DOCSLIB.ORG

International Tropical Timber Organization Organisation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Tropical Timber Organization Organisation INSTITUTE OF SCIENTIFIC AND INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION TIMBER ORGANIZATION CHINESE ACADEMY OF FORESTRY INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE D'INFORMA nONS FORESTIERE DE DES BOIS TROPICAUX L'ACADEMIE FORESTIERE DE CHINE EL INSTITUTO DE INFORMACION ORGANIZACION INTERNACIONAL ** CIENTIFIC Y TECNOLOGICA DE LA DE LAS MADERAS TROPICALES . AcADEMIA FORESTAL DE CHINA fHE STRUCTURE OF CHINA'S TROPICAL TIMBER MARKET, THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF P. R. C., AND THE PROSPECTS TO THE YEAR 2000 Undertaken for the International Tropical Timber Organization by Mr. Lin Fengming Mr. Xu Changbo Mr. Lu Wenming Ms. Zhu Minhui Mr. Shi Feng from the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information Chinese Academy of Forestry April 1994 Beijing CONTENT Chapter I In Recent Five Years the Development of Forestry in China and of Tropical Forest Products in the World Trade and an Outlook on 2000 (1988-1992) 1 The Economical Development in China in 1988-1992 2 The Forest Development in China in 1988-1992 3 2. 1 Speeding up the culture of forest resources and energetically establishing -plantations 4 2.2 Strengthening the management and protection of forest resources, promoting the level of "Three Controls" 5 2.3 Carrying out a quota system of forest felling and stricrly controlling the consumption of forest resources 8 2.4 Energetically promoting the comprehensive utilization of wood, wood economy and substitution, and easing the contradiction between wood demand <ifld supply 8· 2.5 Importing a part of wood and forest products to make up for the inadequacy of home produced wood (for details, please see section 3) 9 2.6 The current main problems in forestry in China 9 3 An Analysis of Forest Products Trade in China in 1988-1992 10 3. 1 The status of forest products import in China in 1981-1992 11 3.2 The import of tropical forest products and their processing and utilizatign in China in 1988-1992 13 3.3 The development in foreign trade for export of Chinese forest products in 1988-1992 17 4 The Chinese forest product trade policy and measures 17 4.1 Policies 'adopted to continuously encourage the import.of raw materials and primary goods 17 4.2 Policies adopted to encourage foreign enterprisers to come to invest in the construction of the forest product processing bases 18 4.3 Policies adopted to encourage expended export of forest products 18 4.4 Policies adopted to increase overseas investment and to establish forest product production bases 19 5 Outlook for Forestry and the Demand and Supply of Forest Products in China in 2000 20 5. 1 The Chinese population and economic development in 2000 20 5.2 The timber demand in China in 2000 20 5.3 The main objectives of forest development in China in 2000 21 5.4 The main approaches and measures for realizing the equilibrium of timber demand and supply 22 5.5 China's demand for tropical forest products in 2000, and the field and approach of possible cooperation with the tropical timber producing countries 24 6 Conclusions 26 1 Chapter 11 Tropical Forest (Including Bamboo Forest) Resources in China, Present State of Utilization and an Outlook Over the Year 2000 1 A General Picture of Forest (Including Bamboo Forest) Resources in China and Its Utilization 28 1.1 A general introduction to forest resources 28 1.2 Bamboo resources 29 1.3 A brief description of forest industry 29 2 A General Introduction to Tropical Forest Resources in China 34 2.1 Tropical forest resources in Hainan Island 34 2.2 Tropical forest resources in south Yunnan 36 3 Protection Policies and Measures for Tropical Forests in China 38 3.1 Establishment of nature reserves for tropical forests 38 3.2 Implementation of economic support policies and improvement of people's life in forest area step by step 41 3.3 Gradual reduction of felling in natural forests and carrying out sustainable management of tropical forests 41 3.4 Great effort devoted to establishment of plantations and mitigation of pressure on natural forests 42 4 A Brief Description of Tropical Wood Production and Forest Products in Recent Five Years 42 4.1 Tropical wood production a~d consumption 42 4.2 Processed products of domestic tropical timber 43 5 An Outlook over the Development of Forest Resources in China in the Year 2000 44 5. 1 An outlook over the development of forest resources in China 44 5.2 Management objective of tropical forest resources in China and the development in the future 45 5.3 The prospect of tropical wood processing and utilization in China 46 Appendix I: The Catalogue of Species of Commercial Timber in Hainan Province 48 Appendix 11: The Catalogue of Species of Valuable Commercial Timber in Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve 54 2 CHAPTER I IN RECENT FIVE YEARS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY IN CHINA AND OF TROPICAL FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD TRADE AND AN OUTLOOK ON 2000 (1988-1992) 1 The Economical Development in China growth rate of output value of the collective enterprises and the three types of ventures (Sino-foreign venture, cooperative in 1988-1992 venture and foreign venture) increased rapidly, being 28.5% and 48.8% respectively. The added value of non-state run After 3 years (1988-1990) of economical development, the industries was 61 % of the total added value of the newly economy in China entered a high increase period in early established industries in China. The vitality of state enterprises, 1990s. It might be said tha! in 1991 the economical especially the large and medium enterprises, increased, too. development was still of a rehabilitational nature (GNP 7.7 %), The added value of state run industries in China was 14.4 % the growth rate of GNP in 1992 was 12.8%, indicating a fast over the previous year. The added value of large and medium increase. At present, the economic growth in China has been industries increased by 15.5 %. In view of the discrepancy far higher than the average growth rate of the world, the between regions, the growth rate of production in the coa~tal industrialized and developing countries. The rate of economic areas was still remarkably higher than that of inhmd. The added growth of the latters are 1.8%, 1.6% (that of the ECO and value of the newly established industries in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, EEC is 1.1 %) and 6.1 %, respectively. Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, was about 60% of the national The preliminary statistics show that the 1992 GDP in China total. was 2.3938 trillion RMB yuan (about 0.4586 trillion US dollars) (hereinafter referred to as "yuan"), of which the During the period from 1988 to 1992, the GNP increased by agricultural added value was 0.5808 trillion yuan, being 24.2 % 46 %, with an average armual increase of 7.9 %. The range of of GDP, with an increase of 3.7 % over the previous year; the increase appeared greater when compared with that in 1978 in industrial added value was 1.0116 trillion yuan, being 42.3% the initial period of reform and opening (Fig 1). ofGDP, with an increase of20.8% over the previous year; the added value of construction industry was 0.1392 trillion yuan, In the past five years, the economic system reform continued being 5.8% of GDP, with an increase of 18%; the added value deepening, and considerable progress has been made: (1) the of third industry was 0.6623 trillion yuan, being 27.7% of 'continual development of the various economic sectors, (2) the GDP, with an increase of 9.2 %. In the industrial sector,the 2500 2398. 84 2000 -= '" >-"" 1768.,/ o:c 1500 ~ c: c / ro-OO·- '1401. 82 ..c / 700 696.~+' 6 9 44 7. 01 /'" • 9 . 6 3 400 x'--"-"'/ 358.81 519.3 350 ~--~~--~----~--~----~----~--~----~iYear 1978 .80 82 84 86 88 90 92 Fig 1. The change of GNP (absolute value) in China in 1978-1992 1 unceasing increase of market mechanism. Now in price foreign enterprisers according to agreements reached 57.5 formation, 90 % of the industrial consumer goods in the total billion US dollars, and the sum actually invested was 11.16 retail sales had their price determined by market. Of the total billion US dollars, with a 3.8 times and 1.6 times increase, amount of farm produce and by-products purchased, those with respectively. With the expansion of investment scope and open price determined by market were 85 %. Those of the production areas, the three types of ventures quickly increased. Up to the goods exported with price so determined were 70 %. To sum end of 1992, the three types of ventures registered in China 'up, the proportion of goods with market determined price has was 84,000, being 47,000 more than the figure at the end of risen from about 50% five years ago to about 80% now. Grain previous yeai'. is purchased and sold at the same price. More than 400 counties have liberated the control over grain transaction. With energetically carrying out family planning, the growth rate of Chinese population is under further controL The statistics of With the rapid economical growth in China, the scope and relevant agency show that up to the end of 1992, the Chinese sectors opened to outside world are significantly enlarged. At population in the main land was 1,171.71 million, of which the the same time when the coastal areas are open, the areas along urban population was 32.3 %, and the rural population was rivers and borders and provincial capitals are open( also, 67.7%.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E-Content-Januaray (2021)
    K.N.G.Arts College for women Department of Botany I B.SC ALLIED BOTANY E-content-Januaray (2021) S.NO E-CONENT 1 UNIT-I 2 UNIT-III 3 UNITIV 18K2ZAB3 ALLIED BOTANY: TAXONOMY, ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, HORTICULTURE AND ECOLOGY UNIT-I: TAXONOMY General outline of Bentham and Hooker’s classification. Detailed study and economic importance of the families: Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae. UNIT-III: EMBRYOLOGY Structure of mature anther and Ovule, Types of ovule. Double fertilization. Development of dicot embryo. UNIT-IV: HORTICULTURE Scope and Importance of Horticulture. Propagation method: Cutting, layering and grafting. Bonsai technique UNIT – I Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary, Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. UNIT III & IV Dr.S.Gandhimathi & Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary , Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. REFERENCES 1. Pandey B.P., 2001, Taxonomy. Of Angiosperms,S.Chand & company.Ltd.Newdelhi. 2. Pandey B.P., 2015(Edn), Plant Taxonomy. New central Book Agency,pvt Lit,New Delhi. 3. Rajaram,P.allied Botany 1983.CollegeBook Center.Thanjavur. 4. Kumar,K.N.,1999.Introduction of Horticulture ,Rajalakshmi Publication,Nagerkoil. UNIT – I BENTHAM AND HOOKER'S CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS The outline of Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants is given below. The seeded plants are divided into three classes ' Dicotyledonae,Gymnospermae and Monocotyledonae Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants t is a natural system of classification and is based on important characters of the plants. Even today this system is being followed in India, United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Science Today (2017) 4(1): 1-11 1
    Plant Science Today (2017) 4(1): 1-11 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.1.268 ISSN: 2348-1900 Plant Science Today http://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST Research Article Ethnobotanical plants of Veligonda Hills, Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India S K M Basha1* and P Siva Kumar Reddy2 1NBKR Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Vidya Nagar, SPSR Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Research and Development Centre, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Article history Abstract Received: 04 September 2016 The Veligonda range which separates the Nellore district from Kadapa and Kurnool is Accepted: 16 October 2016 the back bone of the Eastern Ghats, starting from Nagari promontory in Chittoor Published: 01 January 2017 district. It runs in a northerly direction along the western boarders of the Nellore © Basha & Siva Kumar Reddy (2017) district, raising elevation of 3,626 feet at Penchalakona in Rapur thaluk. Veligonda hill ranges have high alttudinal and deep valley. These hills have rich biodiversity and Editor many rare, endangered, endemic and threatned plants are habituated in these hills. K. K. Sabu The present paper mainly deals with the ethanobotanical plants used by local people. Publisher Keywords Horizon e-Publishing Group Ethnobotany; Threatened; Endangered; Endemic; Veligonda hill range Corresponding Author S K M Basha Basha, S. K. M., and P. Siva Kumar Reddy. 2017. Ethnobotanical plants of Veligonda Hills, Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Science Today 4(1): 1-11. [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.1.268 Introduction communities in every ecosystem from the Trans The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated Himalayas down to the coastal plains have that 80% of the population of developing countries discovered the medical uses of thousands of plants relies on traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, found locally in their ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Observations of Euphorbiaceae Species from Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra, India
    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 674-80, 2010. Ethnobotanical Observations of Euphorbiaceae Species from Vidarbha region, Maharashtra, India G. Phani Kumar* and Alka Chaturvedi# Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), Leh-Ladakh, India #PGTD Botany, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India *corresponding author: [email protected] Issued: 01 June, 2010 Abstract An attempt has been made to explore traditional medicinal knowledge of plant materials belonging to various genera of the Euphorbiaceae, readily available in Vidharbha region of Maharasthtra state. Ethnobotanical information were gathered through several visits, group discussions and cross checked with local medicine men. The study identified 7 species to cure skin diseases (such as itches, scabies); 5 species for antiseptic (including antibacterial); 4 species for diarrhoea; 3 species for dysentery, urinary infections, snake-bite and inflammations; 2 species for bone fracture/ dislocation, hair related problems, warts, fish poisons, night blindness, wounds/cuts/ burns, rheumatism, diabetes, jaundice, vomiting and insecticide; 1 species as laxative , viral fever and arthritis. The results are encouraging but thorough scientific scrutiny is absolutely necessary before being put into practice. Key words: Ethnopharmacology; Vidarbha region; Euphorbiaceae; ethnobotanical information. Introduction The medicinal properties of a plant are due to the presence of certain chemical constituents. These chemical constituents, responsible for the specific physiological action, in the plant, have in many cases been isolated, purified and identified as definite chemical compounds. Quite a large number of plants are known to be of medicinal use remain uninvestigated and this is particularly the case with the Indian flora. The use of plants in curing and healing is as old as man himself (Hedberg, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines
    BLUMEA 44 (1999) 109-148 Revision of the genus Cleistanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines Stefan Dressler 1 Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary The Philippine species of the euphorbiaceous genus Cleistanthus are revised. Sixteen species are recognised for this archipelago of which two are recorded from there for the first time. The oldest available combination from the Philippines [C. orgyalis (Blanco) Merr.] remains obscure and three collections from Palawan treated Three are tentatively as a separate taxon (C. spec. A). species are illustrated here and distribution maps for the Philippines are given for all species. Key words. Cleistanthus, Philippines, taxonomy. Introduction The genus Cleistanthus was established in 1848 by Planchon for a single species from West Tropical Africa using an unpublished name of J.D. Hooker. Before and after that several species were described affiliated to other (partly new) genera (e.g., Roxburgh, 1802; Hasskarl, 1855;Miquel, 1861; Thwaites, 1861, 1864; MiillerArgo- viensis, 1863) but MiillerArgoviensis (1866) soon clarified the taxonomy and made thenecessary new combinationsin his revision ofthe Euphorbiaceae for De Candolle's Prodromus. Later the genus was treated in some floras or regional revisions (e.g., Bentham, 1873; Hooker, 1887; Robinson, 1908). Jablonsky (1915) still represents the most recent complete generic treatment. With all its weaknesses his infrageneric classification is the one still adopted nowadays (cf. Shaw's various and indeed is determination Airy papers, see below) a handy tool. However, I consider it to be rather artificialin parts (e.g., sections based on indumentum of sepals, division of styles), but without having revised the full genus no other is pro- posed here.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Reconstruction Prompts Taxonomic Changes in Sauropus, Synostemon and Breynia (Phyllanthaceae Tribe Phyllantheae)
    Blumea 59, 2014: 77–94 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651914X684484 Phylogenetic reconstruction prompts taxonomic changes in Sauropus, Synostemon and Breynia (Phyllanthaceae tribe Phyllantheae) P.C. van Welzen1,2, K. Pruesapan3, I.R.H. Telford4, H.-J. Esser 5, J.J. Bruhl4 Key words Abstract Previous molecular phylogenetic studies indicated expansion of Breynia with inclusion of Sauropus s.str. (excluding Synostemon). The present study adds qualitative and quantitative morphological characters to molecular Breynia data to find more resolution and/or higher support for the subgroups within Breynia s.lat. However, the results show molecular phylogeny that combined molecular and morphological characters provide limited synergy. Morphology confirms and makes the morphology infrageneric groups recognisable within Breynia s.lat. The status of the Sauropus androgynus complex is discussed. Phyllanthaceae Nomenclatural changes of Sauropus species to Breynia are formalised. The genus Synostemon is reinstated. Sauropus Synostemon Published on 1 September 2014 INTRODUCTION Sauropus in the strict sense (excluding Synostemon; Pruesapan et al. 2008, 2012) and Breynia are two closely related tropical A phylogenetic analysis of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) Asian-Australian genera with up to 52 and 35 species, respec- using DNA sequence data by Kathriarachchi et al. (2006) pro- tively (Webster 1994, Govaerts et al. 2000a, b, Radcliffe-Smith vided a backbone phylogeny for Phyllanthus L. and related 2001). Sauropus comprises mainly herbs and shrubs, whereas genera. Their study recommended subsuming Breynia L. (in- species of Breynia are always shrubs. Both genera share bifid cluding Sauropus Blume), Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., or emarginate styles, non-apiculate anthers, smooth seeds and and Synostemon F.Muell.
    [Show full text]
  • 46040-003: Yunnan Pu'er Regional
    Social Monitoring Report 4th Annual Report Project Number: 46040-003 March 2020 PRC: Yunnan Pu’er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project Prepared by Science and Technology Consulting and Development Center of Yunnan University for the Yunnan Pu’er Municipal Government and the Asian Development Bank This social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Director, Management or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB Loan Yunnan Pu’er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project (RRP PRC 46040) Monitoring and Performance Evaluation Report for Ethnic Minority Development Plan and Gender Action Plan Science and Technology Consulting and Development Center of Yunnan University March 2020 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW .................................................................................. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT DESIGN .............................................................. 10 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND MONITORING .................... 20 1.4 METHODS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tea As Commodity in Southwest Yunnan Province: Pu’Er and the Sipsongpanna in Qing China
    Tea as Commodity in Southwest Yunnan Province: Pu’er and the Sipsongpanna in Qing China 著者 Masuda Atsushi journal or Cultural Reproduction on its Interface: From publication title the Perspectives of Text, Diplomacy, Otherness, and Tea in East Asia page range 243-266 year 2010-03-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/3388 Tea as Commodity in Southwest Yunnan Province: Pu’er and the Sipsongpanna in Qing China MASUDA Atsushi Translated: Jenine Heaton Introduction Yunnan Province is located at the southwest corner of China, adjacent to the northern area of the Indochinese peninsula. The transportation routes here thus connect China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, the land route being the gateway to China and Southeast Asia. According to historical texts written by the Chinese court, these surrounding countries were required to pay tribute to China. Relations between the Chinese court and the tributaries were ruptured once during the Song period (960–1127), while they were put directly under control as terri- tory of the Chinese court on a limited basis only after the Yuan dynasty (1271– 1368). Chinese historical chronicles acknowledge that these were frontier regions with inconvenient access. Yunnan’s unique topography accounts for this phenomenon. Elevation in Yunnan becomes progressively higher as one proceeds northwest. Meili Xueshan has the highest elevation at 6740 meters above sea level, while elevation drops off in the southeast, the lowest point being 76 meters above sea level in Hekou City. Mountains comprise approximately 84 percent of the terrain, and plateaus, about 10 percent. Only about six percent are small basins called bazi, running along the mountain ranges.1) This unique geography necessitates that mountains be crossed in order to transport goods from one plain to another.
    [Show full text]
  • Kahrl Navigating the Border Final
    CHINA AND FOREST TRADE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR FORESTS AND LIVELIHOODS NAVIGATING THE BORDER: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHINA- MYANMAR TIMBER TRADE Fredrich Kahrl Horst Weyerhaeuser Su Yufang FO RE ST FO RE ST TR E ND S TR E ND S COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS Forest Trends (http://www.forest-trends.org): Forest Trends is a non-profit organization that advances sustainable forestry and forestry’s contribution to community livelihoods worldwide. It aims to expand the focus of forestry beyond timber and promotes markets for ecosystem services provided by forests such as watershed protection, biodiversity and carbon storage. Forest Trends analyzes strategic market and policy issues, catalyzes connections between forward-looking producers, communities, and investors and develops new financial tools to help markets work for conservation and people. It was created in 1999 by an international group of leaders from forest industry, environmental NGOs and investment institutions. Center for International Forestry Research (http://www.cifor.cgiar.org): The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), based in Bogor, Indonesia, was established in 1993 as a part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) in response to global concerns about the social, environmental, and economic consequences of forest loss and degradation. CIFOR research produces knowledge and methods needed to improve the wellbeing of forest-dependent people and to help tropical countries manage their forests wisely for sustained benefits. This research is conducted in more than two dozen countries, in partnership with numerous partners. Since it was founded, CIFOR has also played a central role in influencing global and national forestry policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Regional Synthesis for the State of the World?
    REGIONAL SYNTHESIS REPORTS ASIA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ASIA REGIONAL SYNTHESIS FOR THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 2019 Required citation: FAO. 2019. Asia Regional Synthesis for The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-132041-9 © FAO, 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services.
    [Show full text]
  • (Summary): Transport
    Yunnan Pu’er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project (RRP PRC 46040) SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): TRANSPORT Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Transport sector. The mountainous terrain of Pu’er prefecture1 in Yunnan Province of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) reduces the potential for railway and inland waterway transport systems thereby increasing reliance on the road network.2 Total freight traffic in the prefecture in 2011 was 3.8 billion ton-kilometers, or 4% of the Yunnan total. Passenger traffic totaled 2.8 billion passenger-kilometers, 5% of the provincial total. The prefecture had 615,900 vehicles3 in 2011, 7% of the Yunnan total, and 73 transport service enterprises that generated a CNY1 billion profit and employed more than 11,000 people. 2. Road network. The road network in Pu’er is 19,424 kilometers (km) long. It comprises 2,504 km of national and provincial roads (13%); and 16,291 km of county, township, village, and special roads (87%). The proportion of unclassified roads in Pu’er, 34%, is higher than the Yunnan province average (23%). Although the proportion of unpaved roads is about the same as in other parts of the province, a larger percentage of these are earthen roads—about 34% compared to 20% for Yunnan overall. 3. Rural roads and access to services. Some clinics, processing stations, primary schools and other services and facilities are located in or around the administrative villages in Pu’er, but most services are located in the townships. These include markets, hospitals, primary and middle schools, banks, police stations, coffee collection stations, and tea processing plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Cordia)-History, Origin and Folklore Ahuja, S
    Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Acad J Biosci ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) | ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Plant Pathology Journal homepage: https: //saspublishers.com/sajb/ Nutraceautical wild Fruits of India-Lasora (Cordia)-History, Origin and Folklore Ahuja, S. C1*, Siddharth Ahuja2, Uma Ahuja3 1Retired Plant Pathologist, Rice Research Station, V & PO Kaul, District Kaithal, 136021, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sahid Hasan Khan Mewati Medical College Nalharh, Mewat, Haryana, India 3Retired Professor, Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, V&PO Kaul, District Kaithal, Haryana-136021, India DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2020.v08i07.002 | Received: 26.06.2020 | Accepted: 03.07.2020 | Published: 16.07.2020 *Corresponding author: Ahuja, S. C Abstract Review Article Strikingly similar fruits of Cordia dichotoma, C. myxa and C. sinensis are known as Lasora in vernacular languages in India and Pakistan. The trio has been used since ages in India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Arab and Africa as folk medicine and in Ayurvedic, Arabian, Chinese, Unani (Greek), Persian and Siddha systems of medicine. Most of plant parts, like roots, twigs, roots, stem and root bark, leaves, seeds and even the gum are useful. Folks in various countries and parts of India use fruits, tender leaves and inflorescence as vegetable. Fruits are eaten as raw and used pickled. In many parts of India, Africa and East Asia these species serve as source of survival and food during famines. Cordia has long been used as an anti-diabetic, anthelminth, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, astringent, cicatrizant, diuretic, hepato-protective, immune-modulator and febrifuge and as an appetite and cough suppressant in folkloric and traditional medicine.
    [Show full text]