VOL. 2 No. 12 OCTOBER 1935 S¢ AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM STOP THE CONQUEST OF ETHIOPIA

RESISTANCE IN ITALY TO PLUNDER OF ETHIOPIA by =| Tito Nunzio and William N. Jones

JAPAN’S “MANIFEST DESTINY” by Johannes Steel

GOEBBELS VS. SCHACHT by Dr. Kurt Rosenfeld

SPEED UP THE DAY OF DELIVERANCE by Walter Citrine

WHO RUNS SOUTH DAKOTA? by Elsie Olson

BLOOD ON THE COTTON by Al Jackson

Is IT A CRIME TO PROTEST AGAINST WAR? by Julia Kolar HENRI BARBI Woodeut by Liston M. Oak Henri Barbusse, Anti-Fascist Fighter By LOUIS GIBARTI Congress for Colonial Liberation FIGHT Associated with Barbusse in organizing the Brussels ‘in 1927, and the Amsterdam Congress Against War and Fascism in 1952. ESS) AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM MEDITERRANEAN storm was drum- writer sat shivering in an armehair, wrapped Yous ‘OCTOBER, 108 xo ming upon our windows in the tiny in his overcoat, his head sunk between HARRY F. WARD. I involuntarily thought CHAIRMAN: sleeping French village, Miramare de hunched shoulders. VICE-CHAIRMEN: VEsterelle, During that April night in 193: of the statue by Rodin of Balzac, seized by ROBERT MORSS LOVETT, in Paris and other remote French cities ex- fa great idea. Barbusse dictated: LINCOLN STEFFENS, EARL BROWDER citement was running high. The French "J accuse. . . the Prime Minister André ‘TREASURER:... WILLIAM P. MANGOLD President Doumer had been assassinated by Tardieu, ADMINISTRATION:...CLARA BODIAN the Interior Ma- ORGANIZATION... WALDO McNUTT the White Guard Russian, Gorgulov. This T accuse the Minister of PUBLICATIONS:...... LISTON M. OAK provacateur, a strange forerunner of Van hieu . . . the investigating Judge . . . and DOROTHY McCONNELL der Lubbe, threatened to become a useful tool the Police Prefect! of Paris. . . .” LERNER he dictated, his deep resonant voice Germany has be- England, France, Geneva, Poland and Russia, Germany, engaged in a program of plunder come so acute that it is forcing the rulers it seems clear to me that the war against and racial proscription, will grab any part to drastic efforts to stave off the crash. Ethiopia is likely to be the spark that may of Africa that comes handy, but has her eyes Frenzied capitalist economy comes to a pyra- set off a world-wide conflagration. turned toward the provinces of Austria and ‘miding stage when it must pile more exploi- ‘Although from the very beginning Ethiopia Soviet Russia. tation upon exploitation by reaching out for has had the diplomatic cards stacked against ‘Those who have looked to Japan as a de- new fields of operation... . The whole Ital- her, she has played the game so skillfully fender of Ethiopia as a colored race are mis- ian national economy has been subordinated that she is coming out of this phase of the taken. Japan is engaged in a campaign of to the purpose of the Ethiopian campaign. struggle a victor. subjugation of another colored race; she has Ethiopia's greatest ally is the militant man- ‘When I left America, Ethiopia's situation joined the ranks of the exploiting impe1 ner in which white, black, brown and yellow ooked gloomy to me. It still looks grave, but ists... . Japan is playing for higher stakes workers are lining up against Italy's war én I feel now that she has a fifty-fifty chance in an impending European conflicts. . . . Jap- Africa... . to win, anese policy at this moment coincides with It ie my carnest conviction that Russia Both England and France are opposing the policy of Italy in raiding Haile Sclassie’s stands today as the nation mest actively Italy over but not against the proposed divi- kingdom. opposing Italian plundering of Ethiopia,

Emperor Haile Selassie appealing to his troops to ia, and Il campaign. defend Ethiopi Duce reviewing part of his million soldiers departing for the African To the left and below Mussolini is Balbo, twho will lead Italian forces in the invasion of the last independent African nation. Resistance In Italy to Plunder of Ethiopia hi DUCE wants the whole of Ethiopia.” By TITO NUNZIO determined leadership, and had thrown away Thus spoke Baron Aloisi, the repre- Eiitor, L'Unité Operaia their arms instead of keeping them and sentative of the fascist government of fighting with them to end the war. Italy, at the Council meeting of the League Among the Italian toilers there is of Nations, solini's prestige—which was already shaken ‘opposition no less before the present war to the preserit war which Musso- The Italian representative reiterated Mus- preparations—would lini is launching against Ethiopia than to solini’s determination to go ahead with his be completely shattered. The Italian workers Past wars. There plan to plunder and rape Ethiopia, and asked ‘and peasants would look upon Mussolini's re- is a large and growing treat as number who are against the oppression of the other members of the League to stand by, a sign of weakness, and would feel the people of Ethiopia. They are continuing hout intervening for or against. But his spurred to intensify the struggle against the their hated régime militant traditions, handed down to statement met with a sharp and outspoken of terror and hunger and war. them by Garibaldi, the Knight of Humanity, retort coming from Litvinov—the Foreign Mussolini of all people knows that he lies who never raised arms against the people of ‘Commissar of the Soviet Union—who declared when he boasts that the Italian people are other countries and always fought against that unless the Covenant is fully applied unanimously in favor of war. He knows that foreign oppression at home and abroad. against the aggressor in the threatening they have never been. ‘They were against the Space does not permit a full account of Italo-Ethiopian war, the whole purpose of first African war, and immediately after the all the struggles and anti-war actions of the the League of Nations is utterly lost, Lit- famous defeat at Adowa in 1896 they pre- working people of Italy since Mussolini be- vinov's ringing statement isolated the fascist vented, through strike struggles, the sending gan to mass troops on the border of Ethiopia, government of Italy, as the representatives of more troops to Africa, thus bringing about It suffices to mention only the most important of small nations followed his lead and came the end of that much hated war. In 1912 they ones. out in favor of all measures to curb Mus- The sulphur workers of Caltanissetta were against the second African war. In an- (in Sicily) struck immediately after the first solini in this unprovoked aggression. swer to Mussolini's call (Mussolini was at ‘mobilization order was given out and, to- Tl Duce stands indicted not only as the that time editor of Avanti, the official organ gether with their “wives and mothers, pre- enemy of Ethiopian independence, but also as of the Socialist Party of Italy), they demon- vented for several hours the carrying out of a mad imperialist adventurer who has dis- strated in the street and the railroad tracks Mussolini's order. In Milan the soldiers beat organized world peace. He is desperate but were barricaded with the living bodies of up the fascist officers and told them: “Why refuses stubbornly to give up his plan to men, women and children to prevent the don’t you go to Africa to be butchered?” The swallow Ethiopia. His spokesmen at Geneva trains from leaving with their cargo of can- soldiers of two divisions demonstrated in their and Rome emphasize that he is prepared to non fodder. barracks in Florence and Messina. A conti go on, with the League, without the League, or against the League. In 1915 the Italian workers and peasants gent of the Gavignana Division mutinied in fought against intervening in the World War. Pistoia. More recently, the people and the An old Japanese proverb says that he who A clear index of their opposition to war is soldiers of Sommatino, Delia, San Cataldo rides the tiger does not dare to: leave the to be found in the expulsion of Benito Mus- and other towns in the province of Calta- saddle, fearing that he might be torn to solini from the Socialist Party because of his nissetta staged a violent demonstration at pieces. This is true of Mussolini at this erit- interventionist stand on behalf of the im- the station and encouraged many soldiers to ical hour. Mussolini is riding the war tiger perialists of France whose gold had enabled escape and desert. In view of the workers’ and must go on or face a revolt which would him to start the publication of his pro-war militancy, the fascist officers did not dare to seriously threaten his régime. He has already paper, Il Popolo @Italia. ‘The great number resort to violence and. tried to calm them spent billions to send close to 800,000 men to of deserters—which had no parallel in any down without making a single arrest. Again Africa; he has put the whole country on a other country—is another sign of the work- in Milan civilians prevented the fascists from war basis. Above all he has definitely crs’ anti-war stand. This however was revealed demonstrating in favor of war. The fascists up the prestige of his régime to his plan of more clearly at Caporetto, where Italian were carrying placards reading: “We want colonial expansion. To demobilize would mean soldiers refused to fight and were killed not the heart of the Negus.” In the conflict to spend even more than he has already to by the Austrians, but by fresh Italian re- with civilians many of them were hurt. ‘The call nearly a million men to arms. The result eruits sent out to halt their retreat. Capo- windows of the Café Savini were smashed. of the demobilization would be increased un- retto was a sort of blind revolt which was When a whole regiment mutinied in North- rest among the soldiers who will demand to crushed because of the fact that the Italian em Italy, refused to go be provided for after leaving the army, Mus- to Africa and returned soldiers participating in it lacked militant, (Continued om page 15)

and only 100 miles from Korea, makes the Soviet maritime province into a powerful air Japan's “Manifest Destiny” ‘base that dominates the Sea of Japan and brings Japan into the cruising range of By JOHANNES STEEL Soviet Russia’s heavy bombing planes. As Foreign Editor, New York Post Jong as this strategic advantage of Russia remains a fact, the Japanese penetration of ) APAN has come of age: Japan has en- front will be formed by Great Britain and Manchuria is not secure. This security can tered the era of economic imperialism. the United States, as the former is pledged only be obtained by ending the Soviet Russian She has reached that stage in her to proJapanese policy, and is oceupied with domination of the Baikal regions and the con- phenomenal rise as an industrial nation difficulties in Europe. Great Britain has no quest of Viadivostock. Japan therefore anx- where she is forced to make her economic intention of stopping Japanese expansion, and jously watches developments in Europe, hop- and commercial expansion strategically secure takes a particularly indifferent attitude to ing that the European crisis which is bound in order to assure perpetuation under her violations of the principle of the Open Door to come to a head in the winter of 1935, will present economic and social setup. in China by Japan, since such violations ead to @ conflagration that will obscure the This strategic security can only be ob- strike mainly at the interests of the United Japanese war preparations and attacks, and tained by transforming her commercial ex- States. This is so because Great Britain has give Japan another opportunity to present pansion into and supporting it with terri- realized that Japan’s commercial penetration the world with a further fait accompli. torial expansion. of India, for example, is not so much an im- ‘Japan's war preparations are going on at ‘To this end Japan must conquer and rule pediment to British trade as it is commonly fever pitch. During the last year, she con- all of China, inner and outer Mongolia, the held to be. structed in North Manchuria 2,000 miles of

Sea of Japan, half of the Pacific Ocean, in Not only is the Japanese trade menace in railroad which are economically unneces- addition to the many dominions such as India greatly exaggerated, but it is partic- sary and have been constructed only for stra- Korea and Manchukuo, which she already ularly important to note that during the past tegie reasons. Japan has fifty aviation bases possesses. 25 years, Japan bought from India materials in Manchukuo and 130,000 Japanese troops Japan seriously began to embark upon her ‘worth 8,000,000,000 yen more than what she in addition to 155,000 soldiers of the Man- road to imperial power when, in the wet, cold sold to that country. In the same period, chukuoan army and 12,000 White Guard morning hours of February 22, 1982, three England so/d to India materials worth 2,800,- Russians. carried a tube 12 feet 000,000 yen more than what she imported second class privates It is well to ask: What price glory? when high filled with high explosives and its fuse from that country. This naturally means that considering the fantastic price in terms of hu- already ignited, to the barbed wire entangle- while Japan put an average of 125,000,000 ‘man suffering on the part of her own nationals ments of Miaohungcheu, near Shanghai, and yen per year into India, England took away ‘that Japan is paying in order to become a great blew the Chinese defenses and themselves no less than an average of 100,000,000 yen imperial power. Japan pays for its glory with into the air. Since that day Japan has con- ‘every year. In other words, the money that an almost unbelievable measure of exploita- quered a territory as large as the states of India received from Japan has enabled her tion of the Japanese middle and working ‘Washington, California, Texas and New Mex- to pay for the goods bought from England. classes. This is the result of the extreme feo put together. Great Britain is therefore definitely on the rationalization of the Japanese economic She has done so in defiance of the League side of Japan, particularly since Japan in structure necessitated of Nations, the Kellogg Pact, and the Wash- the Bast, just as Germany in the West, is by her drive for. ex- ington Nine Power Treaty, which provided regarded by conservative British circles as pansion. The agricultural crisis in Japan has that the principle of the “open door in China ‘the only effective bulwark against the spread taken on proportions that are well nigh cat- should be maintained,” and the Stimson Doc- of Communism, which, advancing from Soviet astrophie, The debts of the small peasantry trine, which provides that the United States China, already touches the British “spheres have risen to a total of seven billion yen, an of America “will not recognize any territorial of influence” in the Far East. With a strategy indebtedness of no less than 1200 yen for changes in China in violation of the existing ‘that is magnificent Nippon’s leaders are go- each individual peasant family. Agricultural treaties.” ing ahead to make Japan the “Britain of the wages declined by no less than 85 percent Today Japan already controls a substantial East.” during the past 12 months. The average part of both the foreign political and eco- Their action is timed to come always when daily wage now paid to the Japanese farm nomic relations of China, as represented by the other big powers are more than occupied hand for a twelve hour day is 35¢ at the the so-called Nationalist (Kuomintang) Gov- with their own crises. Violating treaty upon best, while the prices for’ consumers’ goods ernment of Nanking. ‘treaty, Japan had already, in December, 1988, are rising steadily. ‘The intense offensive drive of Japanese infringed upon the provisions of the London In sharp contrast to the indescribable imperialism on the continent of Asia and the Naval Treaty of April 3, 1931. By that time misery and suffering that is engulfing the establishment of the “Monroe Doctrine of the it had exceeded the limits which according whole Japanese people are, of course, the East,” which a Japanese diplomat recently to this treaty, can be laid down, by 20,000 colossal expenditures for rearmament that called merely a violation of the American tons for aeroplane carriers; 51,000 tons for are being paid for largely by increased taxa- copyright, have created a problem in the Pa~ cruisers “B”; by 98,072 tons for’ torpedo tion. One of the most amazing contradictions, cifie. The establishment of the Japanese pro- oats; by 19,200 tons for submarines. Today however, is that, economically speaking, the tectorate has closed the Chinese markets to the Japanese navy is equal to the American Japanese domination of Manchukuo has so American exporters and created a danger to navy in respect to aeroplane carriers, and far proved a complete flop. the colonial possessions of the United States considerably stronger than the American navy Instead of making money out of her im- in the Far East, such as the Philippines and in respect to both types of eruisers, and par- perial adventure, Nippon has been losing Guam. ticularly in respect to light cruisers with six heavily, and the prospects, a careful analysis ‘The military danger to American posses- inch guns. reveals, are more than gloomy. Since 1981 sions in the Pacific is accentuated by Japan's On February 18, 1934, Japan passed: a some $150,000,000 of private Japanese money inroads into American sales in America’s own budget bill providing for the largest arma- has been poured into Manchukuo, and the territorial possessions. Nippon’s share in the ment appropriations in Japan’s history. In military expenditure of this vassal state ‘met commercial and economie activity in the 1985 Japan's armament expenditure will by the Japanese budget will be $200,000,000 American Pacifie possessions as well as amount to 50 per cent of its total budget. by the end of the present fiscal year. The Panama and the Canal Zone, has, during the However, before the “Riddle of the Pa- strain of these heavy capital exports on last three years, consistently been higher cific” is solved, the answer to the question Japan’s balance of payments, as well as on than the share of these United States, both “When will Japan fight Soviet Russia?” her money markets, is being increasingly in terms of total volume and total value of will have to be given to the world. Soviet felt. A large proportion of the private in- trade done. Russia's fortified harbor of Viadivostock, vestment, moreover, has found its way into The danger is particularly great within approximately 650 miles from Tokio unprofitable industries under the militant there is no likelihood that an anti-Japanese and the industrial naval centers of Japan, (Continued on page 12) 4

Speed Up the Day of Deliverance By WALTER CITRINE Scoretary, British Trades U inion Congress, and President, International Fe: ation of Trade Unions than if they were pests to be exterminated. Over a large part of Europe today it i in effect, a crime to be a Jew, a Roman Catholic (or indeed a votary of any religion worthy of the name), a Freemason, a Social- ist, a Communist, or a Trade Unionist: a casual word may earn a fate in comparison with which the life of the convicted male- factor in other climes is happy and rational. The Trade Union and Labor Movement throughout the fold has a special and tragic Interest in the fate of all those victims of our modern Neros. In the first place, it has for more than a century done a tremendous amount of work, through bad times and good, in maintaining the ideals of democracy and freedom. In the second place, it has seen Opposition to Hitler grows. There have its champions in fascist states singled out for been several successful strikes and the specially virulent forms of persecution. In demand for free trade unions increases. Italy, in Germany, and in Austria, the rob- Drawing by Frans Masereel. ber bands of the fascist dictators have di- guards, Hundreds of thousands of depend- rected the full force of their attack on the ents, women and little children, have had to ‘workers’ organizations, Hundreds of Trade mourn (in secret, for fear of reprisals) the Union leaders have been murdered dffhand. plight of husbands, fathers, brothers and ‘Thousands more, in prisons and concentration only been re- camps, have expiated, in their endurance of sons, whose ultimate fate has unmentionable tortures, the crime of having vealed by the discovery of their mutilated devoted their lives to the service of their corpses in the mortuaries. fellow workers. Is it surprising that such methods of “gov- ernment” should lead to economic ruin? The ‘The Hitler régime perhaps deserves some finances of the German State today are in a slight precedence in the hierarchy of fascist desperate condition. Budget deficits have to persecutors. In Germany under the sly and be reékoned, not in millions, but in billions savage dictatorship of a clique among whom of marks. There is a progressive breakdown Goering, the drug addict, and Goebbels, the of internal and external trade. Some 5,000,- ‘moral pervert, are shining lights, the masses (000 workers are unemployed, while the wages of the German people have felt the full foree of those still in employment have been cut to of an oppression designed to reduce them to a starvation level. complete economic slavery. The wages of the fully employed workman Successive waves of terrorism have swept in Germany today are little higher than the ‘more than 100,000 people into the concentra- scanty benefit paid in Great Britain to the tion camps, where the shooting of prisoners unemployed worker. And yet the cost of liv- is one of the cherished pastimes of the ing 1 rising Figures given in the Deutsche Arbeits- front (the offcial paper of the Nazi Labor Front) show that one third of the German workers earn less than $2.00 a week; an- other third less than $6.00 a week; only one per cent eam more than $10.00 a week. It is not surprising that, despite the sav- ‘age repressive measures of the government, there should be uprisings among the workers. In a number of industries there have been strikes against the ruthless cutting of wages in the interests of the Nazi exploiters. Not a single German newspaper dared to say a word about those strikes, but knowledge of them is spreading among the workers of Ger- many, whose spirit of resistance is mounting daily. ‘An effective weapon against Hitlerism is the boycott of German goods and services, in which our Trade Union and Labor Mopement, ‘and the International Federation of Trade Unions, of which I am President, have taken @ leading part, Some months ago a “World Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi Counai) to Champion Human Rights”-was formed in order to con- are ready to take advantage of war in Africa centrate international action agdinst Fascism. Young Germany on the march. The N: to seize Austria and launch an anti-Soviet t attack, From Der Simpt (Continued on page 14) 5

WHO RUNS SOUTH DAKOTA? By ELSIE OLSON Chairman of Junior Department, Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union of Amer- ca; State rector of Education for the South Dakota Division of the Farmers’ Union. Te HOMESTAKE Gold Mine at Lead, ing the paint from buildings and threatening and to protect its money joined forces with South Dakota, is the richest in the world, the very existence of the people. the administration, the Homestake, and other To its owners it has meant fabulous Rural schools were closing and half of them special interest groups. At a midnight session dividends and power. To South Dakota. it were without funds, as officially stated by of the Senate, an administration bill to divert hhas meant controlled government, with school, Superintendent of Public Instruction, I. D. 2 cents per gallon of the gasoline tax from the and other institutions used as cats-paws; it Weeks, early in 1984. Teachers, drawing highway funds and refunds reverting to hhas meant contaminated churches and school $40 and $50 per month, were forced to have tractor farmers, into a sinking fund to retire corrupt politics, and loss of natural reiources. their warrants discounted as much as 25 per bonds, was given two readings and shot Back of this record, which dates from cent, and many warrants were not salable through to the House the following day. statehood in 1880, stands the flag-waving at any price. The total cost of operating This was a surprise move put across before patriot and savior of the Constitution, prom the rural schools was approximately $7,000,- the people could hear about it. What made moter and part owner of Homestake, Wiliam 000, or about the added net annual profit this diversion stick out like a sore thumb was Randolph Hearst, obtained by Homestake from the increased the fact that less than a year before the The fight waged by the Farmers Union value of gold. The people of the state echoed ‘State Supreme Court had ruled that the fund aided by other organized groups of farmers the sentiment of Emil Loriks, state president could not be diverted to loans to farmers. and vorkers in the 1995 session of the state of the Farmers Union, when he said: “If the ‘Then it was desperately needed to feed our legislature, publicized by the slogan, “Tax people of this state permit their schoole to cattle and horses, starving to death during a gold, not thistles”” was more than an attempt close for lack of funds, and let gold produe- winter of famine, blizzards, and horror. Many to shift taxes from the patched backs of tion go untazed, they have less sense than a people, especially school children, were suifer- farmers to thote of the bonanza mine owners jackass that would starve to death in clover ing from malnutrition. Fuel, food, and credit Democratic government itself was on trial up to ite belly.” were running out—when the Red Cross came For many years the Homestake has been ‘A general exodus from the state was pre- to our rescue. The next year, when the bond- the heart, pumping gold from “the richest vented only by enforcement of antiquated ing interests spoke with the backing of the 100 square miles in the world” Purchased “poor laws” which prohibit propertyless people Hearst-Homestake crowd, action could be se- by Hearst and his partners at $70,000, in its from establishing residence in new localities cured overnight to permanently divert the corporate life it has produced $400,00,000, if there is danger of their becoming public fund! Today, South Dakota, in dire need of ‘The value of Homestake stock has risen from charges. Year after year we have had to employment for the destitute, finds its road a high of $08 in 1929 to $490 in 1924 “take it,” only to have farms offered at tax building program blocked because it lacks ‘According to the June issue of Fortune and mortgage sales where there were no bid- funds to match with Federal dollars! there are 251,160 shares outstanding, but for ders, The Economies Department of the State taxing purposes this hundred million dollar College estimates that 40 per cent of the A bill to reapportion representation in both corporation has been listed at les than $10; farms have been foreclosed on; the Chicago houses of the Legislature according to popu- 000,000 until recently, when this valuation Tribune, December, 1983, described as “the lation, as provided by the state constitution, vas raised a couple of million dollars, About silent march of destruction” tax sales of 80 was defeated by the same group. Lawrence 130,000 of the shares of stock are controled percent of the land in South Dakota that County, home of Homestake, has four repre- by Hearst and those associated with him in month, sentatives in the House, with no greater pop- developing this property ° ulation than Brown and Davison counties, Production in 1924 reached a total of Why, then, have “self-governing” people of which have but two each, Also defeated was $16,900,000, with profits almost trebled by South Dakota failed to place an adequate tax the organized farmers’ and laborers’ fight for the increased valuation of the gold dollar on the property and production of Homestake ‘a net income tax, and in its place a glorified from 100 cents to 166 cents. Mr. Hearst ean mine? The answer is that Homestale has sales tax, or gross income tax, was enacted. well afford to. support a. government which been the government. Only recently has its With these experiences behind them, the gives him the right to exploit natural re- power been challenged. They have maintained Farmers Union went to work to pass an ore sources practically without taxation, Over the powerful lobbies and expert legal talent who tax in 1985 and see whether the people had entrance to the marble edifice which houses have arranged gentlemen’s agreements. with any voice in state government. We have the the Supreme Court in Washington is in- other groups, as the chain banks, power right of initiative in the state, and a bill seribed “Equal Justice Under Law.” No trust, packers and bond holders who seck providing for a 10 per cent gross ore tax was doubt it is the way justice is meted out to protection from the will of the people. State cireulated in petition, which would give the the Hearste va, the masses that makes him schools and institutions requiring appropria- legislature the choice of passing an ore tax such a firm supporter of the Guardian of the tions have had to line up and vote their or submitting the initiated bill to the people jghts of Property, the Constitution and the legislators to suit the special interests, to got at the next election. Loriks and Fosheim status quo. appropriations, Itchy palms of hungry legis- took the lead in the campaign through the Tm contrast to the Homestake prosperity, ators were soothed at public expense, more Union Farmer, official paper of the state bankruptey, mortgages, and insecurity blanket than 80 legislators being rewarded with jobs Farmers Union; in the public press; over the the rest of the state, dependent on agricul- in violation of the state constitution, during radio; and by use of a car equipped with a ture for support. For years, farmers, loft the present administration. loud speaker that covered practically every to the tender mercies of tari trade agreo- ‘The 1935 legislative fight was not the first town and village, as well as farm meetings, ments, the profit system and the meney time that forces headed by the Farmers in the state. People became ore-tax conscious, changers, have received less than the cost of Union on one side and Hearst-Homestake on and legislators were elected pledged to enact- Production for feeding and clothing the ma- the other have come into conflict. ment. tion. Beginning in 1925, drought. brought An ore tax bill drafted by Oscar Fosheim, Drought again gripped the state, and most with i€ disaster and swarms of grasshoppers Vice-President of the Farmers Union and of the people were living on Federal relief, that hatehed and stayed until there was noth leader of the farm block in the House of directly or indirectly. Schools and other in- ing left for them to eat but each other Representatives, was on our program’ in 1988, stitutions were threatened for lack of funds, From the bare baked earth, choking dust but was defeated by the efforts of Homestake and Federal donations were necessary to keep storms were whipped by never ending. winds and allied groups. At that time the North- them open. Frightened at the thought of the that drove the dust into every erack and west Bancorporation feared the state would tax, Homestake was not idle. Donations of piled it to the roofs and over fences, grind- default on Rural Credit bonds which it held, {$10,000 each were made to Dakota. Wesleyan,

‘Yankton College, Huron College, Augustana Gollege, and Sioux Falls College. Later even smaller schools received gifts. During the legislative fight over the ore tax, the poor little Junior College at Wessington Springs sent out letters urging its friends to wire their legislators to vote against an ore tax, and enclosed small checks “from a special fund” to pay for telegrams! One of these ‘checks was displayed on the Senate floor, dur ing the ore tax fight. When it came to the legislative session, we had 40 members of the Farmers Union in the ‘two houses. On the fourth day of the session Osear Fosheim introduced our Ore Tax Bill in the House. The Governor, taking up the fight against an ore tax, countered with a new Gross Tax Bill, stepping up the rates applying to Homestake from 1 percent to oe 8 percent. This the House promptly killed, German-American Nazis at a « camp on Lang Ilan N, , The United State, Gover almost wrecking the Governor's control over ‘ment protests against, alle “propaganda of from agents Moscow” ts spreading but fails throughout to protest the against world the legislature. The high-powered lobbyists propaganda from Berlin. Sinvdsbclwork then concentrated on the Senate, which amended the Ore Tax Bill by striking out ‘everything but the title, and substituting one drawn by their own lawyers! Like Judas “EXCERPT” steers which lead fellow cattle up to slaughter found in a soldier’s pocket in Africa. Dated July, 1937) chutes to get an ear of corn for themselves, (Document some of the Senators we had counted on, “got By CHARLES R. ALLEN something,” and the substitute fake bill passed called religion and a man they ‘the Senate. HY I write this I do not know. It something that it will be con- sung about once in a while—a man named ‘We still held our Initiation petition in re- seems certain and long ago it all serve, so when the bill as amended went to signed to the flames. Even now Jesus . . . how far away two houses, Fosheim, ‘Africa is disintegrating in terrific eruptions, conference between the light. ‘Now the air is hot and burning. The first acting on the House committee, was able to ‘smearing the sky with blood-red hellish I am tax the Home- Doomed by the mighty air armadas—doomed fumes of the gases are creeping in. get a compromise, which will itself is not afraid to die. But I am curious. I am stake about $700,000 per year, a mere shav= as surely as Europe, as civilization look like when the ing from the mark up in the price of gold. doomed. wondering what it will ‘Still Homestead’s Lawrence County threat- It is evident the end has come. At the sun sinks tonight over the last traces of what ‘ened to secede from the state, but later de- moment I write the rumble of the armies in they called “civilization.” cided it was easior to take the amount of the the distance grows louder; death is sweeping out of the wages of their mine workers, onward like a tidal wave. The drone of stec! ta the sky; their vast who are unorganized, since Hearst, good fas- ships of destruction fills FROM ERITREA cist that he is, will not tolerate organized company comes between the earth and the LETTERS labor other than company unions at the Home- sun, shutting out light. ROM ILLEGAL anti-fascist sources in Italy of the past year. It is ‘we have received copies of letters from stake. Let me not think Italian soldiers in Eritrea and Italian Somali- Who runs South Dakota? Here was a per too maddening to know that piece by piece land. Here are typical excerpts: fect test case. One isolated industry pitted the earth is being blown asunder. Spain, “The drinking water here is filthy and dan- France and England are dissolving under ‘gerous to our health. Pure drinking water is against the people of the state. On one side of dead and Africa lies fs expensive as wine. . . . The heat is blister- the “richest one hundred square miles on the stenching piles . . . I am one of the a scratch of rotting under the dissolution of heavy lethal ing and many succumb. earth,” marked up in value by is everywhere, The skies, molten Tueky ones in the barracks, as most of the the President's pen, on the other side debt- gases. Fire soldiers are in tents which give poor protec- ridden farmers, drought and pestilence, and and brassy, are livid with it. There is an fion from the heat. Many are so exhausted Yet the best acrid, biting smell in the air. For days, with the heat, the poor food and water that an overwhelming voting power. in agony from poison they can barely walk, yet the discipline this majority could do even after a con- weeks, men have died . .. There is a shortage of every- certed and intense campaign was—a draw! ‘gases, wave after wave, behind which march inflexible. the conquerors of civilization. thing exeept sand. « in an when wo sailed was Oh, we made a dent, thanks to the brilliant “Our send-off at this moment what the of artificially stimulated and com- and untiring effort of our “Gold Dust Twins,” I am wondering atmosphere find when the last stone has pulsory ‘enthusiasm.’ ‘The authorities col- Loriks and Fosheim, and the unflagging sup- conquerors will lected a few hundred pro-fascists at the pier port of organized farmers and labor. crumbled, What do they expect to achieve, who cheered when they were ordered to do But, we got in addition a 2 per cent sales what is left that is worth conquering? 30. The military commander ordered wine and re- I write this from within a crumbling mass given out. ‘The soldiers and sailors got com- tax that largely comes out of relief the last pletely drunk and didn’t know what or why habilitation checks; and a Department of once quaintly termed a dugout, in they were cheering. Justice, with storm troopers, first used to stronghold on this crumbling continent. Above “The food, ete,, was bad enough on shij smash the strike of Sioux Falls Meat Cut- me a world is perishing. I have looked out poard and gave us a foretaste of what we ters, and no doubt ereated to take care of any over many miles of earth—torn, shredded, might expect here—but it is worse than we or workers. But scorched. I know. that here—was it cen- feared. . . . The discontent is increasing 50 future militancy of farmers plains, fast the officers are afraid of rebellion and the people of South Dakota are determined turies ago?—there were only waving enforce the strictest discipline, while making to protect their democratic rights against the sparkling rivers and green growing things. extravagant promises of beiter conditions attacks of reactionary corporations and fas- ‘The air was fresh and pure. Tribes of men Soon. . . . There remains little enthusiasm for fight will go on. roamed these plains, ‘Their skin was dark; this mad adventure of Mussolini's even among cists, ‘The they were the formerly loyal fascisti. Nobody relishes called “savages”! the idea of killing Ethiopians or dying our- Scattered around were other people—white selves in Ethiopian deserts and swamps to people. Short months ago they walked here, win honor and glory for Il Duce, Tell the aS talked, laughed, loved and lived. ‘There was comrades to carry on the fight.” %

GOEBBELS versus SCHACHT By DR. KURT ROSENFELD Former German Social Democratic Reichstag Leader and Minister of Justice in Prussia; now in exile in America, Te RIVALRY between. Schacht and support of these fraternal organizations, but is too ambitious to subordinate himself en- Goebbels is the momentary expression of when it served his purpose he spoke publicly the fierce battle for power raging be- against the lodges and supported Hitler's So for the moment the two men stand in tween various cliques in the Third Reich, Decree of Dissolution (against the Free- sharp opposition—the one as the repr This battle between the Economie Dictator masons, ete.). tive of the German bankers and industrial- and the Minister of Propaganda symbolizes ‘The Economie Dictator of the Third Reich ists, and the other as the spokesmen of the the lack of unity in Germany; it has far- surely recognizes the defects of the polities resolute Nazi Party and its terroristic reaching significance and illustrates one of the Nazi dictatorship. As an economist, methods, But among those on the inside, “in weakness within the fascist dictatorship. he cannot possibly be in agreement and he the know,” it is whispered that the two who One clique of Nazis set fire to the Reich- fis certainly not satisfied with many of the are apparently fighting bitterly are only en- stag and thus smoothed the path of the Nazis ‘economic measures of the Third Reich; hence gaged in a sham battle. At the decisive to power. Within this clique there have de- his speech against the “economie dilettantes.” moment they are ready if necessary to fall veloped new cliques, continuously fighting But he will never jeopardize his position nor on each other's necks. among themselves for power with the same will he retire voluntarily from his ministerial But the di must and will come when all ‘weapon of brute force they used in erushing offee acting and pretense will end, and no more opposition. ‘The Nazis by their bloody rage against the ‘maneuvers will be possible. Events are press- When Hitler seized power, the tormented Jews and their other insane measures threaten ing toward a decision. No matter-who will German people were taken by surprise and the suecess of Schacht’s policy of reaching be the victor of this duel, in the end the since then have had no peace. Feuds be- an understanding with the financiers of other continuously increasing strength of the op- tween the various cliques went on constantly countries. Schacht criticizes the breaking of position, the discontent of the toiling Ger- behind the scenes. Hitler, holding the bal- windows of Jewish firms, for the same stones man masses, will ereate the means with the ance of power, maintained his supremacy Il into his own window. ‘The unfavorable help of which Schacht and Goebbels and all over all groups by siding first with one and effect of Nazi terrorism upon American public the Nazi murderers will disappear and @ then the other. opinion very materially hinders Schacht in government of the people will sweep away ‘This inner fight for leadership among the his endeavors to float American loans. But this abominable system of intrigue, and de- dictators found its first dramatic public ex- he has but one goal—to remain in power. stroy not one clique but the entire Nazi dic- pression in the blood-purge of June 80, 1934. So he “sits tight.” His opposition to terror- es Until a few days prior to this hideous night ism and to Nazi policies goes only to the of murder, Goebbels was in the camp of the point beyond which he is afraid another step conspirators working in closest relationship would jeopardize his position, Be with Roehm, head of one of the rival cliques. Recently Schacht permitted Goebbels to Goebbels managed to save himself by a last- censor the main points of his important ‘Three Thousand People of No Importance minute, daring leap from one camp to the speech against Nazi anti-Semitic terror. He other when he saw “My health is good. I lost no one of any that vietory would be contented himself with having his speech dis- importance. I put my losses at three thou- ‘won by the opposing clique, the more ruthless tributed in pamphlet form, Hitler did not and brutal sand killed and wounded.” gang of murderers. disapprove of Goebbels’ censorship of From a letter written by Napoleon to The owner and two waiters of a Munich Schacht’s speech, yet on the other hand he restaurant where secret meetings were held agreed to the distribution of the pamphlet. Empress Marie Louise in 1818. between Goebbels and Rochm, were simply An example of Hitler’s irresolution, ° Put out of the world in the general purge In a previous clash between the two, because of their dangerous knowledge. One Schacht was victor over Goebbels. One day murder more or less did not matter, Goebbels threw a subordinate of Schacht into Thus Goebbels was able to maintain his concentration camp. Ostensibly this was Position by betraying his “friends” and ally- because this subordinate, who was his tenant, ing himself with the stronger clique. had acted in an “anti-social manner.” The head of the faction opposing Goebbels Schacht ascertained that the charge was not 45 well as all other combinations of forces well founded. He was able to insist, not in the National Socialist opposition is only that his subordinate be immediately Schacht. He set free and restored to his position, but that is certainly made of different stuff than his opponent. But he is as shrewd this decision be published in Nazi papers. 5 Goebbels. ‘This man, President of the But Schacht’s condemnation of the ex- Reichsbank, who held the highest position tremes of Jewish persecutions, of Pogroms, under the Weimar Republic, who has not had any never ut- tangible effect. ‘The “race tered a word against the democratic govern- war” continues unabated. And Schacht is ment, this very man who posed as a repub- clever enough not to carry his fight against the Yican and the loyal servant of the Constitu- ‘Nazi extremists too far and endanger himself. tion, travelled with the speed of lightning Although Schacht is not a member of the toward the Right when it beeame obvious Nazi Party, which has a majority in the that Hitler would be vietorious. Cabinet, he could certainly be the strongest Schacht had been an intimate associate of man in it, not only because of the vast the German Nationalist Hugenberg. But economic power entrusted to him by finance when Hugenberg was driven out of the gov- capital, but because he has the decisive sup- ernment, Schacht betrayed his former friend port of the Reichswehr and of the old con- and became doglike in his devotion to Hitler servative elements behind him. But he knows Recently he did not hesitate to betray the that if he carried his opposition to the Nazi fraternal lodge of which he was a member. extremists too far, it would be the end for To a large extent his rise was due to the him—and not only political death. But he Drawing by George Gross

Cotton is Smeared with Blood in Alabama

REIGN of terror against the cotton By AL JACKSON ards of the farm toilers down to a starva- pickers’ strike in Alabama is in prog- tion level. To break the strike, the landlords ress that rivals the terror in fascist strike is now solid in parts of Montgomery have murdered five men; in addition to Willie

Germany. The County, and in Talapoosa, Chambers, Lee and Witcher, Jim Merriwether and Bd Bracy, Sam writer, being the most hunted person in the Black Belt, writing this in the Randolph Counti Childs ‘and B. Jackson have been killed, shadow of the lynch Knows certain On Sept, 2 the terror broke out again in The Share Croppers Union is waiting word Lowndes County.. As a part of the Labor from the Southern Tenants death awaits him if he is found by vigilantes. Farmers Union ‘The cotton pickers’ strike was called by the Day “celebration,” Sheriff Woodruft’s vigi- of Arkansas on whether the two organiza- Share Croppers’ lante gang went to Hope Hull and attacked tions will unite in the near future or not. Union in an effort to raise the home of Ed Braey, mili the miserably low wages paid for,farm work. t Negro union indication is that unity will be. Demands for $1 per 100 pounds leader. When Bracy tried to escape through for picking the back door cotton (the old price being 35¢ to 0c), $1 a he was shot down, 19 bullets All workers and farmers are urged to flood day for 10 hours’ work entering his neck, back and head. President Roosevelt and on farms for wage Governor Bibb Graves workers (the usual wage being §2 to §3 a Determination, born out of the miserable of Alabama, with protest telegrams, letters week), and 20c an hour, 40 hours a week, conditions under which the white and Negro and resolutions demanding that all terror Pay in cash for rural relief workers (the farm workers, eroppers and tenants live, inst the strike and the Share Croppers resent rates vary, but are much less than gave these strikers the courage to carry on Union stop at once, and that the right of the this, and pay is in the form of a food order in_ spite of this last attack. workers to organize, meet, strike and picket at a landlord store), were Every vestige of their human, civil and con- be protected, popularized stitutional rights has been swept as ide by throughout the counties in which the union is Support the striking cotton pickers in their organized, landlords, sheriffs and vigilantes in their struggle for a living wage murderous campaign to keep and their fight On the first day of the strike, August 19, the living stand- against fascist terror. ‘at J. R. Bell’s plantation in Calhoun, Lowndes County, Ala, Sheriff R. E. Woodruff called to force the strikers back to the fields ‘They refused to go. Willie Witcher, a Negro strike leader, was singled out for attack, He was shot at 8 times, beaten over the head with a pistol butt, and carried to the Haynes- ville jail. The spirit of the strike was exem- plified by Witcher’s challenge in the face of the Iyncher's guns, “Maybe you'll kill me but you'll never seare me into scabbing.” Under the personal leadership of Sheriff R. E, Woodruff of Haynesville a gang of landlords, deputies, and small town rowdies were organized to terrorize the strikers in Lowndes County. In the next few days more than six Negro strikers were carried off at night, beaten almost to death and left in the swamp: On August 22, this same gang rafied sev- eral homes in the day, beating Callie Callo- way and her sisters. Jim Press Merriwether Passed the door of the Calloway shack un- armed while the vigilantes were there. John Frank Bates of Fort Deposit saw him and shot him down, ‘They found Jim Merriwether’s wife, beat her, hung her from a rafter fot “sport,” and then released her. Then they carried Meriwether to C. C. Ryles’ plantation where they tried to question the dying man, getting no information. After this they car- ried him to Sandy Ridge where they riddled his body with bullets That night the strikers armed themselves and met Sheriff Woodruf’s vigilante gang on even terms. The brave vigilantes ran before a shot was fired. The local newspapers carried on a rabid

lyneh-ineiting campaign against the strike, spreading slanderous stories to justify vigi- lante terror In the search for the writer, Charles Tasker and James Jackson, Negro workers of Mont gomery, were arrested and questioned. Fail- ing to get any information from them they were released, carried to the County line and told to “Keep going and never show up here again!” Both of these workers have homes and families here. Despite all the terror the strike has con- tinued and has spread to new counties. The BLACK An 'D WHITE UNITE! Drawing by William Siegal

“neutrality” legislation while moiblizing ing goons soldiers i in the largest mimic war in our history at Pine Camp, N. Y., to “prove” that we rece passes for preparedness. Meantime, British, German, Italian, Fronch and other armies are aiso holding maneuvers, sal ‘ever larger Volaying appropriations at war, rehearsing for the World War which threatened. ‘How soon will this play become grim reality? FASCIST PARADE ‘Thomas also aided in the formation of a local (CONGRESSMAN JOHN J. MesWAIN, crease to 25¢. This year the pickers de- defense committee. In Sullivan County, which Representative of South Carolina, - and manded more because the cost of living has Chairman of the House Committee on Mil- gone up. A few farmers gave in, and paid has been under martial law since a mine itary Affairs, explained to the House on 85¢ an hour; but the majority of the wealth- strike in October, 1988, another defense com- August 26th ‘the benefits of the Thomason sst orchard owners got together with the mittee was organized. Chamber of Commerce crowd and the Ameri- Bill which provides that 1,000 R.O.T.C. off cers shall annually be called to active duty can Legion, and organized the vigilantes to for training with the Regular Army, and put down the “red menace.” INDICTMENTS against 24 persons were re- that fifty R.0.T.C. officers shall be commis- An August 12 they broke up meetings of turned by the Anderson Co. grand jury in sioned in the Regular Army. He sai farm workers throughout the county. On connection with the armed attack on picket- August 21 they seized five of the workers’ ing textile workers in Pelzer, S. C., on Labor “Now, Mr. Speaker, in conclusion I con- leaders, beat up three and gave two a coat Day when two persons were killed and 22 tend also that the scheme of preparing off- injured. Mrs. Bertha Kelly, one of those of tar and feathers. The American Civil cer material contemplated by the Thomason Liberties Union charges that the Sheriff and Killed, was a member of the United Textile Bill will have a far-reaching influence upon District Attorney had advance knowledge of Workers’ Union and mother of two children, all the 125,000 students in the R.O.T.C. units the raid and know who led the vigilantes but ‘The shooting occurred when strikebreakers in the Nation. Why? Because heretofore the refuse to prosecute. attempted to pass through the picket line of door of opportunity was closed. Now the door Workers refused to pick the apples and 150 union workers at the Pelzer mill. The ‘of opportunity is open. It is true the door not widely open, and is merely ‘cracked,’ but hops for the starvation wages offered and strike began two months ago when the com- still there is a chance, whereas heretofore under conditions of terror; they promptly pany threatened to fire all workers who re- there was no chance for a young man who left the county. There was “a serious short- fused to join the Goodwill Association, a com- could not induce his Congressman to give age of labor”; so the SERA director of pany union. Two companies of National him an appointment to the Military Academy, San Francisco, John H. Small, took 500 men Guardsmen were sent to Pelzer by Governor to finally get a commission in the Regular off relief rolls’ and put ‘them to work picking Olin D. Johnson immediately after the shoot- Army. ‘Therefore, I can visualize, and I hops and apples; he plans to take 5,000 men ing. have letters from more than 100 college pres- off relief rolls for this forced labor. He e idents who express the same thought and states, “the order does not oblige men to go THE TRIALS of Robert Wood and R. F. have caught the same vision, that every one to the agricultural areas. . . but they will Hall, charged with violating the Birming- ‘of the 125,000 students in the R.O.T.C., after receive no relief until the harvest is over.” ham Down’s Ordinance were again postponed they learn of the provisions of the Thomason Sweet land of libert on Sept. 4. The case against Nora Elliot, ar- Bill, and they are sure to learn of those pro- rested at the same time was dismissed, as the visions, will be stimulated, enthused, and police, when they raided her home, found no aroused to take greater interest in his mil- Iiterature more seditious than the Bible and itary training. He will become more ame- POWERS HAPGOOD, Indianapolis party leader, and two other Socialists were ar- Shakespeare. The Downs’ Ordinance provides nable to discipline. He will begin to study rested in ‘Terre Haute on Sept. 5, and booked ‘penalty of six months in jail and/or a fine military history. He will read the biogra- ‘on “vagraney” charges for their participation ‘of $100 for possession of more than one copy phies of great soldiers, He will begin. to in a campaign to end martial law in Vigo of a radical publication. think about what it may mean to achieve County. Hapgood was jailed, for the second Edward Sears, a Negro miner, got 10 glory in war. So that, in the place of a dull time in two weeks, after he protested the months on the chain gang under a similar and listless body of R.O.T.C. students with- arrest of Leo Vernon, Socialist organizer ordinance in Bessemer, Ala., on Sept. 4. He ‘out hope, there will be morale, enthusiasm, from Madison, Wis, and Aaron Gilmartin, had a Scottsboro pamphlet, Act Three, by zeal, ambition, and intense interest throughout secretary of the Labor and Socialist Defense Sasha Small, and was not ‘permitted to get the’ entire 125,000 R.O.T.C. students.”— Commitiee. The arrests followed the re-estab- in touch with a lawyer. Sears’ conviction Congression Record, Vol. 79, No. 179, uage lishment of picket lines at the Columbia will be appealed by the International Labor 15172, Stamping and Enameling Plant in violation Defense. ° of martial law. ° SINCE ‘carly in August, Sonoma Norman Thomas, national Socialist leader, NEW SCOTTSBORO trials will probably California, has been terrorized County, by 300 spoke at. a mass meeting of 2,000 trade union- begin in October, according to Lieuten- organized to crush the strike move- vigilantes ists, Socialists and Communists on Sept. 4, on ant-Governor Thomas E. Knight. ‘The Mor- ment of workers in the apple orchards and the Terre Haute courthouse steps in defiance gan County jury rolls are being revised to hop fields. Apple pickers got 12e an hour of the military rules. Martial law was de- Include the names of Negroes in accordance until 1983 when a strike won them an in- clared July 22 during a general strike with the decision of the U. S. Supreme Court, 10

HE DOTHAN (Ala).) Eaple carried an (ietertal seater. 20a WE WANT AN ANSWER FROM from the Chicago Tribune stating that the EVERY READER! artist: had been “ordered to stop editorializ- “Rally Round, Comrades! Let’s Hoist ing.” The strip is used by 185 daily and 100 the Red Should the name of our magazine be Sunday papers—a lot of whom have heard Flag changed? If so, can you suggest from their readers who didn’t like the viciously “Because Gov. Graves waited one day too a better anti-labor stuff in “Little Orphan Annie.” Jong to veto the anti-sedition bill, it auto. side? matically becomes the law of Alabama. Should the price be increased to 10 s0 ° {Thus it is now a misdemeanor for any that we can give you 32 pages instead of 16? ‘THE United States is preparing for an of- citizen to advocate the overthrow of the gov- Or should the price remain at Se and fensive war and ernment by violence, or to possess more is now spending more ‘one copy of a publication, than FIGHT be made a weekly? money getting ready for war than any other eut or cartoon advo- What criticisms country on earth, Senator Gerald P. Nye de- cating the overthrow of the government by of FIGHT have you and clared at Atlantic City on Sept. 9. The blue- violence, what suggestions for improvement? prints of military action by the United States “As a newspaper believing implicitly in the Do you want more text and fewer photos in the next war do not call for a single battle fundamental importance of free speech and a ‘and cartoons of vice versa? on our own territory, but “call for moving free press, The Eagle is interested in testing Do you want to read less about the war 8,000,000 of our young men across the sea to this drastic and wholly unnecessary law. engage in a war somewhere else,” he said. danger and fascism in Europe and more about “That is not “Therefore We Advocate the national defense. Tt is aggres- Alabama's Overthrow of fascist trends and war preparations in the sion.” ‘The Federal war budget has increased Government by Violence United States? 197 per cent since the World War, Nye stated. “We urge the citizens to arm themselves with shillalahs, set out for Montgomery and I earnestly request an answer from whale Hell out of the members of the Ala- each bama Legislature who person who reads FIGHT, for the guid- TWO were killed and about Atty others in- voted for the ant ance of the Publications Committee. Dec Jured in Minneapolis when police fired into edition Dill. We advocate that they also. be sions on the first three questions will prob- the mass picket line at the Flour City Orna- Kicked swiftly in the after deck of the pan- ably not be made until the Third Con- mental Tron Works. The strike had lasted talons.” gress of the League, but we need your help eight weeks. The bill has been repealed by the State in making plans. ‘The following day a large mass meeting Jegislature; another victory for mass protest, Liston M. Oak, Editor. was held to protest these killings and to de- mand that the Farmer-Labor Mayor,

Latimer, H.1- MITCHELL, Secretary of the Southern fire the chief of police and remove the seabs * Tenant Farmers Union, reports that the QRGANIZED labor in Detroit is faced with and armed guards living in the plant in vio- members of the union voted 11,186 to 450 to the task of. fighting against Father lation of a city ordinance, Tear gas bombs call their first strike of cotton pickers. ‘They Conghlin’s semi-fascist company union of au- were fired by the police into this protest demand $1 per hundred pounds—instead of tomobile workers. Throwing off his sancti- meeting. 40c; this “will enable us to get by.” A good monious cloak on Labor Day week-end, ‘There is mass indignation among the mem- picker averages a hundred pounds daily. Coughlin launched this yellow-dog “union,” bers of the Farmer-Labor Party against those “The rich planters got millions of dollars claiming 15,000 members. Its main immediate leaders of the party who condone the strike- from the government for cotton we didn’t effect is to make more difficult the organiza- breaking action of Latimer, raise; but they want to continue paying tion of automobile workers into the A. F. of starvation wages.” Those on the strike com: L. union. Behind this move, labor leaders mittee face persecution, torture, perhaps charge, are Ford and other automobile manu- A\NTifascists in Pennsylvania are demand- death at the hands of vigilantes’ organized facturers, ing that Governor Earle, who has declared by the planters and often led by local sher- Coughlin has until now confined himself to his opposition to fascism, disband the White iffs, “The night-riders will beat and kill men vague fascist demagogy. The 9,000,000 “‘mem- Crusaders, vigilantes who have terrorized Ne~ and burn houses and churches where we mect, bers” of his National Union for Social Jus- gro miners in Washington County for weeks. riddle our homes with bullets as they have in tice are merely radio listeners who send in ‘the past. But we must not be terrorized or fan letters. He has refused to state definitely starved into going back into the fields until for what “principles” this EVIDENTLY secking revenge for the vie- we have won. This is National Union tory of American anti-fascists in the fa- a pioneer strike, Upon stands. But now he launches a scab “union” its outcome hangs the fate of many impover- and takes his stand on the side of the anti- mous Bremen case, Nazi secret police arrested ished Southern workers. Conditions have not labor automobile manufacturers. With his an American seaman, William Gill, member changed in Arkansas since Naomi Mitchison, tremendous following, he will be a useful of the crew of the liner George Washington, famous English novelist, said last spring that tool to keep down wages and prevent organi- at Hamburg, on the charge of “defaming she saw more suffering’ in Arkansas zation, Hitler.” He has been sentenced to two months famine-stricken China.” than in in prison. ‘The eircumstanees of this case are ‘The strike covers cotton fields in Arkansas, very similar to those surrounding the arrest Texas and Oklahoma. Meantime the Share of Lawrence Simpson, kidnaped on June 28 Croppers Union is leading PROTEST pays. ‘The campaign against the from the S.S. Manhattan at Hamburg. Simp- strike a cotton pickers’ “Little Orphan Annie” comic strip, which son is held in the concentration camp at in Alabama, accompanied by terror, the artist, Harold Gray, uses for fascist prop- Fuehlsbuttel. The American Civil Liberties described in this issue by one of its leaders, aganda, has brought results, James Clendenin, Union, the International Labor Defense, the ‘Negotiations between the two unions recently editor of the Huntington, W. Va., Herald Dis. Anti-Nazi Federation and other organizations established a joint program of action against patel, wrote an editorial condemning the comic are seeking to get action from the U.S, State the plantation owners looking toward unity “which has been made the vehicle for vindic- Department, and to force the Nazis to allow of the two organizations of Southern share- tive propaganda,” and said it would no longer an American lawyer to defend Simpson in eroppers, tenant farmers and farm workers. be used in his’paper. He got a telegram court. These photos were not taken in Nasi Germany but in “democratic” United States, where we are all “guaranteed” certain “inalienable” rights.” (Lert to RicHt) Jack Green with his family; and Green and Solomon Nit itzburg with their coat of tar and feathers, and C. Meyer and George Ford, who were beaten by a mob of $00 vigilantes in Santa Rosa, Calif.

11

makers who will make us their victims as Is It a Crime to Protest well as the worker My aneestors fought in both the Revolu- Against War? tionary and Civil Wars for freedom, for civil rights—for “life, liberty and the pursuit of By JULIA CHURCH KOLAR happiness.” ‘Today, in fighting against war, Revolution- A direct descendant of American Jane Speed and I take the same stand as ists and a staunt fighter against four ancestors took—in defense of the rights War and Fascism of all people to peace and security. Sifice the beginning of the depression, | AM AN AMERICAN MOTHER, arrested 5,000,000 American youths have been gradu- fon September ‘7th because I dared to ated from our schools and colleges. 250,000 protest against Muscolini’s invasion of ave turned out yearly. For these children Ethiopia to the Italian Vice-consul in New there is no future—very few ,can achieve York City. With Miss Jane Craik Speed I Wom- economic security and an opportunity to show ‘went to the consulate, representing the what they are capable of doing. Hundreds en's Committee of the American League ‘are sent yearly to CCC camps, away from Against War and Fascism. their families and friends, deprived of a ‘That visit ended in the arrest of Mi normal existence, pressed down under a mil- ‘Speed and myself. That visit did something to itary routine. Is this the future we want for ‘me. I don't like being arrested. But what our American youth? Do we want war to be happened at the Italian consulate proved to the only career open to our fine American ‘me the need for united action if we are to fight boys? the war mongers. And, I, for one, will submit Every American mother must ask herself: to errest many times over if by doing so I shall it be profits for Wall Street or safety ean help prevent the most terrible crime and happiness for my children? Unless we against civilization: War! ‘American mothers fight the terrible menace Ever since my affiliation with the Ameri- of war, the outlook for the future of our sons can League Against War and Fascism, about and daughters is dark, very dark. Drawing by Mackey ‘a year ago, I have been speaking to various ‘women’s organizations. Always I have urged HE International ‘Transport Workers Fed- those people who listened to me to fully real- JAPAN’S “MANIFEST DESTINY” eration, with 1,600,000 members in thirty- ize that pacifie protest against war is not (Continued from page 4) two countries, reports that a careful investi- ‘enough—that more than social hours and tea guidance of the army generals who are in gation of all strata of Italian society reveals drinking must be engaged in if anti-war ac- complete control at Hsinking. A complete that: tivity is to be effective. “{, ‘The Italian people have, generally deadlock has been reached as past investments speaking, a strong impression that fascism Heywood Broun says: “You can’t change are insufficient to develop the country indus- wishes to provoke a war in North Africa the world and be nice and polite at the same frially to a point where profits can be ex- at all costs, and heedless of the conciliatory time.” I know that Heywood Broun is right pected, while it is beyond Japan's power to efforts of other countries. ‘about this. So I wasn’t as nice and polite supply fresh capital needed to, make the “2, War is unpopular not only among the fas I've been brought up to be when I went workers and middle-class groups, but also in previous outlay pay. certain upper circles which fear the con- to the Italian Consulate with Jane Speed and But as usual, reason has no chanee when sequences of a defeat. announced to Prinee Colonno, the Italian the military run amuck. Vice-consul, that “We came here to protest 3, Tt is generally felt that a war will be “gtimson Doctrine or no Stimson Doctrine, ‘the grave of fascism. ‘against Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia.” Japan is going to do what she wants in “4, The vast military and economic prep- ‘When he indignantly accused us of attacking China... . Naval treaty or no naval treaty arations made by the fascist régime clearly his country, I told him this was no attack Japan will build as many ships as necessary prove that Mussolini intends to carry matters upon the Italian people. That I and the other to support her political program,” said Ad- to an extreme. anti-fascists love Italy and the Italian people. miral Yammoto in Nevember, 1984, in London, “5, Apart from these groups who are benefiting from the booming armament indus- We deeply appreciate their contributions to to an interviewer, not forgetting to add how- tries, the aversion of the people to war is world culture. We explained that this attack ever, “If you quote me on this, I shall, of general, This feeling is beginning to find is on Mussolini’s fascist government and its emphatically and sue you for expression in a spontaneous and unorganized plans for a war of conquest of a defenseless course, deny it manner, both among the troops and the civil-

ian population. ‘The discontent of the civilian nation, population is so great that the régime has no Last summer, while I was traveling in alternative but to resort to increasingly dras- ‘Switzerland, I was told by a Swiss govern &X tice measures. The present situation may best ‘ment oficial that Italy was bankrupt. I later be summed up by saying that a mood of ACCORDING to the Transatlaitic Infor- growing defeatism is seizing wide sections realized that this was the reason for Mus- mation Service, the average wage level in fof the people. Among the troops protests solini’s war plans whose goal is the exploita- Austria is now from 25 to 40 percent below and desertions are becoming more and more tion of Ethiopian resources and the enslave- the level of pre-fascist years, varying in differ- frequent, Not for nothing are the troops ent industries; and over 50 percent below the unarmed until after their arrival in North ment of the Ethiopian people. 1929 level, ‘The Austrian fascist “unions” ‘Not only do the other anti-fascists and I claim a “voluntary” membership of 800,000; Africa...” speak on behalf of the Ethiopian people and Dut this is misleading. It is estimated that the innocent Italian workers, but also on be- less than a third of the members pay dues, half of our own American people. We must and workers do not join of their own free all realize that all of Europe and the United ‘will, but as the result of constant pressure. A CRUSHING blow to Polish fascists was States will be involved in the world confla- ° delivered on Sept. 8; the Opposition, which THE British Trade Union Congress, at its boycotted the elections then held, declares that gration which will follow the initial crime of 67th annual meeting recently, adopted res- the weakness of the fascist regime was re- Mussolini. For our own youth, then, we must olutions and a program of action against war vealed and that it is the beginning of the end fight this terrible monster which looms on the and fascism and for trade union unity. It of the attempt to make-Poland a totalitarian horizon. To wait until war is here is to wait urged labor throughout the world to support for corporative State. Officially 46 per cont too Jong. Immediate and powerful action is all efforts to check Italian fascist aggression took part in the election, but the Opposition against Ethiopia, including if necessary sanc- claims the actual number was only 86 per cent. necessary. And we middle-class people must tions (specific penalties imposed by the League of the eligible voters. ‘The successors of Mar- realize that our position is with the working of Nations) and the extension of the economic shall Pilsudski however still claim a victory people against war—and not with the war boyeott of Italian and German goods. and will tighten the grip of the dictatorship. 12

League has Jed the intensive campaign against the extension of military training in BUILDING the high schools of Chicago. It has also THE LEAGUE taken active part in the drive against the Hearst newsreels, utilizing stickers very ef- By PAUL REID fectively for this’ purpose. Executive Secretary, American League Against War and Fascism. Los Angeles: The City Central Committee ‘Took part in busy and eventful “Save Hern- St. Louis: The League here is being xe-or- has been reorganized. It now contains a don Day” on August 14th, and held impress- ganized and new branches are being devel- Mexican, a Japanese and a Negro represen- ive meeting on Civil Rights, September 17th, ‘oped. A series of radio broadcasts is planned tative, Bight Branches are in action. Ten with Dr. Harry F. Ward as the main speaker. for the fall. organizations have affliated, including the . Lithuanian Federation, Friends of the Soviet ‘Union, Women’s Current Events Club, and Baltimore: On August 24th the League took Swedish Good Templars. The resolutions sub- East Pittsburgh: Called a conference on part in an Ethiopian Defense meeting at the mitted to the Production for Use Congress German persecutions, August 29th, with City Hall Plaza, where Angelo Herndon was ‘on the subject of a united movement against twelve organizations represented. A mass the chief speaker. The League also organ- war and fascism meeting on this issue is being planned for ized an anti-Nazi protest’meeting, on August were passed unanimously. a later date, 22nd, attended by over 2,000 people, and ad- Current activities are: campaign on the Ethi- dressed by Rabbi Sidney Goldstein’ of New opian issue, enlarged program against Hearst, . York City, the Rev. F.C. Rueggeberg, protest against Nazi persecutions, week-end Cincinnati: League here organized a real George Renahan, a Catholic layman, and other school on September 8, drive against the united front meeting against Nazi persecu- speakers of Baltimore, Resolutions protesting Constitution Society of the United States as tions on August 18th, and this was followed the German persecutions, and banning the a potential fascist organization, a pienie on by an effective protest campaign against a Olympic games in Berlin were adopted, September 22, and a huge parade on Nover- ‘Nazi display at a German-American day dem- onstration. Speakers at the meeting on the 48th were a trade union leader, a Rabbi, two Protestant ministers, and the League secre- Dagmar, Montana: A group of nearly 100 Champaign-Urbana, Illinois: Prof. Lybyer tary, Carl H. Levy. Telegrams of protest farmers composes the Branch of the League of the University of Illinois addressed a were sent to the American Olympic Commit- here. An antiwar play was produced at a League meeting on July 10, and discussed tee, the German Ambassador and local Con- recent meeting. war propaganda. On August 3, a symposium gressmen. An Ethiopian protest meeting was on the subject, “Fascism Drives Italy to held on September 5th with Alex Phillian, War,” included as speakers a Socialist and a mid-western organizer of the League, as ‘Negro. Resolutions were adopted and pro- chief speaker. ‘The local branch of the Mount Vernon, New York: The League tests sent to the President, the Italian Em- Branch here has organized a City Central and to the local Congressman, N.A.A.C.P. has afiliated with the League. Committee, made up of delegates from adult assy, and youth Branches and four affiliates, An aggressive anti-Hearst campaign is being New Jersey: The League in Bayonne fought conducted against the newsreel and local ‘Terre Haute: Though the National Guard is against a proposed ordinance to prohibit the newspapers. An anti-war mass meeting is still patrolling the streets of this city, the Gistribution of free literature, and saw the scheduled for October 2nd. League is carrying on. Petitions demanding measure defeated. The “Theater Against that Governor MeNutt withdraw the troops War and Fascism,” a dramatic group of the are being circulated. On August 23rd a large League, provided entertainment for a. straw five-county mass meeting was held at Clinton, ide and pienie on August. 25th. Passaie is New York City: _ The services of a trade- and the Terre Haute Secretary, Shubert planning a city conference for this month. At union organizer, 8. R. Solmonick, have been Sebree, spoke. FIGHT was sold at the time ‘Trenton several members of the local League secured for a period of ten weeks in order Norman Thomas and Powers Hapgood tested took active part on the investigating. commit to carry on intensive work in the labor field. the right of assemblage and free speech. A. ‘tee which visited King’s Farms in the inter- A picket line for four days, night and day, huge meeting under the auspices of the est of discovering the working conditions of was maintained around the Italian consulate League to protest the violation of Consitu- the laborers and the suppression of their union. from September 4th to 7th inclusive, and tional rights is being arranged. On September Sth they held a protest meet- street meetings were held in the neighborhood ing against the management of this farm. in protest against the Italian aggression on

Ethiopia, A general membership meeting was Perth Amboy League members circulated the held on September 8th, at which plans for the Herndon petition at a recent Socialist picnic next four months’ activities were developed. Portland, Oregon: Protest mecting on the and secured over 800 signatures. ‘These include a District Conference on Octo- Ethiopian situation was held on August 80th. ber 26th, and a great demonstration against Plans are taking form for a District Confer- war on November lith. The fight against the Hearst newsreels is being carried on aggres- . Phelps, Wisconsin: This newly organized sively. A recent investigation by a Committee Branch of the League—just founded last of layers revealed the fact that Hearst in- Toledo: A weekly “League” column is now month—has already secured two aflliates: a terests have a 50% stake in the newsreels, appearing in the “Toledo Union Leader,” a Farmers and Workers Club, and the Phelps though distribution is controlled by Loew the- Jabor paper. The International Association Co-op. Society. atre interests in New York City. of Machinists, Local 105, has afiliated with the League. Plans are being completed for a District Conference on October 13th. Albany: The League members here organ- ized a conference on the subject of the recent With Our Organizers in the Field: Bert German persecutions, and are planning a Leech, West Coast Organizer, has shifted the Thuge mass meeting on this issue at an early headquarters of his activities from San Fran- Minnesota: An open letter was sent to the date, cisco to Los Angeles. Working with Thelma delegates of the State Federation of Labor . Bramley, Regional Secretary, he has suc- meeting at Redwing. Minneapolis erected Boston: A campaign for repeal of the re- ceeded in laying the basic work for District ‘a booth for the sale and display of League ently enacted Teachers’ Oath Bill is being Conferences in Bakersfield, Fresno, Sacramen- literature at the State Fair, and circulated the developed. The Dorchester Branch is carrying to, San Francisco, Salinas and Ukiah, in cen- Women’s Petition for Total Disarmament. on an active drive against the Hearst Metro- tral and northern California; and in San Virginia held an anti-war meeting on Au- tone Newsreels and also against advertisers Diego, Santa Barbara, San Bernardino, Los gust 8th with Herman Griffiths, League sec- in the Hearst press. The Lynn Branch plans Angeles and in the Imperial Valley in. the retary of Duluth, as main speaker a week-end training school. south. ‘The delegates from the West Coast

chester was instrumental in sending an Region to the National Congress in Cleve- open lettter against participation in war to land are planning to travel by special rai the recent state meeting of the American Chicago: The League took part in the dem- road coach, stopping to pick up. additional Legion. delegates at Denver, and spend the time en onstration against the denial of a parade per route in discussions on League tactics and mit for an Ethiopian protest parade on program. Leech is also arranging for Di Pittsburgh: Sponsored a large Anti-Nazi ‘August 1st, and is still active on this issue, trict Conferences at Portland and Seattle in meeting on August 8th, receiving support of ‘Aweek-end’ school on Trade unions and the the northwest. He reports that San Francisco Governor Earle by a written statement. League was held September 6th and 7th, ‘The hhas reorganized its executive committee and 13

is very busy with a number of activities: a whose rule the indebtedness of fight for free speech, delegation to the Italian the country consulate, mass meeting on the Ethiopian has increased by at least $5,000,000,000, crisis on August 80th, and an intensified cam- Affairs are in no better state in fascist paign against Hearst, Italy, where State credit has been shaken Waldo McNutt, National Organization Sec- to its foundations. Wages are even lower retary, left New York on August 2ist for an than in Germany, Complaint is stifled by a extended mid-western tour. He reports in- tense interest in the League in Kansas, The vigorous terroristie régime, under which the Farmer-Labor Party at its recent convention mere expression of opinion may earn a prison voted to affiliate with the League, and brings sentence of 21 years. to our organization the support of the most militant group in the state, The Topeka local Mussolini is realist enough to know the of the Socialist Party also affliated with the strength of the resentment accumulating League. McNutt spoke also in Roseland, against his régime. His campaign of aggres- Coffeyville, Independence, and Wichita. ‘The sion against Ethiopia ie a Nazi destruction of the Masonfe lodges in last desperate Germany has made many people in the mid- gamble to avert consequences which are now ‘west realize the menace of Hitler’s régime, looming only too clearly for the peace of ‘Thieir opposition to American fascist tenden- mind of Italian fascists. cies and acts is growing. McNutt’s tour will take him to Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, In Austria also fascism is running true to Chicago and Minneapolis, before he returns form. Starvation wages, overflowing prisons, East, incessant persecutions by the gangsters of the Alex Phillian, Mid-western Organizer, has fascist government are the order of the day. spoken in Cleveland, Akron, Canton, Colum- A ray of light is the striking development of WAR FINDS AN ALLY bus, Cincinnati and’ Zanesville recently, and the illegal trade unions which, in spite of is making remarkable progress among trade Cartoon by Efimov in “Pravda,” Moscow union people in gaining their support and every effort of intimidation and repression, activity for the League. He will be busy in are now credited, by the fascists themselves, the Youngstown-Pittsburg area for the next with a membership of 300,000—nearly half Origin of War two or three weeks, and will then transfer the membership of the Trade Union move- the center of his operations to the southwest- ment before it was forcibly dissolved more ‘That modern war among nations is pri- em section of the state, than a year ago. marily economic in origin is beyond dispute. James Lemer, Secretary of the Youth ‘The doctrines of nationalism transform eco- Section, isin’ Baltimore organizing a ‘There can be no doubt of the danger of nomic quarrels among merchants, industrial- District Conference. His activities will take fascism as an inveterate enemy of the free ists and financiers of various countries into him into Delaware and Virginia on this Progress and development of mankind. Fas- southern trip. By the middle of the month controversies among their respective govern- he expects to make a tour for the Youth cism is a “back to the jungle” movement; it ments. These governments in turn are dom- Section through the northern part of New is the negation of everything which has inated by powerful economic groups which York state. taught civilized man to lead a decent, ordered, are continuously fanning the flames of na- Jay Wright, New Jersey Organizer, has and courageous life in the interests of the tionalism through control of the press, the plunged headlong into work for the New community of which he is a part. movies, the radio and other channels of Jersey District Conference to be held at Prevention is better than cure. It is our reaching the public mind. So long as the ‘Trenton on October 26th. The Conference task to check the destructive inroads which profit system prevails vested interests will Committee met at Newark on September 6th this savage cult has already made into mod- and held a busy session. The draft call is seek to enlist governmental armed support being endorsed by outstanding individuals and ‘ern civilization, and to aid the millions of for their competitive struggles in other lands. important organizations, directives for the helpless people now languishing under fascist And just so long will international war re- various commissions are issued, and financial rule to recover their liberty. main an imminent menace. support for the Conference is coming in! ‘To do this means a co-ordination and in- Thus it is apparent that the prevailing system of private ownership of the mass i tensification of the efforts now being made National Office Notes: Dorothy Chertak, through the various organizations which have struments of production and distribution and head of the Speakers’ Bureau, has returned taken up the struggle against fascism. The their operation for private gain through the from a trip abroad. Eleanor Brannan, who Chest for Liberation of Workers of Europe, competitive struggle stands indicted on the has ably substituted for her this summer, will American labor's valuable contribution to the following counts: it frustrates efficiency in take up other League activities at the end of the month. Already 26 cities have agreed cause of labor solidarity and organized labor the utilization of the national equipment first, to act as centers for District Conferences. everywhere, is in the forefront of this great by depriving the masses of adequate, pur Several Districts have not yet reported, but humanitarian struggle, chasing power; and second, by the anarchy the prospects are that we will of competition it prevents coordination in the have 30 or more of these Conferences in preparation for ‘We have to do everything possible to relieve entire process of the Third National Congress, Waldo McNutt the sufferings of the victims of the fascist dic- production and distribution; and Paul Reid will lead a Mid-western Train- tators. We have to use every endeavor to it exacts a terrific toll from the personalities ing School for League workers at Chicago on render support to the thousands of brave men of the winners; it plunges multitudes of September 28th and 29th. Reid will visit sev- losers into the abyss of destitution, despair eral cities in the interests of the League and women who, in fascist countries, are and enmity; and on a vast seale it produces while he is in this area. During the past taking their lives in their hands in order to ‘economic conflict, class war and intemational month new branches and contacts have been speed up the day of deliverance. And war, established in 14 new towns and cities, among throughout it should be our object to render Persons who sanction and support this them being Mena, Arkansas; Saginaw, Mi system of economic individualism are as blind double service to our own democratic institu- souri; Pottsville, Pennsylvania; Alicia, Mic as were the men of other days who defended gan and Eugene, Oregon. tions, the bulwarks of defense against the slavery, serfdom and the divine right of new barbarism. kings. I know that the struggle will not be in From an article by Kirby Page vain. Fascism, as all reliable observers agree, in the NEW LEADER, Speed Up the Day carries within itself the germs of its own . of Deliverance decay. But the human suffering for which it A civilization cannot progress without is responsible cannot be too speedily relieved. criticism and must, therefore, fo save itelt (Continued from page 5) from stagnation and putrefacton, I hope that everyone who reads this article unity for" criticiem. "This ‘means deciare im This body, of which 1 have the honor to be will resolve to do his utmost—and to do it hot only for propositions which, impunity Chairman, has already done effective work in now—to save his fellow men and women novel, Seem interesting, statesmanlike however and operating and intensifying. the boyeot from the misery which, through no fault of Tespectable but for propositions that shock Germany's adverse trade balance is giving their own, is inflicted on them by the agents the uncritical as obscene, seditious, blasphem: serious ous, heretical and. revolationary” concern to the Nazi dictators, under of the cruellest anti-social cult of the century. George Bernard Shaw. 14

Georges Seldes in his book, “Freedom of the deportation because of their activity in radi- Press,” shows how the Hearst press is merely cal or Iabor organizations. Many of these BOOKS ‘the most advanced section of a prostitute press will be deported to almost certain death in which is almost completely lined fascist countries unless mass protest prevents CHALLENGE 70 DEATH business interests and ready to serve up behind them big. in it, Among such aliens are Bric Becker, Carl A Symposium ‘war or peace. Ohm, Otto Richter, Stella Petrosky, and E. P. Dutton. $2.50, Even the New York Times, which is re- Walter Baer. garded generally as the most impartial and ‘The fight against deportation is a fight VISCOUNT CECIL, Storm Jameson, J. B. trustworthy source of information, is shown for the preservation of democratic rights, Priestley, Rebecea West, Vera Brittain, in an uncomplimentary light. Its’ treatment and nine other prominent “English liberals not only for aliens, but for all of us; it is a give the pacifist challenge to the war-makers. of news from Italy, particularly, is shown to fight for the preservation of the best tradi- Tt paints the horror of slaughter in its worst be far from impartial. Arnoldo Cortesi, its tions in American history. ‘colors and appeals to all who love humanity Italian correspondent, is an enthusiastic fas- ° 4; ‘and freedom to oppose the reactionary forees cist. George Sokolsky, its expert on the Far driving us into another world war, but with- East, is a munitions Salesman and an agent WORKING-CLASS UNITY — BULWARK ‘out, giving an effective militant program of of Japanese imperialism, AGAINST FASCISM anti-war action, The writers look to inter- One recent example of how the press By Georgi Dimitrov national cooperation through the League of “serves” the public is the campaign against wwenth World Congress of Nations and Disarmament Conferences and the mild Tugwell Pure Food Bill. Responding Communist International. Workers? Peace Pacts for the solution, just as these” to the pleas of national advertisers, the press Library Publishers, 96 pages, 10 cents. instrumentalities are breaking down under did a good job in helping to kill this ill THIS briltiant speech of Dimitrov’ is a thor ‘There is a constant flow of “news” and “in- the impact of economic and political conflicts formation” welling from poisoned springs, im- oughgoing analysis of the very essence of inherent in capitalism, and intensified by bibed daily by credulous Americans, and fascism and an exposition of what fascism fascism. Seldes indicates the source of some of the brings to the working masses. At the same poison. From some of the the same sources time it brings forward in sharper and more AMERICA FACES THE BARRICADES ‘comes pro-fascist and pro-war propaganda, powerful form the weapon of the masses for By John L. Spivale defeating fascism: the United Front. Covici-Friede. $2.50 Dimitrov gives a clear-cut answer to these FIVE years ago the country was amazed at RUBBER TRUNCHEON ‘two questions which are agitating work- the startling discovery by a New York re- By Wolfgang Langhof ing people throughout the world: How ean porter that the police commissioner of that E. P, Dutton and Co. $2.50. fascism be prevented from coming to power, city had developed a “red menace” on the WE HAVE barely emerged from the war- and how can fascism be overthrown after it Basis of forged documents. This hoax threw book era, and a new calamity has re- hhas been victorious? ‘a bombshell into the red-hunting Fish Com- leased a new stream of horror stories. This Dimitrov’s speech supplies all anti-fascists mittee. is again the story of a German concentration with a clearly defined and well-lit path along Last year the same reporter again startled camp—the inevitable eruelties, jailings of which to travel in the struggle for unity America with a detailed report on the would- people who don’t even know the reasons, the against the onslaught of fascism, be Hitlers and Mussolinis of America. same brave working-class prisoners who laugh, In America Faces the Barricades ‘Spivak work and fight in spite of terror and torture. has hit the bell again. This time it is no Again we see the disillusioned special guards startling detective work, but a candid insight of Hitler who thought they fought a revolution Plunder of Ethiopia into what the American thinks and whither we and find themselves back where they started (Continued from page 8) are headed. from. ‘They begin to turn against Hitlerism, Going into every section of this country to ‘The author of this book was an actor. His home carrying their rifles with them for pro- speak to labor leaders, workers, bankers, crime consisted in having performed for some farmers, Spivak discovered bewilderment on workers’ clubs. He served thirteen months, tection, the fascist authorities were afraid to the part of business and political leaders, and has a good story to tell. Karl Billinger’s imprison them and hushed up the affair. The widespread discontent among the masses, a Fatherland together with Rubber Truncheon news leaked out despite the censorship. The toward a solution. give a clear record and analysis of Nazi terror fascist newspapers also conceal the fact that groping This happened in Ttaly and Austria and and its political purposes, the number of deserters fleeing across the fron- Germany. It happened in Russia earlier. Many interpreters of fascism have seen it as tiers into Yugoslavia increases daily, and that ‘a strange phenomenon engineered by neuro- THE RIGHT OF ASYLUM there are frequent conflicts between the fascist ties. Spivak’s analysis proceeds to show that By Charles Recht militia and soldiers, workers and peasants, like “The tendency by business to accept a dicta- The Social Economie Foundations. 15 cents. the recent conflict at Brescia, torship both from the government and from EVERY economic disturbance has brought its own industrial leaders, its accusation that in its wake a sharpening of laws against Letters received by Italians in America con- the workers who ask for more bread are aliens.” This is true of the present crisis firm the fact that resentment against Musso- effected by alien doctrines, must be consid- We have departed long since from the Amer- lini's imperialist adventure is widespread and ered as fascist trends.” fean tradition established by the first colon- only fascist terror prevents more effective We are taken to ’Frisco, the South, textile ists, that all the oppressed of the earth flec- ‘mass resistance. centers, and learn from the very mouths of ing’ from tyrants “should be succored among the makers of government and financial rule us”; from the principles set forth by George This indicates only in a small measure that “when the economic conditions become Washington in his Thanksgiving Proclama- how the Italian workers are enriching their more acute, these accusations by the employ- tion of 1795 praying that God would “render Garibaldist traditions of struggle for free- ing class will inevitably assume open hostil- this country more and more a safe and propi- Berane ct? tious asylum for the unfortunate of other dom and for the defense of weak people, Some of the startling chapters from last countries.” ‘Thomas Jefferson in causing the with the revolutionist tradition of struggle year's exposé of the “shirt” movements are repeal of the Alien and Sedition Laws asked: for the defeat of one’s “own” war lords and present and take their place among the “Shall oppressed humanity find no asylum on merchants of death, for the defeat of fas- ‘trends which are forcing progressive forces this globe? Shall we refuse the unhappy cism and what it stands for to beware, and not only Dennis’ anti-Semitism, fugitive from distress that hospitality which ‘but also Roosevelt's’ military disaffection bill the savages of the wilderness extended to Day by day, in the face of the most ruth- fare part of the same menace. our forefathers arriving in this land?” Abra- less terror which Mussolini is increasing as Whoever would understand fascist begin- ham Lincoln put a plank in the platform of he is hastening to attack Ethiopia, the work- rings in America should read this book, the Republican Party in 1864 providing that james Lerner. this country should remain an asylum for ers and peasants of Italy are building « the oppressed of all countries. wide popular front against war. The united For this tradition of asylum has been sub- front recently realized by the Communist and FREEDOM OF THE PRESS stituted a policy of cutting off immigration Socialist parties of Italy is the most encour- By George Seldes and of deportating aliens—especially radical aging and promising sign of the widening Bobbs-Merrill. $2.75. aliens, who need asylum more than any HE NEWSPAPER remains, despite the others, Today Germans and Italians and front against a new slaughter and for peace radio, the most powerful weapon in the Poles are deported back to suffer the ruthless and freedom. arsenal of the reactionary forces. Hearst's “justice” of fascist dictatorships. For in- In this critical hour it is the duty of every ‘wire to Frederic Remington in Cuba in 1898: stance, there are Sallitto and Ferrero, peace friend of peace, every enemy of fascist re- "You supply the pictures and I'll make the ful residents of California for fifteen and war,” sums it all up. When the big finance thirty years respectively, now held for depor- action, to fight also in America in defense capitalists, the munitions makers, the reac- tation to fascist Italy—because they rented of the people of Ethiopia and to support tionaries, ‘are ready for war they discover a office space in their restaurant to Anarchists! the heroic struggle of the Italian toilers pretext and whip up patriotic fervor. ‘There are now thirty-eight aliens held for against war.

15

FINALS OF SUBSCRIPTION CONTEST LEAGUE PAMPHLETS FROM MAY 22 TO SEPTEMBER 10 FASCIST ROAD TO RUIN First prize Bernard Seeman, N. Y. City Committee. By GEORGE SELDES Second Regina Rolph, McKinley Square Branch, N. ¥. C. Third J, Hefner, Pittsburgh Branch. Just printed: explains the workings of fas- Fourth Garland Martin, San Francisco Branch. ism; why Italy’ is driven into war in an Fifth Frank Swerdloff, Baltimore Branch fttempt to save Mustolini's regimes trade Sixth S.R. Zorfas, Los Angeles Branch wages and living conditions under the Seventh _S. Philip Blechman, Coatesville, Pa. fan state; freneied fascist” finance. Eighth M, Rosenberg, Croton-on-Hudson Five Cents @ Copy Ninth Mary Martha Gleason, Philadelphia Branch Tenth J. Lopow, Spring Valley Branch 101 to 500, 3¢ ea. Eleventh Lew Davis, Plainfield, N. J. ‘Twelfth Charles Tuccillo, Bronx 501 or more, 254¢ ea, ‘Thirteenth Lad Dolista, Cleveland Branch Fourteenth Robert Immordino, Trenton Branch MARS RULES THE HOUR Fifteenth Natalie Langbein, ‘Mt. Vernon Branch By JOHANNES STEEL Total number of subs turned in up to September 10th—1,902 ‘The Foreign Editor of the N. Y. Post analyzes ‘The results of this subscription contest are distinctly disappointing. Chicago, the the present situation in Europe and tells why second largest city in this eountry, turned in only 12 subs, What is the matter ‘with he predicts a European war in 1935. Now on the Chicago branch of the League?” Now that the subscription contest is over, we hope the pres that those branches which have failed so miserably this summer, will get busy and Five Cents @ copy redeem themselves. Prices in quantity same as above putting S. R. Zorfas, FIGHT literature on the newsstands, director of the in trade Los Angeles union halls, committee, and taking is doing it to excellent the member? work, Ship meetings of the I. W. 0. FIGHTer Zorfas arranged a pienie for the benefit of the Sustaining Fund for literature, ‘The Los Angeles order has increased from 750 to ‘THE PLUNDER OF ETHIOPIA. 1250 copies of FIGHT. By REV. WILLIAM LLOYD IMES The San Francisco Branch, with Garland, Martin as the new literature agent, is ‘and LISTON M, OAK paying off its old bill at the rate of $20 each month. ‘The sale of FIGHT there is Teeo Cents @ Copy growing ‘From steadily our Gieveland agent, Lad Dolista, we have excellent monthly reports on the sale of FIGHT, and constructive criticism on the magazine, and how we can improve FASCISM our sales technique. e nature of the totalitarian state—the be- . ssinnings of fascism in the United States—how ARE YOU ON THE BLACKLIST? Awe can stop fascism, Are vou on that moral blachlis of persons who are against war but who are doing nothing to Ten Cents a Copy Onoer Frost AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM Rm, 702, 112 B, 19th St., New York City FIGHT ?

le order (Ge copy In bundles of 10 oF more, with 90 days credit) ra in the American League Against War and Fascism turoughout the wortdy He ot pe ‘aght nov. Stop the shipment of EACH ITEM

Coming Strachey Struggle for Power, . Fascism and Social Revolution, GENETICS PAUL LUTTINGER, M.D. Dutt . Fatherland, Karl Billinger ates || DANIEL LUTTINGER, M.D. |. Voices of October, SOCIAL ORDER Kunies, Preeman By MARK GRAUBARD 5 Washington Square North 5. Those Who Perish, Fifty Cents ‘Edward Dahlberg TOMORROW PUBLISHERS e . Moscow. Myra Page Yankee, Onoer Frost Where the Ghetto Ends, AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST Office Hours: Z Dennen WAR AND FASCISM 1 to 2 P.M, and 6 to's P.M. ‘Ten 7. Reed Days That Shook the World, Except Sundays History of Feudalism, (0. Trachtenberg Make of Break,

DO NOT FIGH Use Coupon Below for Mail Orders against impaired vision Orders Sent Postpaid. Write for Pree Liste against headaches against sluggish WORKERS’ BOOKSHOP. CONSULT Please send mo No. (or Nos.) COOPERATIVE OPTICIANS OFFICIAL OPTICIANS TO or amount enclosed, 1 Union Sq. W. Room 211 INDUSTRIAL AND University Place and 14th Street FRATERNAL WORKERS Adare, 9:30 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. ORGANIZATIONS itv