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Fishing for a Solution: Canada's Fisheries Relations with The University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2014 Fishing for a Solution: Canada’s Fisheries Relations with the European Union, 1977–2013 Barry, Donald; Applebaum, Bob; Wiseman, Earl University of Calgary Press Barry, D., Applebaum, B. & Wiseman, E. "Fishing for a Solution: Canada’s Fisheries Relations with the European Union, 1977–2013". Beyond boundaries: Canadian defence and strategic studies series; 5. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/50142 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca FISHING FOR A SOLUTION: CANADA’S FISHERIES RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION, 1977–2013 Donald Barry, Bob Applebaum, and Earl Wiseman ISBN 978-1-55238-779-5 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence. This means that you are free to copy, distribute, display or perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to its authors and publisher, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form, and that you in no way alter, transform, or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without our express permission. If you want to reuse or distribute the work, you must inform its new audience of the licence terms of this work. For more information, see details of the Creative Commons licence at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ UNDER THE CREATIVE UNDER THE CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE YOU COMMONS LICENCE YOU MAY: MAY NOT: • read and store this document • gain financially from the work in any way; free of charge; • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution • distribute it for personal use of the work; free of charge; • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind; • print sections of the work for • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work; personal use; • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception • read or perform parts of the of academic usage within educational institutions such as work in a context where no schools and universities); financial transactions take • reproduce, distribute, or store the cover image outside of its place. function as a cover of this work; • alter or build on the work outside of normal academic scholarship. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the wording around open access used by Australian publisher, re.press, and thank them for giving us permission to adapt their wording to our policy http://www.re-press.org APPENDIX I: MAP OF NAFO CONVENTION AREA Source: Fisheries and Oceans Canada 125 APPENDIX II: MEMBERS OF NAFO Current members Canada (1978) Cuba (1978) Denmark, on behalf of the Faroe Islands and Greenland (1979) European Union (1978) France, on behalf of St. Pierre and Miquelon (1996) Iceland (1978) Japan (1980) South Korea (1993) Norway (1978) Russian Federation (1992) Ukraine (1999) United States (1995) Former members Bulgaria (1979–2006) Estonia (1992–1994, joined the EU) Latvia (1992–2004, joined the EU) Lithuania (1992–1994, joined the EU) Poland (1979–2004, joined the EU) Romania (1979–2002) Portugal (1979–1986, joined the EU) Spain (1983–1986, joined the EU) East Germany (1978–1990, joined the EU following reunification of Germany) Soviet Union (1978–1991, succeeded by the Russian Federation) Source: Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization 127 TABLE I 130 TABLE I Comparison of EU Unilateral Quotas, EU NAFO Quotas, and EU Catches Reported to NAFO for NAFO Groundfish Stocks and 2J3KL Cod for 1986–1992 (Quantities in Tonnes) 1986 1987 1988 EU EU EU EU EU Catch EU EU Catch EU EU Catch NAFO Unilateral Reported NAFO Unilateral Reported NAFO Unilateral Reported Stock Quota Quota to NAFO Quota Quota to NAFO Quota Quota to NAFO 3M Cod 6,465 7,500 11,079 6,465 7,500 6,441 0 0 562 3NO Cod 12,345 26,400 30,285 12,345 26,400 19,896 14,750 26,400 19,816 3M Redfish 3,100 11,571 3,100 22,648 3,100 12,000 7,247 3LN Redfish 0 23,388 0 28,179 0 20,000 12,722 FISHING FOR A SOLUTION 3M American Plaice 350 2,789 350 5,106 350 3,000 2,549 3LNO American Plaice 700 21,122 610 16,992 510 9,000 9,831 3LNO Yellowtail 300 5,887 300 1,183 300 5,000 3,205 3NO Witch 0 3,788 0 2,954 0 4,000 2,888 3+4 Squid NS1 25,000 NS1 25,000 NS1 25,000 3NO Capelin 375 375 250 250 Totals 23,260 58,900 109,909 23,545 59,275 103,399 19,260 104,650 58,820 2J3KL Cod 0 68,5602 60,446 0 76,4002 33,607 0 84,000 26,559 131 Grand Totals 23,260 127,4603 170,355 23,545 135,6753 137,006 19,260 188,650 85,379 Table I 132 TABLE I (CONT’D) Comparison of EU Unilateral Quotas, EU NAFO Quotas, and EU Catches Reported to NAFO for NAFO Groundfish Stocks and 2J3KL Cod for 1986–1992 (Quantities in Tonnes) 1989 1990 EU EU EU Catch EU EU EU Catch NAFO Unilateral Reported to NAFO Unilateral Reported to Stock Quota Quota NAFO Quota Quota NAFO 3M Cod 0 0 548 0 0 638 3NO Cod 9,220 26,400 18,817 6,860 7,000 6,825 3M Redfish 3,100 12,000 13,225 7,750 12,000 13,672 3LN Redfish 0 20,000 6,344 0 6,000 7,311 FISHING FOR A SOLUTION 3M American Plaice 350 3,000 3,404 350 500 461 3LNO American Plaice 385 6,820 11,492 317 500 650 3LNO Yellowtail 100 1,670 1,131 100 200 130 3NO Witch 0 4,000 1,990 0 1,200 1,411 3+4 Squid NS1 25,000 350 NS1 NS1 3NO Capelin 700 700 750 750 Totals 13,855 99,590 57,301 16,127 28,150 31,098 2J3KL Cod 0 58,4004 35,595 0 32,000 23,759 133 Grand Totals 13,855 157,990 92,896 16,127 60,150 54,857 Table I 134 TABLE I (CONT’D) Comparison of EU Unilateral Quotas, EU NAFO Quotas, and EU Catches Reported to NAFO for NAFO Groundfish Stocks and 2J3KL Cod for 1986–1992 (Quantities in Tonnes) 1991 1992 EU EU EU EU Catch EU EU Catch NAFO Unilateral Reported to NAFO Unilateral Reported to Stock Quota Quota NAFO Quota Quota NAFO 3M Cod 6,465 6,465 4,280 6,465 6,465 6,421 3NO Cod 5,016 5,016 6,511 5,016 5,016 2,377 3M Redfish 7,750 7,750 10,502 6,665 6,665 6,845 3LN Redfish 0 6,000 11,201 476 6,000 4,148 3M American Plaice 350 350 1,603 350 350 704 3LNO American Plaice 328 328 973 328 328 605 FISHING FOR A SOLUTION 3LNO Yellowtail 140 140 246 140 140 122 3NO Witch 0 1,000 1,100 0 1,000 586 3+4 Squid NS1 NS1 NS1 NS1 3NO Capelin 750 750 750 750 Totals 20,799 27,799 36,416 20,190 26,714 21,808 2J3KL Cod 0 27,000 23,512 0 26,300 7,523 Grand Totals 20,799 54,799 59,928 20,190 53,014 29,331 1. Quota to the EU was not specified 2. Includes 9,500t of 2J3KL cod allocated by Canada to the EU under the Canada-EU Long Term Fisheries Agreement. 3. The EU did not set unilateral quotas for all stocks. 4. Amended by the EU in July 1989. Set initially at 84,000t. Based on reports from the European Commission, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the 135 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Table I NOTES INTRODUCTION where it is found in documents and statements from the pre-1993 era. 1 Quoted in Elizabeth Brubaker, 4 Barbara Johnson, “Canadian “Unnatural Disaster: How Foreign Policy and Fisheries,” in Politics Destroyed Canada’s Barbara Johnson and Mark Zacher, Atlantic Groundfisheries,” in eds., Canadian Foreign Policy and Terry Lee Anderson, ed., Political the Law of the Sea (Vancouver: Environmentalism (Stanford: University of British Columbia Hoover Institution Press, 2000), Press, 1977), 52–99; Christian 164. Lequesne, “Fisheries Policy: 2 Brubaker, “Unnatural Disaster,” Letting the Little Ones Go?” in 164–65. Helen Wallace, William Wallace 3 The European Union (EU) was and Mark A. Pollack, eds., Policy- known as the European Economic Making in the European Union, 5th Community (EEC), or simply ed.
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