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A Comprehensive Review on Commelina Benghalensis L Orni et al., IJP, 2018; Vol. 5(10): 637-645. E- ISSN: 2348-3962, P-ISSN: 2394-5583 IJP (2018), Vol. 5, Issue 10 (Review Article) Received on 10 August 2018; received in revised form, 26 September 2018; accepted, 30 September 2018; published 01 October 2018 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON COMMELINA BENGHALENSIS L. (COMMELINACEAE) Proma Roy Orni 1, Hosne Jahan Shetu 2, Tanzim Khan 1, Sadman Sakib Bin Rashed 1 and Pritesh Ranjan Dash * 3 Department of Pharmacy 1, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Pharmacy 3, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Keywords: ABSTRACT: For a very long time, plants have been used worldwide as a Phytochemistry, natural medicine to treat human diseases, and it has been in many parts of the Pharmacological Activities, world, plants are used as a safe source of drugs to cure several diseases and Toxicity, Commelina benghalensis conditions through complementary medicine system. In tropical Asia and Correspondence to Author: Africa, Commelina benghalensis is a native plant and is known to have Pritesh Ranjan Dash significant pharmacological activities. This plant has different groups of PhD. Scholar, active biological compounds which provide C. benghalensis with such a Department of Pharmacy, wide range of pharmacological activities. C. benghalensis has been Jahangirnagar University, traditionally used for the treatment of many different diseases such as burns, Savar, Bangladesh. leprosy, sore throat, pain and inflammations and also uses as an emollient, demulcent and laxative. Several research papers on the pharmacological, E-mail: [email protected] biological and isolation of metabolites and biologically active compounds of this plant have already been done worldwide. However, many areas of study for the complete evaluation of the therapeutic values of this plant still need to be conducted. This paper briefly reviews the pharmacological status of C. benghalensis. Furthermore, this review paper is the first and most updated literature review on the plant- Commelina benghalensis. INTRODUCTION: Traditional medicines play a In many parts of tropical Asia, it is used to treat vital role in health-care services all around the infertility in women and India, it is used as bitter, world. From decades, a person all over the globe demulcent, laxative, emollient, as an anti- relies on plants and plants extracts for the treatment inflammatory and depressant 8. In China, C. of various health issues. C. benghalensis is being benghalensis is used as diuretic and febrifuge 9. In used as a part of the traditional medicinal system to Africa, Pakistan and other parts of Asia, it is cure different diseases. It has been used for the common nutritional vegetation 10. treatment of pain, constipation, headache, leprosy, 1, 2, 3 In many parts of India, this plant is a widely used fever, snake bite and jaundice . It has also been 21 used in the treatment of mouth thrush 4, epilepsy 5, ethnomedicinal plant for various diseases . In insanity 6, and psychosis 7. Nepal, the paste of the Commelina benghalensis is being utilized to treat smolders, and the root-juice QUICK RESPONSE CODE is used for the treating acid reflux 11. This plant is DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.5(10).637-45 also used to feed domestic animals, and in many parts of southern Asia, it is also eaten by humans. The article can be accessed online on In Malaysia, Philippines and India, C. benghalensis www.ijpjournal.com is considered as a refrigerant and astringent and is 30 being used for strangury . In Bangladesh, this DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.5(10).637-45 plant is used as an anti-dote for snakebites, burns International Journal of Pharmacognosy 637 Orni et al., IJP, 2018; Vol. 5(10): 637-645. E- ISSN: 2348-3962, P-ISSN: 2394-5583 and swelling 30. This plant is reported to possess Plant Description: Commelina benghalensis Linn. remarkable therapeutic properties. Chemical belongs to the family Commelinaceae is a perennial constituents and extracts obtained from this plant native herb found in most parts of tropical Asia and have shown important pharmacological properties Africa. This plant is commonly known as Benghal which are used for the treatment of various dayflower or dew flower 12. It is large, meander diseases. Literature also shows that C. benghalensis herbs that appears once every year and reaches a is used for the treatment of night blindness, pain height up to 40 cm long and have roots with basal including headaches, toothaches, cataracts, nodes. This plant can be characterized by its conjunctivitis; several skin diseases such as acne, attractive and little bluish-violet flowers. Leaves scabies, eczema, warts, sleep disorders and mental are oval and elliptic or in some plants; it appears illness 30. This plant is also found to be used as a oblong, slightly triangular, dark-bright green in folk medicine for treating infertility in women, in color and almost about 4-7 cm in length. The spates Lesotho and Cameroon, the stem extract of are, funnel-shaped, green, compressed and about Commelina benghalensis is used for wound 1.5 cm long. The capsules of this plants are broadly healing, as a laxative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory ovoid-oblong and are about 4-5 mm long. Seeds are and febrifuge 30, 61, 62. ovoid. TABLE 1: PLANT DESCRIPTION Picture Name Description Seed The seeds are slightly oval and come in few sizes Seedling C. benghalensis seedling Growing Plant Leaves ovate or elliptical, acuminate, 3-7 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide with base narrowed into a petiole Leaves and blue- Commelina benghalensis has bright purple-bluish flower flower Flowering shoot Shoot showing flower-bearing stolons and this plant can form new roots when leaf nodes are planted or come in contact with soil Root system C. benghalensis root system with nodes International Journal of Pharmacognosy 638 Orni et al., IJP, 2018; Vol. 5(10): 637-645. E- ISSN: 2348-3962, P-ISSN: 2394-5583 Vernacular Names: English: Day flower, Bengali: Kanaibashi, Japan: Tsuyukusa, Myanmar: Myet- cho, Philippines: Alikbangon, bias-bias, Hindi: Kanchara, India: Kanasiri, kanchara, kankaua. Sanskrit: Kanchata, Nepal: Kane, Arab: Hadaib, China: Fàn bāo cǎo, Finland: Intiansoljo, France: Commélyne du Bengale, Malayalam: Adukka- vettila, Marathi: Kena, Sundanese: Gèwor, Tamil: Aduthinnathalai, Portugal: Trapoeraba, Sudah: FIG. 1: BRIGHT BLUE COLORED FLOWER AND Rekondo; Awowa, Vietnam: Dau-rieu Laos: Nya THE WHOLE PLANT Kabpi Hyai, Thailand: Phak plaap, Indonesia: Brambangan. Distribution: The species is native to tropical and 13 subtropical Asia and Africa . C. benghalensis is Phytoconstituents: Various studies have shown also found in Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Bhutan, India, that ethanol and aqueous extract of different parts Nepal, China, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, of Commelina benghalensis contains chemical Cambodia, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the groups such as oils and fats, alkaloids, lactones and Philippines, and Pakistan. The plant has also been coumarins, triterpenoids and steroids, resins, widely introduced beyond its range to North and reducing agents, phenols and tannins, amino acids, South America, the Indian and Pacific Ocean quinones, flavonoids, astringents, saponins 16. Then Islands and Australia. Later, this plant is introduced again, in other studies, C benghalensis also showed in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, United States and the presence of salicylic acid, P-coumarins, 14 Barbados . The species is a perennial and annual resorcinol, tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, 8- growing and is cultivated or disturbed in places hydroxyquinoline, caffeic acid, tannic acid, quinol, such as roadsides, waste ground as well as in moist resorcinol, catechol and anthocyanin 17, 18, 19. The grassland, thickets and bushland, woodland, tree flower showed the presence of dominant plantations and along watercourses; in the forest, anthocyanin is cyanidin 3,7,3'-triglucoside, 14 forest margins and riverine forest . acylated with caffeic acid. Other hydroxycinnamic acids are also present. Taxonomical Classification: Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae FIG. 2: LUTEIN Class: Monocotyledonae Order: Commelinales Family: Commelinaceae Genus: Commelina Species: C. benghalensis FIG. 3: β- CAROTENE Synonyms: Commelina cucullata L., Commelina It has been seen that the flavones. C-glycosides are delicatula Schltdl, Commelina hirsuta R. Br, the dominant compounds, found in the majority of Commelina mollis Jacq, Commelina nervosa Burm. the species of this plant. Ravonol O-glycosides are f., Commelina poligama Fern. -Vill., Commelina present in few of the species where quercetin being 17, 18, 19 procurrens Schltdl., Commelina prostrata Regel, the most frequent aglycone . An extensive Commelina radiciflora R. Br. ex C. B. Clarke, phytochemical investigation revealed the presence Commelina rhizocarpa Afzel. ex C. B. Clarke, of an alkanol and sterol with a mixture of n- Commelina senegalensis Ten, Commelina octacosanol, n-triacontanol, n-doctriacontanol in turbinata Vahl, Commelina turbinate Valh, the alkanol and stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol and 63 Commelina uncata C. B. Clarke, Commelina campesterol in sterol in the ratio 2:1:1 . Lutein and villosiuscula Sol. ex C. B. Clarke 15. zeaxanthin contents were also reported in another International Journal of Pharmacognosy 639 Orni et al., IJP, 2018; Vol. 5(10): 637-645. E- ISSN: 2348-3962, P-ISSN:
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