1% i y Cs Ffoooy National Archives N 2% Le of 1h

THE ROYAL HOUSE OF THE HEREROS OF NAMIBIA

Land cuestion National Conference on the Land reform and the

in NAMIBIA: THE HLREPOS ' VIEW.

[HE ilLKEROS, Presented by: PAKFAMOUNT CHIEF Of

DF. KUATMA EIFUAKO.

June 25 - July 1, 1991. WINDHOEK

NAMIBIA.

the land reform and the land auestion by Lr. K. Kiruako.

INTROLUCTICON.

Namibia is free and the land reform should be treated in a just way to eliminate the last vestiges of national oppression and to foster the origina’ rights of nationalities of the land in accordance with the new democratic principles of Constitution as well as to entrench the sauality of nationalities in Namibia befnre the law. ’

Presently, the golden cause of the Exterminated in Namibia and his/her sole rights as to the loss of land, lies decided in his/her political skills for democracy, national reconciliation and nation building. Thus, the cost of national extermination and dispossession of land and other movable property should be taken very serious. The Namibian people who lost their livelihood through colonial expropriation of land must be listened to and be fully given communal landownership. As farmers, they need to be accorded comprehensive Land Bank's credit to buy back the holy land of their ancestry in Namibia.

Certainly, unreasonable and deliberate provocations on the land reform will end up into a bloody war of destruction without a winner. Therefore, the special urgency of the land question in our country, at this time, must be concrete and historical. It must also address itself to the frank reconnition of our people's right to land and the develcoment and improvement of agriculture in general and stock farming in particular.

The are certain that their genuine and patriotic resolve durina the struggle for national independence and their political cooperation with other groups and political parties, was key to the tctal Namibian political redress and had paved the way for the establishment of democracy in Namibia.

At all times in the , the Herero people invested power in the people of Namibia and exercised that power in line with the wishes and aspirations of the whole Namibian people. Now that this country is free and sovereign, the Herero people would like to vote the new powers of independent Namibia to be perfected into strong and responsible administrative regions and constituencies throughout the country. Nevertheless, the people living in such regions and constituencies should be respected. In the past, the National Concordance of the Chiefs'Councils aimed at the’ Bill of Fundamental Rights and the creation of a democratic Government by the people for the people in Namibia. Thus, the tHereros want nothing less than the Bill of Fundamental kights and genuine democracy in the Namibian approac! to find solutions to the land question and its natural distribution (topogra- phy). Without the active participation and agreements of the Hereros, there will be no solutions to the land reform in Namibia towards everlasting peace and justice. In fact, the land under discussion is theirs and the Khoi-Khoi people of Namibia. They have the sacred duty to expose the evils of the past as well as to lay down new ways to safeguard the policy of national reconciliation and nation building. They are also prepared to face the spectre of insidious tribal domination from the North in all its manifestations in Namibia.

resesssnssansns?/ Now inasmuch as our democratic Constitution of Namibia does not permit:

1) the abolition of commercial secrecy, 2) the nationalization of banks, mines, schools, big companies; and, 3) the confiscation without any indemnizakion of the properties of large landowners, all attributed lands, all private lands and buildings with all their dependencies; - Therefore, the Hereros as represented by the HERERO ROYAL HOUSE, demand for the speedy recognition of their right to all their communal areas by the State without delay. We believe that the just solution to the land reform in Namibia must start with the mandate for communal landownership and should be as follows: a) The former colonial rights over all the "Reserved Areas'should be trans- ferred to the people and be recognised as communal patrimony. It must be registered as the private property of the land deprived citizens of the very areas. a.1) In the name of the people of the very area, the communal patrimony should be the life-interests of all who pasture and till it as the right of social support and the creation of new conditions of livina. b) The right of life-interests of communal lands should be conceded to all citizens/residents of the communal land, irrespective sex and the social status. : c) The life-interests of land must be equalitarian, if necessary; having inte consideration the local conditions of the area and of the people in the specific communal area. d) The forms of life-inkterests of land must be intirely free, domes:ic and communal or by arrangement in conformity of what different villages and communities decide. e) The immediate creation of the Agrarian Fund of communal ownership, subjected to periodical harmonious sharing with the growth of the popula- tion, of cattle farming, elevation of productivity and of technical level of agriculture in all spheres of life; and,

£) The State approval of the FNLC (ENOK) stock farming programmes for the Herero communal lands.

Surely, the question of land in all its dimension can only be resolved by the active participation of the indigenous Committees on land reform of the people of Namibia who practically lost their land.

Therefore, the HERERO ROYAL HOUSE would like to present an Expert document of its Committee on the matter.

wenn eensenssd/ —-3-

A. The Lang Rights, Reform and Resettlement Committee of the Hereros of the Hereros), during its deliberations from 14.20,February 1991 had i defined ; the llerero pastoralists in the h foll o owing four main categories, they

b) historical farmers, c) communal farmers and : 3) Petty commercial farmers. : = n short, cultural famers pursue the accordance with a specific caste hy Lary Setilecisen Faiming da The historical farmers with no difference as to the caste order put special emphasis on the habitat or place of farming and its history no matter whether the locality is suitable to farming or not. . The communal farmers are communally orientated and the community of clans come first. Secondly, the ad personam adoration of large herds of cattle are considered part of the great pride of the communes. The petty commercial farmers are small farmers with commercial aspirations, a especially amongst the young generations. They consider modern farming on from small scale as ideal.Such farming can be qualified as distant farming the normal cultural and historical farming.

land to the Before any normal and just survey and distribution of communal of the Hereros communal farmers according to their classes, the LRRRC the original sizes of requests for a thorough investigation and study into and redistribution all communal lands. The injustices of lands distribution not to commit the in the past must be determined and serve as a guideline same mistakes of colonialism in Namibia. their communal lands through- The right to land for the llerero farmers over a matter of life and death. It is out the breadth and length of Namibia is to life, to freedom, to culture and stock farming. fundamental to life, to farmers need their rights to land, Even the children of communal whom chlldren elsewhere. in the world for happiness and property like other their lives. we are spending our energies to perfect the vestiges State must be careful not to entrench In that regard our younger in Freedom in Namibia must be felt oppression of the past history. of national right to, property of all citizens and above all the recognition of the living of their skin. social status, sex and the colour irrespective their through its in Namibia must be remmembered Colonialism and its consequences and so the 1915-1944 and 1945-1990, March 20; three faces, e.i. 1884-1914, must be discussions of the land's issue preparations, study and genuine . understood and analized in that background according to their 21,1990 the Herero people,like others Today after March communal rights and fighting for the recognition of thelr needs; are still within the of private patrimony of the Hereros for the just attainment patrimony the only designated Herero communal existing Herero communal lands, where exterminations death camps of labour and physical after the horrible and about 1000 were put at 7318 officially in Namibia the Herero survivors final of the land in Namibia will for of them reached Botswana. The question of the Government of the day as test the correctness and honesty reasons, the llerero people in groups towards the cause of well as the non-exterminated an independent Namibia.

people are continuing to experience: Presently, the llerero water in arazing, shortage of underground a) the horrors of yearly aftermath Eiseb-block, Otjinene, Omaheke, areas such as Rietfontein, Epukiro, Okamatapati and Otjituuo; infrastructure of water like water-— b) the absence, if not lack of adequate for areas like Ovitoto, Otjimbingwe, tanks, ground dams and water supply Okaoko and Omatjettej;

c) lack of Land Bank's credit, een -4 -

: of communal d) Lack of 12 not limi balcanization and fencing lands, ' mited surveying,

plants and bush- ‘e) ra Lack of agricultural assistance t o control poisonous

hi £) State alienation of ‘the Hereros n ot to qualify for lando ¥ : woaeship of thei sofar retained communal lands;

of the balcanized communal areas to g) the deliberate delay of distribution Rietfontein and parts, of nha in Aminuls (corridor), Okamatapati, uuo.

to happiness and is free and all citizens are entittled B. Now that Namibia and Resettlement people and its Land's Rights, Reform development, the Herero coming the Government of the day and the Committee would like to request of the to consider the immediate recognition Conference on the Land's issue lands without delay. Hereros'rights to their communal like to recommend the people and its Committee would Furthermore, the Herero the undermentioned equilibrate development of following approach as to the communal lands:

% OVITOTO and OTJ IMB LNGWE : (small 1. and the number of its stock i.) ovitoto grazing strength and determined. and big) must be compared of farmers accordin be a definite differentiation ii) There must thereafter permanent capacity in Ovitoto and to their stock be pursuit. farmers in Ozoserekaze settlement of stock be settled in Eiseb - stock farmers should 11i) The rest of the Block. for otjimbingu should be in force also iv) The Ovitote situation and Omatjette.

farmers ir 2. AMINUIS: of Aminuis stock and permanent settlement i) Permission authorized. farm basis should be the corridor on the and b into farms, fenced be surveyed, balcanized ©11) Aminuls must farmers.’ ‘given to its stock the power to maintain farmers who are having 1ii) Aminuis stock be assisted to the Gobabls Area should commercial farms in in the to buy commercial farms obtain Land Bank's credit region. from be given to the stock farmers iv) Houmoed (Otoue) should as private farms. Aminuis by the State

¢ RIETFONTEIN-BLOCK (OTJOMBINDE) Rietfontein area 3. water supply to the whole 1) Water-drilling and places in Riet- fencing of the balcanized ii) Water-drilling and of and owned by stock farmers fontein which are jdentified Rietfontein. 5 ~

411) Interested stock c farme mers a nd a 11 those who are havin 9 financial power po Lo buy commercial 2 fa arms outside Rietfontekn s gel the necessary credit from the Land Bank nT Ne helped

iv) A ft er complete on let balca alcoaniza i ii ° n and n dismtributd a u Lon ° £ 1 an d i n Riatf a ontein tel over to Riet etfonteln : should be handed Eholr original Owners.

4. OKAMATAPATI:

should get 1) The Suciyed ares of Okamatapatl which is in need of water anland as well as the Namibia ee supply up to. the border with Bushmanland

be surveyed, All unsurveyed area of the llerero communal lands should 11) communal stock balcanized, fenced and be given to the respective farmers. Okamatapati as area falls under Rietfontein and 4111) Eastern Otjituuo ~ far as development is concerned.

5. EISEB-BLOCK: supplied, fenced surveyed, balcanized, water 1) The Eiseb-block must be all Herero farmers from the rest of ‘and be distributed to stock communal lands in Namibia. jikurioma) efforts should with poisonous plants (ot 41) In areas affected breeders of the small and big wild animal be made to promote financing. to provide agricultural communal lands and

U 6. EPUKIRO/OTJ LNENE/OKONDIA or EPUR DS CENTRAL): OKAKARARA/OKOTJ LTUVO( lands area of the Herero communal eastern and western 1) Each and every and supplied with water. should be examined without walter supply all the balcanization with complete survey and stock These areas after to communal 11) must be redistributed necessary infrastructure : ' farmers of the reglon. (west/east) areas for themselves who have fenced inspection 111) Stock farmers subjected to the areas should be in llerero communal an economic unit. area whether 1t constitute of the size of the

7. KAOKOVELD: facts that about aware of the undisputable The llerero people are area are cultural in Kaokoland communal of the stock farmers people suggest 90% Therefore, the Herero , Lf not historical. of eastern farmers balcanization and fencing for the lmmedlate surveying, The rest of into economic farm units. and southern Kaokoland of communal orienta- up into large type should be divided as well as Kaokoland water and electricity be supplied with to ted farms and to accessibility of roads to facllltate speedy improvement of cultural the areas. For the persevation desert and mountenous

vive ws viwere wis BF traditions and increase in cattle breeding of the Nguni-type, and boreholes drilling in Kaokoland should be a priority. The Herero people are convinced that the creation of a free market in Kaokoland should be carried out hand in hand with the erection of agricultural centres of learning in the field of new cattle farming and horticulture.

In the interests of Kaokoland stock farmers, the arazine lands of Kaokoland bordering to Etosha National Park must be restored by,shifting the border- line to that of Otjovazandu as it was in the past. The tourists potential in Kaokoland should be developed, especially at Ongongo, Oruvandjei, Kaoko-Otavi Epupa and others.

8.COMMEKCTAL FARM LANDS:

The commercial farms of Namibia comprise the original great grasslands of Hereroland, Damaraland and Namaland as well as the vast hunting areas of Rushmanland. The colonial policy of the evpropriation of land had resulted into the creation of commercial farms. The Namibian Constitution has legalised the ownership of the commercial farms on the day of independence and it is now a constitutional protected private ownership. Nevertheless, today the commercial farms are of the greatest and vital economic interests of free Namibia. Thus, the Herero people earnestly welcome ‘foreign investments to improve commercial farming in Namibia. In furthering good farming relations with other countries, and especially between Namibian stock farmers and their non-resident counterparts; the HERERO ROYAL HOUSE should request the Government of Namibia to ensure the farm land of non-residents into proper economical units with high income and productivity. The commercial farms on the free market should be made available for the Namibian black stock farmers, who lost their land, to buy and to utilise for the breeding of small and big livestock. And, the productive utility of foreign owned commercial farms should be examined and promoted in the interest of economic development and to attract foreign investments in Namibia.

It is in the interests of the country's economy and development, that the disadvantaged stock farmers in the past should be given on the basis of low- loans and resettlement scheme, hank credits to purchase commercial farms on the market.

The stock farmers who are interested in commercial farming should be trained, identified and classified on the following terms of 150 mixed stock, 200 smal’ stock and with appropriate experience in farming. The Namibian agricultural potential in the fields of cattle farming and horticulture should be developed according geographical and ecological vast realities of Namibia.

As a matter of fact, the Hereros and their ROYAL HOUSE are confident that the question of land reform, is a long term issue and the State should study and define its role towards the commercial and communal farm lands of Namibia. Furthermore, the HLRERO ROYAL HOUSL would like to call om the Government of Namibia to balcanise and fence the arable communal lands of Namibia into Green productive and economic units. (3) 2 oy

DR. KUAIMA RIRUAKO

FARAMOUNT CHIEF OF THE HEREROS. AL: Tribal Map of Africa’

Okomihoko via Africa tji ja vitura.

Ios and thee ruined Mtoe, ras Tribal mop of Aller. Suureos Murded! Ye, Ales bo perp

B.1. Annex on Colonial Policy.

THE LAND POLICIES OF INTERNATIONAL IMPERIALISM IN NAMIBIA.

The forces of colonial and international imperialism had in the past embarked on: a) the destruction of the Namibian people, their confinement to reserves and setting up of colonial anti-people's agency (ies) of administration of property. b) the dubious and secret commercial practice or transactions to have the whole nation a debtor to colonialism and imported religion. c) the gradual transfer of people's land and cattle into the hands of colonial settlers, through the force of rifles and the abolition of traditional people's power organs through divide and rule imperial policy. d) And, the pursuit of colonial policy of gradual land expropriation of Africa- ns, the cunning mapping out of borders of communal lands, locality-wise and internal deportations and labour camps, in order to turn the whole people into refugees in their own country of birth.

The LRRRC of the Hereros would like to cite two striking examples from the colonial period: * s

1. Constitutional Theodor Leutwein's promulgation of the "

IMPERIAL DECREE OF 10 APRIL 1898 PERTAINING TO THE ESTABLISH: MENT OF RESERVES FOR NATIVES IN THE PROTECTORATE OF ™ will have more to reveal in future studies and analysis.

2. Commercial undertakings Six companies had involved themselves in land theft in Namibia: a) COMPANY b) SIEDLUNGSGESELLSCHAFT FUER SUEDWEST AFRIKA c) HANSEATISCHE LAND-, MINEN- UND HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT d) KAOKOLAND- UND MINENGESELLSCHAFT e) BRITISH SOUTH WEST AFRICA COMFANY £) SOUTH AFRICAN TERRITORIES (KHARASKHOMA SYNDICATE)

The Extermination Order of General Lothar von Throtha explains for itself and will serve as a cutting sword when the Hereros as a people are demanding ‘today for the Government of Namibia to recognise their inalienable right to all present-day existing Herero communal lands. Apart from its colonial German anti-Herero propaganda, trying to justify its inhuman and'fascist character of hegemonic German nature, it stated clearly that Germans in their conduct of war were aimed at annihilating the Hereros and to posses their land and property instead. The Extermination Order says in part:

" The Herero people will have to leave the country. Otherwise I shall force them to do so by means of guns. Within the German boundaries, every Herero, whether found armed or unarmed, with or without cattle, will be shot. I shall not accept any more women and children. I shall drive them back to their people - otherwise I shall order shots to be fired at them. These are my words to the Herero people."

That Order of the German General was declared and carried out against the Hereros. Furthermore, modern slavery in Namibia was marked by the entry of the " IMPERIAL DECREE OF 26 DECEMBER 1905 PERTAINING TO THE SEQUESTRATION OF PROPERTY OF NATIVES IN THE PROTECTORATE OF SOUTH WEST AFRICA". The misdeeds of German troops were further testified under oath by collabora- tors such as Jan Cloete from Omaruru, Johannes Kriiger from Gaub and Hendrik Campell from Rehoboth. ceseceaa2/ . .

The LRRRC of the Hereros would like to commend on the Gt German imperialist polic Sovaeas Ovamboland and its political consequences during the tenn ¥ struggle and today, facing the coming National Conference on Land Reform.

THE HERERO COMMENTARY:

The Germans had left the Ovambos in peace as a matter of agreed upon German policy, in order to use the Ovambos latter as free wage- labourers in Namibia, while the Hereros, Namas and Damaras are being treated as forced slave-labourers without the ownership of land. In that background, the letter and spirit of the then contract system in who Namibia which imported the Ovambos down South never loose in sight who is in Namibia. t the Therefore, in the first and last expression of Namibi'an independence leadership question of land reform and that of the state power, traditional principles and culture and how they should be tackled and on what fundamental should be number 1 (one) in the Namibian politics. fashion, the people Talking about their majority in a clear tribal reactionary the colonialists who do of Ovamboland have angered the whole of Namibia except not bother themselves with the unpatriotic Ovambo nationalism. them to declare The Ovambo greed for land, money and absolute power had made and today. war against the landless Namibian compatriots in the past of ‘Ovamboland. This is the first and historic unforgiveable tradegy DURING THE STRUGGLE FOR THE HISTORY OF BETRAYAL PLAYED BY SWAPO LEADERSHIP TO BE IDENTICAL TO THAT OF NATIONAL LIBERATION OF NAMIBIA WAS AND CONTINUE HERMANUS VAN WYK OF REHOBOTH DURING 1904-7.

ownership, the LRRRC of the Herero: In memory of precious just struggle for land Declaration of War and Last Order to would like to cite King Samuel Maharero's His People. js of little avail, for each obedience and patience with the Germans " All our to you, my dead for no reason at all. Hence I appeal day they shoot someone so uprising, but to make your voice heard Brother, not to hold aloof from the the Germans. Let us die fighting that all Africa may take up arms against imprisonment or some other cala- rather than die as a result of maltreatment, rise and do battle". mity. Tell all the Kapteins down there to Witbool from ) (A letter to Hendrik S.Maharero Ga. 11-01-1904)

DECLARATION OF WAR. THE the Herero I hereby " In my capacity as Supreme C hief of lay their hands upon the English, the decree and resolve that none of my people the Boers. We shall not lay violent Bastaards, the Berg Damara, the Nama and pledge not to make this known to any- hands on any of these.I have made a solemn one, including the missionaries.” our clandestine meetings our Daniel Kariko's statement further explained:"At German women and children. The mission- Chiefs decided to spare the lives of all men were regarded as our aries, too, were to be spared ..... Only German enemies."

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Zl Sn iy v 17 Ti Souorra NLL] SIN - (brit) = SIN AN ig 70 “7 Lreebmn Zs Addis Abeos sien dis? ew ; a Ny) LEONE ABESSINIEN fF ory 7 STE 15 N o x Y 3) I, { Ww do rrncir i ANN loge dischu s.thomio uaa |) Annabone GABU tapand nae Seychellen theitd i go ¢ a i Britischer Kolonialbesitz SH Ocvrscher Kotoniatbesite (ITD Franzdsische Kolonie ©; = CZ) Spanische Kolonie AE Ar) | ; JY I i wie £23 Fortugiesische Kolonie CS nrete 2 lis [ZZ nratienisehe Kolonie = AF > ju Riyoian Walfisch- Bak —— Grenze um ISTH 5 ] q|= rin) 197A) -1885- Grenzverirag sre argue ! X Imoerislistische Kriegszige zur Unterwer(ung der Gebiete W Anh-imperialistische Aufstinde SSN or 00 lg ne G. = GAMBIA 101 PG. - PORT.GUINEA 10s ns SODAF RIL HION 8. - BASUTOLAND 10s Tort Clirsberh S. - SWASILAND iase 0.R.- ORANJE-FREISTAAT 51902 Aurenren LL TRANSVAAL bis 1502 Byrencroutlih Legend to map from top to bottom Port. Guinea 1884 — Frontiers in 1914 P.G. — British colony - 1868 treaty B. Basutoland — German colony — Frontier to S. Swaziland 1894 colony — Imperialist campaign — French Orange Free State, till subjugate area QO. R. — Spanish colony Pepublic — Anti-imperialist rising 1902 Boer — Portuguese colony 1902 Boer Republic 1816 I Transvaal, tll — ltalian colony ! G. Gambia

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1936 ETE Scale 10 0 1 40 Ko AO 100 EET

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anthanie [40 [I com: rr 1 KAQKOVFLO Ludentzh han - QVAMAOLAND ZZ Kammanshoon 2 a " 3 OF AVANGOLAND

i 4 EAST CAPRIVI i 5 DAMARALAND i 8 NUSHMANLAND i 7 HERENOLAMD ! ,- REPUBLIC OF 9 NENONOTH Ts .=..7 SOUTH AFRICA 9 T1SWAMALAND 10 MAMALAND 100 200 300 400 Km.

(11) GAME RESERVES =)

1963 Odendaal Plan: Creation of Territories and Communal lands of Namibia.