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Samuel Taylor Coleridge / I o?V SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE A NARRATIVE OF THE EVENTS OF HIS LIFE BY JAMES DYKES CAMPBELL ILonDon MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1894 bin ; C3:>' PREFACE This Memoir is mainly a reproduction of the bio- graphical sketch prefixed to the one-volume edition of Coleridge's Poetical Works^ published last spring. Such an Introduction generally and properly consists of a brief summary of some authoritative biography. As, however, no authoritative biography of Coleridge existed, I was obliged to construct a narrative for my own purpose. With this view, I carefully sifted all the old printed biographical materials, and as far as possible collated them with the original documents I searched all books of Memoirs, etc., likely to Coleridge contain incidental information regarding ; and, further, I was privileged by being permitted to make use of much important matter, either absolutely new, or previously unavailable. My aim had been, not to add to the ever- lengthening array of estimates of Coleridge as a poet and philosopher, but to provide something 1 The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited, with a Bio- graphical Introduction, by James Dykes Campbell. London : Macmillan and Co. 1893. SAMUEL TA YLOR COLERIDGE which appeared to be wanting—a plain, and as far as possible, an accurate narrative of the events of his life ; something which might serve until the appearance of the full biography which is expected from the hands of the poet's grandson, Mr. Ernest Hartley Coleridge. In preparing the present reprint of the ' Bio- graphical Introduction ' I have spared no effort towards making it worthy of separate publication, and of its new title. It has been carefully revised ; and though neither form nor scale has been materially altered, I have not hesitated to expand the narrative wherever a fuller or clearer statement appeared to be desirable, or new facts which had come to light in the interval required to be mentioned. Although in the footnotes I have found frequent opportunity of offering thanks for help rendered in the preparation of this work, I am indebted to many others who are not there mentioned ; and to each of them I now tender my sincere thanks. To the generous sympathy and assistance of Mr. Ernest Hartley Coleridge my work owes more than I can in less measure am I adequately express ; and no grateful to two other friends, Canon Ainger and Mr. Leslie Stephen, whose help in every direction has been invaluable to me. PREFACE vii The portrait which forms the frontispiece has been reproduced directly from the original, now in the National Portrait Gallery. This belonged to Cottle, and was admirably engraved in his Early Recollections, ' where he thus writes of it : This portrait of Mr, Coleridge was taken in oils by a Mr. [Peter] Vandyke (a descendant of the great Vandyke). He was invited over from Holland by the late Sir Joshua Reynolds, to assist him in his portraits, particularly in the drapery department ; in which capacity he remained with him many years. Mr. Vandyke afterwards settled in Bristol, and obtained great and just celebrity for his likenesses. His portrait of ]\Ir. Coleridge did him great credit, as a better likeness was never taken, and it has the additional advantage of exhibiting Mr. C. in one of his animated conversations, the expression of which the painter has in good degree preserved.' Hancock's portrait of the following year has been more frequently engraved, and is therefore more familiar. Cottle says it ' was much admired at the time, and has an additional interest from having been drawn when Mr. C.'s spirits were in a state of depression, on account of the failure of the Watchman.' Several later portraits are mentioned in the text. J. D. C. ^ UNIVERSITYOF THE PRINTED AUTHORITIES CHIEFLY CITED 1. Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T, Coleridge. With a Pre- face by the editor, Thomas Allsop. Third edition, 1864. (The first edition was published anonymously. Moxon. 1836. 2 vols.) 2. Early Years and Late Reflections. By Clement Carlyon, M.l). 4 vols. 1856-1858. 3. Biographia Literaria : or Biographical Sketches of my Literary Life and Opinions. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq. 2 vols. 18 17. 4. Biographia Literaria [etc.] By S. T. Coleridge. Second edition, prepared for publication in part by the late H. N. Coleridge : completed and published by his widow. 2 vols. 1847. 5. Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge [Mrs. H. N. Coleridge]. Edited by her daughter. 2 vols. 1873. 6. Memorials of Coleorton : being Letters from Coleridge, Wordsworth and his sister, Southey, and Sir Walter Scott, to Sir George and Lady Beaumont of Coleorton, Leicestershire, 1803-1834. Edited by William Knight, University of St. Andrews. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1887. 7. Early Recollections : chiefly relating to the late S. T. Coleridge, during his long residence in Bristol. By Joseph Cottle. 2 vols. 1837. 8. Reminiscences of S. T. Coleridge and R. Southey. By Joseph Cottle. 1847. (A recast of ' 7 ' with additions.) 9. Fragmentary Remains, literary and scientific, of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. [etc.] Edited by his brother, John Da\y, M.D. 1858. 10. Unpublislied Letters from .S. T. Coleridge to the Rev. John Prior Estlin. Communicated by Henry A. Bright (to the Piiii.oiiiBi.ON Society), n.d. 11. The Life of S. T. Coleridge, by James Gillman. In 2 vols. ('Vol. L' only was published.) 1838. --12. The Letters of Cliarles Lamb. Edited by Alfred Ainger. 2 vols. 1888. 13. A Group of Englishmen (1795-1815) : being records of the younger Wedg- woods and their Friends. By Eliza Meteyard. 187 1. 14. Diary, Reminiscences, and Correspondence of Henry Crabb Robinson. Third edition. 2 vols. 1872. 15. Thomas Poole and his Friends. By Mrs. Henry Sandford. 2 vols. 1888. 16. The Life and Correspondence of R. Southey. 6 vols. 1849- 1850. 17. Selections from the Letters of R. Southey. 4 vols. 1856. 18. Letters from the Lake Poets—S. T. Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Robert Southey— to Daniel Stuart, editor of The Afornvig Post and The Courier. 1 800- 1 838. Printedfor private circulation. 1889. Edited by Mr. Ernest Hartley Coleridge, in whom the copyright of the contents is vested. 19. Coleridge. By H. D. Traill. ' English Men of Letters ' series. 1884. 20. Memoirs of William Wordsworth. By Christopher Wordsworth, D.D., Canon of Westminster [afterwards Bishop of Lincoln]. 2 vols. 1S51. 21. The Life of William Wordsworth. By William Knight, LL.D. 3 vols. 1889. CONTENTS PAGE Printed Authorities Chiefly Cited . ix CHAPTER I Childhood—Christ's Hospital, a.d. i 772-1 791 . i CHAPTER II Cambridge, etc. a.d. i 791-1794 . .21 CHAPTER III Marriage— The Watchman, a.d. i 795-1 796 . 50 CHAPTER IV Nether Stowev—Lyrical Ballads, a.d. i 797-1 798 . 62 CHAPTER V i Germany, a.d. 798-1 799 . .94 CHAPTER VI — a.d. i . London Greta Hall. 799-1 801 . 103 CONTENTS CHAPTER VII Greta Hall. a.d. i 801-1804 .... CHAPTER VIII Malta and Italy. a.d. 1804- 1806 CHAPTER IX i Return to England — Lectures — The Friend, a.d. | 1806-1810 ...... 153 i CHAPTER X i London, a.d. 18 10-18 13 . 179 \ I CHAPTER XI ! I Bristol and Calne. a.d. 18 13-18 16 . 198 j I 1 CHAPTER XII • Highgate. A.D. 1 8 16-18 19 . 220 CHAPTER XIII 9- Highgate—{continued), a.d. 181 1825 . 241 CHAPTER XIV Last Years at Highgate. a.d. 1825-1S34 . 259 Conclusion . .281 •. Appendix . 285 Index ...... 280 ersitt) CHAPTER I CHILDHOOD—Christ's hospital A.D. I772-I791 Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born at the Vicarage of Ottery St. Mary, in Devonshire, on the 21st October 1772. His father was the Rev. John Coleridge, Vicar of the Parish, and Chaplain-Priest and Master of its Free Grammar School (commonly called the ' King's School'), founded by Henry VHI. His mother was the Vicar's second wife, and her maiden name was Anne Bowdon. By his first wife, Mary Lendon, the three daughters, who were all alive in Vicar had 1797 ; and by his second, nine sons (of whom Samuel Taylor was the youngest) and one daughter. The poet's paternal grandfather, who had been ' a considerable woollen trader in South Molton,' fell into poor circum- stances when his son was about sixteen {c. 1735), and John was then supported at school by a friend of the family. When, in 1748,^ he matriculated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, he was already married, and on leaving the University, without a degree, he settled as a schoolmaster at South Molton,- where his 1 When about twenty-nine years of age, not ' twenty,' as misprinted in Bw^. Lit. 1847, ii. 314. 2 Not 'Southampton,' as misprinted in Biog. Lit. 1847, ii. 314. B 2 SAMUEL TA YLOR COLERIDGE 1772 wife died in June 1 75 1. Having remarried ^tzV'*;^ 1754, he removed in 1 760 to Ottery St. Mary, on being appointed to the Hving and the mastership of the school. At that time there were, besides a son who died in infancy, two children of his second marriage—John, who died died in 1786, a captain H.E.I.C.S. ; and William, who in 1780, both unmarried. In 1760 was born James, who entered the army and married one of the co- heiresses of Robert Duke, of Otterton, Esquire. James's second son became Sir John Taylor Coleridge (better known as 'Mr. Justice Coleridge'), the father of the present Lord Chief-Justice. James's fourth son was Henry Nelson Coleridge, who married his cousin Sara, the poet's only daughter.
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