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Edited by Rosi Braidotti and Maria Hlavajova ALSO AVAILABLEIN THE THEORY SERIES Conflicting Humanities, edited by Rosi Braidotti and Paul Gilroy General Ecology, edited by Erich Hori with James Burton POST HUMAN GLOSSARY Edited by Rosi Braidottiand Maria Hlavajova BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC LONDON• NEW YORK • OXFORD• NEW D�LHI • SYDNEY BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC Bloomsbury Publishing Pie 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1 B 3DP. UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Pie First published in Great Britain 2018 Reprinted 2018 Copyright© Rosi Braidotti, Maria Hlavajova and contributors, 2018 Rosi Braidotti and Maria Hlavajova have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgements on p. xii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design: Eleanor Rose Cover image©Vince Cavataio/Getty Images All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Pie does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: HB: 978-1-350-03024-4 PB: 978-1-350-03025-1 ePDF: 978-1-350-03023-7 ePub: 978-1-350-03026-8 Series: Theory Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.comand sign up for our newsletters. PILL, THE 314 (POSTHUMAN ICDNI 315 sexual partner (Gordon 2007; Kline 2010; bodies into institutionalize body, the foetus, in immunological terms. d praetices of Oudshoorn 1994). both li eration and co trol The placenta splits the subject fromwithin, � . � (Warren 1994). The isolation and synthesis of female Followmg Foucaults b10-pol in a non-dialectical process of internal itical analysis sex hormones that led to the development of the management of reprod differentiationsthat predicates the primacy uction and of the contraceptive pill also prepared the sexuali in the 980s (F of the 'other within'.Yet, this highly signi­ t:>' � . �ucault 2003, 2010), ground for modern reproductive tech­ the radical fem1mst ficant configuration has remained unrep­ claim of liberation Via nologies such as in vitro fertilization. technology resented within phallo-logocentric logic. was disputed. Throughout the Moreover, by opening the possibility of 1990s feminist Therefore, I suggest moving placenta studies of science and tech­ politics centre stage, but into a different motherhood to single and lesbian women nology pointed out the dangers as well as the theoretical direction. Firstly, placenta polit­ {Rich 1995), the Pill paved the way for the advantages of working within bio-politicaI ics upholds an affirmativeand non-aggress­ rejection of compulsory heterosexuality systems of hormonal, bio-chemical and ive bio-politics that opposes the military through the promotion of alternative genetic management of bodies in a social terminology and concepts that are custom­ kinship systems outside the patriarchal order based on disciplining and punishing constraints of the nuclear family. (Oudshoorn 1994; McNeil and Franklin ary in scientific discussions of immunology. The radical sting of the Pill is that, by 1991; Haraway [1985] 1991; Roberts 2008). The immunization process is usually formu­ making it possible for women to choose Queer critiques of naturalized and lated in terms of the individual and collect­ whether to have children or not, it facilit­ essentialized gender identities and norms ive bodies' struggle forhomeostatic stability ated their rejection of traditional family radicalized these critiques. On the one and protection against external aggressive structures (Diepenbrock 1998). Domestic hand Preciado {2013) emphasized the forces.Secondly, this approach to immuno­ lifein the patriarchal family presents clear normalizing power of the Pill that builds logy has been taken as an analogy for polit­ disadvantages for women by confining upon and endorses the underlying ics and governance. For instance, Esposito's them to the role of caretaking in the private hormonal and endocrinological design of work on bio-politics {2008b) explores the sphere at the cost of exclusion from the 'normal' femalebodies. In this framework, immunological political economy of hospit­ economic sphere. It isolates men from the the Pill is taken as a 'chemical panopticon: ality and hostility. I findit disappointing that lives of their children, and institutes a that is to say a micro-instance that reflects PLACENTA POLITICS what was originally a politics of life - bio­ gendered economy that segregates repro­ macro-power formations - such as politics - which also included a reappraisal ductive labour and family life from wage medical-legal institutions, the nation­ Placenta politics is a term that I coined of the politics of dying and letting die, has labour (Labora Cuboniks 2015). The Pill states and global networks of bio-genetic to indicate the materialist feminist bio­ become almost exclusively focused on supports a radical sexual politics for capitalization of life (Cooper 2011). On the politics of the relation between the mater­ thanato-politics, to use Foucault's term alternative family arrangements. This has other hand, with the privilege of hindsight, ial maternal body, the placenta and the (1977). In contemporary discussions, this not escaped the attention of organized reli­ it has become manifest that the hiatus foetus.I transpose this maternal-placental­ issue blends with necro-politics (Mbembe gions and conservative political parties, between reproduction and sexuality that foetalcon nection into a nomadic frameso 2003), that is to say extermination and which have waged an all-out war against it. was introduced by the Pill in the 1960s as to argue that it composes a generative extinction. Bio-politics should not position Up until today, the Pill is not easily avail­ marked not only a scientific change of assemblage. The placental assemblage life only on the horizon of death, but also as able in Catholic countries or in countries paradigm, but also a profound fracture raiseskey issues of relationality, immunity the generative force of both human and with a strong Christian fundamentalist within patriarchal family power for ma­ andauto- immunity, which are best served non-human organisms (Braidotti 2006b). In presence. tions and the perpetuation of compulsory by a neo-materialist philosophy of becom­ terms of the immunological debate this The Pill's detractors have historically heterosexuality. It was, therefore, a water­ ing and affirmativeethics within a monistic means that the question is not that and how offered counter-arguments to stress its shed moment forthe feminist movement. understanding of matter. I draw on the the organism is capable of self-preservation mixed blessings. In the 1970s eco-feminists In the light of this rich and complex work of French feminist biologist Helene at the expense of some of its weak or adhered to authentic notions of female history, of all the advantages and chal­ Rouch (1987), who was inspired by the diseased parts, but rather that in most cases nature resulting in the rejection of any lenges it represents, as well as its huge philosopher Luce Irigaray {1985a, 1985b) it actually does not attack them. And I would scientific manipulation of female bodies. impact upon the lives of millions, we andby Lacanian psychoanalysis to propose like to add that, specifically in pregnancy, This resistance evolved into the idea that wonder why the Pill is not more widely thebiolo gical entity of the placenta as a the organism does usually not expel bio-chemical contraception is politically celebrated as the icon of a posthumanist third party that redefines the relationship the foetal other, but rather hosts it and dangerous, because it inserts women's subject position that emancipates women between the maternal body and the other nurtures it. POSTHUMAN GLOSSAR• 00STHUMAN GLOSSARY 318 319 specificity of the maternal-placental-fetal See also Pill, the; Preg to escape social regulation, Responding to the crisis of anthropo­ assemblage. nant Posth orations Joy; Bios; Material of cheap labour and centric criticism, Gayatri Spivak in Death Feminisms; F m niat advantage A posthuman theory of the subject Posthumanities; e i : also a of a Discipline raised the question of what Trans-cor ate major tax breaks. It created emerges therefore as an empirical project Trans*; porealitt, negoti Feminicity. stituency that has successfully it would mean to 'imagine ourselves as that aims Jitical con at experimenting with what s to come up with an planetary subjects rather than global :eked measure contemporary, bio-technologically medi­ Rosi B . to global agents' (2003). For Spivak, the critical raidottf ctive international response ated bodies are capable of doing. These effe , potential of planetarity lies primarily in ing,
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