnea Suruya T N 1 1 1

Malvaceae Urena lobata Epala S N 1 1 1 1 1

Marsilia Marsiliaceae quadrifolia H N 1 1

Martyniaceae Martynia annua Nagadarana H I 1 1

Melastomatac Memecylon eae umbellatum Kora Kaha S N 1

Azadirachta Meliaceae indica Kohomba T N 1 1 1 1

Meliaceae Melia azedarach Lunu Midella T N 1 1

Walsura Meliaceae trifoliolata Kiri Koon T N 1

Pachygone ovata C N 1 Menispermac

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L eae

Artocarpus Moraceae heterophyllus Kos T I 1

Artocarpus Moraceae incisus Del T I 1

Ficus Moraceae benghalensis Nuga T N 1 1

Moraceae Ficus racemosa Attikka T N 1

Moraceae Ficus religiosa Bo T N 1

Moraceae Ficus sp. Nuga T N 1 1

Moraceae Ficus tinctoria Wal Ehetu T N 1 1

Moraceae Ficus verens Ehetu T N 1

Moraceae Streblus asper Nitulla T N 1 1 1

Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Murunga T I 1 1 1

Musa x Musaceae paradisiaca Kesel T I 1 1

Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus T I 1 1 1

Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Pera T I 1

Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Madan T N 1 1 1

Nyctaginacea e Boerhavia diffusa H N 1 1

Nymphaeace Nymphaea ae pubescens Olu H N 1

Jasminum Oleaceae angustifolium C N 1 1

Ludwigia Beru Onagraceae adscendens Diyanilla C N 1

Ludwigia Onagraceae perennis H N 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

E Orchidaceae Vanda tessellata p N 1

Passifloracea e Passiflora foetida C I 1 1 1 1

Hemidesmus Periplocaceae indicus Iramusu C N 1 1 1

Poaceae Cynodon dactylon H N 1 1 1 1

Imperata Poaceae cylindrica Iluk H N 1 1 1 1

Poaceae Oryza sativa Wi H N 1

Panicum Poaceae maximum Rata Tana H I 1 1 1 1 1

Poaceae Panicum repens Etora H N 1 1

Poaceae Zea mays Bada iringu H I 1

Rhamnaceae Scutia myrtina C N 1

Ventilago Rhamnaceae madraspatana C N 1 1

Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia Eraminiya C N 1 1 1 1

Benkara Rubiaceae malabarica T N 1

Canthium Rubiaceae coromandelicum Kara T N 1

Catunaregam Rubiaceae spinosa Kukuruman T N 1 1

Rubiaceae Haldina cordifolia Kolon T N 1 1 1 1

Rubiaceae Ixora pavetta T N 1

Mitragyna Rubiaceae tubulosa Helamba T N 1 1 1 1

Rubiaceae Morinda coreia Ahu T N 1 1 1

Mussaenda Rubiaceae frondosa Mussanda S N 1 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Psilanthus Rubiaceae wightianus S N 1

Rubiaceae Tarenna asiatica Tarana S N 1

Rutaceae Aegle Marmelos Beli T I 1

Atalantia Rutaceae monophylla Yki Naran T N 1

Chloroxylon Rutaceae swietenia Buruta T N 1 1 1 1

Gon Rutaceae Clausena indica Karapincha S N 1 1

Glycosmis Rutaceae mauritiana S N 1 1

Glycosmis Rutaceae pentaphylla Dodam Pana S N 1 1

Limonia Rutaceae acidissima Divul T N 1 1 1 1

Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Karapincha S N 1 1

Paramignya Rutaceae monophylla Wellangiriya C N 1

Pleiospermium Tumpath Rutaceae alatum Kurudu T N 1

Rutaceae Toddalia asiatica Kudu Miris C N 1 1 1

Salvadoracea Azima e tetracantha S N

Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta Salviniya H I 1

Sapindaceae Allophylus cobbe Kobbe S N 1 1

Cardiospermum Sapindaceae halicacabum Wel Penela C N 1 1 1 1

Dimocarpus Sapindaceae longan Mora T N 1

Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens Pihimbiya T N 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Lepisanthes Sapindaceae tetraphylla Dabu T N 1 1 1

Sapindus Sapindaceae emarginata Kaha Penela T N 1 1

Schleichera Sapindaceae oleosa Koon T N 1 1 1 1

Madhuca Sapotaceae longifolia Mi T N 1 1 1

Manilkara Sapotaceae hexandra Palu T N 1 1 1

Scrophulariac Wal eae Scoparia dulcis Kottamalli H I 1 1 1

Solanaceae Datura metel Kalu Attana H N 1 1 1

Physalis Solanaceae micrantha Mottu H N 1 1

Pterospermum Sterculiaceae suberifolium Welan T N 1 1 1

Sterculiaceae Sterculia foedida Telambu T N 1 1

Sterculiaceae Waltheria indica H N 1 1

Tiliaceae Berrya cordifolia Halmilla T N 1 1

Diplodiscus Tiliaceae verrucosus Dik Wenna T E 1 1

Tiliaceae Grewia damine Daminiya T N 1 1

Grewia Bora Tiliaceae helicterifolia Daminiya T N 1 1

Tiliaceae Grewia orientalis S N 1 1

Muntingia Tiliaceae calabura Jam T I 1

Holoptelea Ulmaceae integrifolia Gada Kirilla T N 1 1 1

Ulmaceae Trema orientalis Gadumba T N 1 1

H T F R W P C H P Family Species Local Name A S P S B F C G L

Verbenaceae Gmelina asiatica Demata S N 1

Verbenaceae Lantana camara Gandapana S I 1 1 1 1

Premna Verbenaceae tomentosa Seru T N 1 1

Stachytarpheta Verbenaceae jamaicensis Balu Nakura H I 1 1 1

Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Tekka T I 1 1 1

Verbenaceae Vitex altissima Milla T N 1 1 1 1

Cissus Vitaceae quadrangularis Heressa C N 1 1

Vitaceae Cissus vitiginea C N 1

Terrestrial and aquatic fauna found in the A006 Road. Abbreviations. +---> Present

HG–Home gardens PF – Paddy Fields FP- Secondary Forest and Forest Plantation

CL– cultivated lands WB– Water bodies

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Class: INSECTA

Family: Papilionidae

Papilio polyes Common mormon Indigenous + + +

Pachliopta hector Crimson rose Indigenous + + +

Papilio polymnestor Blue mormon Indigenous + + +

Family: Pieridae

Erema hecabe Common grass yellow Indigenous + + +

Delias eucharis Jezebel Indigenous + + +

Catopsilia pomona Lemon migrant Indigenous + + + +

Eurema brigitta Small grass yellow Indigenous + +

Family: Danaidae

Euploea core Common crow Indigenous + + +

Danaus genutia Common tiger Indigenous + + + +

Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger Indigenous + +

Family: Acraeidae

Acraea violae Tawny coster Indigenous + +

Class- Ostecthyes Bony fishes

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Family- Anabantidae

Anabas testudineus Climbing perch Indigenous +

CLASS: AMPHBIA

Family– Bufonidae

Bufo melanostictus Common house toad Indigenous +

Family– Ranidae

Limnonectes limnocharis Common paddy field + + frog Indigenous

Family–Microhylidae

Uperodon systoma Baloon frog Indigenous +

Class: REPTILIIA

Family: Agamidae

Calotes calotes Green garden lizard Indigenous +

Family: Varanidae

Varanus salvator Water monitor Indigenous + +

Family-Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko Indigenous +

Class: AVES

Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Indigenous +

Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant Indigenous +

Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Indigenous +

Family: Ardeidae

Casmerodius albus Great egret Indigenous + +

Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate egret Indigenous + +

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Egretta grazetta Little egret Indigenous + +

Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Indigenous + +

Ardeola grayii Pond heron Indigenous +

Family: Accipitridae

Haliastur Indus Brahminy kite Indigenous +

Grey headed fishing Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus eagle

Family: Rallidae

White-breasted water + Amaurornis phoenicurus hen Indigenous

Family: Charadriidae

Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing Indigenous + +

Family: Columbidae

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Indigenous + + + +

Columba livia Domestic pigeon Indigenous + + +

Family: Psittacidae

Psittacula krameri Rose-ring parakeet Indigenous + + + +

Family: Halcyonidae

White breasted + + + + Halcyon smyrnensis kingfisher Indigenous

Family:Pycnonotidae

Pycnonotus cafera Red vented bulbul Indigenous + + + +

Family: Alcedinidae

Alcedo atthis Common King fisher Indigenous + +

Family: Meropidae

Merops philippinus Blue tail bee eater Migrant +

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Merops orientalis Greenb bee eater Indigenous + +

Family: Bucerotidae

Ocyceros gingalensis Sri Lanka gray hornbill Endemic + +

Anthracoceros coronatus Malabar pied hornbill Indigenous +

Family: Phasianidae

Pavo cristatus Indian peafowl Indigenous + + + +

Gallus lafayetii Sri Lanka jungle fowl Endemic +

Family: Coraciidae

Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Indigenous + +

Family: Timaliidae

Turdoides affinis Common babbler Indigenous + +

Family: Apodidae

Apus affinis House swift Indigenous +

Family – Laniidae

Lanius cristatus Brown shrike Migrant +

Family: Jacnidae

Hydrophasianus chrirurgus Pheasant tailed jacana Indigenous +

Family – Pittidae

Pitta brachyura Indian pitta Migrant + +

Family:Corvidae

Corvus splendens House crow Indigenous + + + +

Family: Sturnidae

Acridotheres tristis Common myna Indigenous + +

Family: Passeridae

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Passer domesticus House sparrow Indigenous + +

Class: MAMALIA

Family- Bovidae +

Bos indicus Domestic cow Domestic +

Bubalus bubalis Domestic water buffalo Exotic + + +

Family- Canidae

Canis familiaris Domestic dog Domestic + +

Felis cattus Domestic cat Domestic +

Canis aureus Sri Lanka jackal Indigenous

Family- Sciuridae

Funambulus palmarum Palm squirrel Indigenous + + +

Ratufa macroura Giant squirrel Indigenous + +

Family- Pteropodidae

Pteropus giganteus Flying fox Indigenous + + +

Rousettus leschenaultii Dog faced fruit bat Indigenous + + + +

Cynoptrrus sphinx Short nosed fruit bat Indigenous + + +

Family-Leporidae

Lepus nigricollis singhala Black napped hare Indigenous + + +

Family-Suidae

Sus scrofa cristatus Wild boar Indigenous + +

Family-Cervidae

Cervue axis Spotted deer Indigenous +

Cervus unicolour Sambhur Indigenous +

Family-Herpestidae

Habitats

Scientific Name Common Name Status HG PF FP CL WB

Herpestes fuscus Brown mongoose Indigenous + + + +

Family-Cerrcopithecidae

Macaca sinica Toque monkey Endemic + + +

Semnopithecus entellus Grey langur Indigenous + + +

vulnerable

Family – Elephantidae

Elephas maximus Elephant Indigenous + +

vulnerable

Annexure 4.1

List of possible affected structures

(Kanthale - Trincomalee section of A006 highway).

Permanent Structures

Location of the Side Nature of the property Number of Extent of property – properties Impact(Partially(P)/F Chainage(km) ully(F)) 160.00 RHS House 1 P 164.30 RHS Shop 1 P 164.28 LHS Shop 1 P 164.31 LHS Shop 1 P 167.23 RHS Shop 1 P 169.92 RHS Shop 1 P 180.83 LHS Shop 1 P 181.56 LHS Shop 1 P 183.28 LHS House 1 P 190.92 RHS Shop 1 P 191.53 RHS Shop 1 P 192.61 RHS Shop 1 P 196.44 RHS Shop 1 P - Total 13 Temporary Structures

Location of the Side Nature of the property Number of Extent of property – properties Impact(Partially(P)/F Chainage(km) ully(F)) 173.32 RHS Hut 1 P 173.36 LHS Hut 1 P 174.16 LHS Hut 1 P 174.80 LHS Hut 1 P 176.23 LHS Hut 1 P 176.57 LHS Hut 1 P 177.24 LHS Hut 1 P 177.38 LHS Hut 1 P 177.62 LHS Hut 1 P 177.88 LHS Hut 1 P 178.03 RHS Hut 1 P 179.30 LHS Hut 1 P 179.99 RHS Hut 1 P 188.83 RHS Hut 1 P 188.84 LHS Hut 1 P 188.85 RHS Hut 1 P 192.75 LHS Hut 1 P 195.24 LHS Hut 1 P 197.66 LHS Hut 1 P 197.97 RHS Hut 1 P - Total 20 Bus Halts

Location of the Side Nature of the property Number of Extent of property – properties Impact(Partially(P)/F Chainage(km) ully(F)) 162.66 LHS Bus Halt 1 P 167.20 RHS Bus Halt 1 P 169.27 RHS Bus Halt 1 P 185.70 LHS Bus Halt 1 P 187.83 RHS Bus Halt 1 P 191.39 LHS Bus Halt 1 P 196.22 RHS Bus Halt 1 P 197.40 RHS Bus Halt 1 P 199.27 RHS Bus Halt 1 P - Total 9 Common Properties

Location of the Side Nature of the property Number of Extent of property – properties Impact(Partially(P)/ Chainage(km) Fully(F)) 183.27 RHS Statue 1 P 183.28 RHS Statue 1 P 196.49 LHS Bodiya 1 P 199.29 RHS Bodiya 1 P - Total 4 Grand Total 46

Annexure 4.2

Number of affected trees along Kanthale (160km) to Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway

Chainage Number of affected Chainage (km) Number of (km) trees affected trees

160-166 6 181-186 -

166-171 4 186-190 -

171-176 2 190-194 -

176-181 4 194-end 1

Note: Most of the affected tree species consist of teak (Tectona grandis), Kohomba (Azardiracta indica), Palu (Manilkara hexandra) and Weera (Drypetes sepiaria), Mara (Samanea saman).

Annexure 5.1 Summary of Public Consultation

Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Proposed Consulted Institution

W B S Ratnasena Planning Director, DS Office 15.11.2006 Significant road from Needs better Kantale national security point of improvement view

Sirimewan Significant road from Needs better DS Office, Darmasena DS national security point of improvement Kantale view

H A P GN Kantale Town Problems during Involvement of GNs Chithananda compensation

K Parameswaram Planning Director DS Office, 26.12.2006 Poor quality of Hiring of reputed Kantale construction company

G Kaneshwaram Assistant DS DS Office, Poor quality of Hiring of reputed Kantale construction company

J A Jayawickrama Community leader Kantale Negative impact on Compensation for business activities income foregone

D S Silva Community leader Kantale Negative impact on Timely & proper business structures compensation

P M Alwis Community leader Gantalawa, 27.12.2006 Opportunities for local Recruitment of local Kantale people people

Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Proposed Consulted Institution

K Wijayarashan Planning Director DS Office, Problems during Accurate data & Trincomalee compensation information

M Rajasinghem GN Palam Keniya, Important road for the Get GNs involve. Trincomalee national economic, Explore possibilities problems during to recruit local labour compensation, community conflicts

P M A De Silva Deputy Forest Department of 24.01.2007 To collaborate with Requested to submit the Conservator ( Social Forestry Department of details of rehabilitation Forestry & Forestry in including the proposed Extension) conducting the tree ROW. surveys.

Wasantha Assistant Director Department of 25 .01.2007 If the reserve areas If the proposed Ratnayaka Wildlife are used for development is within the transportation, earth RDA road reservations extraction etc. the there is no objection to approval should be development. sought.

M H M Rafeek Divisional Assistant Irrigation 22.01.2007 Prepare a map The bypass road should Engineer’s showing the dam be laid away from the Office Kantale reservations and the Kantale Tank bund proposed road reservation. layout.

Ms. Selvi Shop owner Trincomalee 04.08.2009 The project will increase Improvement works opportunities for tourism should be

Stakeholders / Key Participants Date of Issues Raised/Concerns Measures Individuals Designation Consultation Expressed Proposed Consulted Institution

development which in turn commenced as will have a positive impact quickly on the business. Tourists and Devotees take this road to visit ancient Koneshwaram Kovil which is of religious importance

Ms.Darshani Road User Trincomalee 04.08.2009 The project will no doubt boost the tourism as well as other industries in the project area and thereby it A Comment will lead to improve the economy of country.

Annexure 6.1 (a) Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitating and Upgrading of Kanthale (157km) to Thambalagamuwa (178km) section of A006 Highway – Package 5 This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the summarized matrix of all possible impacts that may occur during rehabilitation and upgrading of of Kanthale (157km) to Thambalagamuwa (178km) section of A006 Highway The EMP should form part of the Bid Documents and shall be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed in the EMP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMP. With the assistance of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) the “Engineer” on behalf of the Employer the Highway Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMP by the Contractor. The bidders are advised to carefully consider the EMP requirements stated under item 2.0 “Construction phase” when preparing the bid and pricing the items of work. The prescriptions and clauses detailed in the EMP are integral component of the specifications for relevant item of work unless separate items are included in the Bill of Quantities. Thus separate payments will not be made in respect of compliance with the EMP. In case the Contractor or his sub-contractor/s fails to implement the EMP recommendations after informing in writing, the Engineer will take whatever actions it is deemed necessary to ensure that the EMP is properly implemented. If the contractor or his sub-contractor/s still fails to comply with EMP requirement, the “Engineer” may levy a penalty based on the level of non- compliance, cost incurred to rectify the damages caused by such negligence and/ or recover the cost from contractor’s payments.

The Contractor through an appointed dedicated/qualified Environmental Officer shall assist the Engineer to discharge his duties as required in the EMP implementation by (a) maintaining up to date records on actions taken by the Contractor with regard to implementation of EMP recommendations (b) timely submission of reports, information and data to the Project Management Unit (PMU) through Supervision Consultant (SC), (c) participating in the meetings conveyed by the Engineer and (d) any other assistance requested by the Engineer.

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.0 Advance Works 1.1 Land Acquisition 1.1.1 Removal of structures built within the existing highway reservation (a) Providing labour to shift and restore the structures outside the new Within this Based on RDA/ RDA/ highway reservation. highway section the budget PMU PMU (b) Possible livelihood restoration measures for affected persons should be with special estimate of -do- -do- considered in line with Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies of attention at the World Bank, National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and settlement areas Resettlem RDA’s Ex-gratia package for compensating project affected persons. at Kanthale ent Action (157km), Plan Thambalagamuwa town area (170km) 1.1.2 Acquisition of private/ state land for adjustments to highway alignment (a) Compensation based on the Land Acquisition Act (LAA), National Within this do DS, RDA/ RDA/ Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and RDA’s Ex-gratia package if highway section PMU PMU private lands are to be acquired for highway construction. where sections of 80

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision private land may need to be acquired (e.g. 160km, 164 km, 167km) 1.2 Identification of utility supply lines that may need to be shifted (a) Prior consultation and consent should be taken from relevant service Throughout the - RDA Service provider if sections of utility lines need to be shifted due to design highway section provider requirements or shift in alignment. where locations of utility lines needs shifting 1.3 Design for culverts and bridges (a) RDA should obtain prior consent from relevant authorities such as Near to bridges - RDA Department of Irrigation, Department of Agrarian services, etc., for any along the highway proposed construction works on/at areas belong to these institutions (refer design drawings for bridge and culvert locations) (b) Designs for bridges should confirm to the requirements of the “Bridge Near to bridges Design -do- Design Manual” of RDA considering a flood return period of 100 years. along the highway cost For culverts appropriate designs should be considered to allow sheath (refer design flow or cross drainage without any blocking. drawings for bridge and culvert locations)

2.0 Construction Phase 2.1 Earthwork and Soil Conservation 2.1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil (a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be Disposal sites Engineerin contractor RDA/ disposed only at locations approved by the engineer for such purpose within this trace g cost PMU, LA and subjected to the clauses 2.1.1.b and 2.1.1.c. identified by the contractor (b) If directed by the engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval from -Do- - -do- the relevant Local Authority (LA) such as Prdeshiya sabha, Municipal Council and other government agencies (as required) for disposal and spoil at the specified location. (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that; All water bodies Engineerin -do- RDA/ (i) waterways and drainage paths are not blocked within this section g cost PMU, LA (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by runoff and of highway e.g. 81

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public Streams at culverts. 161/2, 161/3, 161/4, 161/5, 161/6, 166/1, 166/2, 166/3, 167/1, 170/1, 171/2, 171/4, 176/3, 176/4 (d) If directed by the Engineer the debris and residual spoil material At all borrow sites do -do- -do- including any left earth shall be used, to refill the borrow areas as identified by directed by the engineer, subjected to laying of topsoil as per EMP contractor and clause 2.1.2. approved by engineer (e) If consented by the engineer, contractor can dispose the debris and Within this - -do- -do- spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor can ensure that highway section such material is used for legally acceptable purposes with disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner. 2.1.2 Conservation and reuse of top soil (a) Top soil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where Along this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU it has to be removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a highway trace g cost specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles of height not where topsoil from exceeding 2m, if directed by the engineer. If the contractor is in any productive land to doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he be removed shall obtain the direction from the engineer in writing (b) Removed top soil could be used as a productive soil when Within this - -do- -do- replanting/establishing highway side vegetation highway section (c) Such stockpiled topsoil must be returned to cover the areas including -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- cut slopes where the topsoil has been removed due to project activities. g cost Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm. (d) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or over Locations where - -do- -do- burdened. As far as possible multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles topsoil is should be kept to a minimum. stockpiled for reuse 2.1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation (a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU/LA stationed only in the areas of work and in any other area designated/ highway section /CEA approved by the engineer. Entry and exit of construction vehicles and machinery should be restricted to particular points as directed by the 82

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision engineer (b) Contractor should provide necessary instructions to drivers, operators -Do- -Do- -do- -do- and other construction workers not to destroy ground vegetation cover unnecessarily 2.1.4 Borrowing of Earth (a) Earth available from excavation for highwayside drains as per design, All excavation - -do- -do- may be used as embankment materials, subject to approval of the areas and engineer embankments (b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines Selected borrow - -do- -do- issued by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective sites local authorities with respect of locating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related to excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. (c) All borrow pits/areas should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by All borrow sites Engineerin -do- -do- the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by g cost the CEA and the respective local authority. (d) Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the All burrow sites - -do- -do- engineer. The location, depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or identified by the open cut area shall be as approved by the engineer. contractor (e) Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not All excavation - -do- -do- cause any adverse impact to the properties. Also shall not be a danger areas, slopes and of health hazard to the people. burrow sites (f) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes All excavation Engineerin -do- -do- including those related to temporary works and borrow pits. areas, slopes and g cost burrow sites 2.1.5 Prevention of soil erosion (a) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc shall not be unduly exposed to Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/ erosive forces. These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by highway section g cost PMU grass as per the specifications. All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch. (b) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining -Do- - -do- -do- season. If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. (c) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- design or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, g cost sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes sediment basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are 83

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation. 2.1.6 Contamination of soil by fuel and lubrications (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance work Servicing yards to Engineerin Contractor RDA/ shall be carried out only in designated locations/ service stations be used for g cost PMU, LA, approved by the engineer vehicle servicing CEA (b) Approval from CEA in the form of an Environmental Protection Licenses -Do- - -do- RDA/ (EPL) should be secured by the contractor if he intends to prepare his PMU own vehicle servicing yard (c) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not Servicing yards to Engineerin -do- RDA/ be discharged on ground so that to avoid soil pollution. Adequate be used for g cost PMU, LA, measures shall be taken against pollution of soil by spillage of vehicle servicing CEA petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste and locations petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the along this highway guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. section where vehicles will be temporarily stationed (d) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be New servicing Engineerin -do- -do- restored back to its initial status. Site restoration will be considered as yards developed g cost incidental to work. by the contractor for the project 2.1.7 Disposal of harmful construction wastes (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of Locations - Contractor RDA/PMU, harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that will be used in the identified to store LA, CEA project work to the Engineer. Contractor shall also provide the list of chemicals and places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other waste disposal harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project. (b) All disposal sites should be approved by the engineer and approved by -Do- - -do- RDA/PMU CEA and relevant local authority. (c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies All affected water Engineerin -do- -do- affected/contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at his own bodies close to g cost cost. material storage and waste disposal sites 2.1.8. Quarry operations (a) Utilizing the existing quarry sites available in the project influential area All, quarry sites Contractor RDA/PMU, as much as possible which are approved by GSMB or local authorities, which will be used Engineerin GSMB, CEA, operating with EPL and Industrial Mining Licences (IML); during g cost LA If new quarries are to be opened, prior approval should be obtained construction from GSMB, CEA and local authorities such as Pradeshiya Sabha; phase 84

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Selected quarry sites should have proper safety measures such as warnings, safety nets etc., and third party insurance cover to protect external parties that may be affected due to blasting. (b) It is recommended not to seek material from quarries that have ongoing -Do- - -do- -do- disputes with community. (c) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access highways in the event -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- of damage by the contractors operations shall be a responsibility of the g cost contractor. 2.2 Storage and handling of construction material 2.2.1 Emission of dust (a) Storage locations of sand, metal, soil should be located away from At all material Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU settlements and other sensitive receptors and covered (with artificial storage locations g cost barriers or natural vegetation). (stock piles of Measures given under clauses 2.5.1 (c), (d), (e) should be considered sand, metal) within material storage site to minimize dust during handling of material. All access highways within the storage site should be sprinkled with water for dust suspension. 2.2.2 Storage of fuel, oil and chemicals (avoid fumes and offensive odour) (a) All cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should be stored At all material Engineerin -do- -do- and handled on an impervious surface (concrete slab) above ground storage locations g cost level. (cement, bitumen, Storage facility of cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals fuel, oil and other should be an enclosed structure ensuring that no storm water flows in to chemicals used the structure. for construction A ridge should be placed around the storage facility to avoid runoff activities) getting in to the structure. Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers. Measures given under clause 2.9 should be considered to avoid any accidents and risks to worker population and public. 2.2.3 Transportation of material (a) The contractor should avoid over loaded trucks to transport material to Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU construction sites. highway section 2.3. Water – Protection of Water Sources and Quality 2.3.1. Loss of minor water sources and disruption to water users (a) Contractor should make employees aware on water conservation and Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU waste minimization in the construction process. highway section and at worker camps

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as Wells and other Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, water sources used by the community so that continued use these public water g cost LA water sources will not be disrupted by the work. In case the closer of sources locations such sources is required on temporary basis contractor shall provide within this alternative arrangement for supply. Alternative sources such as wells highway section thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and accessible to the affected community. (c) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in Waterways within Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, a manner that adversely affect down – stream intakes. If diversion or this highway g cost LA/ closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution section NWS&DB/DS of work, contractor must obtain the engineers approval in writing. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWS&DB) or local authority of Divisional Secretary depending on the operating agency of the intake/water supply. Contractor shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected community. (d) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or Within this Engineerin -do- -do- quality of water, the contractor shall serve notice to the relevant highway section g cost authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. 2.3.2 Siltation into water bodies (a) Contractor shall take measures to prevent siltation of water bodies as a All water bodies Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, result of his work including construction of temporary/ permanent located within this g cost LA, Irrigation devices to prevent water pollution due to siltation and increase of section of highway Dept, turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion as per EMP Agrarian 2.1.6. Services Dept (b) Construction materials containing small/ fine particles shall be stored in -do- -do- places not subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away by runoff. (C) Temporary soil dumps should be placed at least 200m away from all -do- -do- water bodies

(d) If temporary soil piles are left at the site for a long time those piles -do- -do- should be covered with thick polythene sheets (e) All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach -do- -do- the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch 2.3.3 Alteration of drainage paths (a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams All drainage paths Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, permanently. If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is crossed by the g cost DI/ DS/ASD 86

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision required for the execution of work (e.g. for construction of bypass), highway within contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writing. Contractor this highway shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an section. E.g. investigation is requested by the Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain Culverts. the approval from the relevant agency such as Department of Irrigation 161/2, 161/3, (DI)/Agrarian Services Department (ASD)/Divisional Secretary (DS) 161/4, 161/5, prior to such action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path 161/6, 166/1, back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or 166/2, 166/3, blockage is no longer required. 167/1, 170/1, (b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways 171/2, 171/4, -do- -do- and drainage paths are not blocked. 176/3, 176/4, (c) Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations -do- -do- during heavy rain seasons such as North East Monsoon rains from November to December. 2.3.4. Contamination of water from construction wastes (a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural At all Engineerin Contractor RDA/ watercourses, inland tanks and irrigation canals is avoided. Measures watercourses g cost PMU, LA, as given in 2.1.6., 2.1.7, 2.1.8, 2.3.2 and 2.3.6 clauses shall be taken to located adjacent CEA to the highway prevent the wastewater produced in construction from entering directly trace into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. (b) Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations -do- - -do- -do- during heavy rain seasons such as Mara rains from November to December. (c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental -do- Engineerin -do- -do- Act shall be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be g cost disposed in a manner that is acceptable to the engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA. 2.3.5. Contamination from fuel and lubricants (a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be Vehicle and plant Engineerin Contractor RDA/ located and operated as per the conditions and /or guidelines stipulated maintenance and g cost PMU, LA, under the EPL issued by CEA. In general these should be located at servicing centers CEA least 200m away from water bodies and wastewater shall not be disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be cleared of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-filling shall be Yards, servicing Engineerin -do- -do- done as required in EMP clause 2.1.6. to prevent water pollution as well centers g cost 2.3.6. Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by engineer Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/ 87

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA/Local highway section g cost PMU, LA, Authority (LA). Construction labourer’s camps shall not be located within Sensitive CEA, DWLC, 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or DoF, locations; DoF near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archeological importance and school. Schools: 161.6km and 171.6km,

Places of worship: kms 161.6,163.4, 167.8,170.0,171.7 ,174.7,177.1km. (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be camps g cost properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors g cost (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance Within this -do- -do- in a labour camp to the engineer and the Medical Officer of Health highway section (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. with special Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if attention near to any. labour camps (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of At all labour -do- -do- wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or camps waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant -Do- -do- -do- regulations aimed at safety and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor should remove all labour camps fully after its need is over, -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore g cost the area back to its former condition. 2.3.7. Wastage of water and waste minimization (a) The contractor will minimize wastage of water in the construction Within this Contractor RDA/PMU, process/operations by reusing water as much as possible, utilizing only highway section LA, CEA the required amount of water for the construction works etc… and labour camps 88

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water -Do- -do- -do- conservation, waste minimization and safe disposal of waste following guidelines given by CEA and LA. 2.3.8. Extraction of water (a) The contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, the project purpose throughout the construction period. Contractor shall highway section g cost LA not obtain water for his purposes including for labour camps from public and at labour or community water supplies without approval from the relevant camps authority. Such extraction (if approved) should be under direct supervision of the engineer (b) Extraction of water by the contractor for the project purposes shall -do- -do- -do- comply with the guidelines and instructions issued by relevant authority. . The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. (c) Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be At all drainage -do- RDA/PMU undertaken in the dry season. Construction over the irrigation canals, if paths crossed by disruption to the flow, quality of water and impact on the irrigation the highway structure is expected (or probable in the view of the Engineer), will be Streams at undertaken under necessary permission from the Department of Culverts. Irrigation. 161/2, 161/3, 161/4, 161/5, 161/6, 166/1, 166/2, 166/3, 167/1, 170/1, 171/2, 171/4, 176/3 and 176/4 (d) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the At all natural water -do- RDA/PMU, provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the sources used for LA said natural sources of water shall be made good entirely by the construction works contractor 2.4. Flood Prevention 2.4.1. Blockage of drainage paths and drains (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of Along this highway Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all section where g cost measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage highway will be paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. placed on embankment, at locations where 89

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision bridges and culverts are to be widened, repaired or reconstructed. (b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, -Do- -Do- -do- -do- contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result. 2.4.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone Highway sections Contractor RDA/PMU, areas when working in flood prone areas. passing through DI/SLLRDC paddy fields and low lying areas (b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- shall avoid storing materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas g cost where those can be washed away by the floods. 2.5 Air Pollution 2.5.1. Generation of Dust (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU such as topsoil removal, handling and transporting sand, rubble, highway section g cost bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or during more where earth work stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent residences and will take place, other facilities. storage locations (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors. of sand, rubble, -do- -do- bitumen, cement -do- -do- (c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and and all sub dust emission. highways used for (d) The Contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable action to material -do- -do- prevent dirt and mud being carried to the highways (particularly transportation, following wet weather). paying special (e) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust attention to -do- -do- generation. following sensitive (f) The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water for dust locations; -do- -do- suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited) Schools: (g) All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. 161.6km and -do- -do- 171.6km, (h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the minimize -do- -do- generation of dust. Places of worship: (i) All existing highways and highways used by vehicles of the contractor, -do- -do- 90

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision or any of his sub-contractor or supplies of materials or plant and 161.6,163.4, similarly highways which are part of the works shall be kept clean and 167.8,170.0,171.7, clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such 174.7,177.1km vehicles or their tyres. and settlements (j) Clearance shall be affected immediately by manual sweeping and areas: -do- -do- removal of debris, or, if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical E.g. sweeping and clearing equipment. Additionally, if so directed by the Kanthale (160km) Engineer, the highway surface will be hosed or sprinkled water using and appropriate equipments. Thambalagamuwa (k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be handled (including (170 km) -do- -do- dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. (l) The contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust -do- -do- emission from the hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms. (m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and -do- -do- operated with an EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 2.5.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants (a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with Locations at which Contractor RDA/PMU, CEA guidelines. It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching hot mix plant/s CEA plants to be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as and concrete vulnerable habitats, religious and cultural sites, residential areas, batching plant/s to schools and industrial areas be located (b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant -Do- -do- -do- current emission control legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL. 2.5.3. Odour and offensive smells (a) Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all chemicals used Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, for construction works in properly closed containers with good highway section g cost CEA, LA ventilations to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from including all sites chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour used for store all camps. In a situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur chemicals and contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor places where is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue chemical reactions arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. take place. (b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- camps shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no odour is camps g cost generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA and LA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. 91

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.5.4. Emission from construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment All plants, - Contractor RDA/PMU, Act shall be strictly adhered to. machinery and CEA, LA vehicles used for construction (b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission levels g cost comply with the relevant standards. (c) Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the Vehicular -Do- -Do- -do- -do- Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually 2.5.5. Air Pollution from Crusher (a) Crusher plants should operate under an EPL and shall confirm to Quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, relevant dust emission levels as stated in the EPL. Only the quarries operated for CEA, LA approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used for material material extraction extraction. for the project (b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Locations where - -do- -do- such as houses, place of worships and outdoor recreation areas quarry sites will be (locations given under item 2.4.1) or as required by the Engineer. operated (c) Sprinkling of water (through a sprinkler system) for dust suppression. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- g cost 2.6. Noise Pollution and Vibration 2.6.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. (a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with All machinery and -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. vehicles used for LA highway construction works (b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy Within this -do- -do- construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, highway section, - mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped between 20.00 hours to Sensitive 06.00 hours. No construction shall take place within 100m around locations; hospitals between 20.00 hours to 06.00 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as schools noisy equipment shall not be used during noise Schools: sensitive times of the day. 161.6km and 171.6km

Places of worship: 161.6,163.4, 167.8,170.0,171.7, 174.7,177.1km

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision and settlement areas: at Kanthale (160km), Thambalagamuwa (170 km) (c) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with Within this Engineerin -do- -do- exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness highway section g cost of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. (d) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at All equipment, - -do- -do- one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as machinery and compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vehicles used for highway vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). Also the terms and construction works conditions specified in the letter of 08/EIA/Trans/03/04/Vol II dated 03.09.2009 should also be adhered. (e) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a g cost minimum. (f) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in Within this Engineerin -do- -do- crushing, compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be highway section, g cost provided with protective gear. quarry, crusher plants 2.6.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU works do not result in damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. highway section (b) Prior to commencement of excavation, blasting activity, the Contractor Within this - -do- -do- shall undertake a condition survey of existing structures within the zone highway section of influence, as agreed with the relevant government agencies and the where engineer. construction works will commence (c) Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive Within this - -do- -do- receptor during blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are highway section used. where construction works will commence

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance Within this - -do- -do- with the criteria, if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration criteria. highway section where construction works will commence and at quarry and burrow sites (e) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting Within this - -do- -do- on adjoining structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that highway section excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled where blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is construction works liable for any damage caused by blasting work. will commence and at quarry sites 2.6.3 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations (a) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid- At quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, day), as permitted by the Engineer. The timing should be made known GSMB to all the people within 500 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200 m (50 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions at least 10m minutes before the blasting. 2.7. Impacts to Flora 2.7.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation (a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that the destruction to the Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU, flora and their habitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be highway section DS, DoF, felled / removed only if that impinges directly on the permanent works or where trees near/ CEA necessary temporary works. In all such cases contractor shall take prior within the existing approval from the Engineer. highway reservation have

to be removed and

at locations where minor adjustments to the alignment is made as per design requirements (b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction -Do- - -do- -do- of trees of religious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer shall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same should be submitted to the 94

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Engineer.

(c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made -Do- - -do- -do- by the Central Environmental Authority, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. (d) Removed trees must be handed over to the Timber Corporation. Throughout the - -do- -do- highway section 2.7.2 Chance found important Flora

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is Applicable - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All throughout the DoF, DWLC activities that could destroy such flora and/or its habitat shall be stopped highway section with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat. 2.8. Impact on Fauna 2.8.1. Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU disruption to the fauna and their habitats is minimum. of highway with special attention to Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (167- 178km) (b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild Within this section - -do- -do- animals and aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and of highway with unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. special attention to Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (167- 178km) (c) Strict worker force supervision should be carried out by the contractor -do- when conducting construction work close to forest lands of DoF and DWLC

Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into such forest land (d) Siting of all hot mix plants, crushing plants, workshops, depots and Locations selected Engineerin -do- -do- temporary worker camps and storing of toxic and hazardous materials for erecting the g cost at approved locations, and recycling and dumping of solid waste matter asphalt, crusher at locations approved by local authorities, maintenance of vehicles and and concrete 95

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision equipment in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel batching plants and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles. Any solid waste should not be and workshops dumped into water bodies. (e) Regular and adequate fuel supplies of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Within this section kerosene to worker camps in order to avoid workers scavenging for fuel of highway with wood from the proposed forest reserves and sanctuary areas. special attention to Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (167- 178km) 2.8.2 Chance found important Fauna

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is Applicable within - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All this highway DWLC/DoF activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be section stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 2.9. Disruption to Users

2.9.1 Loss of Access

(a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage Applicable within Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side highways and this highway g cost property accesses connecting the project highway. Work that affects section the use of side highways and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer. (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the -Do- - -do- -do- convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or private highways, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or private. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be g cost cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. (d) Providing advance information to the public about the planned -Do- -Do- -do- -do- construction works and activities causing disruption to access highways, and the temporary arrangements made to give relief to public in order to avoid any inconveniences due to the construction activities.

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (e) Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at -Do- -Do- -do- -do- constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially at town areas and near schools. 2.9.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion

(a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Applicable within - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer for approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any this highway LA section of highway. The traffic control plans shall contain details of section temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have -Do- - -do- -do- the approval of the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic -Do- - -do- -do- control plan to the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (d) The contractor shall ensure that the highway surface is always properly Within this Engineerin -do- -do- maintained, particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the highway section g cost traffic flow occurs. (e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent -Do- -Do- -do- -do- application of water. (f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. (g) The manual of traffic control devices of RDA Should be followed during -Do- - -do- -do- construction period in order to ensure the safety and traffic control. 2.9.3 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic -Do- Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, g cost LA including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highway under improvement. The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow The Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if 97

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision any. (b) Informing the public through newspapers/ announcements/ radio/ TV Project influence Engineerin -do- -do- etc. about the construction activities in order to avoid any area g cost inconveniences due to the construction activities. 2.10. Accidents and Risks 2.10.1 Public and Worker safety (a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU workers and the public from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, highway section, g cost falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, unsafe power material storage supply lines etc. and worker camps (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- workmen as per the international labor organization (ILO) convention g cost No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. 2.10.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution (a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Within this -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU Standards (BS) or relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate highway section, precautions will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from material storage electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution and worker camps boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 2.10.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU necessary protective gear. These activities include mixing asphalt highway section, g cost material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., welding work, work at quarry site and crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment burrow pits such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the Within this -Do- -do- -do- manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic highway section chemicals that are planned to be used in all contract related activities. A

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 2.10.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form Workshops, yards - Contractor RDA/PMU of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers where spray who are working in spray painting or scraping lead paints. painting is done 2.10.5 Handling of Explosives (a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the All locations - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer, the Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of where blasting LA/CEA explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor shall activities will comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of this commence Clause besides the law of the land as applicable. (b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and -Do- Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, shall comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to the g cost MoD importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. Contractor shall obtain Ministry of Defense (MoD) approval for importing and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same. 2.11. Health and Safety 2.11.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of At worker camps, Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, mosquitoes at places of work, labour camps, plus office and store stores, yards g cost LA buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and larvae should be regularly applied.

All burrow sites should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental authority and relevant local authorities (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and -Do- -Do- -do- -do- store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 2.11.2 Workers Health and Safety (a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU regulations under the Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of highway section, workshops and 99

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision health and safety measures and amenities at work place(s). worker camps

2.11.3 First Aid (a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed highway section, g cost LA equipment and nursing staff shall be provided. quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 2.11.4 Potable Water (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available Within this -Do- -do- -do- throughout the day in sufficient quantities. highway section (work sites), quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 2.11.5 Hygiene (a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living Within this -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale highway section, LA (MC), approved by the resident engineer. workshops, CEA worker camps

(b) At every workplace and labour camps sufficient number of bathing Worker camps -Do- -do- -do- facilities, latrines and urinals shall be provided in accordance with the and temporary Health and Safety regulations and/or as directed by the Engineer. sheds at work These bathroom and toilet facilities shall be suitably located within the sites workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be cleaned at least three times daily in the morning, midday and evening and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men and marked in the vernacular shall be provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to latrines and urinals. (c) The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and Worker camps Engineerin -do- -do- operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, and temporary g cost ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. sheds at work sites (d) Garbage bins must be provided in the camp, work sites and regularly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps shall have a clean hygienic environment and

100

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision adequate health care shall be provided for the work force. (e) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor -Do- -Do- -do- -do- shall arrange proper disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area. 2.12 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 2.12.1 Prevention of damage to Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) During construction activities the contractor should take all necessary Near to places of -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural properties which worships near to Dpt. Of includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship. the highway trace cultural affairs, LA, Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. Religious leaders 2.12.2 Chance found Archaeological property (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU, remains or things of geological or archaeological interest etc. highway section DoA discovered on the site and/or during construction work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of Antiquities Ordinance of 1940 (Revised in 1956 & 1998) (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or g cost thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped within 100m in all directions from the site of discovery. (c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- assistance from the Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on g cost conservation measures to be taken with regard to the artefacts prior to recommencement of work in the area.

2.13 Environmental Enhancement 2.13.1 Highwayside Landscape (a) Highway landscape plantation, re-vegetation of highway embankments Within this -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU and other slopes, edge treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as highway section, per either detailed design or typical design guidelines given as part of and all locations the Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of used for quarry unwanted earth, spoil material, away from the highwaysides and from sites, burrow pits, 101

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision other work places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to asphalt plant, the Engineer or as per Clause 2.1.1. concrete batching plants, workshops and labour camps (b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared -Do- -Do- -do- -do- away in full, all rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and highwaysides, workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 2.13.2 Utilities and Highwayside Amenities (a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were Places where bus -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU removed/ relocated during the construction unless the Engineer directed shelters are the contractor not to do so. located along the highway. (b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional At all locations -do- -do- purposes of utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. The where electricity, arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be telecommunication informed to the Engineer in writing (advance work). Contractor shall and water supply assist the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimize lines need to be disruption to such services. shifted (c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall Within this - -do- -do- immediately inform the service provider and help to restore the service highway section without delay. 2.13.3 Highway Furniture (a) Highway furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash Within this Design Contractor RDA/PMU barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any highway section cost/ other such items will be provided as per design given in the Bid Engineerin Documents. g cost

(b) Intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, highwayside protection and other -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- structures or furniture shall be constructed, complete with the landscape g cost elements as per design in the above manner. 2.14 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU following the award of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be highway section the primary point of contact for assistance with all environmental issues during during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/ She shall be construction responsible for ensuring the implementation of EMP. period (b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison -Do- - -do- -do- and to handle public complaints regarding environmental/ social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints 102

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The Within this - -do- -do- complain register shall be placed at a convenient place, easily highway section accessible by the public. during construction period

At local authority and divisional secretary offices (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement Throughout the - -do- -do- (EMS) clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the project EMP is implemented. It is required from the contractor to prepare the construction EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more than one site period at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review.

3.0 Operational stage 3.1 Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris. (a) Regular clearing/ cleaning and maintenance of all culverts to reduce the At all hydraulic Maintenan RDA chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of structures within ce cost RDA should be followed to maintain the highway drainage system this highway section 3.2. Highway safety (a) A management plan should be formulated with the local police to avoid Within this Maintenan RDA RDA, LA any vehicle to carry loads that exceed the carrying capacity (load) of the highway section ce cost (local police) rehabilitated highway. Weigh stations could be introduced at selected locations to measure the load of vehicle. 3.3 Encochement of new ROW (a) Continuous monitoring and strict regulations should be followed to avoid Within this Maintenan RDA RDA the encroachment. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of highway section ce cost Chief Engineer and Provincial Director should conduct regular checking 103

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision along the highway and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW. 3.4 Loss, damage or disruption to fauna (a) Placing warning signs at locations where wild animal movement Within this Engineerin RDA RDA, DWLC corridors cross the highway. highway section g cost

Such sign posts should be placed at least 1 km before approaching the area in order for the drivers to be more vigilant and reduce speed RDA/PIU= Project Implementation Unit, LA= Local authority, RDA= Road Development authority, NWS&DB= National Water Supply & Drainage Board, DoF= Department of Forest, SLT= Sri Lanka Telecom, EMoP= Environmental Monitoring Plan, EPL= Environmental Protection License, GSMB= Geological Survey and Mines Bureau, DWLC= Department of wildlife conservation

104

Annexure 6.1 (b)

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitating and Upgrading of Thambalagamuwa (178km) to CE Office, Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway – Package 6 This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the summarized matrix of all possible impacts that may occur during rehabilitation and upgrading of Thambalagamuwa (178km) to CE Office, Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway – Package 6. The EMP should form part of the Bid Documents and shall be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed in the EMP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMP. With the assistance of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) the “Engineer” on behalf of the Employer the Highway Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMP by the Contractor. The bidders are advised to carefully consider the EMP requirements stated under item 2.0 “Construction phase” when preparing the bid and pricing the items of work. The prescriptions and clauses detailed in the EMP are integral component of the specifications for relevant item of work unless separate items are included in the Bill of Quantities. Thus separate payments will not be made in respect of compliance with the EMP. In case the Contractor or his sub-contractor/s fails to implement the EMP recommendations after informing in writing, the Engineer will take whatever actions it is deemed necessary to ensure that the EMP is properly implemented. If the contractor or his sub-contractor/s still fails to comply with EMP requirement, the “Engineer” may levy a penalty based on the level of non- compliance, cost incurred to rectify the damages caused by such negligence and/ or recover the cost from contractor’s payments.

The Contractor through an appointed dedicated / qualified Environmental Officer shall assist the Engineer to discharge his duties as required in the EMP implementation by (a) maintaining up to date records on actions taken by the Contractor with regard to implementation of EMP recommendations (b) timely submission of reports, information and data to the Project Management Unit (PMU) through Supervision Consultant (SC), (c) participating in the meetings conveyed by the Engineer and (d) any other assistance requested by the Engineer.

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.0 Advance Works 1.1 Land Acquisition 1.1.1 Removal of structures built within the existing highway reservation (a) Providing labour to shift and restore the structures outside the new Within this Based on RDA/ RDA/ highway reservation. highway section the budget PMU PMU (b) Possible livelihood restoration measures for affected persons should be with special estimate of -do- -do- considered in line with Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies of attention at the World Bank, National Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and settlement areas Resettlem RDA’s Ex-gratia package for compensating project affected persons. At ent Action Thambalagamuwa Plan town area (178km) and Trincomalee 105

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (195km) 1.1.2 Acquisition of private/ state land for adjustments to highway alignment (a) Compensation based on the Land Acquisition Act (LAA), National Within this do DS, RDA/ RDA/ Involuntary Resettlement Policy (NIRP) and RDA’s Ex-gratia package if highway section PMU PMU private lands are to be acquired for highway construction. where sections of private land may need to be acquired (e.g. 181km, 182km, 183km, 191km, 192km, 193.km, 196km) 1.2 Identification of utility supply lines that may need to be shifted (a) Prior consultation and consent should be taken from relevant service Within this - RDA Service provider if sections of utility lines need to be shifted due to design highway section provider requirements or shift in alignment. where locations of utility lines needs shifting 1.3 Design for culverts and bridges (a) RDA should obtain prior consent from relevant authorities such as Near to bridges - RDA Department of Irrigation, Department of Agrarian services, etc., for any along the highway proposed construction works on/at areas belong to these institutions (refer design drawings for bridge and culvert locations) (b) Designs for bridges should confirm to the requirements of the “Bridge Near to bridges Design -do- Design Manual” of RDA considering a flood return period of 100 years. along the highway cost For culverts appropriate designs should be considered to allow sheath (refer design flow or cross drainage without any blocking. drawings for bridge and culvert

locations) 2.0 Construction Phase 2.1 Earthwork and Soil Conservation 2.1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil (a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be Disposal sites Engineerin contractor RDA/ disposed only at locations approved by the engineer for such purpose identified by the g cost PMU, LA and subjected to the clauses 2.1.1.b and 2.1.1.c. contractor (b) If directed by the engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval from -Do- - -do- the relevant Local Authority (LA) such as Prdeshiya sabha, Municipal Council and other government agencies (as required) for disposal and spoil at the specified location. 106

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that; All water bodies Engineerin -do- RDA/ (i) waterways and drainage paths are not blocked located in the g cost PMU, LA (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by runoff and within this (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public highway section e.g. adjacent to the bay at km 196.9-197.3 and 198-200 Streams at bridge no, 184/1, at culverts. 181/1, 181/2, 186/1, 186/2, 190/7, 191/1, 199/5, 200/1 (d) If directed by the Engineer the debris and residual spoil material At all borrow sites do -do- -do- including any left earth shall be used, to refill the borrow areas as identified by directed by the engineer, subjected to laying of topsoil as per EMP contractor and clause 2.1.2. approved by engineer (e) If consented by the engineer, contractor can dispose the debris and Within this - -do- -do- spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor can ensure that highway section such material is used for legally acceptable purposes with disposed in an environmentally acceptable manner.

2.1.2 Conservation and reuse of top soil (a) Top soil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU it has to be removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a highway section g cost specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles of height not where topsoil from exceeding 2m, if directed by the engineer. If the contractor is in any productive land to doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he be removed shall obtain the direction from the engineer in writing (b) Removed top soil could be used as a productive soil when Within this - -do- -do- replanting/establishing highway side vegetation highway section (c) Such stockpiled topsoil must be returned to cover the areas including -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- cut slopes where the topsoil has been removed due to project activities. g cost Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm. (d) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or over Locations where - -do- -do- 107

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision burdened. As far as possible multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles topsoil is should be kept to a minimum. stockpiled for reuse 2.1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation (a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU/LA stationed only in the areas of work and in any other area designated/ highway section /CEA approved by the engineer. Entry and exit of construction vehicles and machinery should be restricted to particular points as directed by the engineer (b) Contractor should provide necessary instructions to drivers, operators -Do- -Do- -do- -do- and other construction workers not to destroy ground vegetation cover unnecessarily 2.1.4 Borrowing of Earth (a) Earth available from excavation for highwayside drains as per design, All excavation - -do- -do- may be used as embankment materials, subject to approval of the areas and engineer embankments (b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines Selected borrow - -do- -do- issued by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective sites local authority with respect of locating borrow areas and with regard to all operations related to excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. (c) All borrow pits/areas should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by All borrow sites Engineerin -do- -do- the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by g cost the CEA and the respective local authority. (d) Borrow areas shall not be opened without the permission of the All burrow sites - -do- -do- engineer. The location, depth of excavation and the extent of the pit or identified by the open cut area shall be as approved by the engineer. contractor (e) Establishment of borrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not All excavation - -do- -do- cause any adverse impact to the properties. Also shall not be a danger areas, slopes and of health hazard to the people. burrow sites (f) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes All excavation Engineerin -do- -do- including those related to temporary works and borrow pits. areas, slopes and g cost burrow sites 2.1.5 Prevention of soil erosion (a) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc shall not be unduly exposed to Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/ erosive forces. These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by highway section g cost PMU grass as per the specifications. All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch. (b) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining -Do- - -do- -do- season. If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior 108

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. (c) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- design or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, g cost sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes sediment basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation. 2.1.6 Contamination of soil by fuel and lubrications (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance work Servicing yards to Engineerin Contractor RDA/ shall be carried out only in designated locations/ service stations be used for g cost PMU, LA, approved by the engineer vehicle servicing CEA (b) Approval from CEA in the form of an Environmental Protection Licenses -Do- - -do- RDA/ (EPL) should be secured by the contractor if he intends to prepare his PMU own vehicle servicing yard (b) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not Servicing yards to Engineerin -do- RDA/ be discharged on ground so that to avoid soil pollution. Adequate be used for g cost PMU, LA, measures shall be taken against pollution of soil by spillage of vehicle servicing CEA petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste and locations petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the along this highway guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. section where vehicles will be temporarily stationed (c) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be New servicing Engineerin -do- -do- restored back to its initial status. Site restoration will be considered as yards developed g cost incidental to work. by the contractor for the project 2.1.7 Disposal of harmful construction wastes (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of Locations - Contractor RDA/PMU, harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that will be used in the identified to store LA, CEA project work to the Engineer. Contractor shall also provide the list of chemicals and places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other waste disposal harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project. (a) All disposal sites should be approved by the engineer and approved by -Do- - -do- RDA/PMU CEA and relevant local authority. (b) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies All affected water Engineerin -do- -do- affected/contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at his own bodies close to g cost cost. material storage 109

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision and waste disposal sites 2.1.8. Quarry operations (a) Utilizing the existing quarry sites available in the project influential area All, quarry sites Contractor RDA/PMU, as much as possible which are approved by GSMB or local authorities, which will be used Engineerin GSMB, CEA, operating with EPL and Industrial Mining Licences (IML); during g cost LA If new quarries are to be opened, prior approval should be obtained construction from GSMB, CEA and local authorities such as Pradeshiya Sabha; phase Selected quarry sites should have proper safety measures such as warnings, safety nets etc., and third party insurance cover to protect external parties that may be affected due to blasting. (b) It is recommended not to seek material from quarries that have ongoing -Do- - -do- -do- disputes with community. (c) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access highways in the event -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- of damage by the contractors operations shall be a responsibility of the g cost contractor. 2.2 Storage and handling of construction material 2.2.1 Emission of dust (a) Storage locations of sand, metal, soil should be located away from At all material Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU settlements and other sensitive receptors and covered (with artificial storage locations g cost barriers or natural vegetation). (stock piles of Measures given under clauses 2.5.1 (c), (d), (e) should be considered sand, metal) within material storage site to minimize dust during handling of material. All access highways within the storage site should be sprinkled with water for dust suspension. 2.2.2 Storage of fuel, oil and chemicals (avoid fumes and offensive odour) (a) All cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should be stored At all material Engineerin -do- -do- and handled on an impervious surface (concrete slab) above ground storage locations g cost level. (cement, bitumen, Storage facility of cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals fuel, oil and other should be an enclosed structure ensuring that no storm water flows in to chemicals used the structure. for construction A ridge should be placed around the storage facility to avoid runoff activities) getting in to the structure. Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers. Measures given under clause 2.9 should be considered to avoid any accidents and risks to worker population and public. 2.2.3 Transportation of material (a) The contractor should avoid over loaded trucks to transport material to Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU construction sites. highway section 110

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.3. Water – Protection of Water Sources and Quality 2.3.1. Loss of minor water sources and disruption to water users (a) Contractor should make employees aware on water conservation and Within this - Contractor RDA/PMU waste minimization in the construction process. highway section and at worker camps (b) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as Wells and other Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, water sources used by the community so that continued use these public water g cost LA water sources will not be disrupted by the work. In case the closer of sources locations such sources is required on temporary basis contractor shall provide within this alternative arrangement for supply. Alternative sources such as wells highway section thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and accessible to the affected community. (c) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in Waterways Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, a manner that adversely affect down – stream intakes. If diversion or throughout the g cost LA/ closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution highway trace and NWS&DB/DS of work, contractor must obtain the engineers approval in writing. possible areas Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water prone to Supply and Drainage Board (NWS&DB) or local authority of Divisional inundation Secretary depending on the operating agency of the intake/water supply. Contractor shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected community. (d) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or Within this Engineerin -do- -do- quality of water, the contractor shall serve notice to the relevant highway section g cost authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. 2.3.2 Siltation into water bodies (a) Contractor shall take measures to prevent siltation of water bodies as a All water bodies Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, result of his work including construction of temporary/ permanent within this g cost LA, Irrigation devices to prevent water pollution due to siltation and increase of highway section Dept, turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion as per EMP with special Agrarian 2.1.6. attention to the Services bay area (km Dept (b) Construction materials containing small/ fine particles shall be stored in 196.9-197.3 and -do- -do- places not subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these 198-200) materials will not be washed away by runoff. (C) Temporary soil dumps should be placed at least 200m away from all -do- -do- water bodies

(d) If temporary soil piles are left at the site for a long time those piles -do- -do- 111

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision should be covered with thick polythene sheets

(f) All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach -do- -do- the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch 2.3.3 Alteration of drainage paths (a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams All drainage paths Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, permanently. If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is crossed within this g cost DI/ DS/ASD required for the execution of work (e.g. for construction of bypass), highway section. contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writing. Contractor E.g. shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an Streams at investigation is requested by the Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain bridge, the approval from the relevant agency such as Department of Irrigation 184/1, (DI)/Agrarian Services Department (ASD)/Divisional Secretary (DS) Culverts. prior to such action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path 181/1, 181/2, back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or 186/1, 186/2, blockage is no longer required. 190/7, 191/1, (b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways 199/5 and 200/1 -do- -do- and drainage paths are not blocked. (c) Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations -do- -do- during heavy rain seasons such as North East Monsoon rains from November to December. 2.3.4. Contamination of water from construction wastes (a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural At all Engineerin Contractor RDA/ watercourses, inland tanks and irrigation canals is avoided. Measures watercourses g cost PMU, LA, as given in 2.1.6., 2.1.7, 2.1.8, 2.3.2 and 2.3.6 clauses shall be taken to located adjacent CEA within this prevent the wastewater produced in construction from entering directly highway section into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. with special attention to bay area adjacent to 196.9- 197.3,198-200km (b) Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations -do- - -do- -do- during heavy rain seasons such as Mara rains from November to December. (b) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental -do- Engineerin -do- -do- Act shall be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be g cost disposed in a manner that is acceptable to the engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA. 2.3.5. Contamination from fuel and lubricants (a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be Vehicle and plant Engineerin Contractor RDA/ 112

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision located and operated as per the conditions and /or guidelines stipulated maintenance and g cost PMU, LA, under the EPL issued by CEA. In general these should be located at servicing centers CEA least 200m away from water bodies and wastewater shall not be disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be cleared of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-filling shall be Yards, servicing Engineerin -do- -do- done as required in EMP clause 2.1.6. to prevent water pollution as well centers g cost 2.3.6. Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by engineer Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/ and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA/Local highway section g cost PMU, LA, Authority (LA). Construction labourer’s camps shall not be located within Sensitive CEA, DWLC, 200m from waterways, within an area coming under DWLC or DoF, locations; DoF near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archeological importance and school. Schools: 189.9, 195.0, 196.6 and 198.0km

Places of worship: 178.2,180.4,183.1 , 183.2,186.8, 188.9, 190.9, 192.8, 195.8 and 196.4km

Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (181- 188km)

bay area 196.9- 197.3,198-200km

(b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be camps g cost properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the 113

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors g cost (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance Within this -do- -do- in a labour camp to the engineer and the Medical Officer of Health highway section (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. with special Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if attention near to any. labour camps (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of At all labour -do- -do- wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or camps waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant -Do- -do- -do- regulations aimed at safety and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor should remove all labour camps fully after its need is over, -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore g cost the area back to its former condition. 2.3.7. Wastage of water and waste minimization (a) The contractor will minimize wastage of water in the construction Within this Contractor RDA/PMU, process/operations by reusing water as much as possible, utilizing only highway section LA, CEA the required amount of water for the construction works etc… and labour camps (b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water -Do- -do- -do- conservation, waste minimization and safe disposal of waste following guidelines given by CEA and LA. 2.3.8. Extraction of water (a) The contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for Within this Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, the project purpose throughout the construction period. Contractor shall highway section g cost LA not obtain water for his purposes including for labour camps from public and at labour or community water supplies without approval from the relevant camps authority. Such extraction (if approved) should be under direct supervision of the engineer (b) Extraction of water by the contractor for the project purposes shall -do- -do- -do- comply with the guidelines and instructions issued by relevant authority. . The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. (c) Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be At all drainage -do- RDA/PMU undertaken in the dry season. Construction over the irrigation canals, if paths crossed 114

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision disruption to the flow, quality of water and impact on the irrigation within this highway structure is expected (or probable in the view of the Engineer), will be section Streams at undertaken under necessary permission from the Department of bridge, Irrigation. 184/1, Culverts. 181/1, 181/2, 186/1, 186/2, 190/7, 191/1, 199/5 and 200/1 (d) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the At all natural water -do- RDA/PMU, provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the sources used for LA said natural sources of water shall be made good entirely by the construction works contractor 2.4. Flood Prevention 2.4.1. Blockage of drainage paths and drains (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all of highway where g cost measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage highway will be paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. placed on embankment, at locations where bridges and culverts are to be widened, repaired or reconstructed. (b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, -Do- -Do- -do- -do- contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result. 2.4.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone Highway sections Contractor RDA/PMU, areas when working in flood prone areas. passing through DI/SLLRDC paddy fields and low lying areas (b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- shall avoid storing materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas g cost where those can be washed away by the floods. 2.5 Air Pollution 2.5.1. Generation of Dust 115

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU such as topsoil removal, handling and transporting sand, rubble, of highway where g cost bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or during more earth work will stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent residences and take place, other facilities. storage locations (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors. of sand, rubble, -do- -do- bitumen, cement -do- -do- (c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and and all sub dust emission. highways used for (d) The Contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable action to material -do- -do- prevent dirt and mud being carried to the highways (particularly transportation, following wet weather). paying special (e) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust attention to -do- -do- generation. following sensitive (f) The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water for dust locations; -do- -do- suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of waste Schools: water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited) 189.9, 195.0, (g) All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. 196.6 and198.0km -do- -do-

(h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the minimize -do- -do- generation of dust. Places of worship: 178.2,180.4,183.1, (i) All existing highways and highways used by vehicles of the contractor, -do- -do- or any of his sub-contractor or supplies of materials or plant and 183.2,186.8, similarly highways which are part of the works shall be kept clean and 188.9, 190.9, clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such 192.8, 195.8 and vehicles or their tyres. 196.4km Clearance shall be affected immediately by manual sweeping and and settlements -do- -do- (j) areas: removal of debris, or, if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical E.g. sweeping and clearing equipment. Additionally, if so directed by the Thambalagamuwa Engineer, the highway surface will be hosed or sprinkled water using (178 km) and appropriate equipments. Trincomalee (195- Plants, machinery and equipment shall be handled (including -do- -do- (k) 200 km) dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. (l) The contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust -do- -do- emission from the hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms. (m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and -do- -do- operated with an EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 2.5.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants

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Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with Locations at which Contractor RDA/PMU, CEA guidelines. It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching hot mix plant/s CEA plants to be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as and concrete vulnerable habitats, religious and cultural sites, residential areas, batching plant/s to schools and industrial areas be located (b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant -Do- -do- -do- current emission control legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL. 2.5.3. Odour and offensive smells (a) Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all chemicals used Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, for construction works in properly closed containers with good of highway g cost CEA, LA ventilations to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from including all sites chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour used for store all camps. In a situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur chemicals and contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor places where is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue chemical reactions arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. take place. (b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- camps shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no odour is camps g cost generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA and LA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. 2.5.4. Emission from construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment All plants, - Contractor RDA/PMU, Act shall be strictly adhered to. machinery and CEA, LA vehicles used for construction (b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission levels g cost comply with the relevant standards. (c) Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the Vehicular -Do- -Do- -do- -do- Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually 2.5.5. Air Pollution from Crusher (a) Crusher plants should operate under an EPL and shall confirm to Quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, relevant dust emission levels as stated in the EPL. Only the quarries operated for CEA, LA approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used for material material extraction extraction. for the project (b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Locations where - -do- -do- such as houses, place of worships and outdoor recreation areas quarry sites will be 117

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (locations given under item 2.4.1) or as required by the Engineer. operated (c) Sprinkling of water (through a sprinkler system) for dust suppression. Locations where Engineerin -do- -do- quarry sites will be g cost operated

2.6. Noise Pollution and Vibration 2.6.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. (a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with All machinery and -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. vehicles used for LA highway construction works

(b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy Within this section -do- -do- construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, of highway, - mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped between 20.00 hours to Sensitive 06.00 hours. No construction shall take place within 100m around locations; hospitals between 20.00 hours to 06.00 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as schools noisy equipment shall not be used during noise Schools: sensitive times of the day. 189.9, 195.0, 196.6 and

198.0km

Places of worship: 178.2,180.4,183.1, 183.2,186.8, 188.9, 190.9, 192.8, 195.8 and 196.4km and settlement areas: Thambalagamuwa (178 km) and Trincomalee (195- 200km) (c) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with Within this section Engineerin -do- -do- exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of highway g cost of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation 118

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. (d) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at All equipment, - -do- -do- one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as machinery and compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vehicles used for highway vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). Also the terms and construction works conditions specified in the letter of 08/EIA/Trans/03/04/Vol II dated 03.09.2009 should also be adhered. (e) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a g cost minimum. (f) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in Within this section Engineerin -do- -do- crushing, compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be of highway, g cost provided with protective gear. quarry, crusher plants 2.6.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU works do not result in damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. of highway

(b) Prior to commencement of excavation, blasting activity, the Contractor Within this section - -do- -do- shall undertake a condition survey of existing structures within the zone of highway where of influence, as agreed with the relevant government agencies and the construction works engineer. will commence (c) Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive Within this section - -do- -do- receptor during blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are of highway where used. construction works will commence (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance Within this section - -do- -do- with the criteria, if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration criteria. of highway where construction works will commence and at quarry and burrow sites (e) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting Within this section - -do- -do- on adjoining structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that of highway where excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled construction works blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is will commence liable for any damage caused by blasting work. and at quarry sites

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Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.6.3 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations (a) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid- At quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, day), as permitted by the Engineer. The timing should be made known GSMB to all the people within 500 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200 m (50 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions at least 10m minutes before the blasting. 2.7. Impacts to Flora 2.7.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation (a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that the destruction to the Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU, flora and their habitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be of highway where DS, DoF, felled / removed only if that impinges directly on the permanent works or trees near/ within CEA necessary temporary works. In all such cases contractor shall take prior the existing approval from the Engineer. highway reservation have

to be removed and

2.7.2 Chance found important Flora

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All of highway DoF, DWLC activities that could destroy such flora and/or its habitat shall be stopped 120

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat. 2.8. Impact on Fauna 2.8.1. Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU disruption to the fauna and their habitats is minimum. of highway with special attention to Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (178- 184.7km) Kantale forest reserve (km184.7- 191) (b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild Within this section - -do- -do- animals and aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and of highway with unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. special attention to Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (178- 184.7km) Kantale forest reserve (184.7- 191 km) (c) Strict worker force supervision should be carried out by the contractor -do- when conducting construction work close to forest lands of DoF and DWLC Construction workers shall not be allowed to trespass into such forest land (d) Siting of all hot mix plants, crushing plants, workshops, depots and Locations selected Engineerin -do- -do- temporary worker camps and storing of toxic and hazardous materials for erecting the g cost at approved locations, and recycling and dumping of solid waste matter asphalt, crusher at locations approved by local authorities, maintenance of vehicles and and concrete equipment in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel batching plants and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles. Any solid waste should not be and workshops dumped into water bodies. (e) Regular and adequate fuel supplies of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Within this section kerosene to worker camps in order to avoid workers scavenging for fuel of highway with wood from the proposed forest reserves and sanctuary areas. special attention to 121

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Naval Headwork’s sanctuary (178- 184.7km) Kantale forest reserve (184.7- 191 km) 2.8.2 Chance found important Fauna (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All of highway DWLC/DoF activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 2.9. Disruption to Users

2.9.1 Loss of Access (a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side highways and of highway g cost property accesses connecting the project highway. Work that affects the use of side highways and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer. (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the -Do- - -do- -do- convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or private highways, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or private. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be g cost cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. (d) Providing advance information to the public about the planned -Do- -Do- -do- -do- construction works and activities causing disruption to access highways, and the temporary arrangements made to give relief to public in order to avoid any inconveniences due to the construction activities. (e) Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at -Do- -Do- -do- -do- constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially at town areas and near schools. 2.9.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion 122

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer for approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any of highway LA section of highway. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have -Do- - -do- -do- the approval of the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic -Do- - -do- -do- control plan to the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (d) The contractor shall ensure that the highway surface is always properly Within this section Engineerin -do- -do- maintained, particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the of highway g cost traffic flow occurs. (e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent -Do- -Do- -do- -do- application of water. (f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. (g) The manual of traffic control devices of RDA Should be followed during -Do- - -do- -do- construction period in order to ensure the safety and traffic control. 2.9.3 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic -Do- Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, g cost LA including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highway under improvement. The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow The Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if any. (b) Informing the public through newspapers/ announcements/ radio/ TV etc. Thambalagamuw Engineerin -do- -do- about the construction activities in order to avoid any inconveniences a and g cost due to the construction activities. Trincomalee DS Divisional areas 2.10. Accidents and Risks 123

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.10.1 Public and Worker safety (a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU workers and the public from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, of highway, g cost falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, unsafe power material storage supply lines etc. and worker camps (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- workmen as per the international labor organization (ILO) convention g cost No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

2.10.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution (a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Within this section -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU Standards (BS) or relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate of highway, precautions will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from material storage electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution and worker camps boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 2.10.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU necessary protective gear. These activities include mixing asphalt of highway, quarry g cost material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., welding work, work at site and burrow crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment pits such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the Within this section -Do- -do- -do- manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic of highway chemicals that are planned to be used in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and 124

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 2.10.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form Workshops, yards - Contractor RDA/PMU of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers where spray who are working in spray painting or scraping lead paints. painting is done 2.10.5 Handling of Explosives (a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the All locations - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer, the Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of where blasting LA/CEA explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor shall activities will comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of this commence Clause besides the law of the land as applicable.

(b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and -Do- Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, shall comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to the g cost MoD importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. Contractor shall obtain Ministry of Defense (MoD) approval for importing and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same. 2.11. Health and Safety 2.11.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of At worker camps, Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, mosquitoes at places of work, labour camps, plus office and store stores, yards g cost LA buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and larvae should be regularly applied.

All burrow sites should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental authority and relevant local authorities (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and -Do- -Do- -do- -do- store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 2.11.2 Workers Health and Safety (a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU regulations under the Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of of highway, health and safety measures and amenities at work place(s). workshops and worker camps 2.11.3 First Aid

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Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. Within this section Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed of highway, g cost LA equipment and nursing staff shall be provided. quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps

2.11.4 Potable Water (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available Within this section -Do- -do- -do- throughout the day in sufficient quantities. of highway (work sites), quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 2.11.5 Hygiene (a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living Within this section -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale of highway, LA (MC), approved by the resident engineer. workshops, CEA worker camps

126

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (e) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor -Do- -Do- -do- -do- shall arrange proper disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area. 2.12 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 2.12.1 Prevention of damage to Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) During construction activities the contractor should take all necessary Near to places of -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural properties which worships near to Dpt. Of includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship. the highway trace cultural affairs, LA, Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. Religious leaders 2.12.2 Chance found Archaeological property (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU, remains or things of geological or archaeological interest etc. of highway DoA discovered on the site and/or during construction work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of Antiquities Ordinance of 1940 (Revised in 1956 & 1998) (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or g cost thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped within 100m in all directions from the site of discovery. (c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- assistance from the Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on g cost conservation measures to be taken with regard to the artefacts prior to recommencement of work in the area. 2.13 Environmental Enhancement 2.13.1 Highwayside Landscape (a) Highway landscape plantation, re-vegetation of highway embankments Within this section -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU and other slopes, edge treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as of highway, and all per either detailed design or typical design guidelines given as part of locations used for the Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of quarry sites, unwanted earth, spoil material, away from the highwaysides and from burrow pits, other work places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to asphalt plant, the Engineer or as per Clause 2.1.1. concrete batching plants, workshops and labour camps

127

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared -Do- -Do- -do- -do- away in full, all rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and highwaysides, workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 2.13.2 Utilities and Highwayside Amenities (a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were Places where bus -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU removed/ relocated during the construction unless the Engineer directed shelters are the contractor not to do so. located along the highway. (b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional At all locations -do- -do- purposes of utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. The where electricity, arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be telecommunication informed to the Engineer in writing(advance work). Contractor shall and water supply assist the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimize lines need to be disruption to such services. shifted (c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall Within this section - -do- -do- immediately inform the service provider and help to restore the service of highway without delay. 2.13.3 Highway Furniture (a) Highway furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash Within this section Design Contractor RDA/PMU barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any of highway cost/ other such items will be provided as per design given in the Bid Engineerin Documents. g cost (b) Intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, highwayside protection and other -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- structures or furniture shall be constructed, complete with the landscape g cost elements as per design in the above manner. 2.14 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer Within this section - Contractor RDA/PMU following the award of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be of highway during the primary point of contact for assistance with all environmental issues construction during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/ She shall be period responsible for ensuring the implementation of EMP. (b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison -Do- - -do- -do- and to handle public complaints regarding environmental/ social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are 128

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision received, with the action taken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The Within this section - -do- -do- complain register shall be placed at a convenient place, easily of highway during accessible by the public. construction period

At local authority and divisional secretary offices (Thambalagamuw a and Trincomalee) (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement Within this section - -do- -do- (EMS) clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the of highway during EMP is implemented. It is required from the contractor to prepare the construction EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more than one site period at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review. 3.0 Operational stage 3.1 Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris. Regular clearing/ cleaning and maintenance of all culverts to reduce the At all hydraulic Maintenan RDA chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of structures within ce cost RDA should be followed to maintain the highway drainage system this section of highway

3.2. Highway safety A management plan should be formulated with the local police to avoid Within this section Maintenan RDA RDA, LA any vehicle to carry loads that exceed the carrying capacity (load) of the of highway ce cost (local police) rehabilitated highway. Weigh stations could be introduced at selected locations to measure the load of vehicle. 3.3 Encochement of new ROW Continuous monitoring and strict regulations should be followed to avoid Within this section Maintenan RDA RDA the encroachment. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of of highway ce cost Chief Engineer and Provincial Director should conduct regular checking along the highway and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW. 129

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 3.4 Loss, damage or disruption to fauna

Placing warning signs at locations where wild animal movement The highway Engineerin RDA RDA, DWLC corridors cross the highway. section within g cost Naval Headwork’s Such sign posts should be placed at least 1 km before approaching the sanctuary (178- area in order for the drivers to be more vigilant and reduce speed 184.7 km) Kantale forest reserve (km184.7- 191) RDA/PIU= Project Implementation Unit, LA= Local authority, RDA= Road Development authority, NWS&DB= National Water Supply & Drainage Board, DoF= Department of Forest, SLT= Sri Lanka Telecom, EMoP= Environmental Monitoring Plan, EPL= Environmental Protection License, GSMB= Geological Survey and Mines Bureau, DWLC= Department of wildlife conservation

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Annexure 6.2 (a)

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMoP) FOR THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (Rehabilitation and upgrading of Kanthale (157km) to Thambalagamuwa (178km) section of A006 Highway-Package 5)

Environmental Project Parameters Location1 Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Air Quality Design and TSPM, PM10, 1.Kanthale (160km) Design: 1 NAAQS of Rs 648,000 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction NOx , CO, SOx , 2. Thambalagamuwa time Sri Lanka 12,000 through stage Pb (178km) Construction: per approved 3. Asphalt plant /s 8 times in 18 sample monitoring 4. Burrow pit /s months agency 5. Crusher plant /s 6. Quarry site/s Operation TSPM, PM10, 1. Kanthale (160km) 2 times NAAQS of Rs 48,000 RDA through RDA/ESD stage NOx, CO, HC, 2. Thambalagamuwa Sri Lanka 12,000 approved Pb, SOx (178km) per monitoring sample agency Water Quality Design and EC, pH, DO, 1. Kanthale tank Design: CEA Rs 6,000 216,000 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction TSS, BOD, Oil (157 km) 1time advisory per through stage and grease, 2. Stream at culvert Construction: guidelines sample approved Lead, E. Coli No. 164/5 8 times in 18 monitoring 3. Stream at Bridge months agency No.169/2 4. Stream at culvert No. 173/2 Operation EC, pH, DO, 1. Kanthale tank 2 times CEA Rs 6,000 48,000 RDA through RDA/ESD stage TSS, BOD, Oil (157 km) advisory per approved and grease, 2. Stream at culvert guidelines sample monitoring Lead, E. Coli No. 164/5 agency 3. Stream at Bridge No.169/2 4. Stream at culvert No. 173/2 Noise Levels Design and dB levels 1. Kanthale (160km) Design: 1 National Rs 607,500 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction 2. Thambalagamuwa Construction: Environment 13,500 through stage (178km) 8 times in 18 al (Noise per approved 3. Asphalt plant /s months Control) sample monitoring 4. Crusher plant /s Regulations day agency 5. Quarry site/s 1996(no. 924/12) Operation dB levels 1. Kanthale (160km) 2 times National Rs 54,000 RDA through RDA/ESD stage 2.Thambalagamuwa Environment 13,500 approved (178km) al (Noise per monitoring Control) sample agency 131

Environmental Project Parameters Location1 Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Regulations day 1996(no. 924/12) Flora Design and Replanting of On either side of the 1 visit Diversity of Rs 20,000 RDA, through RDA/ESD Construction trees road within the Right species 20,000 recognized stage of Way (from 157 km replanted per visit community to 178 km) based organization Operation Survival of trees On either side of the 1 visit Percentage Rs 20,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage road within the Right of survival 20,000 of Way (from 157 km per visit to 178 km) Fauna Design stage Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA/ESD species area with special 20,000 attention to Naval per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to 178 km) Construction Diversity of Project influencing 4 visits Rs 80,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage species area with special during 18 20,000 attention to Naval months per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to 178 km) Operation Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage species area with special 20,000 attention to Naval per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to 178 km) Total SLR. 1,821,500 US$. 16,150.91

Note:

TSPM = Total Suspended Particulate Matter, PM10 = Respirable Particulate Matter < 10m diameter, NOx = Oxides of Nitrogen, CO = Carbon Monoxide, SOx = Oxides of Sulphur, Pb = Lead, HC = Hydro Carbons, EC = Electrical Conductivity, DO = Dissolved Oxygen, TSS = Total Suspended Solids, BOD = Biological Oxygen demand, ESD = Environmental and Social Division, RDA = Road Development Authority. 1$ = SLRs. 112.78 (June, 2010)

1 Number of replicates and sampling locations could be varied according to the requirement once the EMoP is implemented Water quality will be measured both in upstream and down stream

It is mandatory that the contractor through the National Building and Research Organization of Sri Lanka to carry out monitoring of above environmental parameters as required in the respective EMoPs.

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Annexure 6.2 (b)

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMoP) FOR THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Kanthale (160km) to Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway)

Environmental Project Parameters Location1 Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Air Quality Design and TSPM, PM10, 1. Kanthale (160km) Design: 1 NAAQS of Rs Rs.648,000 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction NOx , CO, SOx , 2. Trincomalee (200 time Sri Lanka 12,000 through stage Pb km) Construction: per approved 3. Asphalt plant /s 4/Yr for 2 Yrs sample monitoring 4. Burrow pit /s agency 5. Crusher plant /s 6. Quarry site/s Operation TSPM, PM10, 1. Kanthale (160km) 2 times NAAQS of Rs Rs.72,000 RDA through RDA/ESD stage NOx, CO, HC, 2. Trincomalee (200 Sri Lanka 12,000 approved Pb, SOx km per monitoring 3. Asphalt plant/s sample agency 4. Burrow pit /s 5. Crusher plant /s 6. Quarry site/s Water Quality Design and EC, pH, DO, Design: CEA Rs 6,000 Rs.1,62,000 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction TSS, BOD, Oil 1. Palam Podda 1time advisory per through stage and grease, river (183 km) Construction: guidelines sample approved Lead, E. Coli 2. Bridge (185/2) 4/Yr for 2 Yrs monitoring 3. Koddiyar bay agency (196.9 km) Operation EC, pH, DO, 1. Palam Podda 2 times CEA Rs 6,000 Rs.36,000 RDA through RDA/ESD stage TSS, BOD, Oil river (183 km) advisory per approved and grease, 2. Bridge (185/2) guidelines sample monitoring Lead, E. Coli 3. Koddiyar bay agency (196.9 km) Noise Levels Design and dB levels 1. Kanthale Design: 1 National Rs Rs.607,500 Contractor RDA/ESD Construction 1.3km, 2.7km, (160km) Construction: Environment 13,500 through stage 14.8km,16.3km, 2. Trincomalee (200 4/Yr for 2 Yrs al (Noise per approved 17.8km and km)) Control) sample monitoring 18.2km 3. Asphalt plant /s Regulations day agency 4. Crusher plant /s 1996(no. 924/12) 5. Quarry site/s

Operation dB levels Kanthale 2 times National Rs RDA through RDA/ESD 1. Rs.1,35,000 stage Environment 13,500 approved (160km) al (Noise per monitoring 2. Trincomalee Control) sample agency (200 km) 3. Asphalt plant /s Regulations day 133

Environmental Project Parameters Location1 Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) 4. Crusher plant /s 1996(no. 5. Quarry site/s 924/12) Flora Design and Replanting of On either side of the 1 visit Diversity of Rs 20,000 RDA, through RDA/ESD Construction trees road within the Right species 20,000 recognized stage of Way replanted per visit community based organization Operation Survival of trees On either side of the 1 visit Percentage Rs 20,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage road within the Right of survival 20,000 of Way per visit Fauna Design stage Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA/ESD species area with special 20,000 attention to Naval per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to184.7 km); Kanthale forest reserve (84.7 km to 191 km) and Koddiyar bay (kms 196.9-197.3,198- 200) Construction Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits/yr for Rs 80,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage species area with special 2yrs 20,000 attention to Naval per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to184.7 km); Kanthale forest reserve (84.7 km to 191 km) and Koddiyar bay (kms 196.9-197.3,198- 200) Operation Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA/ESD stage species area with special 20,000 attention to Naval per visit Headwork’s sanctuary (167.5 km to184.7 km); Kanthale forest reserve (84.7 km to 191 km) and Koddiyar bay (kms 196.9-197.3,198- 200)

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Environmental Project Parameters Location1 Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Total SLR. 156,3500 US$. 13,595.65

Note: TSPM = Total Suspended Particulate Matter, PM10 = Respirable Particulate Matter < 10m diameter, NOx = Oxides of Nitrogen, CO = Carbon Monoxide, SOx = Oxides of Sulphur, Pb = Lead, HC = Hydro Carbons, EC = Electrical Conductivity, DO = Dissolved Oxygen, TSS = Total Suspended Solids, BOD = Biological Oxygen demand, ESD = Environmental and Social Division, RDA = Road Development Authority. 1$ = SLRs. 115.00 (February, 2010) 1 Number of replicates and sampling locations could be varied according to the requirement once the EMOP is implemented 2 Water quality will be measured both in up stream and down stream

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Annexure 6.3 (a) Baseline data for ambient air quality and noise levels for rehabilitation and upgrading of Kantale (157.00km) to Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway Introduction As per the request made by Project Director, World Bank, Road Sector Assistance Project, this monitoring program has been carried out by National Building Research Organization (NBRO) to obtain baseline data prior to initiating the proposed upgrading and rehabilitation activities. Measured air, noise and water quality results are presented below. Results

Table 1: Ambient Air Quality Concentration at each parameter(μg/m3) GPS Location Time Average Coordinates SO2 NO2 CO SPM PM10 Pb 225,295.323 mE 8 hrs 11 17 3200 18 - - L6 – close to the Premises of

Irrigation, Kantale 351,565.61 mN 24 hrs - - - - 09 <0.001 L7 – Trincomalee town area, 249,469.232 mE 8 hrs 19 24 4500 39 - - at the premises of Police Station ,Port 374,748.19 mN 24 hrs - - - - 24 <0.001

Table 2: Noise levels Measured Measured Run Time Residual Background Location GPS Coordinates Time Sources Contribute (min) Noise Level Noise Level Leq (dB) L90 (dB) N6 – at 160km post, close to the 225,295.323 mE Day 15 58 43 Road noise Irrigation Department Quarters, Kantale 351,565.61 mN Night 05 52 40 Road noise, insects, wind action on trees N7 – close to the Trincomalee town 249,648.471 mE Day 15 67 59 Road noise area and Urban Council, Trincomalee 374,811.209 mN Night 05 55 45 Road noise, wind action

Table 3: Water quality 136

Sample no Time of Parameter collection Total Bio-chemical Electrical Dissolved Oil and Lead E.Coli pH and Suspended Oxygen Demand Conductivity Oxygen Grease Content (count/100 Temp. Solids (BOD at (dS/m) (DO, mg/l) 5 (µg/l) (Pb, µg/l) ml) (TSS, mg/l) 200C,mg/l) W5- D 7.8 at Welimatiy 13.00hrs 0.41 8 6 1 <500 <50 670 31.20C a Oya W6-U Palam 7.7 at Podda 11.30hrs 2.38 1 6 3 <500 <50 140 29.20C Stream

W6-D Palam 7.7 at Podda 11.00hrs 2.36 1 8 2 <500 <50 540 29.30C Stream

W7-U 7.8 at Bridge 10.00hrs 1.69 1 11 1 <500 <50 16 29.10C 185/2 W7-D 7.8 at Bridge 09.30hrs 1.82 1 7 1 <500 <50 19 29.10C 185/2 W8 7.9 at Koddiyar 08.15hrs 53.5 4 45 5 <500 <50 2 28.90C BAy W9 8.0 at Koddiyar 07.30hrs 53.3 6 37 2 <500 <50 20 28.60C Bay

Conclusion Air quality: Measured existing levels of ambient air quality parameters were within the ambient air quality standards stipulated by Central Environmental Authority (CEA). Noise levels: The measured residual noise levels at measured locations are relatively high and exceeded the permissible levels stipulated by CEA due to the noise contribution by vehicular noise and other sources.

137

Annexure 6.3 (b)

Baseline data for ambient air quality and noise levels for rehabilitation and upgrading of Kantale (157.00km) to Trincomalee (200km) section of A006 Highway Introduction As per the request made by Project Director, World Bank, Road Sector Assistance Project, this monitoring program has been carried out by National Building Research Organization (NBRO) to obtain baseline data prior to initiating the proposed upgrading and rehabilitation activities. Measured air, noise and water quality results are presented below. Results Table 1: Ambient Air Quality Concentration at each parameter(μg/m3) GPS Location Time Average Coordinates SO2 NO2 CO SPM PM10 Pb 225,295.323 mE 8 hrs 11 17 3200 18 - - L6 – close to the Premises of

Table 2: Noise levels Measured Measured Run Time Residual Background Sources Location GPS Coordinates Time (min) Noise Level Noise Level Contribute Leq (dB) L90 (dB) N6 – at 160km post, close to the 225,295.323 mE Day 15 58 43 Road noise Irrigation Department Quarters, Kantale 351,565.61 mN Night 05 52 40 Road noise, insects, wind action on trees N7 – close to the Trincomalee town 249,648.471 mE Day 15 67 59 Road noise area and Urban Council, Trincomalee 374,811.209 mN Night 05 55 45 Road noise, wind action

Table 3: Water quality 138

Sample no Time of Parameter collection Bio-chemical Total Electrical Dissolved Oxygen Oil and Lead E.Coli pH and Suspended Conductivity Oxygen Demand Grease Content (count/100 Temp. Solids (dS/m) (DO, mg/l) (BOD at (µg/l) (Pb, µg/l) ml) (TSS, mg/l) 5 200C,mg/l) W5- D 7.8 at Welimatiya 13.00hrs 0.41 8 6 1 <500 <50 670 31.20C Oya W6-U Palam Podda 7.7 at 11.30hrs 2.38 1 6 3 <500 <50 140 Stream 29.20C

W6-D Palam Podda 7.7 at 11.00hrs 2.36 1 8 2 <500 <50 540 Stream 29.30C

W7-U 7.8 at 10.00hrs 1.69 1 11 1 <500 <50 16 Bridge 185/2 29.10C W7-D 7.8 at 09.30hrs 1.82 1 7 1 <500 <50 19 Bridge 185/2 29.10C W8 7.9 at 08.15hrs 53.5 4 45 5 <500 <50 2 Koddiyar BAy 28.90C W9 8.0 at 07.30hrs 53.3 6 37 2 <500 <50 20 Koddiyar Bay 28.60C

139