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8 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK in Order to Discuss
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In order to discuss and analyse the research, this chapter provides several essential theories needed about Scrabble, Zyzzyva, and Morphology. 2.1 SCRABBLE This section will introduce more about Scrabble to give readers deeper view and insight. Furthermore, this section will be discussing the history of Scrabble, explaining the game details, and finally elaborating the rules of playing the game. 2.1.1 The History of Scrabble Alfred Mosher Butts, an out-of-work architect from Poughkeepsie, New York, invented Scrabble during the Great Depression. Butts divided games into three categories: number games (dice and bingo), move games (chess and checkers), and word games (anagrams). He enjoyed anagrams and crosswords a lot that he created a game with both feature and named it LEXIKO, the game was later called CRISS CROSS WORDS (National Scrabble Association, 2012). 8 9 Figure 2.1 Alfred Mosher Butts Originally, the game was played by forming words using letter tiles and placing them on a crossword-concept board, the length of the word determined the score. After Burr studied the letter occurrence on the front page of the New York Times, the point of each letter tile was valued based on the frequency of the letters appeared in that newspaper (Halpern & Wai, 2007). 10 Figure 2.2 Criss Cross Words,an early version of Scrabble game Butts’ invention has been rejected by several established game manufactures until he met James Brunot, a game-loving entrepreneur who liked the concept and the idea of the game. They both finally made some refinements on the rules and the name SCRABBLE was created. -
Scrabble Tips by Mike Baron ©2007
Editor’s Note: Mike Baron has been involved in organized competitive Scrabble since 1980, the year he provided the first of what has since been called THE CHEAT SHEET, used by players worldwide. He has written extensively on the game, having authored a number of articles and books, including Scrabble® Wordbook. A member of the National Scrabble Association’s first Advisory Board, and a “Johnny Appleseed” ambassador for the game, he was instrumental in helping forge the first World Scrabble Championship and School Scrabble program. He states the best play he ever made in Scrabble was proposing to his wife Pamina Deutsch, who he met at the 1988 National Championship, on a Scrabbleboard. She did not challenge his play, finding it “acceptable." They live in Corrales, New Mexico. Scrabble Tips By Mike Baron ©2007 “We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.” George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950 1. Philosophy toward the game from The SCRABBLE Wordbook: “Here is my unsolicited advice about Scrabble: Follow your passion, enjoy the game, and the people you meet through this wonderful, crazy enterprise. On average you will have 13 turns per game. Consider each turn a riddle to solve or question to answer, where the question is along the lines of: ‘Given this rack, this board, my opponent’s last play, the present score, and my present word knowledge, what is my best play?’ On my 13 turns, I aspire to go 10-3 or better, in terms of best play selections. Realize, too, that there will be better plays possible that are not in your present word arsenal. -
The Scrabble Player's Handbook Is Available for Free Download At
The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available for free download at www.scrabbleplayershandbook.com 1 Contents Introduction 3 Meet The Team 5 What's Different About Competitive Scrabble? 10 How To Play Good Scrabble 11 The Words 14 What Is Scrabble? 16 Scoring Well 21 Understanding Rack Leaves 32 Word Learning 35 The First Move 46 Tile Tracking 50 Time Management 54 Exchanging 58 Phoneys 64 Set-Ups 65 Open and Closed Boards 68 The Endgame 75 Playing Style 85 How To Play Amazing Scrabble 94 The Luck Element 98 The Game Behind The Game 99 Starting Out in Competitive Play 101 Quackle 103 Zyzzyva 109 Internet Scrabble Club 115 Aerolith 117 Scrabble by Phone 119 Books 121 Scrabble Variants 123 Scrabble Around The World 125 Playing Equipment 127 Glossary 128 Appendix 133 Rules Governing Word Inclusion 133 Two-letter words 137 Three-letter words 140 SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A. by Hasbro Inc., in Canada by Hasbro Canada Inc. and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Ltd. of Maidenhead SL6 4UB, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro or Hasbro Canada. The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available free of charge. There is no copyright on the contents and readers are encouraged to distribute the book in PDF or printed form to all who would benefit from it. Please respect our work by retaining the footer on every page and by refraining from reproducing any part of this book for financial gain. -
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97 The bi-monthly magazine of the 7 APRIL 8 APRIL CCAALLEENNDDAARR OOFF EEVVEENNTTSS 7 APRIL A P R IL ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH A quick reference to forthcoming events SCRABBLE PLAYERS (fuller list and details inside) Apr 18th Brighton (6) Jim Lyes 01273 813006 Apr 24th Newcastle (5) Viv Beckmann 0191 273 1705 Apr 24th Southend (6) Evelyn Wallace 01702 302569 Apr 30th-May 2nd Rhein, Germany (14+) Karl Khoshnaw +49 5541 954794 May 1st-2nd Scottish Championships (12) Amy Byrne 0191 273 1705 May 2nd MSO Cambridge (6) Helen Latchem 01223 440642 May 9th Bourne (6) Betty Benton 01778 425234 No 95 APRIL 2004 May 9th Newport (5) Terry Jones 01633 775313 May 16th Bournemouth (7) Ruth Marsden 01202 707148 Deadline for next issue 7th May May 29th-31st Stoke Rochford (18) Christina French 01708 701578 June 6th Melton Mowbray (5) Maureen Rayson 01664 563330 Scrabbling to be on TV Jun 13th Peterlee (5) Samantha Beckwith 0191 586 6436 Jun 26th Luton (6) June Edwards 01908 679041 “Did you see how well my mate Clive did?“ Yes, it's always good to see our Scrabbling chums on TV, especially when they are doing well, like Clive Spate on Millionaire and July 24th Lincoln (6) Teresa Hill 01427 838741 Stewart Holden on Countdown. We get the chance to bask in a little reflected glory. And now there’s another opportunity for The National Scrabble Champion- Scrabblers to appear on screen coming up soon. ships and the National Scrabble Club Josh Whitehead is a journalist who is working Tournament will take place this year, on a Scrabble documentary for Channel 4 inspired by the best-selling book Word Freak. -
IV.C. Managing Tiles
NASPA Official Tournament Rules NASPA Official Tournament Rules Effective: June 27, 2012 Revised: June 16, 2012 Supersedes: June 5, 2011 Dallas • Toronto Copyright © 2012 North American Word Game Players Association All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. NASPA PO BOX 12115 Dallas, TX 75225-0115 [email protected] www.scrabbleplayers.org Fourth edition: June 2012 The North American Word Game Players Association (NAWGPA) is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit corporation incorporated in the State of Texas. It does business as under the registered DBA “North American SCRABBLE Players Association” (NASPA). HASBRO is the owner of the registered SCRABBLE® trademark in the United States and Canada, which is used by NAW- GPA under license. This book is typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro 12/15 with headings in Gill Sans Bold. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America Acknowledgments These updated June 2012 rules were compiled, reviewed, and agreed upon by the North American SCRABBLE Players Association Rules Committee. Members who provided signifi- cant input to this revision included Jan Cardia (DE) [chair], Paul Epstein (MI), Diane Firstman (NY), Chris Lipe (NY), Mark Milan (CA), Allen Pengelly (ON), Dan Stock (OH), Michael Thelen (UT), Ron Tiekert (FL), and Dave Wiegand (OR). The rulebook was redesigned in 2012 by the Publications Committee, including John Chew (ON), Kristen Chew (ON), and Alice Ching-Chew (ON). -
The 2014 National School Scrabble Championship Rules
THE 2014 NATIONAL SCHOOL SCRABBLE CHAMPIONSHIP RULES UPDATED 1/30/14 INTRODUCTION Students play in teams of two. All teams play seven games. No teams will be eliminated before the final championship game. The games are timed with digital clocks, which will be provided, and each team has a total of 25 minutes per game in which to make all of its plays before incurring an overtime penalty. At the start of the tournament, teams are seeded based on ratings from the North American SCRABBLE® Players Association (NASPA) and School SCRABBLE® tournaments, if applicable. After the first game, teams are paired with other teams that have similar win-loss records. SETUP Confirm that there are 100 tiles in the bag before beginning. To determine which team will play first, each team selects a tile. The rank of order of the tiles is as follows: blank, A, B, C, etc. The team going first draws seven tiles from the bag and places them on its rack. Then the second team does the same. Once the first team has viewed a tile, its clock is started by the opponents. GAME PLAY 1. The first team combines two or more tiles to form a word and places the word on the board to read either across or down with one letter on the center (star) square. The center square doubles the score for the first word. 2. A team completes a turn by announcing the score and pressing the clock. The team records its new cumulative score and then draws as many new tiles as played, always keeping seven tiles on its rack. -
The Association of Premier Scrabble* Players JOEL SHERMAN WINS
The Association of Premier Scrabble* Players Issue No. 57 NEWSLETTER December 1997 JOEL SHERMAN WINS WORLD TITLE American Joel Sherman is the 1997 World Scrabble Champion. In a battle of New Yorkers, he defeated stand-up comedian Matt Graham 3-1 in the Final. It was a sweet success for Sherman, who had reached the Final in 1995, only to be defeated by Canada's David Boys. One little-known fact about Joel is that he's a member of die APSP! He joined in 1995, when the World Championship was held in London, and has retained his membership ever since. So we can offer our congratulations to one of our own members! For the first two days the tournament had been dominated by the UK team. At one stage, the top four positions were occupied by UK players. But as the pressure mounted the Americans made their move, with Graham winning 13 successive games to secure his place in the Final. The top UK finisher was Mark Nyman in 5th place, with Russell Byers (7th) also achieving a top ten finish. You can read a full report, including Mark's own account of the event, on page 4. ANDY COOK IS NATIONAL CHAMPION The rise of Andy Cook continues unabated. Within three years he's risen from the ranks of the "who's her to become the UK's National Champion. In the Final he defeated Jackie McLeod, 3-0. Andy's winning prize included an expenses-paid trip to Washington DC to watch the World Championship. Not bad for a weekend's Scrabble! The Intermediate title was won by 21-year-old Paul Chadwick, with a magnificent record of 9 wins and 1 tie in his ten games. -
Issue 141 December 2011
Bimonthly Magazine for the Association of British Scrabble Players Issue 141 - December 2011 SCRABBLE ® is a registered trademark of J.W.Spear & Sons Ltd, Maidenhead SL6 4UB committee matters Minutes of ABSP Committee Meeting: Sunday 2nd October 2011 Venue: Philip’s house, London Present: Peter Ashurst (PA), Wayne Kelly (WK), Ross Mackenzie (RM), Philip Nelkon (PN), Steve Perry (SP). Standing apologies: Anand Buddhdev (AB), Elie Dangoor (ED), Darryl Francis (DF), Anand Buddhdev (AB), Elie Dangoor (ED), Paula Davenport (PD), Alec Webb (AW). Apologies: Laura Finley (LF), Stewart Holden (SH), Elisabeth Jardine (EJ), Anne Ramsay (AR) Ratings Officer: John Grayson (JG) Resignations/appointments: Allan Simmons stepped down from the Committee as of the AGM but will remain on the Committee discussion group, at least during the handover period. Minutes of the previous meeting: agreed via email Team member reports and discussion Treasurer’s report: • Barclays mandate has been updated with PA, RM and LF as signatories • Bank balance – £14,359.22 nett of payment of £27,605.62 for Yarnfield Park • 2010 accounts have been audited and approved • Standing Orders – the matter was deferred at the AGM. PA is investigating further. • Membership database has been reformatted, PA / AR are to review the current set up. • Out turn cost for BMSC was a loss of £860.55, prize money was increased by using 2010 surplus of £540. • BMSC giveaway mugs – surplus were sold to Tilefish • Out turn cost for Masters was a loss of £37.00 • 50 Short Scrabble boards have been -
Following Are Some Very Interesting Terms Used by the Die-Hard Scrabble Players Across the World
Following are some very interesting terms used by the die-hard Scrabble players across the world. See if you can get a hold of these terms and impress your colleagues during a game. ENJOY!!!!! A ABBREVIATIONS • DLS - Double Letter Score • DWS - Double Word Score • TLS - Triple Letter Score • TWS - Triple Word Score B BACK HOOK a single letter which can be added to the end of a word on the board: e.g. JUMP....JUMPY BINGO The term used in North America for a bonus word. BLOCKED GAME A game which can�t be continued because there are no more legitimate moves possible. The game is deemed over and the players deduct the value of the tiles on their racks from their current score. BLOCKER A word which can�t be extended or which is difficult to build on: e.g. VLY BLOWOUT A one-sided game in which one player gets all the good tiles and wins easily. Also called GRANNIE or NO-BRAINER. BONUS A word which uses all seven tiles on a player�s rack in one go gaining a 50-point bonus. BONUS WORD, BINGO or SEVEN are also used. BRILLIANCY An ingenious move which floors your opponent and dazzles the spectators e.g. QUETZALS linking two Triple Word Squares for 374 C CHALLENGE The verbal indication to your opponents that the word they have just played is probably wrong. CLOSED BOARD A board situation wich offers no openings for bonus words and yields few scoring options. COFFEEHOUSING Talking to your opponents (or whistling, humming etc.) with a view to distracting them from the game. -
WESPA Rules OK AGM Minutes - Page 2
Bimonthly Magazine for the Association of British Scrabble Players Brett wins BMSC for fourth time page 13 WESPA Rules OK AGM Minutes - page 2 Prize Puzzle page 15 Lorraine Feather sings Scrabble page 34 Issue 134 - October 2010 from the editor Well, here I am back in the editor’s chair and already questioning my sanity. Nevertheless, I do have enough of my marbles left to know how much I owe to everybody who has sent me material of some sort for inclusion. I really cannot produce a magazine without you lot, so please do keep giving a thought to what you may contribute. This, of course is issue number 1 of the newsletter under the new title of OnBoard. It was very gratifying to receive so many name suggestions - over 50 - and I am happy with the final choice. The full array of suggestions was emailed to committee members with the request that they send me short lists of their favourites. I had hoped by this means to create my own short list to put to an AGM vote, however the title of OnBoard was the favourite of seven out of the eleven replies I received; and five of those seven declined to add any other names to their list. OnBoard was unchallengeable as the new title. Here is a list of the suggested titles as received by the committee - they were not informed as to who had proposed what. I was pleased to be able to tell them that their popular choice had been solely the suggestion of outgoing editor Elisabeth Jardine. -
Also in This Issue
Journal of the New Zealand Association of Scrabble® Players No. 117 Summer 2014 Also in this issue Word famous: Jeanette Grimmer Why continued improvement is easier than completely changing gears Trans-Tasman Challenge 2014 Life beyond Scrabble: Are you game to I've been reading: Shakespearean try it? insults and A hidden inheritance Obituary: Mikki Nicholson Yojana York job application Hall of Fame: Characters from Dickens Romanian Open Scrabble Tournament 2014 Khin Saw Khine: Scrabble in Myanmar A whole new class of Scrabblers NZASP Executive Table of contents President Val Mills Editorial: Would you play Scrabble under a ladder on Friday the 13th? ................. 3 11 Lanark Place President's report .................................. 4 Glen Innes Word famous in New Zealand: Auckland 1072 Jeanette Grimmer ................................. 6 Phone 027-248-1701 Situations vacant .................................. 8 Email [email protected] Trans-Tasman Challenge 2014 reports.. 9 Surprise endings ................................. 15 Vice Ruth Groffman I've been reading ................................ 16 President Yojana York job application ................ 18 4 Wycolla Ave Club news .......................................... 23 St. Clair A whole new class of Scrabblers .......... 25 Dunedin 9012 Romanian Open Scrabble Tournament Phone 03 455 1777 2014 ................................................. 26 Email Twenty years ago in Forwords ............. 28 [email protected] Why continued improvement is easier than completely “changing -
World English-Language Scrabble® Players' Association (WESPA)
Game Rules World English-Language Scrabble® Players’ Association (WESPA) Version 2.0 Issued by the WESPA Rules Committee 17 November 2010 SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark of J. W. Spear & Sons Limited, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc, except in Canada and the United States, where it is a registered trademark of HASBRO. 1 Contents Preamble 6 Part 1 – Equipment 6 1.1 Standard Rules 6 1.2 Word Source 6 1.3 The Game Set 6 1.3.1 Tile Distribution 1.3.2 The Tiles 1.3.3 The Board 1.3.4 Other Equipment 1.3.5 State of Equipment 1.3.6 Varying the Equipment 1.3.7 Disputes 1.4 The Timer 7 1.4.1 Checking the Timer 1.4.2 Precedence 1.4.3 Neutralisation of the Timer 1.4.4 Use of Timer Mandatory 1.4.5 Timer Position 1.5 Written Aids 8 1.5.1 Score Sheets 1.5.2 Separate Tile Tracking Lists 1.5.3 Acceptable Materials 1.5.4 Writing During the Game Part 2 – Starting the Game 8 2.1 Determining Who Starts 8 2.2 Starting the Timer 9 2.3 Late Arrivals 9 2.3.1 Duty to be Present 2.3.2 Both Players Absent 2.3.3 One Player Absent 2.3.4 Optional Forfeiture due to Lateness 2.3.5 Compulsory Forfeiture due to Lateness 2.3.6 Consequences of Forfeiture due to Lateness 2.4 Shuffling Tiles 10 2.5 Special Needs 10 Part 3 – The Turn 10 3.1 Playing a Word 10 3.1.1 Elements of the Turn 2 3.1.2 Completing Turns When No Tiles Remain 3.1.3 Establishing Orientation 3.2 Exchanging Tiles 11 3.2.1 Elements of the Exchange 3.2.2 Exchange to Score Zero 3.3 Passing 11 3.4 Significance of Pressing Timer 11 3.4.1 Pressing Timer Concludes Deliberation 3.4.2 Elements Overlapping with Opponent's