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PAPURAU NEWYDDNEWSPAPERS Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru the National Library of Wales

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PAPURAU NEWYDDNEWSPAPERS Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru the National Library of Wales NEWSPAPERS Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales PAPURAU NEWYDD Seren Gomer, 16 Ebrill 1814 (apnef00100061) Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales PAPURAU NEWYDD NEWSPAPERS Mae’r stori’n cychwyn tua phum canrif The story begins some five centuries ago yn ôl yn Ewrop. Byddai masnachwyr yn in Europe. Merchants would distribute dosbarthu cylchlythyrau a ysgrifennwyd â newsletters written by hand containing llaw yn cynnwys gwybodaeth am y tywydd, information regarding the weather, economic amodau economaidd, rhyfeloedd a storïau o conditions, wars and human-interest stories. ddiddordeb. Er taw dyma’r ffordd gynharaf Although this was the first known form of yr ydym yn ymwybodol ohoni o ddosbarthu distributed written information, Germany gwybodaeth ysgrifenedig, Yr Almaen sydd yn is accredited with the creation of the first cael ei hadnabod fel crëwr y papur newydd newspaper. In the late fifteenth century, a cyntaf. Yn niwedd y bymthegfed ganrif, cross between a brochure and a pamphlet cynhyrchwyd croes rhwng llyfryn a phamffled was dispersed among the people, the text a’i rannu rhwng y bobl, yn cynnwys storïau containing highly sensationalised stories along cyffrous ynghyd â chofnod o ddigwyddiadau with description of current news events. newyddion cyfoes. Britain’s newspaper press can trace its history Gall papurau newydd ym Mhrydain olrhain back more than 300 years. Berrow’s Worcester eu hanes nôl dros 300 mlynedd. Credir mai’r Journal, which started life as the Worcester Berrow’s Worcester Journal, a ddechreuodd ei Postman in 1690 and was published regularly fywyd fel y Worcester Postman yn 1690 ac a from 1709, is believed to be the oldest gyhoeddwyd yn gyson o 1709, yw’r papur surviving English newspaper. newydd Saesneg hynaf i oroesi. William Caxton had introduced the first Cyflwynodd William Caxton y wasg gyhoeddi English printing press in 1476 and by the Saesneg gyntaf yn 1476 ac erbyn cychwyn early 16th century the first ‘news papers’ were y 16eg ganrif gwelwyd y ‘papurau newydd’ seen in Britain. They were, however, slow to cyntaf ym Mhrydain. Fodd bynnag, araf evolve, with the largely illiterate population oedd y datblygiad, gyda thrwch y boblogaeth relying on town criers for news. The first anllythrennog yn ddibynnol ar y cyhoeddwyr regular English daily newspaper, the tref am eu newyddion. Cychwynnodd y Daily Courant, was launched in the reign of papur newydd dyddiol Saesneg cyntaf, y Queen Anne in 1702. Daily Courant, yn 1702 yn ystod teyrnasiad y Frenhines Anne. Newspaper publishing came late to Wales compared to the rest of the United Kingdom. Yn ddiweddar y daeth cyhoeddi papurau This can be partly explained by lack of good newydd i Gymru o’i chymharu â gweddill y communications and a sparse population that Deyrnas Unedig. Roedd hyn mae’n debyg was largely non-English speaking. am fod y boblogaeth yn wasgaredig a’r rhan fwyaf yn methu siarad Saesneg. Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales Sefydlwyd y wasg argraffu gyntaf yng The first printing press in Wales was Nghymru yn 1718. Cyn y dyddiad hwn established in 1718. Prior to that date it must mae’n debygol fod rhaid i’r Cymro cyffredin be surmised that the ordinary Welshman had ddibynnu am ei ‘newyddion’ ar dameidiau o to rely for his ‘news’ on scraps of information wybodaeth ddethol o sgyrsiau ei gydweithwyr culled from the conversations of his fellow yn y caeau ac yn y tafarndai, ar bregeth workers in the fields and in taverns, the achlysurol ac ar fân-siarad cyffredinol. occasional sermon, and hearsay in general. Yn Abertawe yn 1804 yr ymddangosodd The first newspaper published in Wales, The Cambrian, y papur newydd cyntaf i’w The Cambrian, appeared in Swansea in argraffu yng Nghymru. Roedd Abertawe 1804. Swansea at that time was beginning to ar yr adeg honno yn dechrau ddatblygu’n develop into a busy commercial and industrial dref fasnachol a diwydiannol brysur town with the good communications that gyda’r cysylltiadau angenrheidiol ar gyfer were necessary for the distribution of dosbarthu’r papur newydd i’r lleiafrif o the newspaper to the minority of English siaradwyr a darllenwyr Saesneg ym mhrif speakers and readers in the principal towns of drefi De Cymru. South Wales. Dilynodd Gogledd Cymru yn gyflym iawn North Wales followed soon afterwards with gyda’i bapur newydd wythnosol cyntaf, its first weekly, The North Wales Gazette, The North Wales Gazette, a gyhoeddwyd published in Bangor in 1808. Two years later, ym Mangor yn 1808. Ddwy flynedd yn a similar paper, The Carmarthen Journal, was ddiweddarach ymddangosodd papur tebyg to appear which sought its readership in West iawn, The Carmarthen Journal, ar gyfer Wales. Both The North Wales Gazette and darllenwyr yng Ngorllewin Cymru. Roedd The Carmarthen Journal were conservative in The North Wales Gazette a The Carmarthen outlook and have survived to the present day. Journal yn geidwadol eu safbwynt ac maent wedi goroesi hyd heddiw. The first Welsh language weekly to be published was Seren Gomer, which began in Seren Gomer oedd yr wythnosolyn Cymraeg 1814. Unlike the others already mentioned, cyntaf i’w gyhoeddi, a hynny yn 1814. Yn Seren Gomer saw itself as a national wahanol i’r rhai sydd wedi eu rhestru eisoes, newspaper which sought to serve the whole roedd Seren Gomer yn ei weld ei hun yn bapur of Wales. cenedlaethol i wasanaethu Cymru gyfan. The first daily newspaper to be published in Y papur newydd dyddiol cyntaf i’w gyhoeddi Wales was The Cambrian Daily Leader, which yng Nghymru oedd The Cambrian Daily first appeared in 1861. It was followed by the Leader, a ymddangosodd gyntaf yn 1861. South Wales Daily News, (1872), and the Dilynwyd ef gan y South Wales Daily News South Wales Daily Post (1869), but it was the (1872) a’r South Wales Daily Post (1869), ond Western Mail (1869) that was to become y Western Mail (1869) oedd i ddod yn brif Wales’ foremost daily newspaper, and it bapur newydd dyddiol ar gyfer Cymru, ac continues as such today. mae’n parhau felly hyd heddiw. Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales Profodd y byd cyhoeddi papurau newydd The world of newspaper publishing lawer iawn o newid ar ôl y Rhyfel Byd experienced a great deal of change after Cyntaf. Daeth papurau newydd yn fwy the First World War. Newspapers became poblogaidd yn eu cynnwys, gan fod rhagor more popular in content, as more space was o golofnau yn cael eu neilltuo i newyddion given to local news such as marriages and lleol, fel priodasau a marwolaethau; yn ogystal deaths, but they also became a means of daethant yn ddull o ledaenu barn wleidyddol. disseminating political opinion. Erbyn yr 1950au roedd ffigyrau dosbarthu By the 1950s distribution figures showed that yn dangos bod papurau newydd yn colli tir. newspapers were losing ground. There is Nid oes amheuaeth nad oedd datblygiad y little doubt that the development of radio and radio a’r teledu yn gyfrifol am y dirywiad, television had much to do with the decline, yn arbennig sefydlu’r gwasanaeth teledu especially the setting up of Independent annibynnol, a fanteisiodd ar yr hysbysebu Television, which exploited the world of a oedd mor bwysig i ddiwydiant y papurau advertising so important to the newspaper newydd. industry. PAPUraU NEWYDD YN LLYFRGELL Newspapers AT THE NATIONAL GENEDlaeTHOL CYMRU LIBrarY OF WALES Er i Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru gasglu Since its foundation the National Library papurau newydd ers ei sefydlu a hawlio of Wales has collected newspapers, and has copïau adnau cyfreithiol o’r teitlau a claimed legal deposit copies of all known titles gyhoeddwyd yng Nghymru ac o’r tu allan i published in Wales and outside Wales in the Gymru yn yr iaith Gymraeg ers 1912, dim Welsh language from 1912, an all out effort ond ers cychwyn yr 1970au y gwnaethpwyd to collect and preserve all newspapers relating ymdrech gyson i gasglu ac i ddiogelu’r to Wales – national, local, weekly, daily – was holl bapurau newydd sydd yn ymwneud â made only from the beginning of the 1970s Chymru – yn genedlaethol, lleol, wythnosol a and for free newspapers from the 1980s. dyddiol – ac ers yr 1980au yn achos papurau newydd rhad ac am ddim. Many of the newspaper titles have been bound in monthly, bimonthly or six-monthly Mae nifer o’r papurau newydd wedi eu volumes and are stored in title order. The rhwymo mewn cyfrolau yn fisol, deufisol neu Library has only recently ceased binding chwemisol ac yn cael eu storio yn nhrefn eu newspapers. teitl. Dim ond yn ddiweddar y mae’r Llyfrgell wedi peidio â rhwymo. Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru The National Library of Wales RHaglen Newsplan Newsplan PROgraMME Mae papurau newydd yn rhoi darlun byw o Newspapers provide a vivid picture of life fywyd y gorffennol yn ogystal â’r presennol in the past as well as the present and they ac maent yn ffynhonnell boblogaidd a are a popular and heavily used source for ddefnyddir yn gyson ar gyfer amrywiaeth many kinds of historical research. By their eang o ymchwil hanesyddol. Yn eu natur very nature they are not intended to last nid oeddent wedi’u bwriadu i barhau am indefinitely. Because old newspapers become byth. Mae’r hen bapurau newydd yn mynd acidic and brittle with time, they present yn asidig ac yn frau gydag amser, ac yn peri libraries with a major conservation problem. problem gadwraethol anferth i lyfrgelloedd. Libraries throughout the United Kingdom Mae llyfrgelloedd trwy’r Deyrnas Unedig and Ireland co-operated in the Newsplan ac Iwerddon wedi cydweithio trwy’r rhaglen programme. Newsplan identified surviving Newsplan.
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