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Words Should Be Fun: Scrabble As a Tool for Language Preservation in Tuvan and Other Local Languages1
Vol. 4 (2010), pp. 213-230 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4480 Words should be fun: Scrabble as a tool for language preservation in Tuvan and other local languages1 Vitaly Voinov The University of Texas at Arlington One small but practical way of empowering speakers of an endangered language to maintain their language’s vitality amidst a climate of rapid globalization is to introduce a mother-tongue version of the popular word game Scrabble into their society. This paper examines how versions of Scrabble have been developed and used for this purpose in various endangered or non-prestige languages, with a focus on the Tuvan language of south Siberia, for which the author designed a Tuvan version of the game. Playing Scrab- ble in their mother tongue offers several benefits to speakers of an endangered language: it presents a communal approach to group literacy, promotes the use of a standardized orthography, creates new opportunities for intergenerational transmission of the language, expands its domains of usage, and may heighten the language’s external and internal prestige. Besides demonstrating the benefits of Scrabble, the paper also offers practical suggestions concerning both linguistic factors (e.g., choice of letters to be included, cal- culation of letter frequencies, dictionary availability) and non-linguistic factors (board de- sign, manufacturing, legal issues, etc.) relevant to producing Scrabble in other languages for the purpose of revitalization. 1. INTRODUCTION.2 The past several decades have seen globalization penetrating even the most remote corners of the world, bringing with them popular American exports such as Coca-Cola and Hollywood movies. -
8 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK in Order to Discuss
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In order to discuss and analyse the research, this chapter provides several essential theories needed about Scrabble, Zyzzyva, and Morphology. 2.1 SCRABBLE This section will introduce more about Scrabble to give readers deeper view and insight. Furthermore, this section will be discussing the history of Scrabble, explaining the game details, and finally elaborating the rules of playing the game. 2.1.1 The History of Scrabble Alfred Mosher Butts, an out-of-work architect from Poughkeepsie, New York, invented Scrabble during the Great Depression. Butts divided games into three categories: number games (dice and bingo), move games (chess and checkers), and word games (anagrams). He enjoyed anagrams and crosswords a lot that he created a game with both feature and named it LEXIKO, the game was later called CRISS CROSS WORDS (National Scrabble Association, 2012). 8 9 Figure 2.1 Alfred Mosher Butts Originally, the game was played by forming words using letter tiles and placing them on a crossword-concept board, the length of the word determined the score. After Burr studied the letter occurrence on the front page of the New York Times, the point of each letter tile was valued based on the frequency of the letters appeared in that newspaper (Halpern & Wai, 2007). 10 Figure 2.2 Criss Cross Words,an early version of Scrabble game Butts’ invention has been rejected by several established game manufactures until he met James Brunot, a game-loving entrepreneur who liked the concept and the idea of the game. They both finally made some refinements on the rules and the name SCRABBLE was created. -
Questions These Questions Are in a Specific Order. 1. What Is Scrabble
Questions Re: The Game of Scrabble Radio Interview - 14th March 2019 - 2AIRFM These questions are in a specific order. 1. What is Scrabble? 2:30 sec. 2. Who invented it? 1:40 sec 3. Why is it called Scrabble? 30 sec 4. Why play Scrabble? 1:30 sec 5. Why should I join a Scrabble Club? 2:30 sec 6. What dictionary should I use? 3:00 mins. 7. Why are there weird words in the Scrabble Dictionary? 3:00 mins 8. What should I know? 2:30 sec 9. What is a good score in Scrabble? 1 min 10. How can I improve my Scrabble score? 1 min 11. How did you get interested in Scrabble? 1 min That’s eleven questions the volume has been turned up to 11! These are some suggestions for songs to be played between breaks:- Words of love – the Beatles G.L.O.R.I.A. - Them featuring Van Morrison Words - the Bee Gees V.A.C.A.T.I.O.N. - Connie Francis Words - Neil Young D.I.V.O.R.C.E. - Tammy Wynette https://soundcloud.com/user147680538/community-interview-14th-march-2019 1. What is Scrabble? The game of Scrabble has been around since 1933 in one form or another in Western society, so I’ve always thought that everyone would have least heard of it. It wasn’t until recently that I realised there are people out there who don’t know what it is. Oddly enough, one of my relatives who is a very worldly character having run various clubs in his day, whom you would have thought was very knowledgeable brought this fact home to me, he was unaware of what it is. -
The Scrabble Player's Handbook Is Available for Free Download At
The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available for free download at www.scrabbleplayershandbook.com 1 Contents Introduction 3 Meet The Team 5 What's Different About Competitive Scrabble? 10 How To Play Good Scrabble 11 The Words 14 What Is Scrabble? 16 Scoring Well 21 Understanding Rack Leaves 32 Word Learning 35 The First Move 46 Tile Tracking 50 Time Management 54 Exchanging 58 Phoneys 64 Set-Ups 65 Open and Closed Boards 68 The Endgame 75 Playing Style 85 How To Play Amazing Scrabble 94 The Luck Element 98 The Game Behind The Game 99 Starting Out in Competitive Play 101 Quackle 103 Zyzzyva 109 Internet Scrabble Club 115 Aerolith 117 Scrabble by Phone 119 Books 121 Scrabble Variants 123 Scrabble Around The World 125 Playing Equipment 127 Glossary 128 Appendix 133 Rules Governing Word Inclusion 133 Two-letter words 137 Three-letter words 140 SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A. by Hasbro Inc., in Canada by Hasbro Canada Inc. and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Ltd. of Maidenhead SL6 4UB, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro or Hasbro Canada. The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available free of charge. There is no copyright on the contents and readers are encouraged to distribute the book in PDF or printed form to all who would benefit from it. Please respect our work by retaining the footer on every page and by refraining from reproducing any part of this book for financial gain. -
Scrabble Blank Tile Score
Scrabble Blank Tile Score Spurious Roth blur very densely while Pattie remains stingy and unblindfolded. Gunner is adjectively basilar after transcontinental Jonny cards his grasshoppers indifferently. Decinormal Eduard limbers concisely. All letters played in a turn must be placed in one row across or down the board, to form one complete word. But just like most board games, Scrabble is governed by a set of rules, some of them that are pretty straightforward, and others that may cause confusion among some players. There are ten power tiles. If you play a blank tile on a red or pink square, then the value of that word will be doubled or tripled. You Asked: What Is the Difference Between a Nutritionist and a Dietitian? Are student loans broken? What is the highest scoring Scrabble word? The game ends when all the tiles are gone from the bag and a single player has placed all their tiles on the board. The common letter is counted for each word and the full premium value, if any, is awarded for both. Beginning with the player who earned the LOWEST score on this round, then the player on his left, etc. Any word may be challenged before the next player starts a turn. LATE to make LATER. How does my system understand if data got masked? Everyone who plays in an NSA sanctioned tournament earns a rating. Foreign words are not allowed on the board when playing the English version of the game. You race against time to rack up as many points as you can. -
Table of Contents 129
Table of Contents 129 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................................129 Science and Checkers (H.J. van den Herik) .............................................................................................................129 Searching Solitaire in Real Time (R. Bjarnason, P. Tadepalli, and A. Fern)........................................................ 131 An Efficient Approach to Solve Mastermind Optimally (L-T. Huang, S-T. Chen, S-Ch. Huang, and S.-S. Lin) ...................................................................................................................................... 143 Note: ................................................................................................................................................................. 150 Gentlemen, Stop your Engines! (G. McC. Haworth).......................................................................... 150 Information for Contributors............................................................................................................................. 157 News, Information, Tournaments, and Reports: ......................................................................................................158 The 12th Computer Olympiad (Continued) (H.J. van den Herik, M.H.M. Winands, and J. Hellemons).158 DAM 2.2 Wins Draughts Tournament (T. Tillemans) ........................................................................158 -
Calendar of Events
97 The bi-monthly magazine of the 7 APRIL 8 IL APR C A L E N D A R O F E V E N T S APR C A L E N D A R O F E V E N T S 7 IL AP RIL ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH A quick reference to forthcoming events SCRABBLE PLAYERS (fuller list and details inside) Feb 7th West Sussex (6) Peter Hall 01903 717571 Feb 7th-8th Nottingham Nomads (16) Clive Spate 0115 920 0208 Feb 8th-15th H-B Holidays - Torremolinos Viv Beckmann 0191 273 1705 Feb 15th Hampshire Open (6) Alan Bailey 02392 384360 Feb 21st Brentwood (6) Cindy Hollyer 01277 822050 Feb 21st-22nd Scottish Masters (11) Neil Scott Invitational Feb 27th-Mar 1st H-B Holidays - Bingley Viv Beckmann 0191 273 1705 No 94 FEBRUARY 2004 Feb 28th New Malden (6) Shirely Cave 020 8949 1566 Feb 29th BEST - Deadline for Entries Evan Simpson 020 8429 1984 Deadline for next issue 12th March Mar 6th Leicester (6) Marjorie Smith 0116 255 1176 Mar 13th Edinburgh (5) Alan Sinclair 01316 697316 Harshan is the Champ Mar 14th Swindon (6) Steve Perry 01367 244757 It seems like a long time ago now, but as the last issue of Mar 21st Southampton (6) Alan Bailey 02392 384360 The Last Word was going on press, Harshan Mar 27th-28th Durham (11) Laura Finley 0191 565 4079 Lamabadusuriya was overcoming Clive Spate in the Final Apr 9th-10th Exeter - Isca (6) Andy Davis 01623 437751 of the National Scrabble Championship at the Sadlers Apr 10th-12th Exeter - Easter Matchplay (19) Andy Davis 01623 437751 Wells Theatre in London. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................5 Chapter 1: Entropy ............................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2: Endgame........................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3: Pre-endgame................................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 4: Bingo Defense................................................................................................................. 75 Chapter 5: Scoring Spots................................................................................................................... 87 Chapter 6: Board Dynamics...........................................................................................................101 Chapter 7: Closed Board Play........................................................................................................123 Chapter 8: Advanced Decision Making ......................................................................................141 Chapter 9: Inferring Leaves...........................................................................................................157 Chapter 10: Play Your Opponent.................................................................................................169 -
2 New Committee Members
The bi-monthly magazine of the ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH SCRABBLE PLAYERS No 102 June 2005 Deadline for next issue 8th July 2 NEW COMMITTEE MEMBERS Evan Simpson joined the Committee from June 4th and Anne Ramsay will take over from Viv Beckmann after this years ACM. Sorry this issue is a bit late - my first issue as Editor and I'm apologising already! The August issue is not allowed to be late because it contains the final agenda for the AGM. Contributions for TLW 103 therefore need to be submitted very soon indeed. Things of note in this issue include the AGM Draft Agenda, FAQ on penalty challenges and a statement from the Committee regarding variations to the standard rules. Also find enclosed entry forms for the Scottish Round Robin, BMSC Mens Event and Chester 2006. / / SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark of J.W.Spear & Sons Ltd., Maidenhead SL6 4UB ISSUE CONTENTS Committee Corner 1 Edgeways 23 Committee Statement ... 2 Across The Board 33 AGM Draft Agenda 3 Xtras 40 Penalty Challenges FAQ 5 Forthcoming Events 43 Tournament Reports 7 Edgeways Answers 48 Ratings 17 Calendar of Events obc Throughout this publication, comments by the Editor do not represent the views of the ABSP Committee. Any statements by the Committee are clearly marked as such. All other contributions to The Last Word represent only the views of the contributor. THE LAST WORD TEAM The Last Words Team welcomes contributions from readers to their respective areas, either as letters, articles or suggestions. Contact information: Editors: Games and Strategies: Words and -
Golden Age Cent#R Qfy^ Children's Pony Track in Central Park
y Brownsville Recreation Center - Golden Age Cent#r Qfy^ Children's Pony Track in Central Park (Improving and rehabilitating^/ thru filtMan Foundation) Christmas Tree Dedication Ceremonies Concerts - City Symphony, Guggenheim, Naumburg, Battery Park (Downtown .....-,...,.. Assfn) Fishing C^t^sts (JJa&ional Better, fishing Program, A & S ) : Fiorina Lasker iPoundatiort «?' Flower Displays (Sara J. Woodard Mem. Chrysanthemum Plantings) Football (opening of fields) / Garden for the Blind >/ Golf - Blind logey Touraaaent and Course Openings an£ Closings - Permit I Harvest Dance Contest Hippopotamus (Prospect Park ) Hunting Season v/- Jetties (Beach Erosion) Labor lelations (Wurf grievances) v Emma Lazarus Dedication Lifeguard Training Course Magie Shows Manhattan Beach Esplanade \/ Marine Park Marionette Theatre Model Taeht Contest J Morningside Park Music and Dancing in City Parks (Name Band and Square Dances) \y PLAtGEOONDS — (PS 277 Recoil & Addition) #6*f6, #6*f6, $#*5 (PS 110) #6Mf, #6**3 (PS 102), #6*f2 (PS 215), #6^1 (PS 2h) R«er©atlon Centers - Schedule of operations of St» Marys, Bklyn War Mem Brownsville, Cronwell - Launching of "Stardust" at St. Marys / Rockaway • -V Seton Hospital Site Skating - Flushing and Wollman Ice and Roller Seasons Smith Memorial Repairs Sunken Meadow - .. ••• • Sunrise Highway Brochure Swimming Pools - Adults admitted as of 7/16/55 to Saturday AM sessions Closing announcement of• 17 outdoor pools Tennis Courts Track and Field Events at Riis Park . ... I 4 M DEPARTMEN O F PARKS ARSENAL, CENTRAL PARK REGENT 4-1000 FOR RELEASE SUNDAY. NOVBICBBR 20. 195? l-M-3OM-505074(55) 114 The Department of Parks announces that the Altman Foundation, through its president John S. -
Mohex 2.0: a Pattern-Based MCTS Hex Player
MoHex 2.0: a pattern-based MCTS Hex player Shih-Chieh Huang1,2, Broderick Arneson2, Ryan B. Hayward2, Martin M¨uller2, and Jakub Pawlewicz3 1 DeepMind Technologies 2 Computing Science, University of Alberta 3 Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw Abstract. In recent years the Monte Carlo tree search revolution has spread from computer Go to many areas, including computer Hex. MCTS Hex players now outperform traditional knowledge-based alpha-beta search players, and the reigning Computer Olympiad Hex gold medallist is the MCTS player MoHex. In this paper we show how to strengthen Mo- Hex, and observe that — as in computer Go — using learned patterns in priors and replacing a hand-crafted simulation policy with a softmax pol- icy that uses learned patterns can significantly increase playing strength. The result is MoHex 2.0, about 250 Elo stronger than MoHex on the 11×11 board, and 300 Elo stronger on 13×13. 1 Introduction In the 1940s Piet Hein [22] and independently John Nash [26–28] invented Hex, the classic two-player alternate-turn connection game. The game is easy to im- plement — in the 1950s Claude Shannon and E.F. Moore built an analogue Hex player based on electrical circuits [29] — but difficult to master, and has often been used as a testbed for artificial intelligence research. Around 2006 Monte Carlo tree search appeared in Go Go [11] and soon spread to other domains. The four newest Olympiad Hex competitors — MoHex from 2008 [4], Yopt from 2009 [3], MIMHex from 2010 [5], Panoramex from 2011 [20] — all use MCTS. -
April 2011: Vol. 3, No. 4
N A S P NASPA Bulletin® The monthly news bulletin of the North American SCRABBLE Players Association A April 2011: Vol. 3, No. 4 Hotel Negotiations 101 By Chris Cree About a month before this year’s Dal- las Open (DO), I could tell that at- tendance and thus, room sales were going to be off considerably. As it turned out, our attendance was half off of its zenith and 30% off of its mean. Increased airfare and the economy in general have strengthened the presence of the one day event, including three different cities in Texas. Our players want their offi- cially rated games. Thus, what we have seen is attendance sharply off for multiday events while the total number of tournament games played has increased. I had been talking with the Crowne Plaza – Park Central in Dallas for a while and had made decent acquaintances with the sales manager, events coordinator and food and beverage manager. We had been talking about moving the local one day events from a Golden Corral Buffet-style restaurant in a far north suburb called The Colony From left to right: NASPA Copresident and NSSC host John Chew, 2011 National School to the Crowne Plaza in Dallas proper. I SCRABBLE Champions Alex Li and Jackson Smylie, Hasbro Director of Marketing Jay Bruns, told them I did not have much to offer and National SCRABBLE Association Executive Director John D. Williams, Jr. but if their Chef Danny wants to prepare $10 meals for lunch, that would work. We still do not know if we are going to a question, I asked, “What is it precisely that Canadians Win NSSC do the lunches, but they floored me with we bring to the table that would make you by John Chew the response which was that they just want to do this?” A few years ago, I was having a drink wanted us there and that they would They responded with what could only with a Hasbro vice president and I man- provide small (500–700 square feet) meeting seem like surprise, “You all are great to aged to find the courage to ask the question space for no charge.