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Optical Properties of Two Brands of Composite Restorative Materials and Confirmation of Theoretical Predictions for Layering

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Optical Properties of Two Brands of Composite Restorative Materials and Confirmation of Theoretical Predictions for Layering Optical Properties of Two Brands of Composite Restorative Materials and Confirmation of Theoretical Predictions for Layering. Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sarah Shawky Mikhail, BDS Graduate Program in Dentistry The Ohio State University 2011 Thesis Committee: William M. Johnston (Advisor) William A. Brantley Do-Gyoon Kim Robert R. Seghi Copyright by Sarah Shawky Mikhail 2011 Abstract Newer dental composites are continuously being introduced by manufacturers in order to improve esthetic quality. Kubelka-Munk theory also known as K-M theory has been applied to certain dental materials to provide descriptions of color and translucency. This study applied this reflectance model to translucent composite materials used in dentistry. Three interfacial reflection methods are proposed to correct for the internal reflectance predicted by K-M theory. An aim of this study is to determine which of 3 interfacial reflection correction methods provides the least error. Reflectance values corrected with interfacial reflection correction method suggested by Richmond for composite resin material had the least error to the actual measured reflectance values. Using this correction method the scattering and absorption coefficients of two composite brands (Herculite Ultra and Kalore) for five shades (A1, A3, B2, C2 and C3) was used to calculate perceptual color parameters at infinite thickness L*, a* and b* and translucency parameter. A second aim of this study is to determine the color difference between each brand and Vita shade guide data published by O’Brien in 1990. Color difference was generally found to exceed the acceptability limit. K-M theory provides a reflectance model for translucent materials placed on backings of different colors. It is hypothesized that K-M theoretical reflectance spectra of single and double layers of dental composite resin material are in good agreement with ii observed reflectance. Another aim was to compare the measured values of reflectance of composite resin material specimens with K-M theoretical values simulating a clinical situation. Color difference values obtained by the method where the optical properties of each layer were used to predict the reflectance of the layered composite showed a barely perceivable color difference which was deemed acceptable in dentistry. iii Dedication Dedicated to my husband, my kids and my parents who have surrounded me with love and support over the years. iv Acknowledgements I wish to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my thesis advisor, Dr. William M. Johnston for his endless help, guidance and support throughout my project. His vast scientific knowledge and research experience made easy all the obstacles encountered while conducting the study, and made it an enriching learning experience for me. My profound thanks are due to Dr. Robert Seghi for his help, encouragement and precious advice. His wide clinical experience, thorough analysis and constructive criticism have shaped my approach towards clinical dentistry and influenced my professional career. My sincerest gratitude is also to Dr. William Brantley for all his support and direction throughout my Master’s degree program. His valuable suggestions, continuous encouragement and willingness to guide me throughout my work are deeply appreciated. My deepest thanks are also extended to Dr. Do-Gyoon Kim for his help and support. No words can express my sincerest thanks to Dr. Edwin McGlumphy and the implant clinic residents and staff, whose understanding encouragement made all the difference in v the world to make the past two years an enjoyable and rich experience that I will never forget. Last but not least, I would like to thank all my colleagues, faculty and staff at the Department of Restorative Dentistry for their generous help and support throughout the past two years. vi Vita 1994 – 1996……………….IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education), University of Cambridge, England 1996 – 2001……………….B.D.S. College of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt 2001 – 2002……………….GPR Certificate, Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt 2002 – 2003……………….General Dental Practitioner, Alexandria University Hospital 1/3/2008 – 4/3/2008……….Intern, Periodontology, The Ohio State University 2008 – 2009……………….GPR Certificate, Dentistry, The Ohio State University 2009 – 2011……………….Implant Fellowship, The Ohio State University 2009 – 2011……………….Graduate Program in Dentistry (Dental Materials Science), The Ohio State University Publication Mikhail SS, Johnston WM. Preliminary optical characterization of contemporary composite material. J Dent Res 2011;90: Special Issue A(#641). Field of Study Major Field: Graduate Program in Dentistry (Dental Materials Science). vii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................v Vita .................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Color order systems .................................................................................................1 CIELAB ∆Eab (Color difference formula) ..............................................................6 Perceptibility and acceptability parameters .............................................................8 Translucency ..........................................................................................................10 Measuring instruments ...........................................................................................11 Optical properties of teeth ......................................................................................14 Effect of fluorescence on the color of teeth ...........................................................16 Dental resin composite material.............................................................................17 Shade Guides .........................................................................................................19 Layering .................................................................................................................21 Kubelka-Munk Theory...........................................................................................22 Human Teeth and Kubelka-Munk Theory .............................................................25 viii Chapter 2: Interfacial Reflection Correction of composite resin material for Kubelka-Munk theory using non-contact technique ....................................................27 Introduction ............................................................................................................27 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................................30 Results ....................................................................................................................37 Discussion ..............................................................................................................46 Conclusion .............................................................................................................47 Chapter 3: Optical Characterization of two brands of composite material ........................48 Introduction ............................................................................................................48 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................................52 Results ....................................................................................................................53 Discussion ..............................................................................................................71 Conclusion .............................................................................................................74 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................74 Chapter 4: Confirmation of theoretical predictions for layering .......................................75 Introduction ............................................................................................................75 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................................77 Results ....................................................................................................................83 Discussion ..............................................................................................................90 Conclusion .............................................................................................................91 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions
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