4 Oklahoma Native Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

VASCULAR OF THE WICHITA MOUNTAINS WILDLIFE REFUGE (1977)

Paul Buck Department of Life Sciences The University of Tulsa Tulsa, Oklahoma

Introduction (2) During the 1930’s thousands of seedlings of non-native woody This list is an effort to species were introduced and planted Mahonia aquifolium update a popular list of the (example: , Spiraea arguta, vascular plants of the Barberry; Spirea; Hibiscus syriacus, WichitaMountains Wildlife Refuge Rose of Sharon; Lagerstroemia indica, prepared by the author Crape approximately ten years ago. The myrtle, etc.). Most of these were earlier work was compiled from subsequently moved to other lists published by Eskew (1938), locations within the southwest. Osborn and Allen(1949) and from Probably none of those left in the studies of several regional Refuge survived the competition of herbaria. the native flora. The changes over the previous The identity of the maple list reflect new species found within the Refuge has been a subject during field activities in the of debate for many years. Opinions Refuge through the years,additions have been divided between the Acer reported in the literature and bigtooth maple ( grandidentatum A. modifications of scientific names ) and sugar maple ( saccharum as published in floras, keys, and ). The writer felt, when manuals. Common names are always a the earlier list was prepared, the problem,frequently changing Wichita maple was the latter and several times within relatively deleted the bigtooth maple from the small geographic areas. In an list. Dent(1969) made a study of the effort to avoid this difficulty the sugar maples of Oklahoma and common names have been taken from A concluded the Caddo Canyon and Guide to Plant Names, (Rechenthin, Wichita Mountains groups are both Acer saccharum. 1954) which was prepared for use by the regional Soil Conservation Service. The very few not listed in References Cited this publication were obtained from Fernald (1950)and the updated Dent, Thomas Curtis 1969 version of Britton and Brown Relationships of two isolated (Gleason 1952). groups of sugar maple in central The asterisks (*) indicate Oklahoma to eastern and western species that are questionable as species. Unpublished PhD present inhabitants of the Refuge Dissertation, University for a couple of reasons: (1) Many ofOklahoma, Norman. were reported in the area by earlier Eskew, Cletis T. 1938 The flowering workers but recent literature plants of the Wichita Mountains indicates their ranges do not Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. extend into the Wichita Mountains Amer. Mid. Nat. 20:695-703. system. It might be inferred these Fernald, M.L. 1950 Gray’s Manual of were misidentified,and in several Botany. American Book Company, cases where the specimens were . located, this proved to be the case.

Buck, P. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100011 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Gleason, Henry A. 1952 The New Wright’s cliffbrake Britton and Brown Illustrated Woodsia obtuse Flora of the Northeastern United Woodsia States and Adjacent Canada. The MARSILEACEAE New York Botanical Garden, New Pilularia americana York. American pillwort Osborn, B. and P. F. Allan 1949 Marsilea mucronata Vegetation of an abandoned Pepper wort prairie-dog town in tall-grass prairie. Ecology 30:322-332. PINACEAE Rechenthin, C.A. 1954 A Guide to Juniperus virginiana Plant Names in Texas, Oklahoma, Eastern Red Cedar Louisiana, Arkansas. United Pinus echinata* States Department of Shortleaf pine Agriculture, Soil Conservation Pinus edulis* Service. Nut pine Pinus ponderosa* Western Yellow pine

Species List Pinus taeda* EQUISETACEAE Loblolly pine Equisetum laevigatum CUPRESSACEAE Kansas horsetail Thuja orientalis* SELAGINELLACEAE Oriental Arbor-Vitae Selaginella peruviana TYPHACEAE Sheldon selaginella Typha angustifolia Selaginella rupestris Narrow leaf cattail Rock selaginella Typha domingensis Cattail ISOETACEAE Typha latifolia Isoetes butleri Butler quillwort Cattail Isoetes melanopoda ZOSTERACEAE Blackfoot quillwort Potamogeton amplifolius Largeleaf pondweed POLYPODIACEAE Potamogeton diversifolius Asplenium trichomanes Waterthread pondweed Spleenwort Potamogeton nodosus Cheilanthes eatoni Longleaf pondweed Eaton lipfern Potamogeton pusillus Cheilanthes fendleri* Baby pondweed Fendler lipfern Cheilanthes lanosa NAJADACEAE Najas guadalupensis Hairy lipfern Cheilanthes lindheimeri Southern naiad Lindheimer lipfern Cheilanthes vestita ALISMATACEAE Echinodorus cordifolius Lipfern Cheilanthes wootoni* Erect burhead Sagittaria calycina Wooton lipfern Dryopteris marginalis Longlobe arrowhead Sagittarria latifolia Standley’s lipfern Arrowhead Notholaena standleyi Standley’s lipfern POACEAE Agropyron repens* Pellaea atropurpurea Purple cliffbrake Couch grass Agrostis ellottiana Pellaea ternifolia Buck, P. 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Elliott bentgrass Bermuda grass Agrostis hymenalis Dactylis glomerata Winter bentgrass Orchard grass Alopecurus caroliniana Digitaria sanguinalis Carolina foxtail Hairy crabgrass Andropogon barbinodis Diplachne fascicularis Cane bluestem Bearded spranglegrass Andropogon gerardi Echinochloa crusgalli Big bluestam Barnyard grass Andropogon saccharoides Elusine indica Silver bluestem Goosegrass Andropogon scoparius Elymus canadensis Little bluestem Canada wildrye Aristida dichotoma Elymus virginicus var. dichotoma Virginia wildrye Churchmouse threeawn Eragrostis capillaris Aristida dichotoma Lacegrass var. curtissii Eragrostis curtipedicellata Curtis threeawn Gummy lovegrass Aristida longiseta Eragrostis hypnoides Red threeawn Teal lovegrass Aristida longespica Eragrostis intermedia Slimspike threeawn Plains lovegrass Aristida oligantha Eragrostis cilianensis Oldfield threeawn Stinkgrass Aristida purpurea Eragrostis oxylepsis Purple threeawn var. oxylepis Aristida wrightii Red lovegrass Wright threeawn Eragrostis oxylepsis Bouteloua curtipendula var. beyrichii Sideoats grama Wichita lovegrass Bouteloua gracilis Eragrostis pectinacea Blue grama Carolina lovegrass Bouteloua hirsute Eragrostis pilosa Hairy grama India lovegrass Bouteloua rigidiseta Eragrostis reptans Texas grama Creeping lovegrass Bromus japonicus Eragrostis sessilispica Japanese brome Tumble lovegrass Bromus arvensis* Eragrostis spectabilis Field brome Purple lovegrass Bromus purgans Eragrostis trichodes Canada brome Sand lovegrass Bromus tectorum Eriochloa contracta Cheatgrass Prairie cutgrass Bromus uniloides Festuca octoflora Rescuegraas Sixweeks fescue Buchloe dactyloides Festuca pratensis Buffalo grass Suiter fescue Cenchrus pauciflorus Festuca versuta Mat sandbur Texas fescue Chloris verticillata Hordeum pusillum Tumble windmillgrass Little barley Chloris virgata Leersia oryzoides Showy chloris Rice grass Cynodon dactylon Leptochloa dubia Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Green sprangletop Poa compressa Leptoloma cognatum Canada bluegrass Fall witchgrass Schedonnardus paniculatus Limnodea arkansana Tumblegrass Ozark grass Setaria geniculata Manisuris cylindrica Knotroot bristlegrass Carolina jointtail Setaria viridis Melica nitens Green bristlegrass Threeflower melic Sorgastrum nutans Muhlenbergia capillaris Indiangrass Hairawn muhly Sorghum halapense Muhlenbergia frondosa Johnson grass Wirestem muhly Spartina pectinata var. suttiei Muhlenbergia racemosa Prairie cordgrass Green muhly Sphenopholis obtusata Panicum agrostoides Prairie wedgescale Redtop panicum Sporobolus airoides Panicum anceps Alkali Sacaton Beaked panicum Sporobolus asper Panicum capillare Tall dropseed Witchgrass Sporobolus cryptandrus Panicum depauperatum Sand dropseed Poor panic grass Sporobolus pyramidatus Panicum dichotomiflorum Whorled dropseed Fall panicum Sporobolus vaginiflorus Panicum lanuginosum var. vaginiflorus Wooly panicum Poverty dropseed Panicum linearifolium Sporobolus vaginiflorus Slimleaf panicum var. neglectus Panicum malacophyllum Puffsheath dropseed Shortleaf panicum Trichachne californica Panicum obtusum Arizona cottontop Vine-mesquite Tridens albescens Panicum obligosanthes White tridens var. scribnerianum Tridens flavus Scribner panicum Purpletop Panicum perlongum Tridens muticus var. muticus Elongate panic grass Slim tridens Panicum philadelphicum Tridens muticus var. elongatus Philadelphia witchgrass Rough tridens Panicum virgatum Tridens pilosus Switchgrass Hairy tridens Paspalum pubiflorum Tridens strictus var. publiflorum Longspike tridens Hairyseed paspalum Tripsacum dactyloides Paspalum publiflorum Eastern gamagrass var. glabrum Uniola latifolia Smoothseed paspalum Broadleaf uniola Paspalum setaceum CYPERACEAE Fringeleaf paspalum Bulbostylis capillaris Phalaris caroliniana Hairsedge Carolina canary grass Carex amphibola Poa annua Narrowleaf sedge Annual bluegrass Carex annectens Poa arachnifera Yellowfruit sedge Texas bluegrass Buck, P. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Carex austrina Eleocharis tenuis Southern sedge Slender spikesedge Carex blanda Fimbristylis spadicea Woodland sedge Plains fimbry Carex festucacea Fimbristylis vahlii Fescue sedge Vahl fimbry Carex frankii Fuirena simplex Frank sedge Western umbrella sedge Carex gravida var. lunellina Hemicarpha micrantha Lunnell sedge Hemicarpha Carex joori Scirpus acutus Hummock sedge Hardstem bulrush Carex microrhyncha Scirpus americanus Littlesnout sedge American bulrush Carex praegracilis Scirpus atrovirens Slender sedge Green bulrush Carex stricta var. elongata Scirpus lacustris Emory sedge Softstem bulrush Carex vulpinoidea Scirpus lineatus Fox sedge Rusty bulrush Cyperus acuminatus Scirpus paludosis Taperleaf flatsedge Alkali bulrush Cyperus aristatus Scirpus pauciflora Bearded flatsedge Fewflower nutrush Cyperus erythrorhizos Redroot flatsedge ARACEAE Arisaema dracontium Cyperus esculentus Chufa Dragonroot or Cyperus filiculmis Jack-in-the-Pulpit Slender flatsedge Cyperus odoratus LEMNACEAE Lemna minor Fragrant flatsedge Cyperus ovularis Duckweed Globe flatsedge Cyperus schweinitzii COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta Schweinitz flatsedge var. angustifolia Cyperus setigerus Narrowleaf Bristled spike flatsedge dayflower Cyperus strigosus Commelina virginica False nut sedge Virginia dayflower Cyperus virens Tradescantia hirsutiflora Green flatsedge Hairyflower spiderwort Eleocharis compressa Tradescantia occidentalis Flatstem spikesedge Prairie spiderwort Eleocharis engelmanii Tradescantia ohiensis Englemann spikesedge Smoothstalk spiderwort Eleocharis macrostachya Tradescantia tharpii Longspike spikesedge Tharp spiderwort Eleocharis montevidensis Sand spikesedge Eleocharis obtusa PONTEDERIACEAE Blunt spikesedge Blue mudplantain Eleocharis parvula Dwarf spikesedge Eleocharis quadrangulata JUNCACEAE Juncos acuminatus Squarestem spikesedge Knotleaf rush Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 9 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Juncus balticus Populus deltoids Baltic rush Cottonwood Juncus interior Salix amygdaloides Inland rush Peachleaf willow Juncus marginatus Salix caroliniana Grassleaf rush Ward's willow Juncus tenuis var. tenuis Salix interior Poverty rush Sandbar willow Juncus tenuis var. dudleyi Salix matsudana* Dudley rush Willow Juncus Salix nigra torreyiTorrey Black willow rush JUGLANDACEAE LILIACEAE Carya cordiformis Allium canadense Bitternut hickory Canada garlic Carya illinoensis Allium drummondii Pecan Drummond onion Juglans nigra Allium stellatum Black walnut Prairie onion Juglans rupestris Androstephium coeruleum Little walnut Blue funnellily Camassia scilloides FAGACEAE Quercus falcate Atlantic camass Erythronium americanum Southern red oak Quercus macrocarpa Fawn lily Nothoscordum bivalve Bur oak Quercus marilandica Yellow false garlic Smilax bona-nox Blackjack oak Quercus mohriana Saw greenbrier Smilax herbacea Mohrs oak Quercus muhlenbergii Carrionflower Smilax rotundifolia Chinquapin oak Quercus rubus borealis Greenbrier var. Smilax tamnoides Red oak Quercus shumardii Bristly greenbrier shumardii Yucca glauca var. Small soapweed Shumard’s oak Quercus shumardii AMARYLLIDACEAE var. schneckii Agave lata Schneck's oak Agave Quercus stellata Zephyranthes brazosensis Post oak Evening start or Rain lily Quercus velutina Black oak IRIDACEAE Quercus virginiana Nemastylis geminiflora Live oak Prairie iris Sisyrinchium angustifolium ULMACEAE Blueeye grass Celtis laevigata Sugar hackberry ORCHIDACEAE Celtis occidentalis Spiranthes cernua Hackberry Nodding ladiestresses Celtis reticulata Netleaf hackberry SALICACEAE Buck, P. 10 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Ulmus americanus Curlytop smartweed American elm Polygonum pensylvanicum Ulmus pumila* Pennsylvania smartweed Chinese elm Polygonum punctatum Ulmus rubra Dotted smartweed Slippery elm Polygonum ramosissimum Bushy knotweed MORACEAE Polygonum scandens Maclura pomifera Hedge cornbind Osage orange Polygonum tenue Morus microphylla Pleatleaf knotweed Texas mulberry Rumex altissimus Morus rubra Pale dock Red mulberry Rumex crispus Morus tatarica* Curly dock Russian mulberry CHENOPODIACEAE URTICACEAE Chenopodium album Boehmeria cylindrica Lambsquarters Smallspike falsenettle Chenopodium hybridum Parietaria pensylvanica var. gigantospermum Pennsylvania pellitory Bigseed goosefoot Chenopodium leptophyllum SANTALACEAE Slimleaf goosefoot Comandra pallida Chenopodium standleyanum Western comandra Standley goosefoot Salsola Kali var. tenuifolia LORANTHACEAE Russian thistle Phoradendron serotinum Monolepis nutalliana Mistletoe Nuttall monolepis ARISTOLOCHIACEAE AMARANTHAECEAE Aristolochia tomentosa Alternanthera repens Wooly dutchmanpipe Mat chaff flower Amaranthus graecizans POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum annum Tumbleweed Amaranthus hybridus Annual wild buckwheat Eriogonum longifolium Slim amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Longleaf wild buckwheat Polygonum aviculare Palmer amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus Prostrate knotweed Polygonum bicorne Redroot amaranth Amaranthus tamarascinus Longstype smartweed Polygonum coccinium Waterhemp Brayulinea densa* Bigroot smartweed Polygonum convolvulus Cottonflower Froelichia floridana Dullseed cornbind Polygonum hydropiper Florida snakecotton Floelichia gracilis Marshpepper smartweed Polygonum hydropiperoides Slender snakecotton Gossypianthus lanuginosus var. hydropiperoides Swamp smartweed Woolly cottonflower Polygonum hydropiperoides Gossypianthus tenuiflorus var. opelousanum Lanceleaf cottonflower Opelousas swamp smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 11 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

NYCTAGINACEAE Anemone decapetala Mirabilis albida Tenpetal anemone Pale umbrella-wort Clematis pitcheri Mirabilis inearis Pitcher clematis Narrowleaf umbrella-wort Delphinium virescens Mirabilis nyctaginea Plains larkspur Heartleaf umbrella-wort BERBERIDACEAE PHYTOLACCACEAE Mahonia aquifolium* Phytolacca americana Barberry Pokeberry MENISPERMACEAE AIZOACEAE Cocculus carolinus Mollugo verticillata Carolina snailseed Green carpetweed Menispermum canadense Moonseed PORTULACACEAE Claytonia virginica PAPAVERACEAE Virginia spring beauty Argemone polyanthemos Portulaca oleracea Prickle poppy Purslane FUMARIACEAE Portulaca parvla Corydalis aurea Shaggy purslane var. occidentalis Portulaca umbraticola Goldon corydalis Wingpod purslane Talinum calycinum CAPPARIDACEAE Cleome serrulata Rockpink Talinum parvifolorum Bee spider flower Cleomella angustifolia Prairie fameflower Talinum rugospermum* Narrowleaf rhombopod Polanisia dodecandra Roughseed fameflower Roughseed CARYOPHYLLACEAE clammywort Arenaria patula Pitcher’s sandwort CRUCIFERAE Arabis missouriensis Arenaria stricta var. texana Texas sandwort Green rockcress Capsella bursa–pastoris Cerastium brachypodum Shortstalk chickweed Shepherdspurse Descurainia pinnata Sagina decumbens Trailing pearlwort Pinnate tansymustard Dithyrea wislizenii Silene antirrhina Sleepy catchfly Wislizen's spectacle pod Draba brachycarpa ILLECEBRACEAE Shortpod draba Paronychia jamesii Draba cuneifolia James nailwort Wedgeleaf draba Paronychia virginica Draba reptans Virginia nailwort Carolina draba Erysimum capitatum CERATOPHYLLACEAE Plains erysimum Ceratophyllum demersum Lepidium oblongum Coontail Veiny pepperwort Lepidium virginicum RANUNCULACEAE Anemone caroliniana Virginia pepperwort Lesquerella auriculata Carolina anemone Earleaf bladderpod Buck, P. 12 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Lesquerella gordonii Chokecherry Gordon bladderpod Rosa foliolosa* Lesquerella gracilis Leafy rose Lax bladderpod Rosa multiflora* Lesquerella ovalifolia Multiflora rose var. alba Rubus aboriginum Roundleaf bladderpod Northern dewberry Nasturtium officinale Rubus idaeus Watercress Red raspberry Rorippa islandica Rubus louisanus Bog marshcress Louisiana Rorippa sessilifolia blackberry Stalkless yellowcress Rubus occidentalis Sibara virginica Blackcap raspberry Virginia rockcress Rubus trivialis Lowbush blackberry CRASSULACEAE Spiraea arguta* Sedum nuttallianum Spirea Yellow stonecrop Spirea cantoniensis* Sedum pulchellum Spirea Texas stonecrop Spirea vanhouttei* Spirea SAXIFRAGACEAE Ribes odoratum LEGUMINOSAE Clove current Acacia angustissima Prairie acacia ROSACEAE Amorpha canescens Argimonia parviflora Leadplant Mayflower grovebur Amorpha fruticosa Amelanchier arborea Indigobush amorpha Service berry Amorpha microphylla* Crataegus crus-galli Smallleaf amorpha Cockspur hawthorn Amorpha nana* Crataegus engelmannii Fragrant false indigo Engelmann hawthorn Apios americana Crataegus reverchonii Groundnut Reverchon hawthorn Astragalus crassicarpus Geum canadense Groundplum milkvetch White avens Astragalus lindheimeri Geum virginiana* Lindheimer milkvetch Bristly avens Astragalus plattensis Potentilla arguta Platte milkvetch Cinquefoil Baptisia australis minor Prunus americana var. Blue wild indigo American plum Baptisia leucophaea Prunus angustifolia Plains wild indigo Chickasaw plum Baptisia sphaerocarpa Prunus armeniaca* Golden wild indigo Apricot Cassia fasciculate Prunus persica Showy partridgepea Peach Cassia marilandica Prunus gracilis Wild senna Oklahoma plum Cercis canadensis Prunus mexicana Redbud Mexican plum Clitoria mariana Prunus virginiana Atlantic pigeonwings

Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 13 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Colutea arborescens* White prairie clover Bladder senna Petalostemum multiflorum Crotalaria sagittalis Roundtop prairie clover Arrow crotalaria Petalostemum purpureum Dalea aurea Purple prairie clover Siltop aurea Petalostemum tenuifolium Dalea enneandra Slimleaf prairie clover Bigtop dalea Prosopis juliflora Dalea purpurea Mesquite Purple prairie-clover Psoralea cuspidata Desmanthus illinoensis Tallbread scurfpea bundleflower Psoralea esculenta Desmodium ciliare Indian breadroot Littleleaf tickclover Psoralea lineariflolia Desmodium glutinosum Slimleaf scurfpea Sticky tickclover Psoralea tenuiflora Desmodium nudiflorum Wild alfalfa Barestem tickclover Robinia pseudoacacia Desmodium paniculatum Black locust Panicled tickclover Shrankia uncinata Desmodium sessilisovium Catclaw sensitive brier Sessile tickclover Strophostyles helvola Galactia volubilis Trailing wildbean Downy milkpea Strophostyles leiosperma Gleditsia triacanthos Slickseed wildbean Honeylocust Stylosanthes riparia Glycyrrhiza lepidota Endbeak pencilflower American licorice Trifolium reflexum Gymnocladus dioica Buffalo clover Kentucky coffee tree Vicia ludoviciana Hoffmanseggia densiflora Louisiana vetch Indian rushpea Vicia sparsifolia Indigofera miniata Stiffleaf vetch var. leptosepala Coast indigo GERANIACEAE Geranium carolinianum Krameria secundiflora Trailing ratany Carolina geranium Erodium cicutarium Lespedeza capitata Roundhead lespedeza Storksbill Lespedeza intermedia Intermediate lespedeza OXALIDACEAE Lespedeza procumbens Oxalis stricta Oxalis Trailing lespedeza Oxalis violacea Lespedeza virginica Slender lespedeza Violet woodsorrel Lotus americanus LINACEAE Deervetch Linum hudsonioides Melilotus alba Tufted flax White sweet clover Linum rigidum Melilotus officianalis Stiffstem flax Yellow sweet clover Linum sulcatum Neptunea lutea Grooved flax Yellow neptunea Oxytropis lamberti ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Stemless loco Tribulus terrestris Petalostemum candidum Buck, P. 14 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Puncturevine Carolina leafflower Phyllanthus polygonoides RUTACEAE Knotweed leafflower Ptelea trifoliate Stillingia sylvatica Wafer ash Queen's delight Tragia ramose SIMAROUBACEAE Branching noseburn Ailanthus altissima* Tree-of-Heaven CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche heterophylla POLYGALACEAE Polygala alba Larger waterstar wort White milkwort Polygala verticillata ANACARDIACEAE Whorled milkwort Rhus aromatica Skunkbush EUPHORBIACEAE Rhus copallina Acalypha gracilens Flameleaf sumac Slender copperleaf Rhus glabra Acalypha ostryaefolia Smooth sumac Hophornbeam copperleaf Rhus toxicodendron Croton capitatus Poison ivy Woolly croton Croton glandulosus CELASTRACEAE Tropic croton Celastrus scandens Croton lindheimerianus American Bittersweet Threeseed croton Euonymus atropurpureus Croton monanthogynus Eastern wahoo Oneseed croton Euonymus europaeus* Croton texensis European spindle-tree Texas croton ACERACEAE Euphorbia commutata Acer saccharinum* Tinted euphorbia Silver maple Euphorbia corollata Acer saccharum Flowering spurge Sugar maple Euphorbia dentata HIPPOSCASTANACEAE Toothed euphorbia Aesculus glabra Euphorbia glyptosperma Ohio buckeye Ridgeseed euphorbia Euphorbia hexagona SAPINDACEAE Six-angle euphorbia Sapindus drummondii* Euphorbia marginata Western soapberry Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia missourica RHAMNACEAE Ceanothus herbaceus Missouri euphorbia pubescens Euphorbia nutans var. Spotted euphorbia Fuzzy ceanothus Rhamnus frangula* Euphorbia obtusata Roughpor euphorbia Alder buckthorn Euphorbia prostrata VITACEAE Prostrate euphorbia Ampelopsis cordata Euphorbia spathulata Heartleaf ampelopsis Warty euphorbia Cissus incisa Euphorbia supina Ivy treebine Milk purslane Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phyllanthus caroliniensis Virginia creeper Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 15 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Vitis aestivalis CACTACEAE Summer grape Echinocereus baileyi Vitis cinerea Wichita pin cushion Sweet grape Echinocereus reichenbachii Vitis palmata Lace echinocereus Cat grape Opuntia compressa Vitis rotundifolia Prickly pear Muscadine grape Vitis rupestris LYTHRACEAE Ammannia auriculata Sand grape Vitis vulpine Earleaf ammannia Ammannia coccinea Riverbank grape Purple ammannia MALVACEAE Lagerstroemia indica* Callirhoe involucrata Crape myrtle Low poppymallow Lythrum alatum Callirhoe leiocarpa Winged lythrum Tall poppymallow Hibiscus syriacus* ONAGRACEAE Gaura biennis pitcheri Rose of Sharon var. Sphaeralcea coccinea Pitcher gaura Gaura coccinea Scarlet mallow Scarlet gaura GUTTIFERAE Gaura parviflora Hypericum drummondii Smallflower gaura Nits and lice Gaura sinuata Hypericum mutilum Wavyleaf gaura Dwarf St. John's wort Guara suffulta Roadside gaura TAMARICACEAE Gaura tripetala Tamarix hispida* var. triangulata Kashgar tamarisk Three petal gaura Tamarix odessana* Jussiaea decurrens Tamarisk Wingleaf water primrose Tamarix pentandra* Jussiaea peploides Tamarisk var. glabrescens Smooth water primrose CISTACEAE Ludwigia alternifolia Lechea tenuifolia bushy boxseed Narrowleaf pinwheel Ludwigia palustris Marsh boxseed VIOLACEAE Oenothera biennis Hybanthus verticillatus Evening primrose Whorled nodviolet Oenothera heterophylla Viola missouriensis Varileaf evening primrose Missouri violet Oenothera jamesii Viola papilionacea Trumpet evening primrose Butterfly violet Oenothera laciniata Viola rafinesquii var. laciniata Johnny-jump-up Cutleaf evening primrose Oenothera laciniata LOASACEAE grandiflora Mentzelia oligosperma var. Chickthief Largeflowered cutleaf evening primrose Oenothera linifolia Mentzelia stricta Sandlily Threadleaf sundrops

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Oenothera macrocarpa CORNACEAE var.macrocarpa Cornus drummondii Ozark sundrops Roughleaf dogwood Oenothera macrocarpa var. incana Cornus florida* Gray sundrops Flowering dogwood Oenothera missouriensis Missouri evening primrose PRIMULACEAE Androsace occidentalis Oenothera serrulata Halfshrub sundrops Western rockjasmine Dodecatheon meadia Oenothera speciosa Showy sundrops Shooting star Samolus parviflorus Oenothera triloba Stemless evening primrose Thinleaf brookweed Stenosiphon virgatus False gaura SAPOTACEAE Bumelia lanuginosa HALORAGACEAE Woollybucket bumelia Myriophyllum brasiliensis EBENACEAE Parrot feather Diospyros virginiana Myriophyllum exalbescens Parrot feather Persimmon

UMBELLIFERAE OLEACEAE Ammoselinum butleri Forsythia suspensa fortunei* Butler sandparsley var. Ammoselinum popei Golden bells Fraxinus americana Plains sandparlsey Chaerophyllum tainturieri White ash dasycarpum Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. pennsylvanica Hairyfruit chervil var. Cicuta maculata Red ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Spotted water hemlock subintegerrima Daucus carota* var. Green ash Wild carrot Fraxinus velutina* Daucus pusillus Arizona ash Southwestern carrot Jasminum nudiflorum* Eryngium diffusum Jasmine Bushy eryngo Ligustrum amurense* Eryngium leavenworthii Privet Leavenworth eryngo Ligustrum vulgare* Limnosciadum pinnatum Arkansas dogshade Privet Lomatium daucifolium GENTIANACEAE Carrotleaf lomatium Sabatia angularis Polytaenia nuttallii Squarestem rosegentium Prairie parsley Sabatia campestris Ptilimnium nuttallii Prairie rosegentian Nuttall mockbishop Sanicula canadensis APOCYNACEAE Canada sanic1e Amsonia ciliata texana Spermolepis divaricata var. Texas slimpod Forked scaleseed Amsonia tabernaemontana Spermolepis echinata Willow slimpod Bristly scaleseed Apocynum cannabinium var. glaberrimum Hemp dogbane Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 17 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

ASCLEPIADACEAE Lithospermum incisum Asclepias asperula Narrowleaf var. decumbens Gromwell Trailing milkweed Myosotis macrosperma Asclepias latifolia Southern Broadleaf milkweed forget-me-not Asclepias pumila Myosotis verna Plains milkweed Forget-me-not Asclepias stenophylla Onosmodium molle Slimleaf milkweed Marbleseed Asclepias sullivantii Sullivant milkweed VERBENACEAE Phyla cuneifolia Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly milkweed Wedgeleaf Asclepias verticillata fogfruit Phyla incisa Whorled milkweed Asclepias viridiflora Sawtooth fogfruit Verbena bipinnatifida Green acerates Asclepias viridis Dakota verbena Verbena bracteata Green antelope horn Bigbract verbena CONVOLVULACEAE Verbena canadensis Convolvulus arvensis Rose verbena Small bindweed Verbena pumila Convolvulus incanus Pink verbena Gray bindweed Verbena stricta Cuscuta coryli Woolly verbena Hazel dodder Verbena urticifolia Cuscuta gronovii White verbena Gronovius dodder Vitex agnus-castus* Cuscuta indecora Chaste tree Showy dodder Cuscuta cuspidata LABIATAE Hedeoma drummondii Cusp dodder Evolvulus nuttallianus Drummond hedeoma Hedeoma hispida Silver evolvulus Ipomoea shumardiana Rough hedeoma Lamium amplexicaule Narrowleaf morning glory Henbit POLEMONIACEAE Lycopus americanus Gilia rubra American bugleweed Texasplume Monarda citriodora Phlox pilosa Lemon beebalm Downy phlox Monarda clinopodioides Basil beebalm HYDROPHYLLACEAE Monarda fistulosa Nama hispidum Shrubby beebalm Rough nama Monarda punctata Phacelia congesta Spotted beebalm Spike phacelia Nepeta cataria Phacelia hirsuta Catnip Hairy phacelia Salvia azurea var. grandiflora Azure sage BORAGINACEAE Salvia reflexa Lithospermum arvense Lanceleaf sage Corn Gromwell Scutellaria drummondii

Buck, P. 18 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Drummond skullcap Cobaea penstemon Scutellaria resinosa Penstemon oklahomensis Resindot skullcap Oklahoma penstemon Scutellaria wrightii Penstemon tubaeflorus Wright skullcap Tube panstemon Teucrium canadense Scrophularia lanceolata American germander Narrowleaf figwort Teucrium laciniatum Veronica arvensis Cutleaf germander Speedwell Trichostema brachiatum Veronica peregrina Fluxweed Purslane speedwell Verbascum thapsus SOLANACEAE Flannel mullein Physalis lobata Purple groundcherry BIGNONIACEAE Physalis virginiana Catalpa speciosa var. sonorae Catalpa Virginia groundcherry Chilopsis linearis* Physalis viscosa Desert willow var. cinerascens Beach groundcherry MARTYNIACEAE Proboscidea louisianica Physalis viscosa var. mollis Field groundcherry Unicorn plant Solanum carolinense LENTIBULARIACEAE Carolina horsenettle Utricularia biflora Solanum citrullifolium* Bladderwort Watermelon leaved solanum Utricularia vulgaris Solanum elaegnifolium Silverleaf nightshade Bladderwort Solanum rostratum ACANTHACEAE Buffalobur Justicia americana Solanum torreyi Justicia Torrey horsenettle Ruellia humilis Low ruellia SCROPHULARIACEAE Ruellia pedunculata Bacopa rotundifolia Disc waterhyssop Stalked ruellia Castilleja citrina PHRYMACEAE Citron paintbrush Phryma leptostachya Castilleja sessiliflora Lopseed Downy paintbrush Collinsia violacea aristata Violet collinsia Gratiola virginiana Bottlebrush plantain Plantago elongata Virginia hedgehyssop Leucospora multifida Elongate plantain Plantago purshii var. purshii Narrowleaf conobea Slender plantain Linaria canadensis var. texana Plantago purshii var. spinulosa Oldfield toadflax Bristlebract plantain Lindernia anagallidea Plantago rhodosperma C1asping False-pimpernel Redseed plantain Lindernia dubia Plantago virginica Yellowseed false-pimpernel Paleseed plantain Penstemon albidus Plantago wrightiana White penstemon Wright plantain Penstemon cobea

Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 19 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

RUBIACEAE Specularia leptocarpa Cephalanthus occidentalis Slimpod venus-looking glass Buttonbush Specularia perfoliata Diodia teres var. setifera Clasping venus-looking glass Rough buttonweed Galium aparine LOBELIACEAE Lobelia appendiculata Catchweed bedstraw Galium pilosum Earflower lobelia Lobelia cardinalis Hairy bedstraw Galium texense Cardinal flower Lobelia spicata Texas bedstraw Galium triflorum Palespike lobelia Fragrant bedstraw Galium virgatum COMPOSITAE Achillea lanulosa Southwest bedstraw Hedyotis crassifolia Western yarrow Achillea millefolium Tiny bluet Hedyotis nigricans Yarrow Agoseris cuspidate Narrowleaf bluet Hedyotis purpurea Wavyleaf agoseris Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. longifolia Purple bluet Ragweed Ambrosia psilostachys CAPRIFOLIACEAE Western ragweed Ambrosia trifida Lonicera japonica* Honeysuckle Giant ragweed Antennaria plantaginifolia Lonicera tatarica* Tatarian honeysuckle Plantain-leaf pussy toes Aphanostephus pilosus Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry Hairy dozedaisy Viburnum prunifolium Aphanostephus ramosissimus var. ferrugineum Plains dozedaisy Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Rusty blackhaw Arkansas dozedaisy VALERIANACEAE carruthii Valerianella radiata Carruth sagewort var. radiata Artemisia filifolia Beaked cornsalad Figleaf sagewort Valerianella radiata Artemisia glauca var. parviflora False terragon sagewort Narrowcell Artemisia ludoviciana cornsalad var. ludoviciana Louisiana sagewort CUCURBITACEAE Artemisia ludoviciana Cucurbita foetidissima var. mexicana Buffalo gourd American sagewort Cyclanthera dissectra Artemisia serrata* Cutleaf cyclanthera Sawtooth sagewort Ibervillea lindheimeri Aster communtatus* Lindheimer globeberry Cluster aster Melothria pendula Aster ericoides Drooping me1onette Heath aster Aster fendleri CAMPANULACEAE Specularia biflora Fendler aster Aster oblongifolius Small venus-looking glass Aromatic aster

Buck, P. 20 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Aster patens Erigeron strigosus Skydrop aster Prairie fleabane Aster subulatus Eupatorium serotinum Awl shaped aster Late eupatorium Baccharis salicina Evax multicaulis Willow groundsel-tree Manystem evax Berlandiera texana Evax prolifera Texas greeneyes Bighead evax Bidens cernua Gaillardia pulchella Nodding beggarticks Rosering gaillardia Bidens frondosa Gaillardia suavis Devil’s beggarticks Sweet gaillardia Centaurea americana Gnaphalium chilense Basketflower Cottonbatting cudweed Chaetopappa asteroides Gnaphalium purpureum Least daisy Purple cudweed Chrysopsis pilosa Gnaphalium wrightii Soft goldaster Wright cudweed Chrysopsis villosa var. villosa Grindelia squarrosa Hairy goldaster var. squarrosa Chrysopsis villosa Curlycup gumweed var. canescens Grindelia squarrosa Hairy goldaster var. nuda Chrysopsis villosa Rayless gumweed var. stenophylla Gutierrezia dracunculoides Narrowleaf goldaster Broom weed Cirsium ochrocentrum Gutierrezia sarothrae* Yellowspine thistle Broom snakeweed Cirsium undulatum Haplopappus ciliatus Wavyleaf thistle Wax goldenweed Conyza canadensis Haplopappus spinulosis Horseweed fleabane Cutleaf goldonweed Conyza ramoisissima Helenium amarum var. amarum Conyza Bitter sneezeweed Coreopsis grandiflora Helenium amarum var. badium var. longipes Basin sneezeweed Bigflower coreopsis Helenium autumnale Coreopsis lanceolata Sneezeweed var. villosa Helenium flexuosum Lanceleaf coreopsis Flexuous sneezeweed Coreopsis tinctoria Helenium microcephalum Plains coreopsis Smallhead sneezeweed Dyssodia tagetioides Helianthus annuus Marigold dogweed Annual sunflower Echinacea angustifolia Helianthus hirsutus Black sampson Hairy sunflower Echinacea pallida Helianthus laetiflorus Pale purple coneflower Stiff sunflower Eclipta alba Helianthus maximilani Yerba de tajo Maximilian sunflower Englemannia pinnatifida Helianthus petiolaris Engelmann daisy Prairie sunflower Erigeron bellidiastrum Hieracium longipilum Western fleabane Longbeard hawkseed Erigeron divergens Hymenopappus scabiosaeus Spreading fleabane Flattop woollywhite Buck, P. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 21 Volume 2, Number 1, December 2002

Hymenopappus tenuifolius Missouri goldenrod Chalkhill woollywhite Solidago mollis Hymenoxys linearifolia Ashy goldenrod Fineleaf actinea Solidago petiolaris Hymenoxys scaposa var. linearis Downy goldenrod Plains actinea Solidago radula Iva ciliata Rough goldenrod Seacoast sumpweed Taraxacum officinale Krigia dandelion Dandelion Tuber dwarf dandelion Thelesperma ambiguum Krigia oppositifolia Colorado greenthread Weedy dwarf dandelion Thelesperma filifolium Kuhnia eupatorioides Plains greenthread var. corymbulosa Thelesperma megapotamicum Plains kuhnia Rayless greenthread Lactuca canadensis Townsendia excapa Canada lettuce Stemless Townsendia Lactuca pulchella* Tragopogon major Chickory lettuce Yellow goat's beard Lactuca scariola Verbescina virginica Prickly lettuce White crownbeard Liatris aspera Vernonia baldwinii Rough gayfeather Baldwin ironweed Liatris punctata Vernonia missurica Dotted gayfeather Missouri ironweed Liatris scariosa Xanthisma texanum Tall gayfeathcr Texas Palafoxia texana sleepydaisyXanthium Texas palafoxia strumarium Pluchea camphorata Cocklebur Camphor pluchea Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Editor’s note: Carolina false-dandelion This paper, written in 1977, was originally distributed by the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge as an Pyrrhopappus scaposus informational handout but never published. Scientific Tuber false-dandelion Ratisida columnifera names that were originally underlined have been italicized and species epithets derived from a person’s Upright prairie coneflower Rudbeckia hirta name are not capitalized as they were in the original work to abide with current taxonomic practice. The Blackeyed susan Santolina chamaecyparissus author emphasizess that there is a great need to update * this twenty-five year old floristic list and, together with Lavender cotton WMWR, encourages new research on this site. Senecio plattensis

Prairie groundsel Senecio riddellii Riddell groundsel Silphium asteriscus Sand rosinweed Silphium laciniatum Compass plant Solidago bootii* Boot goldenrod Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla November goldenrod Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculate Buck, P.