DOCSLIB.ORG

Lateralität Bei Pferden Im Zusammenhang Mit Flucht- Und Erkundungsverhalten

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lateralität Bei Pferden Im Zusammenhang Mit Flucht- Und Erkundungsverhalten Lateralität bei Pferden im Zusammenhang mit Flucht- und Erkundungsverhalten ISBN 978-3-86345-349-7 vorgelegt von Julia Osterholz Georgsmarienhütte Julia Osterholz Hannover 2016 Verlag: Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft Service GmbH Hannover 2016 35392 Gießen · Friedrichstraße 17 · Tel. 0641 / 24466 · Fax: 0641 / 25375 E-Mail: [email protected] · Internet: www.dvg.de . Bibliografische Informationen der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; Detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. 1. Auflage 2016 © 2016 by Verlag: Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft Service GmbH, Gießen Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-86345-349-7 Verlag: DVG Service GmbH Friedrichstraße 17 35392 Gießen 0641/24466 [email protected] www.dvg.de Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Lateralität bei Pferden im Zusammenhang mit Flucht- und Erkundungsverhalten INAUGURAL – DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades einer Doktorin der Veterinärmedizin - Doctor medicinae veterinariae - (Dr. med. vet.) vorgelegt von Julia Osterholz Georgsmarienhütte Hannover 2016 Wissenschaftliche Betreuung: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Hackbarth, Institut für Tierschutz und Verhalten (Heim-, Labortiere und Pferde), Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover 2. Dr. Willa Bohnet, Institut für Tierschutz und Verhalten (Heim-, Labortiere und Pferde), Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover 1. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Hackbarth Institut für Tierschutz und Verhalten (Heim-, Labortiere und Pferde), Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover 2. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Sieme Reproduktionsmedizinische Einheit der Kliniken, Klinik für Pferde, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 04.11.2016 Diese Arbeit wurde gefördert durch die Hans und Helga Maus-Stiftung. Für meine Eltern Renate und Werner Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. Literaturübersicht ............................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Das Auge ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Lateralität ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.1. Lateralität, Seitigkeit ................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2. Lateralitätsphänomene, Dominanz........................................................................... 8 2.2.3. Hemisphärenlateralität .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.4. Lateralität beim Menschen ..................................................................................... 10 2.2.5. Lateralität beim Tier ................................................................................................ 15 2.2.5.1. Motorische Lateralität ....................................................................................... 15 2.2.5.2. Sensorische Lateralität .................................................................................... 17 2.3. Verhalten des Pferdes ................................................................................................. 19 2.3.1. Fluchtverhalten ....................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2. Erkundungsverhalten .............................................................................................. 21 2.4. Verhaltenstests beim Pferd ........................................................................................ 22 2.4.1. Novel Object Test ................................................................................................... 22 2.4.2. Startling Test ........................................................................................................... 24 3. Tiere, Material und Methoden ........................................................................................ 26 3.1. Die Tiere ........................................................................................................................ 26 3.2. Der Test ........................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.1. Der Testort .............................................................................................................. 26 3.2.2. Die Testbedingungen.............................................................................................. 27 3.2.3. Die Testsituationen ................................................................................................. 27 3.2.4. Das Versuchsmaterial............................................................................................. 30 3.3. Das Videomaterial ...................................................................................................... 33 3.4. Aufnahme und Auswertung der Daten ..................................................................... 34 3.5. Aufarbeitung der Daten und Statistische Auswertung ........................................... 37 4. Ergebnisse ....................................................................................................................... 38 4.1. Besitzerfragebogen ..................................................................................................... 38 4.2. Die Testsituationen ..................................................................................................... 39 4.2.1. Der Novel Object Test ............................................................................................ 39 4.2.2. Der Startling Test .................................................................................................... 41 4.3. Visuelle Lateralität ....................................................................................................... 43 4.3.1. Vergleich der intraspezifischen Augenbevorzugung bei der Objektbeobachtung 43 4.3.1.1. Novel Object Test............................................................................................. 43 4.3.1.2. Startling Test .................................................................................................... 48 4.3.2. Vergleich der monokularen und binokularen Objektbeobachtung zwischen Shetlandponys und Hannoveraner Hengsten .................................................................. 52 4.3.3. Vergleich zwischen binokularer und monokularer Objektbeobachtung................. 53 4.3.4. Vergleich der Annäherungsseite der Hannoveraner Hengste an die Testobjekte im NOT und ST ...................................................................................................................... 58 4.3.4.1. Annäherungszeit .............................................................................................. 58 4.3.4.2. Visuelle Objektbeobachtung ............................................................................ 59 4.3.5. Vergleich des Einflusses verschiedener Parameter auf die visuelle Lateralität bei Shetlandponys .................................................................................................................. 62 4.3.5.1. Rasse, Geschlecht, bevorzugte Hand, Nutzungsart, Alter.............................. 62 4.3.5.2. Startseite Objektbewegung .............................................................................. 63 4.4. Vergleich zwischen Novel Object Test und Startling Test ..................................... 65 4.4.2. monokular – binokular ............................................................................................ 66 4.4.3. links monokular – rechts monokular ....................................................................... 72 5. Diskussion ....................................................................................................................... 78 5.1. Tiere, Material und Durchführung ............................................................................. 78 5.1.1. Der Test .................................................................................................................. 78 5.1.1.1. Testort und Testbedingungen .......................................................................... 78 5.1.1.2. Testmaterial...................................................................................................... 80 5.1.2. Die Tiere.................................................................................................................. 83 5.2. Ergebnisse ................................................................................................................... 85 5.2.1. Annäherungszeit ..................................................................................................... 85 5.2.2. Visuelle Lateralität .................................................................................................. 87 5.3. Schlussfolgerung ........................................................................................................ 97 6. Zusammenfassung ......................................................................................................... 99 7. Summary ........................................................................................................................ 101 8. Literaturverzeichnis .....................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EQUINE VISION - WHAT DOES YOUR HORSE SEE? by Tammy Miller Michau, Michele Stengard, Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists
    EQUINE VISION - WHAT DOES YOUR HORSE SEE? By Tammy Miller Michau, Michele Stengard, Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists For millennia, the horse has depended on its visual abilities for it’s survival. In the current world, survival has become less of an issue but the visual function of the horse is still critically adapted to a “flight” response from threats or predators. Therefore, understanding horses normal vision is critical to understand normal behavior and the effects of disease on vision. Changes in vision secondary to disease can result in abnormal behavior and poor performance. WHAT DOES THE HORSE “SEE”? The horse’s vision is adapted to function in both bright light and dim light. The act of seeing is a complex process that depends upon: 1) light from the outside world falling onto the eye, 2) the eye transmitting and focusing the images of these objects on the retina where they are detected, 3) the transmission of this information to the brain, and 4) the brain processing this information so as to make it useful. VISUAL PERSPECTIVE AND FIELD OF VIEW Visual perspective varies greatly depending on whether the horse’s head is up or down (i.e. grazing) and how tall it is (i.e. miniature horse or a draft breed). The position of the eyes in the skull of a horse allows for a wide, panoramic view. Their visual field is enormous (up to 350°) and provides nearly a complete sphere of vision with few small “blind spots”. DEPTH PERCEPTION Stereopsis (binocular depth perception) is the fusing of 2 images from slightly different vantage points into one image.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Integration
    tructural ntegration S ® I THE JOURNAL OF THE ROLF INSTITUTE NOVEMBER 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE EDITOR 2 STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION: THE JOURNAL OF COLUMNS ® THE ROLF INSTITUTE Rolf Movement® Faculty Perspectives: 3 November 2015 The Art of Yield – An Interview with Hiroyoshi Tahata Vol. 43, No. 3 ROLFING® SI AND ANIMALS PUBLISHER Reflections on Three Decades of Rolfing SI for Animals – 5 The Rolf Institute of and the Story of Mike the Moose Structural Integration Briah Anson 5055 Chaparral Ct., Ste. 103 Rolfing SI for Horse and Rider 9 Boulder, CO 80301 USA Lauren Harmon (303) 449-5903 Rolfing SI for the Performance Horse 13 (303) 449-5978 Fax Sue Rhynhart Equine Motor-Control Therapy Using Perceptual 17 EDITORIAL BOARD and Coordinative Techniques Shonnie Carson Robert Rex Diana Cary Dispatch from the Amazon 19 Colleen Chen Igor Simões Andrade and Heidi Massa Lynn Cohen Craig Ellis Sensory Awareness and Feline Play 22 Jazmine Fox-Stern Heather L. Corwin Szaja Gottlieb Beamer: The Chihuahua That Somehow Knew 25 Anne F. Hoff, Editor-in-Chief Liz Gaggini Amy Iadarola Kerry McKenna THE HUMAN ANIMAL Dorothy Miller The Human Animal 26 Linda Loggins Matt Walker Heidi Massa The Three-Dimensional Animal 28 Meg Maurer Michael Boblett Robert McWilliams Deanna Melnychuk Refining Dr. Rolf’s Lateral Line 31 John Schewe Richard F. Wheeler Max Leyf Treinen Polyvagal Theory for Rolfers™ 36 Lina Hack LAYOUT AND The Reptile and the Mammal Within 38 GRAPHIC DESIGN Barbara Drummond Susan Winter The Long Body: An Interview with Frank Forencich 39 Frank Forencich and Brooke Thomas Articles in Structural Integration: The Turning Our Lens Inward: Acknowledging the Animal Under Our Suit 42 ® Journal of The Rolf Institute represent the Norman Holler views and opinions of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official PERSPECTIVES positions or teachings of the Rolf Institute of Structural Integration.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Resources on the Care and Welfare of Horses
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Information Resources on the Care and Department of Agriculture Welfare of Horses AWIC Resource Series No. 36 Agricultural Research November 2006 Service Updates Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Horses, 1994 National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Compiled and edited by: Cristin Swords Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Published in cooperation with the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Web Policies and Important Links Contents Forward About this Document Request Library Materials Horse Welfare by D. Mills, University of Lincoln Equine Welfare Issues in the United States: An Introduction by C.L. Stull, University of California, Davis Bibliography Anesthesia and Analgesia Behavior Environmental Enrichment Housing Law and Legislation Nutrition and Feeding Feeding Methods Feeding Restrictions Age Specific Nutrition Concentrates Roughages Vitamins and Supplements Pasture PMU Ranching Safety Training Transportation Web Resources Forward This information resource came to fruition through the diligence of a student employee at the Animal Welfare Information Center. The document contains a comprehensive bibliography and extensive selection of web site resources. Two papers introducing horse care and welfare issues are also included.
    [Show full text]
  • Semi-Autonomous Wheelchair Developed Using a Unique Camera System Configuration Biologically Inspired by Equine Vision
    33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Boston, Massachusetts USA, August 30 - September 3, 2011 Semi-autonomous Wheelchair Developed Using a Unique Camera System Configuration Biologically Inspired by Equine Vision Jordan S. Nguyen, Yvonne Tran, Steven W. Su, Hung T. Nguyen, Senior Member, IEEE ` ` FF Abstract—This paper is concerned with the design and strategies developed for various wheelchair platforms development of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system using include SENA [3], Rolland [4], Hephaestus [5], and cameras in a system configuration modeled on the vision Navchair [6]. However, these wheelchairs do not facilitate system of a horse. This new camera configuration utilizes operation in unknown dynamic environments, either stereoscopic vision for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception requiring prior knowledge about the environment or having and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, combined with a no capacity for combining with data about the local spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. This unique combination allows for static components of an environment. Furthermore, these systems require further unknown environment to be mapped and any surrounding development before being capable of real-time operation. dynamic obstacles to be detected, during real-time autonomous Robotics techniques play a large role in intelligent system navigation, minimizing blind-spots and preventing accidental design such as smart wheelchairs. Many modern artificial collisions with people or obstacles. This novel vision system sensors used in intelligent robotic applications are combined with shared control strategies provides intelligent biologically inspired and modeled on real sensors in living assistive guidance during wheelchair navigation and can systems such as humans, animals, and insects [7].
    [Show full text]
  • PDF (Author's Version)
    En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (Toulouse INP) Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique et Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par : M. TIAGO SERRADAS VIEGAS MENDONÇA le vendredi 16 octobre 2020 Titre : Influence of the activities imposed by the human being on equine emotional responses Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : Département Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires (SSA-EIP) Directeur(s) de Thèse : M. PATRICK PAGEAT MME CECILE BIENBOIRE-FROSINI Rapporteurs : M. DANIEL MILLS, LINCOLN UNIVERSITY CANTERBURY Mme KONSTANZE KRÜGER, UNIVERSITE NUERTINGEN GEISLINGEN Membre(s) du jury : M. JEAN-LUC CADORE, ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE DE LYON, Président M. ALESSANDRO COZZI, IRSEA, Membre M. MANUEL PEQUITO, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, Membre Mme CECILE BIENBOIRE-FROSINI, IRSEA, Membre Mme LYNETTE HART, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, Invité M. PATRICK PAGEAT, IRSEA, Membre 1 PREFACE The number of manifestations from the general public with arguments against the use of horses in sports has increased. The most common argument is that using horses, or animals in general, for sports is an attack on the animal’s dignity. However, most of these arguments are not evidence-based. As a rider, I have asked myself the questions “are we using or sharing activities with horses? Are horses enjoying this activity as I am?” for many years. At the end of my veterinarian academic years I had the opportunity to perform an internship in IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology) for six months. In this internship, we have studied equine cognitive skills and abilities and some implications of chemical communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Electroretinogram Evaluation of Equine Eyes with Extensive ‘Bullet-Hole’ Fundic Lesions
    Veterinary Ophthalmology (2014) 17, Supplement 1, 129–133 DOI:10.1111/vop.12169 Electroretinogram evaluation of equine eyes with extensive ‘bullet-hole’ fundic lesions Rachel A. Allbaugh,* Gil Ben-Shlomo* and R. David Whitley Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St, Ames, IA 50011, USA Address communications to: Abstract R. A. Allbaugh Objective To evaluate the impact of extensive bullet-hole nontapetal fundic lesions Tel.: (515) 294-4900 in horses on retinal function as measured by full-field electroretinography (ERG). Fax: (515) 294-7520 Materials and Methods Full-field ERG was performed on two horses with numerous e-mail: rachelallbaugh@yahoo. bullet-hole lesions in the nontapetal fundus of both eyes. The ERG was first recorded com from the eye with the more extensive lesions in response to a low-intensity light 2 = *These authors contributed stimulus (0.03 cd s/m ) that was given at times (T) T 5, 10, 15, 20 min of dark equally to this work adaptation. Consecutively, combined rod–cone response was evaluated bilaterally in response to high-intensity light stimulus (3 cd s/m2), followed by cone function evaluation by flicker stimulus (3 cd s/m2 at 30 Hz). Off-line analysis of the ERG recordings was then performed. Results Despite extensive bullet-hole lesions in the nontapetal fundus bilaterally in both horses, retinal function as measured by ERG did not show any observable deficits. The b-wave amplitude of the full-field ERG increased continuously from 5 to 20 min of dark adaptation peaking at 446 lv and 377 lv for horse number 1 and 2, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Eye Problems in Horses
    MMVS Client Education Article: Eye Problems in Horses HELP!! My horse won’t open his eye! A painful eye in any patient is a potentially serious problem… First, the Basics - Anatomy of the Equine Eye Fig. 1: The conjunctiva is the supporting tissue that lines the inside of both eyelids and covers the sclera (1), the white part of the globe that attaches to the cornea at a junction called the limbus (X). The iris (3) is the colored part of the eye; the pupil is the space created by the inner edge of the iris (4). This is where light enters the eye; it should be horizontal in horses. The lens often looks hazy/slightly blue (right image); it turns white when cataracts form. The ‘corpora nigra’ or ‘black bodies’ are cysts found at the top edge of the iris; these are normal structures. The center of the left image is reddish orange due to reflection of light on the fundus, the back of the eye. The horse on the right has an abnormal iris – likely a congenital defect. Fig. 2: The globe is a sphere with 3 layers and 3 chambers. The sclera and cornea make up the outer layer; the uvea is the middle layer. It includes the iris and a vascular supply (or choroid); the inner layer is the retina, made up of cells called rods and cones. These are specialized cells that are activated by light. These cells transmit impulses via the optic nerve to the brain, where images are created and interpreted. The anterior chamber is a fluid filled space between the iris and the cornea; the posterior chamber is a small area behind the iris; the ‘vitreous’ is a large area behind the lens.
    [Show full text]
  • FREE Oklahoma Farm & Ranch
    OKLAHOMA FARM & RANCH OKFRDecember 2016 | www.okfronline.com | Volume 1 Issue 12 Art of Second Chances Harold T. Holden FREE 2 | DECEMBER 2016 OKFR WWW.OKFRONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2016 | 3 4 | DECEMBER 2016 OKFR OKLAHOMA FARM & RANCH OKFR Eat, Drink and Be Merry... STAFF & CONTRIBUTORS Hello OKFR readers, and welcome to PUBLISHER the December issue of the Oklahoma Farm J. M. Winter & Ranch magazine. The OKFR team would like to be among the first to wish you and EDITOR your friends and family a Merry Christmas! Laci Jones | [email protected] Christmas is one of my favorite holidays because of the holiday traditions and spend- MANAGING EDITOR Jessica Crabtree | [email protected] ing time with loved ones. To kick this holiday issue off, read about an old school building on Ralph Chain’s ART DIRECTOR Kayla Jean Woods | [email protected] property near Canton, Okla. Nature nearly claimed the school that had stood since 1893 or 1894 until Chain and his family restored ADVERTISING EXECUTIVES Stephanie Cox | [email protected] the old building. Learn more in “The Pump- Susan Stewart | [email protected] kin Center School” in the Farm & Ranch section. Kathy Miller | [email protected] Next, read about a retrovirus capable of causing cancer in cattle, Bovine Leu- kemia Virus (BLV). This disease is estimated that 44 percent of dairy cows and 10 percent of beef cows in the United States are infected with the virus. Learn more in BUSINESS MANAGER Brenda Bingham | [email protected] the Farm & Ranch section. The profile of this holiday issue is Harold T.
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Manuscript
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep) Accepted Manuscript Title: The impact of visual perception on equine learning Author: Carol Hall PII: S0376-6357(07)00104-0 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.017 Reference: BEPROC 1725 To appear in: Behavioural Processes Received date: 7-8-2006 Accepted date: 12-9-2006 Please cite this article as: Hall, C., The impact of visual perception on equine learning, Behavioural Processes (2007), doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.017 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Commentary The impact of visual perception on equine learning Carol Hall School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell,, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom Address for correspondence: School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent UniversityAccepted Manuscript Brackenhurst College Campus Southwell Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF United Kingdom [email protected] Page 1 of 10 Murphy and Arkins (2007) provide a comprehensive account of equine learning behaviour, evaluating evidence from a broad range of studies. Throughout their review they highlight the importance of identifying the natural abilities of the horse with the ultimate aim of optimising our training of this domestic species.
    [Show full text]
  • And Abortion in Central Kentucky Horses
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science Veterinary Science 2021 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CARRIER STATE AND A NOVEL MARKER OF LEPTOSPIRA AND ABORTION IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY HORSES Gloria Louise Gellin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-7320 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2021.371 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gellin, Gloria Louise, "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CARRIER STATE AND A NOVEL MARKER OF LEPTOSPIRA AND ABORTION IN CENTRAL KENTUCKY HORSES" (2021). Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science. 51. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/51 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Science at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • Equine Ophthalmoscopy
    Vision and Retinal Problems in Horses Equine Ophthalmology Service University of Florida Equine Vision: Just what do they see? Anatomy of the eye ‘GRANULAE IRIDICA’ IRIS PUPIL FLATTENED ‘OVAL’ PUPIL Anatomy of the eye ‘GRANULAE IRIDICA’ Anatomy of the eye Cornea Anatomy of the eye Iris Acts as shutter to control light entering the eye Anatomy of the eye Changes shape to focus light onto back of the Lens eye. Limited focusing ability in horse Anatomy of the eye Receptors stimulated by light: create electrical Retina signals Anatomy of the eye Optic nerve Gather electrical signals from retina and carry them to the brain. HENCE VISION Equine Vision: What do they see? What does evolution require them to see? Equine Vision: What do they see? They need to have…… • Wide panoramic vision • Good vision in low light • Detect motion Equine Vision: What do they see? They need to have…… • Wide panoramic vision • Good vision in low light • Detect motion • „Acuity‟ (Sharpness) not that important • Binocular vision not that important • Color not that important Wide Panoramic Vision - Visual Field Remember: • Flattened „oval‟ pupil Wide Panoramic Vision - Visual Field Remember: • Flattened „oval‟ pupil • Eyes on side of head Visual Field Binocular vision 65o Binocular vision 120o 60o Blind spots 170o Visual Field Human field of vision Visual Field Horse field of vision Human field of vision Visual Acuity - Sharpness of Vision 20\50 If you can see an object clearly from 50 feet away, a horse would need to be 20 feet away to see the that object in in the
    [Show full text]
  • Horse Vision and Obstacle Visibility in Horseracing
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Horse vision and obstacle visibility in horseracing AUTHORS Paul, S; Stevens, M JOURNAL Applied Animal Behaviour Science DEPOSITED IN ORE 02 October 2019 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/39007 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication 1 Horse vision and obstacle visibility in 2 horseracing 3 4 5 Sarah Catherine Paul1,2 & Martin Stevens1 6 7 1 Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, 8 UK2 Current address: Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Department of Chemical Ecology, 9 Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany 10 11 12 Abstract 13 Visual information is key to how many animals interact with their environment, and much research 14 has investigated how animals respond to colour and brightness information in the natural world. 15 Understanding the visibility of features in anthropogenic environments, and how animals respond to 16 these, is also important, not least for the welfare and safety of animals and the humans they co-exist 17 with, but has received comparatively less attention. One area where this is particularly pertinent is 18 animal sports such as horseracing. Here there is a need to understand how horses see and respond to 19 obstacles, predominantly fences and hurdles, as this has implications for horse and rider safety, 20 however obstacle appearance is currently designed to human perception.
    [Show full text]