The Draft Plan

REFERENCES

1. Market Economics, (2010) Auckland's role in (and the world) and its relationship with adjoining regions. Auckland: Market Economics. 2. OECD, (2006) OECD Territorial Reviews: Competitive Cities in the Global Economy. Paris: OECD Publishing. 3. Demographia, (2005) GDP per capita: Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas. [Online] Available from: http://www.demographia.com/db-intlmetgdp2005.pdf [Accessed 16th August 2011]. 4. , (2011) Auckland Unleashed – The Auckland Plan Discussion Document. Auckland: Auckland Council. 5. UN-HABITAT, (2010) State of the world’s cities 2010/2011: Bridging the urban divide. London: Earthscan. 6, 9, 10. Bovin, R., Bidois, D., and Harland C., (2010) A Goal is not a Strategy: Focusing efforts to improve New Zealand’s prosperity. Auckland: New Zealand Institute. 7. Auckland Regional Council, (no date) Ethnic composition. [Online] Available from: http:// monitorauckland.arc.govt.nz/our-community/ethnicity-and-diversity/ethnic-composition.cfm [Accessed 16th August 2011]. 8, 23. http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?Data setcode=METRO 11, 29, 30, 31. Auckland Regional Council, (2010) State of the Auckland region report 2010. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council. 11. Hauraki Gulf Forum, (2011) State of our Gulf Tikapa Moana – Hauraki Gulf State of the Environment Report 2011. Auckland: Hauraki Gulf Forum 12, 24, 46, 52. New Zealand Government, (2011b) National Infrastructure Plan 2011. Wellington: New Zealand Government. 13. Barton, H. and Grant, M., (2006) A health map for the local human habitat. The Journal for the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 126 (6), 252-253. 14, 21. Human Rights Commission, (2011) Structural Discrimination: The need for systemic change to achieve radical equality. Wellington: Human Rights Commission 15, 17, 20. New Zealand Government, (2011a) The Green Paper for Vulnerable Children. Wellington: New Zealand Government. 16. Infometrics, (2011) 1000 days to get it right for every child. Wellington: Every Child Counts Coalition. 18. Ministry of Education, (2006) Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey. Wellington: Ministry of Education. 19. Carruthers, I., Shapiro, J. and Knight, T., (1999) Improving Health Improvement Programmes: The Early Lessons. Research Report 35, School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham. Cited in Effective Strategies for Tackling the Wider Causes of Ill-Health, Department for Communities and Local Government, London, 2008. 22. Council, (2007) Auckland’s Creative Industries: The Numbers. Auckland: Auckland City Council. 25. Skilling, D., (2006) The role of Auckland in meeting NZ’s productivity challenge. Wellington: The NZ Institute.

246 References and Glossary

26. McDonald, G., Zhang, J., and Smith, N., (2010) Understanding Auckland’s Role in New Zealand’s Global Engagement Exports of Merchandise Trade and Services. Auckland: Prepared for Knowledge Auckland by Market Economics. 27. Auckland Council Property LTD, (2011) Submission on Auckland Unleashed Discussion Document. 28. Covec, (2010) The size of Auckland’s visitor economy in 2009. Auckland: Auckland Tourism. 32. New Zealand Government, (2009) New Zealand’s 2020 Emissions Target. [Online] Available from http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate/nz-2020-emissions-target/nz-2020-emissions-target.pdf [Accessed 16th August 2011]. 33, 34. Ministry for the Environment, (2008) Preparing for climate change: A guide for local government in New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry for the Environment. 35. NZIER, (2011) Quarterly Projections, Wellington: NZ Institute of Economic Research, 36. Moricz, Zoltan, Property Research Analyst, CBRE (2011) Personal Communication 37. Homes and Communities Agency, (2007-2009) Urban Design Compendium. [Online] Available from: http://www.urbandesigncompendium.co.uk/ [Accessed 16th August 2011]. 38. Jasmax Architects, (2011) Auckland Plan technical working paper: Urban Housing Typologies. Auckland: Auckland Council. 39. Darroch, (2010) Housing Market Assessment in the Auckland Region. Wellington: Centre for Housing Research Aotearoa New Zealand 40. Productivity Commission, (2011) Housing Affordability: Issues Paper. Wellington: New Zealand Government. 41. Auckland Regional Council, (2009) Auckland Regional Community Outcomes report. Auckland: Auckland Regional Council. 42, 43, 44. House Prices Unit, Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, (2008) Final Report of the House Prices Unit: House Price Increases and Housing in New Zealand. Wellington: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 45. CBRE, (2010) Future Planning Framework: Mixed Use and Business Outcomes. 47. SGS Economics and Planning, (2010). Spatial form and infrastructure: Future land use and transport planning. 48, 54. New Zealand Government (2009), Local Government (Auckland Council) Act 2009. 49. World Commission on Environment and Development, (1987) Our common future. New York: United Nations. 50. Watercare Services, (2011a) Auckland Regional Water Demand Management Plan. Auckland: Watercare Services Limited. 51. Watercare Services Limited, (2008) Auckland Three Waters Final Strategic Plan. Auckland: Watercare Services Limited. 53. UK Communities and Local Government, Department for Transport, (2007) Manual for Streets. London: Stationary Office.

We want to hear what you think. Visit www.theaucklandplan.govt.nz 247 The Draft Auckland Plan

55. New Zealand Centre for Advanced Engineering, (2010) Infrastructure Investment: Supporting Better Decisions. Christchurch: CAENZ. 56. Ministry of Transport, (2005-2008) Auckland Road Pricing Evaluation Study. Wellington: Ministry of Transport. 57. Ministry for the Environment. (2007) Value Capture Mechanisms: International models and their relevance to New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry for the Environment.

248 References and Glossary

GLOSSARY

Amenity - the liveability or quality of a place that makes it pleasant and agreeable for individuals and the community. Biodiversity - the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem including the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems Broadband - data transmission technology that provides for high speed internet services Brownfield - an area of development that has had previous (generally commercial or industrial) development upon it. Business Activities - commercial and industrial activities. Centres - localities identified as urban centres in Chapter 8, which include the city centre and fringe, metropolitan centres, town centres and local centres. Centres are typically higher density, compact mixed use environments with high quality public transport links and provide a wide range of community, recreational, social and other activities. Commercial activities - retail, information and communication, finance and insurance, and other service sectors. These sectors typically can afford relatively higher land prices/rents, and locate well in town centres. Corridors - strategic and arterial road, bus and rail alignments, and land located adjacent to these corridors, which generally link Auckland’s centres. They include but are not limited to urban growth corridors identified in Chapter 8. Density - a unit of measurement in relation to a given area of land (i.e. number of dwellings per hectare). Deprivation - the New Zealand Deprivation Index assesses deprivation by area rather than by individuals or household units. There are 8 dimensions to this index - income, home ownership, support (single parent families), employment, qualifications, living space (overcrowding), communication and transport. Dwelling - a building or a structure, or part thereof, that is used (or intended to be used) for the purpose of human habitation. Fibre - fibre-optic cable used for the provision of high speed internet and data transfer services. Future urban areas - areas identified for expansion of urban development beyond the urban rural boundary. Full time equivalent employment (FTE) - the number of full-time equivalent jobs, defined as total hours worked divided by average annual hours worked in full-time jobs. Greenfield – development, residential, business or industrial, that occurs on previously undeveloped land. Gross Domestic product (GDP) - the market value of all goods and services produced in a country or region in a given period. Greenhouse gas (GHG) - GHGs are made up of a variety of gases (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapour, ozone, and fluorinated gases) which trap infrared heat in the upper atmosphere and contribute to global warming. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) - A combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy may be assessed and judged for its potential effects on the health of the population, and the distribution of those effects within the population. Household - A household is one or more people usually resident in the same dwelling, who share living facilities. A household can contain one or more families, or can contain no families at all. A household that does not contain a family nucleus could contain unrelated people, related people, or could simply be a person living alone. Industrial activities - manufacturing, construction, wholesale trade, transport and storage sectors. These sectors are typically industrial activities which require large sites and can contribute to reverse sensitivity issues due to noise, odour and other emissions.

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Infrastructure - the fixed, long-lived structures that facilitate the production of goods and services and underpin many aspects of quality of life. ‘Infrastructure’ refers to physical networks, principally transport, water, energy, and communications. Intensification - redevelopment, conversion and retrofitting where land is developed with a greater coverage or intensity of building, or accommodates a greater residential population or workforce than previously. Kawanatanga – governance (the Government and in Auckland, the Auckland Council). Low impact design - a design approach for site development that manages, protects and incorporates natural systems and natural components of the landscape (for example, stormwater management). Mana Motuhake - Independent self sustaining authority to make decisions Mana whenua - iwi, the people of the land who have mana or authority - their historical, cultural and genealogical heritage are attached to the land and sea. Mataawaka - Maori who’s mana resides outside the Auckland region. They have no ostensible tribal connection to Tamaki Makaurau. Mixed use development - a mixture of activities such as residential, business, retail, or hospitality that occupy space within the same building or within the same block or area (i.e. an apartment building with shops, cafes and offices on the lower floors, or a town centre with these activities). Natural areas - places characterised by indigenous species or ecosystems, or a place or landform not or scarcely modified from an indigenous condition. Natural character - those qualities and values of the coastal environment, wetlands, lakes, rivers and their margins that derive from the presence of natural elements, natural patterns and natural processes. These qualities include the presence of indigenous and exotic vegetation including pasture, terrestrial, aquatic and marine habitats, landforms, landscapes, and seascapes, the function of natural processes and the maintenance of water and air quality. The lower the degree of human modification the higher the level of natural character. Natural heritage - includes indigenous flora and fauna, terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems and habitats, landscapes, landforms, geological features, soils and the natural character of the coastline. Orite tanga - balance, equality of outcomes. Papakainga – villages; marae, housing and economic and social development. Papakainga housing - housing development within a papakainga framework. Quality transit network (QTN) - provides a network of high-frequency, high-quality public transport. The majority of these are bus services operating bus priority measures between key centres and over major corridors. The QTN complements the RTN by connecting at key hub locations. Rapid transit network (RTN) - provides fast, high-frequency service in its own right of way, unaffected by traffic congestion. It aims to provide longer-term support for the more intensive growth proposed by the Auckland Plan and to improve the region’s transport system. Renewable energy - energy generated from solar, wind, hydro-electricity, geothermal, biomass, tidal, wave, or ocean current energy sources. Retail activities - the use of land or buildings for displaying or offering goods for sale or hire to the general public, but does not include commercial services. Included as part of commercial activities (outlined above).

250 References and Glossary

Rural gateway - means prominent points or areas within a rural landscape that mark or encompass a widely visible shift in typography and land use, or a distinct shift between areas with high degrees of urban influence to areas with open greenbelt qualities. Rural lifestyle - means low density residential development on rural land. It includes the concepts of rural-residential development, scattered rural-residential lots, farmlets, bush lots, retirement lots, and large-lot residential development. Rural production - means forms of primary production which rely on the productive capacity of the soil such as dairying, animal farming and keeping and includes horticulture, horse breeding, beekeeping as a part of pastoral farming activities; and also means activities associated processing and the excavation of rock, sand, and clay. Rural Urban Boundary - means the boundary between rural areas and urban areas of Auckland. Tangata Whenua - the iwi or hapu that hold mana whenua (exercise customary authority) over an area. Targeted rates - a targeted rate is used to fund activities where the local authority considers the cost should be met by particular groups of ratepayers, or that there is some other benefit in funding these outside the general rate. Tino rangatiratanga - absolute right to exact rights; to land and taonga. Transit orientated development (TOD) - compact, mixed use development near new or existing public transportation infrastructure that serves housing, transportation and neighbourhood goals. Its pedestrian and cycle oriented design encourages residents and workers to drive their cars less, ride mass transit more and includes appropriate treatment of car parking. Three Waters – water services for water supply, wastewater, and stormwater; including both natural assets and physical infrastructure. Travel demand management (TDM) - the term used to describe initiatives aimed at modifying travel behaviour in order to maximise the efficient use of transport systems (i.e. tele-working, ride sharing, more flexible work and educational hours, parking constraints, cycling and walking). Unconstrained development capacity - land which is zoned for residential development and is serviced for water and wastewater. Waste - any matter, whether liquid, gas or solid, which is discharged, unwanted or discarded by the current generator or owner as having little or no economic value, and which may include materials that can be reused, recycled or recovered.

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