Issue 32 ● March 2018
Cool runnings
Polar research vessels chart new waters in sustainability
Pages 18-21 12-13 28-29 36-39 Ship Intelligence Naval Technology New partnerships with Google Innovative handling system helps Propeller combination is a smart and the European Space Agency solve space problem on Type 26 solution to a complex problem
Contents 24
ISSUE 32 ● MARCH 2018
Ship Intelligence Sustainability Technology
10 The bigger picture 18 Going deeper 34 Lean machines New Intelligent Awareness 14 We dive into the design Installing Promas system system gives crews a clear secrets of the world’s takes efficiency to a whole view of their surroundings greenest research vessels new level for oil tankers
12 Out of this world 22 The perfect blend 36 Pitch perfect New working partnerships Fuel-saving technology Our expertise provides a launched with Google and transforms tugboats into very specific solution to European Space Agency hybrid thoroughbreds complex operating profiles
14 Testing the water 24 Green for go 40 Making data dynamic How Rolls-Royce is leading Rolls-Royce helps makes How harnessing digital the way with MAXCMAS and the switch to emission-free information could mean AAWA research projects and sustainable shipping the end of breakdowns
16 Under the microscope Naval 42 The pioneer trail Autonomous ships are put We take a closer look at the through their paces in test 28 Watch this space Rolls-Royce Autocrossing sites in Norway and Finland Handling system innovation system running in Norway gives Royal Navy’s Type 26 plenty of room to breathe The Big Picture
30 Storage power 44 Weathering the storm Exploring the technology Our dynamic positioning and solutions for modern system in action off Canada electric generation systems Events 32 Turkish delight How boat builder ARES is 46 Meet the team exceeding expectations – Where you’ll find Marine 32 with help from Rolls-Royce Sales & Marketing this year
People Editor: Yrjar Garshol © Rolls-Royce plc 2018. The information in this publication is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied, communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than Deputy Editor: Connie Hanbury that for which it is supplied, without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. While the Design: Ryan Swinney information is given in good faith, based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be Contributors: Anette Bonnevie Wollebæk, Andrew Rice, Craig Taylor, taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc Frode Vik, Patrik Wheater, Richard White, Dr Ian Whitlegg or any of its subsidiary or associated companies. Opinions expressed may not necessarily represent the views of Rolls-Royce or the editorial team. The publishers cannot accept Production: Connect Publications Ltd liability for errors or omissions. All photographs © Rolls-Royce plc unless otherwise stated. Cover image: Polar research vessel RRS Sir David Attenborough
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 03 UPFRONT
Thought leadership from Mikael Mäkinen, President – Marine A GREENER FUTURE
n recent years, the key driver for most for short-run “With the right combination ship operators has been reducing their operations, of technology and a operating costs in the face of extremely for example tough trading conditions. Other factors, ferries willingness to do the right Isuch as environmental performance have operating fixed always been present, but not always the point routes, thing, shipping can have key concern. and as owners I sense things are certainly changing, renew their a much greener future” and today, with environmental issues such as fleets they’re climate change, diesel engine emissions and looking many the protection of our oceans all rising up the years ahead to ensure they choose the right news agenda, our industry is stepping up its technology today that will serve them, act when it comes to sustainability. and their environment, well in the long term. For this new-look issue of Indepth, we The start of 2018 has seen us secure deals thought it was a good opportunity to share to provide innovative systems that utilise with you some of the latest developments battery power to reduce costs and emissions for that we feel can make a truly significant operators in two distinctly different segments. contribution to the future sustainability For the offshore sector, recent years have been of your business. tough, so the move to upgrade six PSVs with With the right combination of technology deck-mounted battery packs is an effective way and a willingness to do the right thing, of getting ships out of layup by using easy-to- shipping can have a much greener future. install equipment, to bring instant environmental There is real interest in technologies that and economic benefit. can reduce or eliminate harmful emissions. We’ve also recently sold our first hybrid READ MORE ABOVE: Electrification is a rapidly developing area solution for a tug; another key market where The first for technology, where the use of hybrid environmental performance is a key driver. These Rolls-Royce Autocrossing systems can make a quick impact on vessels, operating close to population centres 42 system for reduction of emissions, along with the can be viewed as ‘low hanging fruit’ when it ferries is now benefits of cost reduction. comes to addressing emissions. in operation Many of our customers have come to us Our new hybrid battery system allows - 43 on the short Anda-Lote looking for innovative solutions. The addition operators to achieve the same bollard pull with route in of batteries into ship systems is delivering a smaller engine and gives the option of battery- western impressive results in performance. Pure only (emission-free) for transit and loitering. Norway battery operation is now a serious option Read more on pages 22&23.
04 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine “We know what it takes to design ships and equipment that can operate reliably in the harshest conditions on earth”
While a clear focus on indicator of global change, what can be done by ship and to know that Rolls-Royce type is essential, an arguably vessels will soon be at sea A GREENER bigger issue for us all is taking on these pioneering the long-term future of our challenges gives us all an oceans and the impact of enormous sense of pride. how they change will have on To find out more about how future generations. we’re meeting the research We all know that our requirements through oceans carry 90% of world innovative ship designs, trade, but let’s not ignore see pages 18 to 21. the fact that ocean plants Finally, you will have produce almost half the no doubt seen the recent oxygen we breathe and announcement that contain 80% of living Rolls-Royce is to carry out organisms. Our oceans a strategic review of its FUTURE are truly precious and at Commercial Marine business. Rolls-Royce, we’re delighted The company is changing to be involved in enabling the to a new structure focused pioneering research that will on three business units – help scientists to understand Civil Aerospace, Defence the future. and Power Systems. Our Our expertise in ship Naval Marine activities have design and the integration of now moved across into our cutting edge technology, are Defence business. the key factors in why the The review will take UK and Norway selected several months to complete Rolls-Royce for their new and one potential option is polar research ships. We the sale of our Commercial know what it takes to design Marine operations. READ MORE BELOW: Our innovative ships and equipment that While the outcome of ship designs are bringing can operate reliably in the the review isn’t known, improved performance and harshest conditions on earth, I wanted to reassure you greater efficiency to some of the most challenging 18 and that knowledge has as a loyal and important environments on earth enabled us to produce highly customer, that we are fully - 21 capable ships that will carry committed to working with out sensitive you as normal throughout monitoring this period, ensuring that to help us you see no impact in delivery understand and service. As you will see better the in this magazine, we’re still future of developing new technologies, our planet. just as we have done for more The polar than 150 years. environment Periods of change and and its consolidation are common ecology in our industry, and it’s my provides job to ensure this business is us all with shipshape for the journey that a sensitive lies ahead. ●
www.rolls-royce.com/marine [email protected] www.linkedin.com/company/rolls-royce
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 05 NEWS
The latest developments from the News wider world of Rolls-Royce Marine Upgrade for battery vessels
Rolls-Royce has secured an order provide a complete overview of will really make them stand BELOW: The new to deliver a battery-powered energy usage onboard. out from the crowd in today’s offshore vessels energy system for six offshore John Gellert, President, Chief marketplace,” adds Asbjørn Skaro, will now receive vessels (PSVs), which have Executive Officer and Director, Director of Deck Machinery and an upgrade been built by the yard COSCO SEACOR, says: “Combining a proven Systems, Rolls-Royce. Guangdong in China. and advanced The ships – of Rolls-Royce design, best UT 771 WP design and featuring the in category characteristic wave piercing bow – accommodations, were ordered in 2013 and 2014 and and the their new owners have now decided innovative to give the vessels an environmental Rolls-Royce upgrade, with an option for a further battery system, two. The ambition is to get them to these vessels work, and out of layup, as quickly will be highly as possible. marketable across The contract includes: all major offshore ■■ the Energy Storage Container energy regions System (ESSU) worldwide.” ■■ an upgrade of the existing “These Rolls-Royce ship design engineering are extremely package to match the new features advanced and ■■ an upgrade of the Dynamic modern ships, Positioning system (DP) and the and we strongly ACON control system believe that ■■ the new Rolls-Royce Energy the new energy Management system, which will system onboard
First-class results for hybrid Daegu frigate
We recently achieved another major class programme features key equipment technology. The formal handover milestone in the FFX Batch II programme from Rolls-Royce – one 40MW rated represents a significant achievement following formal acceptance of the first MT30 gas turbine, two controllable pitch since contract award back in May 2013 Daegu class frigate by the Republic of propellers and MTU diesel engines. and is a huge testament to the teamwork Korea Navy (RoKN). It’s the first RoKN ship to feature a that has endured throughout the last The first of eight ships in the Daegu hybrid propulsion system combining three years encompassing our teams electric propulsion motors in Korea, UK and Sweden who have and a single gas turbine. worked with Hyundai Heavy Industries, Ian Parry, Programme the shipyard and the RoK Navy to bring Executive for the FFX Batch about this success.” II programme says: “This is The MT30 engine performed another proud day for the excellently during the demanding sea Naval Marine business. It trials which powered the ship to beyond is our equipment that has the required design speed, supporting enabled this historic change wider sea-trials without fault, including The Daegu class through the advances we missions that required 20 hours of have made in propulsion continuous gas turbine operation.
06 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine New centre gives a fascinating glimpse into autonomous future
A new state-of-the-art research facility has Commenting on how the R&D centre digitalising the country’s transport sector.” opened in Turku, Finland, to develop the further strengthens Finland’s commitment The new R&D Centre enables innovative technologies that Rolls-Royce to developing autonomous transport, Rolls-Royce and its partners to carry and its partners require to shape the future Finnish Minister of Transport and out projects focused on autonomous of an increasingly autonomous global Communications Anne Berner, says: navigation, the development of shipping industry. “There is great global interest in land-based control centres, and the use of The new Research & Development autonomous vehicles and vessels as a artificial intelligence (AI) in future remote Centre for Autonomous Ships includes future means of transport. and autonomous shipping operations. a Remote and Autonomous “The opening of the Rolls-Royce The many features in the Experience Experience Space aimed at Read more Research & Development Centre Space include several interactive tables to showcasing the autonomous ship on pages for Autonomous Ships here in showcase existing and future technologies technologies Rolls-Royce has Turku, a maritime city with a while aiding the development and already introduced as well as those 40-41 history of technological innovation, introduction of new rules and standards in the development stage. will help achieve our goal of for autonomous shipping.
The new facility in Turku
Rolls-Royce is now a Shipping enters Wörner, ESA’s Director General partner with the ESA said: “This agreement is another the space race demonstration of the desire for a United Space in Europe.” Rolls-Royce and the European Karno Tenovuo, Rolls-Royce, Space Agency (ESA) have signed SVP Ship Intelligence, said: “The a ground-breaking cooperation space industry has been operating agreement aimed at pursuing assets remotely for many decades. space activities in support of “The information, software autonomous, remote-controlled and satellite-based technologies shipping and promoting innovation the sector has developed are in European digital logistics. wholly relevant to the work The Memorandum of Intent Rolls-Royce is doing to make the (MOI) forms part of ESA’s remote and autonomous wider strategy. Jan ship a reality.” Read more on pages 12-13
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 07 NEWS
System turns workhorse into thoroughbred
San Francisco-based tug operator Baydelta has ordered the industry’s first hybrid propulsion arrangement for installation to a multi-purpose tractor tug. The 30m-long vessel, in build at Nichols Brothers Boat Builders in Washington State, will be the first tug to feature proven Rolls-Royce hybrid technology. It will carry out the same ship assist and tanker escort capabilities of existing Delta Class harbour tugs, but with greatly improved towing performance. The hybrid system enhances the vessel’s escort capability, enabling the tug to support the ultra-large container ships that operate from US West Coast ports. Rolls-Royce will supply all electric motors, shaft generators and a power management and control system. The hybrid arrangement provides power to US255 azimuth thrusters with ducted fixed pitch propellers that can be rotated 360 degrees around the vertical axis. Erik Larsen, Rolls-Royce, Vice President – Tug and Fish, Americas, said: “Our US 255 azimuth thrusters are ideally suited to provide the manoeuvrability and bollard pull needed Deal strengthens for operations in larger harbours, terminals and escort applications.” our relationship The Baydelta tug Read more on pages 22-23 with Sanmar As this edition of Indepth went 16 high-pressure hydraulic towing to press, it was announced winches for the 80 tonne bollard that Rolls-Royce has secured pull models. an extensive supply order for “We have delivered 150 equipment for tugboats being built azimuth thrusters to Sanmar in a by Tuzla-based Sanmar Shipyards relationship that spans 15 years,” for various interests. says Andrea Cerutti, Rolls-Royce The scope of supply includes Vice-President Sales, Europe. 42 Rolls-Royce US 205/255 “This includes the supply of azimuth thrusters for 21 escort/ equipment to milestone projects harbour tugs in the 60, 70 and such as Borgøy, the world’s first 80 tonne bollard pull range and LNG-fuelled tugboat, and the 2017
08 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine Naval team wins supplier award for LCS success
Recognised for their track record partnership with Rolls-Royce in the of exceptional performance and years to come.” commitment to affordability, the Rolls-Royce played a critical role Rolls-Royce Naval team was named in the acceptance trials of the latest by Lockheed Martin as the 2017 LCS, USS Little Rock, demonstrating Read more Team Freedom Littoral Combat reliability and performance about our naval work on Ship (LCS) Supplier of the Year. improvements on the ship’s the Indepth mobile app A long-term supplier to the propulsion and steering systems. US Navy’s Freedom-variant LCS, “It is our privilege to work on the Indepth for iPhone is on the Apple Rolls-Royce supplies MT30 gas Lockheed Martin Littoral Combat App Store and on turbines and Mk1 waterjets to Ship programme and we are deeply Google Play for Android devices these highly capable vessels. honoured by this recognition,” “Rolls-Royce has been an said Don Roussinos, Rolls-Royce, excellent partner, repeatedly President-Naval. demonstrating its value to the “The combination of the MT30 programme and our US Navy gas turbine and our latest waterjet Sanmar’s order includes customer,” says Joe DePietro, technology will ensure these ships 42 azimuth thrusters Lockheed Martin Vice President of are at the cutting edge of global Small Combatants and Ship Systems. naval capability for many years “As an original member of to come. It’s especially fitting to delivered Svitzer Hermod, the Team Freedom, Rolls-Royce has receive this prestigious award world’s first remotely-controlled played an important role in our in 2018, ten years after the first commercial vessel. programme’s success, and we look MT30-powered ship, USS Freedom, “This new contract strengthens forward to continuing our successful was commissioned.” that relationship and is indicative of the trust Sanmar continues to place in Rolls-Royce products.” Rolls-Royce supplies the LCS Sanmar’s new portfolio of tug designs includes a versatile 25m harbour tug design that incorporates a hull that can be outfitted as either a 25m tractor tug with aft working deck or as a 25m Rotortug® with both fore and aft working decks. The tractor tug variants are available with bollard pulls up to 70 tonnes, while the Rotortug® versions are available with bollard pull up to 60 tonnes. Sanmar is currently building a trio of 70 tonne bollard pull tractor versions of this new series, dubbed the Deliçay Series, all featuring Rolls-Royce US255 azimuth drives.
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 09 SHIP INTELLIGENCE THE BIGGER By Patrik Wheater PICTURE
Rolls-Royce’s pioneering Intelligent Awareness (IA) system represents a major advance in ship safety. The enhanced visibility and greater spatial awareness it offers the bridge is invaluable, particularly at night or in bad weather
aunched in March at the Seatrade the Advanced Autonomous Waterborne objects and apply learning algorithms to Cruise Global Expo in Fort Applications project (see pages 14&15). determine characteristics, i.e. how fast Lauderdale, USA, IA is the first of The system builds a 3D map of the vessel a vessel travels or stops. This is done Rolls-Royce’s many Ship Intelligence, based on Light Detection and Ranging through ‘labelling’, which draws imaginary Lremote and autonomous solutions for (LIDAR), which uses a pulsed laser beam boundaries around vessel pictures, from commercial marine application. to measure distances. Already in use in which IA learns the difference between each Combining multiple sensors with intelligent autonomous road vehicles, it links to GPS boundary field, as well as any associated software, IA is designed to mitigate against data to create 3D environments, allowing characteristics for each field/vessel. the risks navigators face, especially in poor crews to ‘see’ what the human eye can’t. Rolls-Royce has amassed a large weather conditions, congested waters or LIDAR creates a ‘point cloud,’ firing database of pictures for ‘labelling’ divided at night. Essentially, it gives the master and around 300,000 beams of light from a laser into multiple different categories, including bridge personnel a supreme understanding and then measuring the time taken to reflect dynamic objects – e.g. ships – and static of the ship’s surroundings. them back to source to render a 3D map. ones e.g. lighthouses. Other inputs can be IA builds on Rolls-Royce’s extensive Further spatial information is gathered incorporated for even greater accuracy, e.g. experience in research into autonomous from on-board HD cameras, linked to fog horn detection uses acoustic data to vessels, gained through participation in software which can identify vessels or track the distance between two vessels.
Rolls-Royce has entered between Kobe and Oita to provide our crews with Sunflower into a cooperation in Japan. a more informed view of agreement with Japanese MOL Director Kenta a vessel’s surroundings in partnership multi-modal transport Arai says: “Sunflower an accessible and user- company Mitsui OSK Lines operates in some of the friendly way. blossoms in (MOL) to develop its IA most congested waters “This can give our system. A system will be in the world and will crews an enhanced busy waters installed on board the provide an opportunity decision support tool, 165m passenger ferry to rigorously test the IA increasing their safety Sunflower, which operates system. We also expect it and that of our vessels.”
10 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine “IA is a fantastic product with so much potential...it enables a ship to be positioned with total accuracy”
Henrik Grönlund
Intelligent data fusion LIDAR, GPS, camera data, radar and AIS etc combine through what Rolls-Royce refers to as ‘data fusion’ to provide those controlling the ship with a complete overview of its surroundings. So a ship’s crew can 300k switch between a 3D map rendered beams pulsed Share and by LIDAR, a radar overlay or a by LIDAR to save Indepth articles with topographical view of the sea bed. build up a the Indepth IA is particularly beneficial for 3D map mobile app the safe navigation of busy ports or Indepth for iPhone challenging environments, such as is on the Apple App Store and on dense fog causing poor visibility in Technical Product Manager – ease into new applications such as Google Play for Android devices busy shipping channels. Situational Awareness Systems, automatic docking,” Henrik says. Although IA will play a major Rolls-Royce, says: “We can use IA in “Currently, during port arrival, role in the development of the any ship type where there’s a need there are many watchkeepers autonomous ship, it can offer real for better situational awareness. The around the ship, communicating benefits now. For instance, it makes system is the first of its kind to be with the bridge by walkie-talkie, better use of existing onboard made commercially available, using each estimating the distance to the technology by integrating with data in a clear user interface to quayside. The LIDAR 3D map gives LIDAR and cameras, helping enhance safety and efficiency.” a bird’s-eye view, with distances to increases the usability of Henrik Grönlund, Sales measured to centimetre accuracy, existing data rather than Manager, Remote & Autonomous enabling the ship to be positioned creating new data sets. Solutions, Rolls-Royce, says the with total accuracy.” Rolls-Royce system offers increased safety Henrik adds: “IA is a fantastic has been through enhanced visibility and product with so much potential. conducting greater awareness of surroundings, It’s being launched at a cruise tests of particularly during darkness or in event, because at present we see the sensor adverse weather. IA’s greatest benefits in passenger arrays in various With the vast majority of shipping, but as other sensors operating and maritime incidents taking place and applications are added to the climatic conditions under such conditions and/or platform other high-value ship on board Finferries’ 65m through human error, IA provides types, such as large container double-ended ferry Stella an advisory solution to supplement ships, will follow.” l in Finland’s south west the basic information available archipelago. from ECDIS and radar. For further information email Markus Hirvonen, “The platform is designed to [email protected]
Asbjørn Skaro, Director of Deck Machinery and Systems, Rolls-Royce, adds: “Pilot needs of both. projects such as this allow Successful pilots and us to see how they can be product development best adapted to the needs programmes are important 165m of the customer and their steps in the development length of crews so that our product of both remote and Sunflower effectively meets the autonomous vessels.” l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 11 OUT OF THIS WORLD New times call for new working relationships in positioning for ‘smart’ ships, which will be based on its ‘earth observation platform’. shipping, not just in ownership, but also in innovation. “This could create greater spatial and Marine has duly announced exciting new partnerships situational awareness for those operating with both Google and the European Space Agency. the vessel remotely. It will also allow satellites to capture and share the data How many of us saw that coming? from a number of vessels simultaneously.”
large number of organizations ports and future commercial Business as usual? are currently working to improve marine vessels. Or a new strategy? how information and physical “The current wireless When asked whether products can be delivered to us. carriers like satellite and partnering up is a novel AWhen these companies continue to search associated infrastructure thought or business as usual, for impactful innovations, new forms of need to be developed to Deal signed with Asbjørn Skaro, Director of partnerships will become more common, facilitate the development of satellite provider Deck Machinery and Systems, Inmarsat as will probably somewhat surprising remote & autonomous ships, Rolls-Royce, says: “A company business moves. as existing configurations were is not an island on its own. The So is Rolls-Royce aiming for space travel? not designed for this purpose,” obvious relationships we have are Not exactly, but Rolls-Royce and the said Karno Tenovuo, SVP Ship Intelligence to our customers and suppliers, but there European Space Agency (ESA) have signed with Rolls-Royce. “Rolls-Royce and the are many more, and with an ongoing digital a cooperation agreement aimed at pursuing ESA will look at developing satellite-based makeshift we now look to new forms of space activities in support of autonomous, remote controlled shipping and promoting innovation in European digital logistics. The space industry has been operating assets remotely for many decades. The information, software and satellite- based technologies the sector has developed are wholly relevant to the work Rolls-Royce is doing to make the remote and
autonomous ship a reality. We are now using Google Cloud’s A statement of intent software for machine The Memorandum of Intent learning (MOI) with Rolls-Royce also forms part of ESA’s wider strategy. Jan Wörner, ESA’s Director General said: “ESA has a long history of working internationally with our partners across Europe. This agreement is another demonstration of the positive application of Space 4.0 and the desire for a United Space in Europe; maximising the integration of space into our economy and society.” Together, ESA and Rolls-Royce aim to develop and validate new solutions for communication between vessel systems and shore based systems in addition to ship-to-ship communication. This will enable the operation of commercial remote and autonomous shipping, innovative cargo logistics, smart
12 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine SHIP INTELLIGENCE
By Anette OUT OF THIS WORLD Bonnevie Wollebæk “It could create greater spatial and situational awareness...and allow satellites to capture and share data” Karno Tenovuo
partnerships to move our business fast better and more innovative technology.” forward. So the answer is yes, we do think of says Asbjørn. “By drawing on our existing Deal will spot any research networks and business partnerships capabilities in our Marine business, together as a very important part of our strategy.” with the global expertise we have across the clouds on horizon To prove his point, Rolls-Royce has signed Rolls-Royce Group and our relationships Rolls-Royce also signed a deal with other partnership agreements over the with key partners, we can secure significant Google in October 2017 to develop last year, such as with the satellite provider resource and financial investments to intelligent awareness (IA) systems Inmarsat, and with several shipowners to revolutionise shipping together.” l to make existing vessels safer and test and develop technology for situational autonomous ships a reality. awareness in a live environment. The agreement allows us to use “I believe that by finding innovative For further information email Google’s Cloud Machine Learning ways to partner, Rolls-Royce will develop [email protected] Engine to train our artificial intelligence (AI) based object classification system for detecting, identifying and tracking obstacles. “While IA systems will help build an autonomous future, they benefit maritime businesses now, making vessels and crews safer and more efficient,” says Karno. “By working with Google we can make these systems better faster, saving lives.” Rolls-Royce is now using Google Cloud’s software to create bespoke machine learning models which can interpret large and diverse marine data sets created by Rolls-Royce. Our expertise in the maritime sector is used to prepare the data to train models, ensuring it’s relevant and in sufficient quantity to create statistical significance. The models’ predictions are also evaluated in practical marine applications, allowing them to be further refined. By accessing this software through the Cloud, the models can be developed from anywhere and are instantly accessible to thousands of users globally. So models can be trained on huge amounts (terabytes) of data, essential as autonomous ships become the norm. l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 13 SHIP INTELLIGENCE
By Patrik Wheater
he completion of the £1.3 million MAXCMAS project successfully demonstrated that operation of Tautonomous vessels remains safe and meets – if not exceeds – regulatory requirements. It also suggested that developing new COLREGs specifically for autonomous vessels is unnecessary. Eshan Rajabally of Rolls-Royce Future Technologies Group launched MAXCMAS after recognising that acceptance of autonomous ships among conventionally crewed vessels hinges upon their navigation being indistinguishable from today’s master mariners. The project partners (see box right) found that use of newly- developed algorithms allowed COLREGs to remain relevant in a crewless environment, with AI-based navigation systems able to better interpret rules to avoid collision, even when approaching manned vessels where such rules may be interpreted differently. Terry Mills, WMA Senior Technician, says: “The importance of MAXCMAS should not be undervalued; it’s the heart of an autonomous vessel navigation system, particularly collision avoidance, as it allows autonomous ships to behave in with other crewed bridge ABOVE: collision regulations and the diverse a way expected by humans. simulators for immersive human-in- The ARCIM USV ways seafarers take to avoid collision “We’ve even included non- the-loop testing in various situations. compliance scenarios to take human ■■ VALIDATE autonomous seafarer- Another hurdle was to offset the error into account.” like collision avoidance in likely real- operational difficulties of multiple Project partners were able to: world scenarios, using professional ships, sea states and environmental ■■ ADAPT a commercial-specification instructors as they would assess conditions, and also when situation bridge simulator as a testbed for human navigators. assessments are impaired, e.g. autonomous navigation capable of During the initial algorithm degraded or malfunctioning sensors. adapting to multiple vessel types in validation stage, it became obvious Share and To address this, a variety of save Indepth any conditions anywhere in the world the main challenge was to overcome articles with simulator-based scenarios were ■ the Indepth ■ PARTAKE in distributed exercises the variety and subjectivity of mobile app designed and the algorithms installed in a conventional WMA Indepth for iPhone is on the Apple bridge simulator. This also included GLOSSARY OF TERMS App Store and on Atlas Elektronik UK’s ARCIMS Google Play for Android devices mission manager ‘Autonomy Engine’, ■■ AAWA – Advanced Autonomous ■■ MAXCMAS – Machine executable Queen’s University Belfast’s Collision Waterborne Applications Initiative collision regulations for Marine Avoidance algorithms and a Rolls- ■■ AI – artificial intelligence Autonomous systems Royce interface all working together ■■ AIS – automatic identification ■■ MLC – Maritime Labour in real time. system Convention During sea trials aboard ■■ ARPA – automatic radar ■■ SOLAS – Safety Of Life at Sea AEUK’s ARCIMS USV, the CAM was plotting aid ■■ STCW – standards of training, successfully demonstrated in a real ■■ COLREG – Collision Avoidance certification and watchkeeping environment under true platform Regulations ■■ TEKES – Finnish Funding Agency motion, sensor performance and ■■ MARPOL – Marine Pollution for Technology and Innovation environmental conditions. Convention ■■ USV – unmanned surface vessel “The trials showed that an unmanned vessel is capable of
14 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine AAWA IN ACTION With its comprehensive THE AAWA two research projects, PROJECT PARTNERS ust as MAXCMAS MAXCMAS and AAWA, brings autonomous ■■ Aalto University Rolls-Royce is leading ship navigation ■■ Åbo Akademi the investigation into closer to reality, ■■ Brighthouse Jso does another Rolls- Intelligence the many challenges Royce-led research ■■ Deltamarin of unmanned vessels – project – AAWA. This ■■ DNV GL with the encouraging £5.8million TEKES-funded ■■ ESL Shipping results underpinning project aimed to produce ■■ Fin Ferries the specification and ■■ Immarsat our autonomous future preliminary designs for ■■ NAPA the next generation of ■■ Tampere University advanced ship solutions of Technology Its second phase, ■■ University of Turku completed at the end of ■■ VTT 2017, explored a range of factors to make autonomous ships viable, including technological, regulatory, economic, social and legal considerations. The technology is relatively simple, with the main systems already existing in collision-avoidance radar, ARPA, AIS and long-range satellite communication and data transfer systems. The challenge is to translate data from these systems and sensors to the autonomous ship concept and make them work together consistently and reliably, in line with maritime regulations and practices. TESTING While basic threats faced by an autonomous ship will be the same as for a conventional vessel, the AAWA partners recognised that the autonomous ship is also likely to introduce new risks, mostly linked to the reliability of the sensors, onboard systems and data communication. As a scarcity of studies covers these THE WATER potential new risks, AAWA sees this as a key area for investigation, particularly in areas such as security, cargo management and emergency response. The legal question was found the most vexing, “The trials showed that an unmanned suggests Karno Tenovuo, SVP for Ship Intelligence: “The various international rules and conventions were formed vessel can make a collision avoidance before the idea of autonomous ships. As long as it can be established that an autonomous vessel comes within the judgment call even when the give-way definition of a ‘ship’, then it should have identical rights vessel isn’t taking appropriate action” and obligations under maritime law to any other vessel.” According to project partners, conventions such as Ralph Dodds STCW and MLC will most likely prove an obstacle to unmanned vessel recognition. Others like SOLAS and making a collision avoidance “What MAXCMAS does is make the MARPOL, may also need rewriting. judgment call even when the give- collision avoidance regulations So in conclusion, the technology mostly exists, way vessel isn’t taking appropriate applicable to the unmanned ship.” safety and business cases can be made, and if the legal action,” said Ralph Dodds, With its completion, MAXCMAS hurdles can be overcome, there is no reason Innovation & Autonomous Systems delivers state-of-the-art why autonomous ships can’t be an Programme Manager, AEUK. regulation-compliant collision important part of our future. l avoidance. The technology and system has been thoroughly THE MAXCMAS tested both at sea and in the PROJECT PARTNERS classroom, and under a multitude of scenarios using desktop and ■■ Atlas Elektronik UK (AEUK) bridge simulators, to demonstrate ■■ Lloyd’s Register its robustness, and prove that ■■ Queen’s University Belfast autonomous navigation can meet ■■ Southampton Solent existing COLREG requirements. l University ■■ Warsash Maritime Academy (WMA) For further information email [email protected]
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 15 SHIP INTELLIGENCE
Rolls-Royce is playing a central role in new test areas in Norway and Finland, where MAP KEY autonomous ships are rigorously tested to ensure ultimate safety and performance Wind measurement Oceanographic measurement throughout the water column
Noise measurement
Navigation sensors for autonomous underwater vehicles Under the Fish farms microscope LQ;H -;H6 he technology for QLQH unmanned autonomous STORFJORDEN “...the ships already exists. But TEST AREA before they become part of question Teveryday maritime operations, the systems need to be tested at length is, how far in an authentic marine environment, and in a variety of sea conditions. To ensure systems function we can go in correctly and reliably, and that required safety standards can be met, 110 the direction test areas for autonomous commercial km long vessel trials have now been of unmanned established in Norway and Finland. The Finnish test area – named vessels?” Jaakonmeri after the late Dr Jaakko Talvitie, one of the pioneers of open Jann Peter Strand marine test areas – is managed and controlled by Digital, Internet, Materials & Engineering Co-Creation 14 (DIMECC), which is behind the One shipyards Sea Autonomous Maritime Ecosystem. nearby Founded in 2016, One Sea is a Cargotec, Ericsson, Meyer Turku, there is little risk of accident. Already consortium of industry partners, all Tieto and Wärtsilä, with the project opened officially, other companies working in the field of autonomous supported by the Association of with Norwegian bases have used it marine traffic. As a founding partner, Finnish Marine Industries and Finnish to test new robotic and autonomous Rolls-Royce is joined by ABB, funding agency TEKES. technologies, including Kongsberg The Jaakonmeri test area, on the Seatex and Maritime Robotics. Finnish west coast off the municipality “Technology for remote-controlled 20 of Eurajoki, is open to all companies, solutions on shipping already exists, shipping research institutes and others wishing the question is how far we can go in companies to test autonomous technology. the direction of unmanned vessels, nearby According to DIMECC, it will have and the types of ships it is most excellent data connectivity, and offers suitable for,” says Jann Peter Strand, open water test conditions, with Product Manager for Automation and opportunities for ice testing during Control, Rolls-Royce Marine. the winter. It expects the first test “We gather knowledge in many LEFT: The programme to begin in spring 2018. areas. While the technology is world’s first remotely Rolls-Royce also intends to carry developed largely in Norway, it is operated out autonomous ship trials in the gratifying to see the Norwegian vessel was Norwegian fjords. The test area in research, and the authorities are unveiled in Trondheim Fjord is about 150 miles hopeful we can test our solutions Copenhagen last year south-east of our new remote fleet in Norwegian waters.” management centre in Ålesund. The Trondheim test site, which The fjord offers wide, open includes part of Trondheim Harbour, By Patrik Wheater waters similar to a small sea, but with is a partnership between the relatively low shipping traffic, so Norwegian University of Science and
16 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine LQ;H -;H6 QLQH
Technology’s Centre for Autonomous are taking the lead,” said Kongsberg unmanned ships on the market, and Marine Operations (NTNU AMOS) Seatex President Gard Ueland. “We Rolls-Royce has been among the and the Norwegian government. will see technology that has the driving forces for the new agreement. “As far as we know, there are no other potential to enable fully autonomous “Trondheimsfjorden and JAAKONMERI test sites of this kind in the world, cargo vessels. Much will come from Storfjorden are both well located TEST AREA so the Norwegian coastal authorities Trondheim, thanks to the unmatched near important technology lakes,” maritime expertise here and our says Asbjørn Skaro, Director of Deck autonomous vehicle testbed.” Machinery and Systems, Rolls-Royce. NORWEGIAN CONSORTIUM The Norwegian Maritime “In Trondheim, we work closely Directorate has recently nominated a with NTNU and other companies second area for testing autonomous on research and development. In ■■ Ålesund Region Port Authority ships, signing a deal with the Coastal Ålesund, we have a lot of simulators ■■ Fiskerstrand Verft Administration and an industry for new technology, with the Storfjord 17.85 ■■ Fjord1 consortium (left) enabling Storfjorden area located just outside the window,” km long ■■ Havila Shipping and several side harbours to be used. In the UK, part of the Solent area ■■ Havyard Group Storfjorden is close to 14 shipyards is being developed by BAE Systems ■■ Inmarsat Solutions and 20 shipping companies, several to provide the UK’s first dedicated ■■ Kleven Maritime of which already carry out sea test service. Although concentrating ■■ NTNU in Ålesund trials. The trials will use data from on military applications, testing ■■ Offshore Simulator Centre a range of sensors for measuring and demonstrating air vehicles and ■■ Rolls-Royce wind and power conditions, set up in unmanned boats, this is a notable ■■ Skipsteknisk connection with planning for a new development. The Solent area is a 7.10 ■■ Stranda Hamnevesen KF bridge between Sulesund and Hareid. heavily-trafficked waterway, used by km wide ■■ Ulstein Group The Directorate says it wants pleasure boats as well as warships, ■■ Vard Group Norway to be the first flag state with ferries, cruise and cargo vessels. l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 17 SUSTAINABILITY
How do you build the toughest and greenest vessels in the world? We take a deep dive with our talented design team to discover how their vital and highly complex work is helping to create the next generation of marine research vessels
By Connie Hanbury
18 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine PAGE “Icebreaking requires a relatively flat bow that breaks the ice and pushes 21 it down and to the sides”
lue whales can communicate across thousands of kilometres of ocean. Sound travels five times faster underwater and consequently marine Blife critically depend on their hearing abilities. Therefore, it’s not surprising that vessel noise has a huge impact on our ability to monitor marine life in an unbiased way. With ocean temperatures rising, many of our marine species, plants and reefs are finding themselves in danger. Marine conservation and research have never been so important to understand our rapidly changing planet. Vessels must operate discreetly, admitting near to no sound radiation while breaking ice and large ocean waves to achieve their missions. And they must do it all while having little environmental impact. As we get closer to the handing over of the RRS Kronprins Haakon, the Rolls-Royce- designed polar research vessel, we asked our design team to give us an insight into creating a new generation of highly capable silent vessels. Over the past couple of years, the team has become pioneers in research enabling technology, as Head of Design Einar Vegsund proudly reveals. He says: “Our journey to achieving what’s likely to be one of the world’s most silent hulls on the RRS Sir David Attenborough for example, started long before our first tender with Kronprins Haakon five years ago. “With approximately 1,000 Rolls-Royce- designed vessels at sea, our team has a strong history of developing highly efficient solutions.
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 19 SUSTAINABILITY
Experience gained from fishing, seismic research, offshore and ice-breaking vessels, perhaps most notably the UT 758 ICE offshore design, laid an NO BUBBLE TROUBLE essential foundation to being able to approach these challenging tenders. Since the Industrial Revolution our for ice-going vessels, since the hull “This experience was the oceans have become around 100 and propulsion systems must also starting point in a process which times louder. To effectively monitor be designed to meet the extreme then requires incredibly close them and have minimal further impact environmental conditions found collaboration with the end customer the RRS Sir David Attenborough will in polar areas.” to ensure we provide the best and comply with most strict underwater The main source of URN is normally most efficient solutions to achieve radiated noise (URN) requirements propellers. The Kronprins Haakon, for their highly specialised missions.” of DNVGL SILENT(R) class. To meet example, has an azimuthing propulsion this, the hulls also have an extreme system which can deal with large Tomorrow’s technology requirement for smoothness and pieces of ice. A huge effort has welded connections to avoid vortexes. therefore been made by is already at work today Adding to the challenge, the the product and design Many of the world’s research vessels hulls are also fitted with a number of team to optimise the are old and no longer meet today’s scientific transducers and sensors system and make stringent standards. Our new which need bubble-free zones. it compliant to Rolls-Royce-designed craft are Our designers have to create a very the vessel’s not only capable oceanographic smooth flow to any sensors and avoid noise budget, research vessels, but also logistic cargo bubbles that may be in the water and redesigning the vessels and ice breakers. get drawn down over them. Specially- steering gear This new combination will put developed bow and bottom shapes and adding a Rolls-Royce in a good position to fit the were designed by the team that prove cavitation-free needs of other nations with an interest to lead bubbles away from the sensors. propeller in polar operations. Einar Vegsund adds: “Air bubble and electric With long transits at different sweepdown and noise signature are motors.l speeds and a complex operational challenging tasks for the design profile, our experience with low noise, team. It’s even more challenging DP and diesel electric ships is extremely valuable, requiring more complex propulsion installation and significant integration of systems. Our expertise also transcends to smaller research vessels where there’s a larger and more constant market. With imminent projects in the The Kronprins Haakon has pipeline for smaller vessels, the a specially-developed bow Rolls-Royce design team now look forward to utilising their experience and world-class solutions to further enable essential oceanographic research. l
For further information email 5x >1m 4.2m how much faster ice thickness to pool diameter [email protected] sound travels be broken by on RRS Sir David underwater Kronprins Haakon Attenborough
The Sir David Attenborough
20 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine ROLLS-ROYCE EXPERTISE, TAKE A BOW IN ACTION One key design challenge to Good icebreaking generally overcome is the ambidextrous nature requires a relatively flat bow that of the research vessels. breaks the ice and pushes it down and On one hand, there’s the demand to the sides, making a clear path. for a silent vessel with minimum However, the flatter the bow, the underwater radiated noise (URN). higher the risk of ‘slamming’, which On the other, there’s a need for occurs when heavy waves hit the extreme force when breaking ice with hull, resulting in noise, vibration, the ability to carry supplies and sail speed loss and possible damage to through large ocean waves. the structure. The Kronprins Haakon’s Einar Vegsund explains that number one requirement is finding the ultimate bow shape for icebreaking. It’s classed as a PC3 performance in all conditions “takes Icebreaker and will be able to years of design experience, advanced break through ice more than 1m computer modelling techniques, and thick with snow cover. multiple model tests”. l
Location: Polar regions
100 5 3 1 times louder in years since vessel roles – current AUV today’s oceans first tender, research, cargo called Boaty than in 1800s Kronprins Haakon and icebreaking McBoatface MOON POOLS’ WATERTIGHT SOLUTION As the British public know, the name polar vessels have scientific ‘moon pools’ – pump it empty for in-water maintenance Boaty McBoatface lives on in the form i.e. a hole in the centre of the ship. and preparing experiments. of one of the autonomous underwater The RRS Sir David Attenborough has To safely launch AUVs, the pools vehicles (AUVs) that will operate from the a large moon pool that measures 4.2m are also equipped with a Rolls-Royce RRS Sir David Attenborough. in diameter. Unlike many other vessels, designed Moon Pool Handling Unit. AUVs can analyse anything from it has a specially-dimensioned bottom Controlled from one of the science bottom water temperatures to inaccessible hatch that can be closed watertight, hangars on board, it guides AUVs and areas under heavy ice sheets. To be able ensuring essential reduction to resistance, other scientific equipment through the to safely launch and retrieve AUVs while noise and URN radiation when in transit moon pool before releasing them under sometimes surrounded by ice, both of our conditions. This also enables the crew to the vessel. l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 21 SUSTAINABILITY THE PERFECT
BLENDBy Patrik Wheater
Tugboats, long the workhorses of the maritime industry, are set to become more efficient, cleaner and, indeed, electric, following the introduction of new state-of-the- art fuel-saving technology for hybrid applications
olls-Royce has two Sales Support – Propulsion, hybrid multi-purpose azimuth new tug thruster Azimuth Thrusters, Rolls-Royce, stern drive (ASD) tug will be set alternatives – Dual says: “Essentially, Twin Input to sea early 2019 by Nichols Input and Twin Input enables power from both sides Brothers Boat Builders. R– that allow vessels to operate of the thruster, while Dual Input At 90 short tonnes bollard solely on electric motors, is a side shaft input via the pull, the vessel will feature boost engine power, act as gearbox for limited spaces that the same ship assist and generators for hotel load or provides freedom of choice for tanker escort capabilities of charge batteries while in power take-in/out speed. Both Baydelta’s existing Valor class medium-power operation. solutions can be incorporated harbour tugs, but with multiple Baydelta tugs operate in the The compact Dual Input in the Rolls-Royce SAVe operational modes. The vessels misty San Francisco bay includes two input flanges, hybrid concept. will also receive Rolls-Royce side by side, where the electric “The technology in the 424kW electric motors, motor is parallel with the main development of a range of shaft generators, power the market that the Rolls-Royce shaft line. The Twin Input battery and electric hybrid management control system portfolio extends way beyond incorporates two input flanges propulsion systems is at the and Twin Input US255 azimuth our US-type azimuth thrusters – (through shaft), with one on heart of these new products.” thrusters. the propulsion system of choice the main engine side and the Baydelta’s new class of The arrangement provides for this segment. other located 180 degrees on hybrid tug will be the first electric power to two US255 “Our US255 azimuth thrusters the auxiliary. reference for the Twin Input azimuth thrusters with ducted are ideally suited to provide the Jouni Ruohonen, Manager, solution. The 100ft Z-Drive fixed pitch propellers that manoeuvrability and bollard pull can be rotated 360 degrees needed for operations in larger around the vertical axis. harbours, terminals and escort This arrangement optimises applications. One of the reasons omni-directional thrust and for success is the product’s manoeuvrability as well as ability to provide bollard pull providing improved crash of 90 short tonnes-plus.” stop capability. Erik adds: “The key benefit Erik Larsen, Rolls-Royce, of operating these thrusters in Vice President – Tug and a hybrid configuration is that it Fish Americas, says: “Baydelta provides significantly greater Maritime is a long-standing operational flexibility. Typically, customer and this order is of a tug of this size needs a power particular significance because output of 2,500kW per thruster. it marks our first hybrid system The hybrid arrangement allows for a tug. The tug will provide operators to achieve the same Hybrid System for Baydelta 100ft Z drive improved fuel efficiency and required bollard pull from a emissions for Baydelta. It shows combination of smaller engine
22 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine BAYDELTA TUG FACTS
100 length in feet
90 short tonnes bollard pull
“Twin Input enables power from both sides of the thruster...Dual Input provides freedom of choice for power take-in/out speed”
Jouni Ruohonen
and electric motor, saving on operate diesel-electric or full fuel in the process.” electric, achieving around 7-8 Our hybrid system allows for knots in electric-only mode. the vessel to operate using full The flexibility provided by diesel, or diesel-electric. They these types of drive systems Read more can still achieve a bollard pull significantly reduces Baydelta’s about hybrid technology on of 90 short tonnes in combined fuel costs and emissions, the Indepth diesel-electric mode while while being supplied with mobile app To find out more assisting the large container the same power and vessel Indepth for iPhone about our SAVe range is on the Apple ships and tankers that operate characteristics needed for their App Store and on of electric and hybrid in US West Coast ports. operations – taking big steps Google Play for propulsion systems, go Android devices While in transit or loitering, towards a sustainable and green to www.rolls-royce.com/ the vessels can then choose to future for tugs. ● electric-hybrid-propulsion
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 23 SUSTAINABILITY
CASE STUDY No1
The technology for zero emissions is being developed for cargo vessels linking We help cargo vessels make the switch to electric power the near continent and UK. Rolls-Royce has developed a concept for a 1,200 TEU one: 162 nautical miles berth to berth, in Rotterdam only, while batteries would be container ship under the title Electric partly in the southern North Sea where charged when in port in both London and Green – a zero emissions version of the the design speed of 12 knots can be Rotterdam, but there would be no charging Electric Blue design – and also studied the maintained, but with a significant low on board. The role of the batteries would case of an operation between Rotterdam speed sector at each end. be to balance loading, peak shaving and and London. At the Dutch end, there is the Maasvlakte power when manoeuvring. Energy for propulsion and ship services channel approach to Rotterdam: 3.7 nautical The ship has twin-screw electric is provided by a combination of hydrogen in miles with a speed limit of 7 knots. propulsion in a Promas arrangement. liquid or compressed storage and batteries At the English end, the Thames Estuary Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel charged from land power, supplemented by approach to Thames Haven is 9.6 nautical cells containerised at a density of 500kW solar panels. miles with a speed limit of 8 knots. per TEU of space and fed with hydrogen The operating profile is an interesting Hydrogen storage would be exchanged from containerised storage would have
The Electric Green concept
By Richard White
attery electric and battery hybrid systems for marine propulsion are today’s solution for reducing or eliminating Bemissions from vessels. Batteries are far from new, and at the beginning of the 20th century there were many pleasure craft using them, with extensive charging facilities on GREEN popular waterways. The main types of diesel engine and battery hybrids were quickly developed for naval submarine propulsion as they met the extreme multimode requirement of a safe fuel and long range on the surface and an air-independent propulsion system when submerged. The limiting factor was the FOR24 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine GO ROLLS-ROYCE IN ACTION
We help cargo vessels make the switch to electric power 0 emissions an output of 4,000kW. Battery packs give port, the ship will connect to the shore grids about 1MWh per TEU of space. for battery charging and services. Solar cell array positioned along the As with most feasible low/no emission sides of the freight container stacks solutions for ships, this fuel cell and battery are expected to provide a further 600- hybrid concept offers a way towards 2100kWh of electrical energy per day zero local emissions, but of course, total depending on weather and season. emissions of greenhouse gases depend on For this route, the fuel cells will supply the electricity generation profiles of the 162 most of the energy for propulsion in transit two countries and how the hydrogen is nautical miles at service speed, the batteries taking over in manufactured. the channel sectors and when manoeuvring, On selected other routes, the total with a small supplement of solar power. In emissions might also be zero. l
12 knots design speed
The road to emission-free and sustainable shipping is a long An end result can also be engines and challenging one, but thanks to exciting innovation and of high performance benefitting from a strong partnerships, Rolls-Royce is well prepared for the narrower range of dynamic load change. Alternatively, where a vessel operates journey. We look at some of the challenges and solutions in several different modes at different involved – and how we’re facing them times, the battery can cover all power requirements in some of the modes, and restricted energy storage capacity of propulsion within reach for a variety supplement the engines in others. batteries, both in terms of kilowatt hours of vessels, short-run cross-fjord ferries Harbour tugs, for example, spend little per kilogram of battery and per cubic for example. of their lives pushing or pulling at full metre of battery volume, plus slow rates With current technology and prices, power, and more in transit or standing of charge and discharge if damage to the hybrids of diesel or LNG-fuelled engines by and waiting for a ship. They are good battery was to be avoided. combined with batteries make sense at candidates for hybrid solutions. In recent years, the main disadvantages several levels for a much wider spectrum Likewise, ferries spending part of their have been overcome with lithium of vessels. time in transit at high power and the rest chemistry, and development proceeds at At a system level, the battery can manoeuvring at low speed, or stationary at speed, in the direction of higher energy absorb rapid changes in load and allow the quay with the hotel load to be covered, density, rapid charge/discharge and the power management system to run are candidates for hybrid. lower cost per kWh, with safety in marine the optimum number of engines at more The possibilities are endless and applications a major consideration. constant higher load, with resulting Rolls-Royce has the knowledge, practical This has brought pure battery reduction in emissions. experience, products, advanced controls
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 25 SUSTAINABILITY
Watch more on the Rolls-Royce CASE STUDY No2 channel
Hybrid yacht concept Crystal Blue
and deep integration systems. Correctly longer term, wave, tide and current, plus applied, these types of solution can geothermal at certain locations. reduce or eliminate emissions from the Of course, marine propulsion also Share and save Indepth vessel itself, in terms of troublesome local needs the energy to be stored and articles with emissions of NOx, particulates and SOx, transported. the Indepth mobile app and also global warming gases like CO2. Hydrogen is seen as a promising future Indepth for iPhone Zero local emissions can be claimed for marine fuel for certain applications. The is on the Apple pure battery systems, often trumpeted attraction is that its combustion product App Store and on Google Play for as clean and green, but the picture can in principle is only water. It can be used in Android devices change radically if the source of the piston engines or fuel cells. The problem is electricity for charging the battery is that hydrogen has to be manufactured; it taken into account. is an energy carrier and not a fuel as such. When the question of sustainable Hydrogen is made in industrial energy sources is raised, the picture quantities and defined systems exist for becomes more complex. Fossil fuels transporting it in cylinders as gas at high are falling out of favour politically and pressure, usually 350bar or 700bar, or environmentally. The challenge is in more energy-dense liquid form the rate at which the products of which involves more technical combustion are being dumped challenges as storage is at into the atmosphere. very low temperature – only A few countries can about 20 degrees above generate electricity for all absolute zero – or adsorbed Rolls-Royce is the Water is Hydrogen’s purposes from hydropower, in metals. technology partner in a principle combustion almost emission-free at Making hydrogen is an new R&D project, along product the end user. Norway is energy-intensive process, with Color Line, Norled a fortunate example. Some and widespread use of and Kystverket, with have only brown coal as fuel for hydrogen for marine propulsion the work supported by power stations, so current comes with a can probably only be justified if the Forskningsrådet’s ENERGIX substantial environmental load. Many have process uses energy from renewable programme. a mix of fossil and renewable sources, such sources. This may be hydrolysis of water The aim of the Zero as the UK. into hydrogen and oxygen electrically Emission Ferry project is For the future, if fossil fuel use is based on solar, hydro or wind power. l new electrical systems that limited, the original energy sources come are cheaper, give better down to renewables, primarily hydro, solar For further information email use of energy, stable (photovoltaic or thermal), wind and, in the [email protected] operation and simpler integration in the vessel. This work is wide- Smart container ship ranging, covering systems design, Electric Blue for energy storage, energy management, distribution on board and charging. All the partners have expertise to contribute – and definite goals they want to achieve. “We are in process of reducing
26 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine A 3D sketch of a greener multipurpose vessel to be delivered to the Norwegian Coastal Authority by the end of 2018
ZERO HOUR
and reduce running “Norway is well ahead with hours on the machinery. work on green shipping, and Not least we are trying to obtain more of our we see good export potential energy from renewable shore supplies instead in these systems in the future” of from fossil fuels.” Sigurd Øvrebø Kystverket brings practical operating experience with battery emissions from our fleet of the technology is ready.” Systems, Rolls-Royce. hybrid systems. Its first ferries, both fast ferries and For Rolls-Royce, the “Norway is well ahead with multipurpose vessel has vehicle/passenger vessels, aim is to develop systems work on green shipping, been operating very with the aim of becoming that are both commercially and we see good export successfully, a second with the first Norwegian operator attractive to vessel potential in these kinds a larger battery pack is with zero emissions”, says operators and, at the same of systems in the future.” currently being built, and Lars Jacob Engelsen, time, environmentally “This project is a third is being planned. Vice-MD of Norled. friendly. in line with Color This project is not just “We are well under way “The complete systems Line’s strategy,” says talk. The ENERGIX zero with electrification on the and individual components Electrical Inspector emission ship project short routes. should be applicable Johann Martinussen. demands practical results, “We are happy to to both car ferries and “Electrification of the with the goal of following participate in this project as cruise ferries,” says Sigurd fleet is a central part of it. up the two-year research we are keen to do the same Øvrebø, Product Manager We want to make better programme with three full- on our longer routes when for Electrical and Energy use of energy on board scale installations. l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 27 NAVAL
By Andrew Rice Watch this space... Like most warships, space is at a premium in the Royal Navy’s new Type 26 Global Combat Ship. Onboard systems and stores must use the limited area efficiently – but luckily our latest thinking in handling systems design is making a big difference in operating flexibility
he Royal Navy’s Type 26 The advanced power system is a Rolls-Royce was recently awarded City Class of cutting-edge, combination of diesel-electric or gas a contract by BAE Systems to supply anti-submarine warfare turbine mechanical propulsion drive the mission bay handling system frigates will be a globally known as CODLOG. Central to the (MBHS) and replenishment equipment Tdeployable fleet of multi-mission system is a single Rolls-Royce MT30 for the first three ships of the class. gas turbine that produces 36MW of The Canadian designed MBHS Read more warships capable of undertaking about our a wide range of roles from high- power at 38⁰C. This allows the frigate will also be built in Canada, at the naval work on the Indepth intensity warfare to humanitarian to reach full power in a matter of Rolls-Royce Peterborough facility, mobile app assistance, either independently or minutes and releases the entire ship’s the centre of excellence for launch Indepth for iPhone as part of a task group. electrical generation system capacity and recovery systems design and is on the Apple The ship takes full advantage of to the on-board hotel load and manufacture. App Store and on Google Play for modular design and open systems weapons systems. Android devices architecture, ensuring it can be At cruising speed, or when Invaluable experience easily upgraded as new technology engaged in anti-submarine Rolls-Royce has many develops, and can accommodate operations, the ship will years of experience BELOW: Small different sub-systems and equipment operate four Rolls- in designing launch craft can launch suited to bespoke customer needs. Royce MTU diesel and recovery from the boom Under current planning generators, producing 8 assumptions, eight Type 26 ships a total of 11.6MW to Type 26 vessels will will be delivered to the Royal Navy power its shaft-wound be delivered to the in both anti-submarine warfare main motors, eliminating Royal Navy and general-purpose variants. main gearbox noise. Operational displacement is around In this ultra-quiet diesel- 6,000 tonnes with a range of some electric propulsion configuration, 7,000 nautical miles, and includes the Type 26 – already dubbed the a helicopter landing deck. ‘ghost ship’ – will rival the noise The first vessel is due to signature of the Royal Navy’s Type enter service in the early 2020s, 23 frigates, widely recognised as with the class forecast to remain the benchmark for anti-submarine in service until the middle of the warfare and low underwater radiated century, and possibly beyond. noise signature.
28 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine Watch this
Watch more on the Rolls-Royce channel
systems (LARS) for anchor handlers and craft. It can reach inside adjacent spaces position to automatically compensate construction vessels. This experience has and, with the ISO container spreader for most of the vessel motion by rapidly been brought to bear in designing the attached, extend its reach to 4m. This means adjusting winch speed and direction, innovative MBHS tailored to the unique lighter parts or boxes can be easily handled, facilitating boat recovery. requirements of the Type 26 platform. making operations in this confined space Resembling its forerunner – the safer, simpler and more efficient. Future flexibility commercial rail-mounted LARS, When launching and As naval requirements continue to evolve, capable of launching and recovering small boats, the Rolls-Royce MBHS is designed to recovering equipment from a unmanned surface vessels accommodate future upgrades like iWinch
ship’s side in severe weather (USV) or unmanned and FutureWave, so that future needs and – the naval variant is a 7,000 underwater vessels (UUV), a interoperability with other navies can be telescopic luffing boom unit. Range of each constant tension winch – also maintained. It is mounted on twin rails Type 26 vessel part of the system – is used. “We know requirements change rapidly,” that run across the width of in nautical miles Active heave compensation says Brian Morrow, Business Development the Type 26 and its open mission (AHC) can be incorporated into Manager for Naval Handling Systems. bay, and is designed to be truly the control system to extend vessel “As naval vessels have long service lives, multi-purpose. operations in severe weather conditions. our system will continue to develop and The boom is equipped with a slew drive This uses vessel motion data and feedback will be adaptable to handle the different and is designed to take attachments that from sensors in the handling system that payloads we have yet to think of and design. can move ISO containers or launch small monitor the handling units overboard The system will be capable of handling the integrated portable solutions that are now being developed.” TYPE 26 MBHS FUNCTIONS Rolls-Royce has also designed and developed a semi-automatic LARS system in ■■ Deploy and recover boats and unmanned vessels (UxVs) from both sides of the Canada to launch and recover 9m USVs and ship while keeping them under positive control manned rigid inflatable boats. It is currently ■■ Reach all areas of the mission bay so boats, UxVs, large components or large fitted to a frigate.l boxes can be handled safely at sea ■■ Load and offload containers and containerised mission packages from either side without the aid of a dockside crane For further information email [email protected]
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 29 NAVAL STORAGE POWER The likely introduction of more high-powered electromagnetic systems on future naval platforms will place greater demands on the ships’ electric power generation system. Dr Ian Whitlegg of the Rolls-Royce Strategic Research Centre explains some of the engineering solutions and the technology involved
he move to significantly more Pulsed loads to draw these pulses of energy direct from on-board electrical power is being Industry experts draw attention to the the generators. pioneered by the US Navy’s new potential impact on quality of power There are likely to be many different Zumwalt-class destroyers, which supply (QPS) the intermittent, high types of pulsed loads, not just from Thave gas turbine generation systems power loads but short pulses will have, weapons but also high power radars, which capable of providing up to 78MW of power. especially to other electrical power presents the platform’s power system with The electrical system is configured as consumers on-board. a complex load demand to manage. an integrated power system, which enables As a naval platform’s electric power Trying to meet the load demand with the power generated to be used for system is governed by QPS standards, conventional generators will result in the propulsion as well as the ship’s weapons, a complete understanding of pulsed rapid deceleration and acceleration of the sensors and on-board systems. loads is necessary to ensure the correct prime movers, and potentially the violation Although not totally new, the system is and reliable operation of the electrical of the QPS and greater engine wear, with an important factor for the future, as new equipment. an impact on through-life costs. technologies that need vast amounts of Pulsed loads can be characterised power to operate continue to evolve, are by the magnitude of the pulses and the Energy storage tested and enter service. associated rate of change, normally A possible solution to these issues Looking to the future, a greater referred to as the gradient of the rising being considered by Rolls-Royce is the proportion of naval platforms are likely to and falling edges. incorporation of energy storage that is have high-powered electromagnetic or Conventional naval platform electric more able to respond to loads with fast directed energy weapons, which could power system design states that sufficient rise times, thereby leaving the platform’s provide advantages in terms of operational generation capacity should be installed so gas turbine generators (GTA) providing a effectiveness and cost. that the peak magnitude of any load can continuous, near steady-state load. However, power-hungry electric be safely accommodated. Energy storage can respond to weapons will have a real impact on the However, dependent on type, the peak the changes in load demand in the platforms’ electrical power system. This magnitude of these anticipated pulsed sub-second timeframe, and is therefore is because very high amounts of energy loads is likely to be in terms of gig joules capable of responding to these fast rise are demanded for just short periods of at a rate of change well outside the time loads. time. This creates an intermittent pulsed performance capability of any generator, Current energy storage systems vary. power demand characteristic, placing a placing unacceptable transient loads on Some are able to provide high power significant burden on the ship’s electric the power system. density, while others provide high energy power generation system. These constraints mean it is impractical density, but essentially the characteristics
30 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine ROLLS-ROYCE IN ACTION
STORAGE 78MW maximum power generated by Zumwalt class POWER gas turbines A Rolls-Royce energy storage solution concept for an autonomous naval platform
of the energy and energy compensation to the possible high-powered electric THE DESIGNER’S CHOICE storage need aggregate power demand at the systems are evolving, the naval to complement main switchboard; or a distributed industry continues to assess the ■■ Centralised System the dynamic system, comprising matched possible solutions. Multiple energy storage, behaviour of the energy storage solutions capable Rolls-Royce firmly believes that providing power and energy GTA, and thereby of providing the power or energy when the impact of life on the GTAs to aggregate power demand a fully optimised compensation to specific loads, and performance on the platform’s at main switchboard system solution at the point of connection to the electric power generation system is achieved. electric power system. are fully considered, then the best ■■ Distributed System In this way, Energy storage is also a key position for the energy storage Matched energy storage the concept of factor in other naval application, closely coupled the GTA is the providing power or energy a centralised like autonomous vessels. It will optimum solution. Ultimately, naval to specific loads at point power station, provide the platform with a cost- platform electric power generation of connection to electric comprising GTAs effective and reliable means of system design is changing. ● power system and energy propulsion at lower speeds and storage is without running engines – also a key developed. requirement for stealth. For further information email Alternatively, the pulsed load Today, as the load demands of [email protected] demand could be considered at the point of consumption. A distributed system raises the need to match the energy storage performance 2 Rolls-Royce to the load characteristics of MT30 gas each consumer, exactly. As this is turbines on distributed throughout the platform, each Zumwalt this solution is a resilient one, although there is a greater volume of the ship used by energy storage, which increases the challenge for the designer. Therefore, systems designers have a choice. A centralised system, 2 consisting of energy storage The US Navy’s new Zumwalt class benefits from a RR4500 solutions optimised with the GTA, range of advances in electric systems design turbines able to provide the necessary power also fitted
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 31 NAVAL / CUSTOMER
Turkish boat builder ARES has exceeded expectations by ROLLS-ROYCE delivering a record-breaking contract for the Qatari Coast Guard IN ACTION ahead of schedule. In just 12 years, its vessels’ higher speeds and increased manoeuvrability have led to an impressive global customer list – with Rolls-Royce as a vital strategic partner
n 2006, when Kerim Kalafatoğlu products, particularly aluminium, delivered sophisticated tonnage to founded ARES, he breathed steel and composite-hulled vessels, naval forces, coast guards, maritime 46 new life into his family’s long perfecting a unique system of police, port security and customs- engines and boatbuilding history. While the automated vacuum fusion. enforcement directorates in the likes waterjets being Inaysayers advised against it, calling “We brought this in to the military of Qatar, Bahrain and Nigeria. supplied it an exercise in romanticism, craft building industry for the first Having worked closely with to ARES Mr Kalafatoğlu was adamant the new time with epoxy resin,” says Mr ARES for a number of years, shipyard in the Antalya Free Zone Kalafatoğlu. These new composite Rolls-Royce has delivered a number on the south coast of Turkey would boatbuilding materials, used in ARES’s of advanced solutions to help satisfy be a success. He was right. Hercules series, can help vessels their customers. Mr Kalafatoğlu says: Twelve years on and ARES is achieve higher speeds and increased “We have gone from a buyer-seller one of the world’s fastest-growing manoeuvrability due to the reduction relationship to a level of strategic shipyards and an industry leader in weight and increase in strength. partnership. We’ve worked closely on in military and governmental craft. ARES, the only shipyard in some important projects and they’ve 3 ARES began its new journey with Turkey with these specialised skills, brought a lot of support.” different the successful deliveries of pleasure is expected to be a major player in To mark 12 years of innovation, sizes of craft craft, fishing and leisure boats. future composite designs, especially ARES handed over the flagship fitted with Over the past 12 years, the yard has military and governmental craft. vessel for the Qatari Coast Guard. Rolls-Royce expanded exponentially, taking on It is certainly building up an The ARES 150 Hercules, a 48m solutions new personnel and developing new impressive customer list having Offshore Patrol Vessel, is the largest Turkish delight
By Connie Hanbury
32 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine of a fleet of 17 craft being built for the Coast Guard and features our MTU Series 4000 diesel engines and twin 71S4 waterjets. Rolls-Royce is supplying 46 engines and waterjets for ARES, across three different sizes of craft. The MTU 12V 2000M84 diesel engines and Kamewa 50A3 series waterjets are being supplied for the 24m ARES 75 Hercules and ARES 110 Hercules craft – awarded the World’s Best Patrol Boat in 2016. “looking forward to having the 150 expanding its footprint from 15,000 to Mr Kalafatoğlu explains how this Hercules in Doha to begin exercises 25,000m2 in the next year, the yard will vessel “broke records and is the with allies’ forces”. reach is largest capacity in 2018. largest contract ever signed for The ARES 150 Hercules boasts Rolls-Royce is proud to be working composite fast patrol boats and the the largest composite hull ever built with ARES on a number of new projects Turkish Republic’s largest-ever naval in Turkey, and at up to 40 knots, the Read more which will see more innovation brought export programme”. world’s fastest Offshore Patrol Vessel. about our to life. partnerships Commissioned to protect Qatar’s While ARES might be coming to on the Indepth An energetic company on the mobile app vital industries, seven 34m ARES 110 the end of this recording-breaking cusp of much bigger things. Not Hercules Fast Patrol Craft and five contract an impressive 18 months Indepth for iPhone many yards can deliver 48m vessels is on the Apple 24m ARES 75 Hercules Fast Patrol ahead of schedule, it marks the App Store and on in just 10 months – an achievement Craft have already been delivered. turning of a corner for the shipyard. Google Play for Mr Kalafatoğlu puts down to “a talented Android devices During the handing-over ARES was awarded Turkey’s fastest- and experienced workforce”. l ceremony, Qatari Commander growing company of the year in 2016 Brigadier General Ali Al Badeed Al and new orders are already being Mannai told us he was, “very happy made for the Hercules series. Taking For more information email with the ships’ performance,” and is, on new manufacturing facilities, [email protected]
“The Qatari contract is the largest contract ever signed for composite fast patrol boats and the Turkish Republic’s largest-ever naval export programme” Turkish Kerim Kalafatoğlu
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 33 TECHNOLOGY
Installing our Promas propeller and rudder package in its tankers has taken efficiency to a whole new level for Glencore Oil – and it has the test results to prove it Lean
hen the shipping tankers. This has resulted in annual arm of Glencore Oil savings for Glencore of roughly US$ ordered two ECO 700,000 per ship, based on $350 product tankers tonne/IFO380. Wfrom South Korean shipbuilder While this enviable fuel saving SPP in 2011, they insisted that a – and consequent reduction in Rolls-Royce Promas propeller and emissions – has resulted from a rudder package was installed to help combination of improved hull improve fuel efficiency further. form, new electronically-controlled To measure performance MAN main engine, hull coating improvements against the shipyard’s and Promas, Glencore also said standard equipment, classification the installation of the Rolls-Royce society Lloyd’s Register of Shipping propeller-rudder combination also was appointed to oversee model helped to reduce operational costs tests conducted at the independent elsewhere. national model basin in Bulgaria. Cavitation erosion has decreased Although the 53,000 deadweight and recent underwater inspections tonne vessels – delivered in 2014 have revealed no pitting or as Alpine Maria and Alpine Mary – cavitation damage to the propellers. were designed for optimum energy This is likely to reduce Glencore’s and environmental efficiencies, the dry-docking costs as they anticipate model tests verified the efficiency no major repairs to the propeller or gains of the Promas equipment. rudder. These improvements were Propeller-induced lower noise significantly better than the and vibration are other discernible shipyard’s standard offering benefits. Following a series of and consistent with vibration measurements aboard both Glencore’s commitment vessels, Glencore noted that the to reducing emissions. readings were very good – in fact In addition, when in better than they had ever seen for operation, the efficiency this class of ship. gain was further The ships’ crews agree. According improved and an to Keith Tyler, Sales Manager, increase on that Rolls-Royce Commercial Marine: recorded during the “The crews are very pleased. They model tests. tell me they are the quietest tankers due to lower propeller induced Indeed, after two they have been on.” hull pressures pulses and a similar years of operation, One of the reasons for reduction in ship machinery Glencore has noticed this, explains Joakim H. vibration levels.” that each vessel Grytzelius, at Rolls-Royce Promas integrates the propeller, a achieved efficiency AB, Kristinehamn, hubcap, rudder bulb and the rudder improvements in the Sweden, is that the itself into a single hydrodynamic region of 23 per cent, Promas integrated propulsion efficient unit. A tapered hubcap resulting in a daily reduction and manoeuvring system can fitted to the propeller hub leads the in fuel consumption of 5.5 tonnes accommodate greater loads on the water flow onto a bulb which forms compared to other similar sized propeller blades. part of the spade rudder. The rudder tankers in the company’s 41-vessel He says: “This is because the has a twisted leading edge, optimised fleet. load is more evenly distributed for the flow from the propeller, which Based on service speeds of 13 across the entire blade, resulting converts the swirl energy in the knots, Alpine Mary and Alpine Maria in substantially lower cavitation slipstreams, which is normally lost, typically burn 17.5 tonnes of fuel compared to other fixed into additional forward thrust. a day as opposed to the 23 tonnes pitch propellers. We can achieve “The four-bladed propeller which burned by other non-Promas MR a reduction in ship hull vibrations we matched to the Glencore vessels’
34 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine machinesBy Patrik Wheater
“Not only does this afford full inter-changeability, it reduces the need for a spare propeller shaft and also offers considerable cost savings in terms of downtime, maintenance and repairs” Joakim H. Grytzelius
hull and operating profile also torque calculations had been compared to model scale results incorporates a SKF propeller sleeve, underestimated and therefore failed for this vessel type. which is designed to simplify the to meet SOLAS requirements. But “This particular configuration also process of removing the screw,” Glencore was able to work with Rolls- benefits from using synthetic rudder says Joakim. Royce to address the issue. bearings which significantly reduce “Not only does this afford full Keith Tyler, Sales Manager, friction losses, compared to typical inter-changeability, it reduces the Rolls-Royce, Commercial Marine, bronze bushings.” need for a spare propeller shaft and takes up the story: “We updated the Glencore will now continue also offers considerable cost savings rudder torque predictions, based on to monitor the efficiency gains it in terms of downtime, maintenance measured rudder performance in full has achieved with these two ships and repairs.” scale, and increased the size of the as part of the company’s much While the operational benefits steering gear accordingly. wider commitment to reducing its of the Promas system have been “This upgrading involved environmental footprint across all its verified by Glencore, the installations replacing the bronze rudder bearing divisions. l to Alpine Mary and Alpine Maria with a self-lubricating polymer were not without their challenges. bearing.” The rudder of the Promas system He adds: “We learned a lot from gave Glencore problems during this project. We found greater For further information email sea trials, as steering gear rudder performance in full scale [email protected]
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 35 TECHNOLOGY
By Richard White
Vessels with complex operating profiles need a very specific solution to achieve efficient propulsion. Luckily, Rolls-Royce has found the perfect answer for a border patrol vessel and two busy passenger ferries – a controllable pitch propeller flanked by two Azipull thrusters
Pitch PERFECT
36 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine PAGE “The two-wing Azipull azimuth thrusters... enable large turning forces 38 to be exerted”
hen it comes to manoeuvring under normal cruising propelling a ship conditions. The centreline CPP is there are many brought into action purely for boost possible solutions, power when high speed is required. Wfrom conventional twin screws to Rolls-Royce AZP thrusters and azimuth thrusters and combinations propellers are both available with a of propellers and azimuth thrusters. feathering position for their propeller A Rolls-Royce flexible solution blades in addition to the controllable that has been applied successfully pitch function, which means that drag to ships with different operating is minimised. profiles combines a controllable pitch For ferries working from shallow propeller (CPP) on the centreline with harbours, the smaller propellers and Azipull thrusters either side. accurately-vectored thrust of the It’s ideal where a vessel has an Azipull units reduce the risk of sea operational profile demanding a bed erosion and the stirring up of old variety of speeds and hence power polluted sediment. inputs to the propulsion system. The Apart from offering propulsion resulting propulsion efficiency is high efficiency in multiple operating modes, across the various operating modes the system allows maximum flexibility and manoeuvrability is also good. in the power train. Typically, the This system can be configured Azipulls are electrically driven, while in several ways. Azipull thrusters the centre CPP may have electrical with their pulling propellers not or mechanical drive. In addition, the only provide vectored thrust for power plant can be optimised for each agile manoeuvring, but because operating condition, giving a high their streamlined underwater bodies level of propulsion redundancy to provide a large rudder effect under meet safe return-to-port rules. normal straight-ahead sailing, no The vessels on the following pages separate rudders are required. show how this Rolls-Royce propulsion The centreline propeller can also system has been successfully applied concentrate on supplying thrust. to very different types of vessel... A rudder behind the centre CPP might be required depending on the size of the vessel and the overall dynamic course characteristics resulting from the properties of the hull and its steering devices. For one type of application, such “It’s ideal where a vessel as ropax vessels, the Azipulls provide all propulsion and manoeuvring in has an operational port and harbour approaches up to a given speed. profile demanding a From there up to cruising speed, the centreline Kamewa CPP can either variety of speeds and take over or supplement the thrusters. In another class of application, hence power inputs to such as patrol craft, the Azipull thruster provides both propulsion and the propulsion system”
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 37 TECHNOLOGY
CASE STUDY No1 The Finnish border guard vessel Turva was Putting innovation to work built to undertake a variety of tasks, each of which puts different demands on the 17m-wide vessel and its propulsion system. Among its roles are border security, search and rescue, pollution response, emergency towing and fire fighting. For year-round operation, it also needs to break ice up to 0.8m thick at three knots. These tasks involve very different speeds and powers. Therefore Rolls-Royce devised a propeller and thruster combination plus a multifunctional propulsion control system that caters for the load change response of the dual-fuel engines, which normally operate on liquefied natural gas (LNG). Various options were considered, but the final choice was a Rolls-Royce system combining electrical and mechanical transmissions for greatest efficiency. The centreline propeller is flanked by two Azipull 120 steerable thrusters with pulling propellers, with all rudder effect provided by the foil-shaped Azipull legs. For most lower speed work and manoeuvring, only the electrically-driven Azipull units are in action, each transmitting up to 2,400kW to their 2.85m diameter CPPs, with the centreline propeller fully feathered for minimum drag. In situations calling for full speed, or for icebreaking, the centreline propeller is brought into service. It is a CP unit 3.4m in diameter CASE STUDY No2 7.5m, and the depth varies between rated for 5,400kW, 14m and 21m over the rest of the route. mechanically coupled When sister vessels Copenhagen Another complicating factor is the through a reduction and Berlin entered service at the strong cross-current at the opening gearbox also driving a beginning of 2017 on the Gedser- between the piers at Gedser. shaft generator. Rostock route between Denmark and The operating strategy is therefore 96 The control system Germany, the two new ferries, together to accelerate rapidly to eight knots metres long regulates power to with associated improvements at astern when leaving Gedser, then both the propeller the terminals, doubled the transport turn the vessel once outside the port, and Azipull thrusters. capacity on this vital route between proceed to Rostock, and turn again A tunnel and a Scandinavia and Europe. before entering berth stern first. retractable thruster Berlin and its sister can carry 1,300 On the return trip, the ferries go at the bow work with passengers in considerable comfort ahead from berth to berth. Transit the main propulsion and the equivalent of 460 cars or 96 speeds that give optimum fuel economy 18 system to meet DP2 trucks. Both were designed specifically were selected for the given departure knots full speed dynamic positioning for the route and feature a centreline frequency, which is 20 departures requirements. l CP Promas propeller/rudder and two per day in a fixed two-hour cycle, wing Azipull thrusters. which means around 20 knots for a The vessel length of 105-minute passage time. 169.5m with a design This way of operating puts the draught of 5.5m is focus on manoeuvrability and speed, optimised for Gedser and hence the design of Rolls-Royce harbour at the Danish propulsion solution. end of the route, and The two-wing Azipull azimuth the design of the hull thrusters are in operation at all took into account the stages of the voyage, each driven by shallow water on the a 3,500kW electric motor. They enable entire 26 nautical large turning forces to be exerted mile run. on the vessel, whether it’s stationary Within Gedser or moving. The centreline propellor is flanked by two steerable Azipull thrusters harbour, the water When reversing off the berth and depth is only about out between the harbour piers at
38 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine Gedser and dealing with the cross- forward thrust. The Promas is also a ROLLS-ROYCE currents, the Azipulls are rotated low-drag solution in the feathered IN ACTION Putting innovation to work for full astern thrust to give precise position. The five-bladed monoblock course-keeping and will accelerate propellers on the Azipull units are the ferry from standstill to eight designed to provide high propulsive knots in less than three ship lengths. efficiency up to 17.5 knots. One of several power options – electric Azipulls In transit, the thrusters deliver This innovative solution was and electrical/mechanical efficient forward thrust. designed after extensive CFD drive to centerline propeller For manoeuvring, and at lower analysis, manoeuvring simulations speeds, the centreline CPP in a and test tank work, with involvement 1,300 Promas system is feathered. After from Scandlines, Rolls-Royce and passenger manoeuvring, the propeller is set to HSVA, the test tank establishment capacity the freewheeling pitch and clutched in Hamburg. in. The centre shaftline then Model testing was also carried efficiently supplies the additional out in Duisburg, where the tank propulsion thrust needed for full could be configured to evaluate transit speed, driven through a performance in shallow waters. combining reduction gearbox. Small underkeel clearance Two generator sets, two main can give rise to propeller wear engines and a battery pack provide or damage. To minimise this, the 460 a total of 18MW to the propellers thrusters are positioned close up car capacity and the hotel load. under the hull, the CPP diameter The Helicon X3 control system is limited to 4.6m, and the bottom adjusts propeller pitch and of the hull is dished to give more revolution speed, and determines clearance over the propeller. the power fed to the azimuth As the ships run at speed in thrusters. New propeller curves shallow waters, cavitation and have been made for optimised pressure pulse excitation on the operation with one or two gensets. hull were analysed in detail to 18MW To maximise propulsive efficiency ensure they met passenger vessel of power and reduce cavitation-induced vibration criteria. pressure pulses, the Promas system The propulsion system complies has a five-bladed propeller. The with Lloyd’s Register Ice Class 1C rules. Finite element method (FEM) analysis was also used in propeller “This way of operating puts the design, to meet the new Finnish/ Swedish rules which require blade focus on manoeuvrability and strength to be calculated against a 20 speed, and hence the design of set of stated ice load conditions. knots full Power for propulsion and hotel speed Rolls-Royce propulsion solution” load is provided by four diesel engines with combined scrubbers, rudder with a Costa bulb and a integrated with a 1.5MWh battery. l twisted leading edge recovers swirl energy in the propeller slipstream that would otherwise be For further information email lost, converting it into additional [email protected]
Berlin and sister vessel Copenhagen both benefit from the Rolls-Royce system
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 39 TECHNOLOGY
By Anette Bonnevie Wollebæk
Rolls-Royce is now working with customers to develop sensible management systems that can harness the real power of available digital data. The end goal? To make machinery breakdown a thing of the past
The first Ship Intelligence experience space in Ålesund opened in November 2017. Here, customers are able to see first hand how digital tools can help them manage their assets at sea
aving lots of performance data from a ship is not necessarily a great thing – it’s how you turn the Hdata into valuable knowledge that will make the difference. That’s why, in November 2017, we opened the first in a series of Ship Intelligence experience spaces to show customers, suppliers and partners how the latest digital solutions can transform the marine industry. The demonstrators show how Ship Intelligence systems can harness the power of data to offer a whole host of benefits, such as optimised fleet operations, reduced operating costs, improved maintenance procedures and enhanced safety.
Demonstrates real benefits The first Intelligent Asset Management (IAM) space opened late last year in Ålesund, Norway, as part of the Rolls-Royce Technology and Training Centre. The second space, which focuses on Remote and Autonomous Systems, opened in Finland in January and is part of the Rolls-Royce Research & Development Centre in the city of Turku. The IAM experience space provides an area for Rolls-Royce customers to physically enter the heart of their ship’s data. Here they can validate the advantages of using MAKING DATA systems such as Energy Management
DYNAMIC40 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine “We can fully demonstrate for our customers the very tangible benefits of what is often considered an intangible technology” Mikael Mäkinen
(EM) and Equipment Health better use of that data and give them from machinery and systems. This can Management (EHM) in real-time, a complete digital picture of the then be used to take more effective ABOVE: Mikael operational environments. current and potential operational and pre-emptive action. Mäkinen cuts Marine President Mikael Mäkinen performance of their fleet.” the ribbon at the opening of says: “It is often difficult to convey The facilities also provide a Detects failure early the Rolls-Royce the many commercial and operational workspace in which Rolls-Royce and “This data is invaluable if you know Research and benefits of new cloud-based digital customers alike can hone existing how to access and use it,” says Jan. Development technologies. But now, with the digital solutions and collaborate on “For example, it can inform managers Centre in Turku opening of these centres, we can fully the development of new ones. of any material degradation or likely in January, demonstrate for our customers the The Fleet Management Command component failure before it happens, where the very tangible benefits of what is often Centre area, meanwhile, is a proof- so replacements can be ordered company’s second Ship considered an intangible technology.” of-concept for a future product before any operational disturbance. Intelligence Rolls-Royce is also increasing that puts all the information a fleet “Reducing the frequency of experience the size of its team in the Marine manager needs at their fingertips. unplanned maintenance events space is located Intelligent Analytics Centre in The command centre has an will result in a fleet that always Ålesund, headed by Jan Chirkowski. intuitive touch interface and a runs to optimum commercial and He says: “Essentially it’s a ‘digital 6m-wide curved screen to display environmental efficiency.” factory’ where data is transformed ship data via systems such as the The concept of real-time into insights that help and support portals for Energy Management machinery data is common in the more informed decision-making.” and Health Management. aviation industry, where aero-engine The experience space in Ålesund Jan says: “The Energy performance information is critical. is developed and operated in close Management display gives a However, bandwidth availability and proximity to the analytics team, complete overview of the fleet’s cost have been barriers to it rolling and typically has two distinct areas energy footprint, providing the out in the marine industry – until now. – an Intelligent Analytics Centre information needed to optimise Mikael adds: “This information is Collaborative Canvas area and a Fleet or adjust operating parameters crucial for performance. It can be Management Command Centre. to achieve better energy and used to reduce fuel consumption and Jan says: “The collaborative environmental efficiencies.” emissions, extend overhaul intervals canvas space allows us to visualise The Health Management portal and increase system availability. this data, co-develop product uses machine-learning algorithms to Machinery breakdowns could indeed features with our customers to make flag up anomalies in the sensor data be a thing of the past.” l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 41 TECHNOLOGY
The first Rolls-Royce Autocrossing system for ferries is now in operation. Fjord1’s full-electric double-ended car ferry Gloppefjord now uses Autocrossing on the short Anda-Lote link on the E39 highway in western Norway. A sister ship, Eidesfjord, has also joined the pioneer on the same route. We take a closer look…
By Richard White
THE PIONEER TRAIL
ferry crossing involves a designated point the operator can covered. Faster acceleration and automating a distinct series engage the Autocrossing system. At slowing down gives more transit of operations: departure the other end, in the predetermined time, which can be at a lower from the linkspan, arrival zone, the captain disengages speed. So that total energy used Aacceleration to transit speed, transit the system and takes manual control per trip is a balance between the at constant speed, deceleration for the docking manoeuvres. phases, as shown in Fig.2. on approach to the terminal, and If they are incapacitated or Autocrossing optimises manoeuvring prior to connecting forget, the system brings the ferry this for different vessel loads to linkspan. to a safe stop in the arrival zone, and weather conditions while At present, the Rolls-Royce keeping it automatically in a fixed keeping to agreed departure Autocrossing system is configured position instead of continuing into times and crossing durations. to cover the middle three elements, the terminal. The captain can also Drawing on the extensive leaving the docking manoeuvring disengage the system and resume experience and know-how of to the captain. command any time during crossing. the Rolls-Royce hydrodynamics Shortly after leaving the dock, at Acceleration, transit and team, advanced optimisation deceleration methods were developed. are the phases Combined with the efficient where most Read more Azipull thrusters, one at each about ferry of the energy technology on end, this ensures the highest is consumed the Indepth possible energy efficiency. mobile app in ferries of this type. Fig.1 Indepth for iPhone The smoothest savings is on the Apple (bottom right) App Store and on Propulsion motors are the shows the five Google Play for largest energy consumers, so Android devices phases, the savings come from providing area under the only enough power to time/speed smoothly accelerate the ferry The Gloppefjord ferry curve being to the required cruising speed the distance in the available time. Leaving
42 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine ROLLS-ROYCE IN ACTION “It documents both performance and energy consumption, and helps to improve operating safety” Jann Peter Strand 120 “Our Autocrossing system minimum and to ensure sufficient low car capacity simplifies the ferry crossing speed thrust or manoeuvring power operation and cuts the energy during adverse weather conditions, consumption per trip to the reducing the battery size needed. minimum,” says Jann Peter Strand, The battery-only vessels replace Product Manager for Automation and diesel-powered ferries, and the Control, Rolls-Royce. “At the same lithium ion batteries are charged time it documents both performance from shore connections to the local and energy consumption, and also power grid at each terminal. helps to improve operating safety. Azipull AZP 85CP-F thrusters The system is delivered as an are located one at each end of a 12 integrated solution with propellers ferry. Both will be powered when trailers and control systems from Rolls- manoeuvring and accelerating Royce, both for newbuilds and away. In transit, power is retrofit projects.” proportioned between the fore and Gloppefjord and Eidesfjord were aft thrusters to give the highest designed by Multi Maritime, who propulsive efficiency.l worked with Rolls-Royce to ensure the Azipull thruster propulsion system and hullform work together For further information email to cut the energy requirement to a [email protected] 349 passengers
SPEED/TIME PROFILE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION this to the Autocrossing system Fig 2 also takes away variations in manual operation. The Autocrossing continuously optimises the relationship ENERGY CONSUMPTION between propeller pitch and 2km rotational speed, the use of crossing steering angle and power distribution between aft and kWh forward thruster(s). Activation and deactivation of a feathering function of the forward thruster is also handled automatically. In addition to minimising energy use, it helps to protect the battery of these all- electric ferries and to manage the logistics of the charging process at the terminals. 3 The system takes data from the gyrocompass, Differential 2 4 Global Positioning System (DGPS), area = distance
speed log and wind sensor. The Speed (knots) outputs control the propulsion 1 5 thrusters and propeller pitch/rpm to give the required acceleration TIME Fig 1 and speed with optimised use of 1 Low speed manoeuvring departing from pier power, while keeping the ferry on • 2 Acceleration • 3 Steady speed • 4 Retardation the chosen track. • 5 Manoeuvring towards destination pier
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 43 THE BIG PICTURE
Weatherıng the storm Our user-friendly dynamic positioning system has quickly helped the crew of the Skandi Vinland cope with harsh conditions off the shore of Canada
By Frode Vik and Anette Bonnevie Wollebæk
44 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine ROLLS-ROYCE IN ACTION
Location: Newfoundland, Canada
THE SKANDI VINLAND
elivered from the Vard Langsten yard in During the spring, crews must also contend with the 93 Norway in May 2017, the 93m-long Skandi many challenges that pack ice brings, with an average metres long Vinland is a Vard 3-08 Subsea Construction of 400 icebergs monitored in the area annually. Vessel, equipped with a 100 tonne knuckle Captain Bryan Riggs says the multipurpose vessel Dboom crane. performs various operations such as inspection, The Skandi Vinland has a 10-year contract with installation, maintenance and repair of subsea assets Husky Energy, operating on the White Rose Oilfield, such as manifolds, templates and pipelines. It can also which is located 195 nautical miles from the coast of handle towing, offshore supply, ice management and Newfoundland in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin on the Grand safety stand by duties. Banks. The operation is led from DOF Subsea Canada An important tool for these operations is its two 100 in Mount Pearl, Newfoundland. Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV), which act as both tonne knuckle Superintendent Leon Roebotham notes the vessel eyes and toolbox. Also important is the Rolls-Royce boom crane has a full diesel electrical (DE) system including Icon Dynamic Positioning (DP) System, which has more Rolls-Royce propulsion and engines. than met crew expectations. The advantages of a DE system are mainly Even though they hadn’t used it before, the crew lower fuel consumption and flexibility in power say its intuitive control made it simple for the Dynamic management, which is important for both safety and Positioning Operator (DPO) to quickly become familiar the environment. with the system. Oilfield conditions are harsh and demanding for When asked for highlights, Chief Officer Steve both crew and vessel, with severe weather for much of Walsh says: “The training we received from Rolls-Royce 400 the year. Hurricane force winds during the autumn and and overall user-friendliness and clear information icebergs monitored winter are common, with sea states to match, and fog is presentation on the user interface makes the system (annual average) also present for much of the year. easy to operate.” l
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 45 EVENTS MEET
9 THE TEAM Apr Sea-Air-Space Navy League Maryland, USA (runs until 12 April) 30 ● seaairspace.org Apr
Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, USA (runs until 3 May) ● 2018.otcnet.org 5 Mar
Seatrade Cruise Global Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA (runs until 8 March) ● seatradecruiseglobal.com
28 Nov
International WorkBoat Show New Orleans, USA (runs until 30 November) ● workboatshow.com
30 16 May Nov Canadian Association of Pacific Marine Expo Defence and Security Seattle, USA Industries (CANSEC) (runs until 18 November) Ottawa, Canada (runs until 31 May) ● pacificmarineexpo.com ● defenceandsecurity.ca/ CANSEC
46 Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 2018 will be a busy year for the Rolls-Royce Marine Sales & Marketing team. Here’s where you’ll find us in the months ahead – so come and say hello and 21 discover the latest in marine innovation Aug
Nor-Fishing Trondheim, Norway (runs until 24 August) ● nor-fishing.no 27 Aug
ONS Stavanger, Norway (runs until 30 August) ● ons.no
4 Sept
SMM Hamburg, Germany (runs until 8 September) ● smm-hamburg.com
20 Jun
Korean Ocean Expo Songdo, South Korea (runs until 22 June) ● koreaoceanexpo.co.kr
11 Apr
DEFEXPO Chennai, India 4 (runs until 14 April) Jun ● defexpoindia.in
Posidonia Athens, Greece (runs until 8 June) ● posidonia-events.com
25 Jun 14 Mar Balt Military Expo Gdansk, Poland Asia Pacific Maritime (runs until 27 June) Singapore (runs until 16 March) ● baltmilitary.amberexpo.pl ● apmaritime.com For further information email [email protected]
Rolls-Royce Indepth magazine 47 rolls-royce.com
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