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Texto Completo (1.988Mb) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS ESTRATÉGICOS INTERNACIONAIS ARNALDO TIMÓTEO MASSANGAIE A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DE MOÇAMBIQUE E SUA INSERÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL Porto Alegre 2017 ARNALDO TIMÓTEO MASSANGAIE A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DE MOÇAMBIQUE E SUA INSERÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da UFRGS como requisito parcial e final à obtenção do título de Doutor em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais, área de concentração Política Internacional Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira Porto Alegre 2017 CIP - Catalogação na Publicação Massangaie, Arnaldo Timóteo A política externa de Moçambique e sua inserção no processo de integração regional na Africa Austral / Arnaldo Timóteo Massangaie. -- 2017. 274 f. Orientadora: Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2017. 1. Moçambique. 2. Política externa. 3. África Austral. I. Pereira, Analúcia Danilevicz , orient. II. Título. Elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração Automática de Ficha Catalográfica da UFRGS com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). ARNALDO TIMÓTEO MASSANGAIE A POLÍTICA EXTERNA DE MOÇAMBIQUE E SUA INSERÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE INTEGRAÇÃO REGIONAL NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da UFRGS como requisito parcial e final à obtenção do título de Doutor em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais, área de concentração Política Internacional Aprovada em: Porto Alegre, 27 de março de 2017. BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profª Drª Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira – Orientadora UFRGS Prof. Dr. Paulo Fagundes Visentini UFRGS Prof. Dr. Carlos Arturi UFRGS Prof. Dr. Igor Castellano da Silva UFSM À minha mãe Rosalina que, no meio de grandes dificuldades, acreditou em mim e me encorajou a olhar com fé nos desafios que a vida nos impõe. A minha esposa, Marcela, aos filhos Lilly, Álvaro e Tony pelo encorajamento e paciência durante as prolongadas ausências na prossecução de estudos e realização dos demais trabalhos académicos. A toda a minha família, o meu profundo reconhecimento e abraços. AGRADECIMENTOS Depois desta longa caminhada de aprendizado, não posso deixar de agradecer a Deus pela proteção e orientação. Não posso, também, me esquecer das valiosas contribuições que direta ou indiretamente me foram dadas por várias personalidades e instituições, ciente de que não poderei incluir a todas. Porém queria endereçar o meu profundo e especial agradecimento à minha orientadora, Professora Dra. Analúcia Danilevicz Pereira pelo apoio incondicional que me deu ao longo do meu percurso académico ao nível do doutorado e pela orientação durante a pesquisa e elaboração desta tese. Agradecimento especial vai igualmente para o Prof. Paulo Visentini que muito tem feito para apoiar o processo de formação de quadros superiores Moçambicanos. Foi com a grande colaboração do Professor Dr. Paulo Gilberto Fagundes Visentini que acabei ingressando no curso de doutorado em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais tendo recebido dele um grande apoio ao longo da minha estadia em Porto Alegre. Agradecer ainda ao Sr. Vice-Ministro da Defesa da República de Moçambique, Dr. Patrício José que, na qualidade de Reitor do Instituto Superior de Relações Internacionais de Moçambique (ISRI), acreditou em mim e me concedeu a bolsa de estudos que permitiu a frequência neste curso. Profundos agradecimentos ao Magnífico Vice-Reitor do ISRI, Prof. Dr. José Magode pelo apoio moral e intelectual por ele concedido ao longo de todo o processo de frequência do curso. Agradeço ainda ao Prof. Dr. Hilário Cau e muitos outros colegas do ISRI pelo encorajamento e colaboração durante o curso. Não deixarei de reconhecer a importante contribuição que me foi dada pelo Centro Regional de Documentação e Pesquisa da África Austral (SARDC), em Harare, Zimbábue. Agradecimento especial para Moletsi Madakufamba, Director Executivo desta instituição, e para Joseph Ngwagui, Director do Instituto de Pesquisa da SARDC, cujo contributo foi imensurável para o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre as diferentes facetas do processo de integração na África Austral. Ao Dr. Fernando Chomar, Ministro Conselheiro da Embaixada de Moçambique em Gaborone, Botswana, pelo grande apoio concedido durante a pesquisa realizada naquele país. Várias instituições nacionais deram o seu contributo para que esta tese se tornasse realidade destacando-se, entre elas, o Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação, o Ministério dos Recursos Minerais e Energia, o Ministério da Indústria e Comércio, entre outras. Reconhecendo que não poderei mencionar a todos quantos se dignaram dar o seu contributo para a materialização desta tese, o meu profundo agradecimento a todos. RESUMO A inserção internacional de Moçambique é um processo que ocorreu em fases, tendo se iniciado com os esforços empreendidos na década de 1960 pelo Dr. Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane, Primeiro Presidente da Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO). Visando criar o isolamento internacional do regime colonial Português e obter o apoio necessário para a causa da independência de Moçambique, Mondlane estabeleceu contatos com governos de vários Estados do mundo incluindo países ocidentais, países progressistas africanos e países socialistas, projetando, deste modo, a imagem de Moçambique no mundo. Iniciada com as decisões tomadas no Segundo Congresso da FRELIMO realizado em 1968, a política externa de Moçambique tinha em vista “criar mais amigos e poucos inimigos”, num contexto de bipolaridade ideológica que caracterizava a guerra-fria. O novo contexto internacional emergente no período após o fim da guerra-fria viria a originar uma redefiniçao desta política que passou a ser definida como de “criar mais amigos e mais parceiras”. A nível da região da África Austral a FRELIMO considerou sempre que a independência de Moçambique só seria completa com a libertação de todos os países da região que ainda se encontravam sob a dominação de regimes coloniais e minoritários tendo dado o seu apoio incondicional à luta de libertação do Zimbábue, África do Sul e Namíbia, para além do seu grande empenho no processo de cooperação e integração regional. É neste contexto que se pode enquadrar esta tese cujo tema é “a política externa de Moçambique e sua inserção na região da África Austral” a qual procura, através de uma vasta revisão bibliográfica, analisar os contornos que estiveram à volta da afirmação de Moçambique como Estado reconhecido no concerto das nações tanto a nível regional como internacional. Palavras-Chave: Moçambique. Política externa. África Austral. ABSTRACT The international insertion of Mozambique is a process that took place in phases, starting with the efforts made in the 1960s by Dr. Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane, First President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO). In order to create the international isolation of the Portuguese colonial regime and obtain the necessary support for the cause of Mozambique's independence, Mondlane established contacts with governments in several states of the world including Western countries, progressive African countries and socialist countries, thus projecting the image of Mozambique in the world. Initiated by the decisions taken at the Second FRELIMO’s Congress held in 1968, Mozambique's foreign policy aimed to "create more friends and few enemies" in a context of ideological bipolarity that characterized the Cold War. The new emerging international context in the period after the end of the Cold War would lead to a redefinition of this policy, which was defined as "creating more friends and more partners". At the level of the southern African region FRELIMO always considered that Mozambique's independence would only be complete with the liberation of all the countries of the region that were still under the domination of colonial and minority regimes and gave its unconditional support to the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Namibia, in addition to its strong commitment to regional cooperation and integration. It is in this context that one can frame this thesis whose theme is "the foreign policy of Mozambique and its insertion in the region of Southern Africa" which seeks, through a vast bibliographical review, to analyze the contours that were around the affirmation of Mozambique as State recognized in the concert of nations at both regional and international levels. Keywords: Mozambique. Foreign policy. Southern Africa. RÉSUMÉ L'intégration internationale du Mozambique est un processus qui a eu lieu en plusieurs étapes, après avoir commencé avec les efforts dans les années 1960 par le Dr Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane, Premier Président du Front de libération du Mozambique (FRELIMO). Visant à créer l'isolement international du régime colonial portugais et obtenir le soutien nécessaire pour la cause de l'indépendance du Mozambique, Mondlane a établi des contacts avec les gouvernements de divers pays du monde, y compris les pays occidentaux, les pays progressistes africains et les pays socialistes, projetant ainsi l'image du Mozambique dans le monde. Initié avec les décisions prises lors du deuxième Congrès FRELIMO en 1968, la politique étrangère du Mozambique
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