DOCSLIB.ORG

DOCUMENT RESUME the English Language Amendment. Hearing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DOCUMENT RESUME the English Language Amendment. Hearing DOCUMENT RESUME ED 258 479 FL 015 108 TITLE The English Language Amendment. Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary. Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 167, a Joint Resolution Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States with Respect to the English Language. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. REPORT NO J-98-126 PUB DATE 12 Jun 84 NOTE 291p. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC12 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Constitutional Law; *English; *Federal Legislation; Hearings; Language Planning; ',Official Languages; Public Opinion; *Public Policy IDENTIFIERS Congress 98th ABSTRACT The transcripts of the hearings on Senate Joint Resolution 167, proposing an amendment to the United States Constitution with regard to establishment of English as the country's official language includes: the statements of three committee members (Senators Orrin G. Hatch, Jeremiah Denton, and Dennis DeConcini); the text of the proposed legislation; the testimony of the witnesses (Senators Walter D. Huddleston, Quentin N. Burdick, and Steven D. Symms; former Senator S. I. Hayakawa; Congressmen Norman D. Shumway, and Baltasar Corrada, Gerda Bikales of U.S. English, and Arnold° S. Torres of the League of United Latin American Citizens), presented chronologically; the witnesses' submitted materials, presented alphabetically; additional materials submitted for the record; and related correspondence. (MSE) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** BEST COPYAVAILABLE S. Hs*. 98-1284 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMENDMENT as HEARING Lir1 BEFORE THE fri SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION LAJ OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON S.J. Res. 167 A JOINT RESOLUTION PROPOSING AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTI- TUTION OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE JUNE 12, 1984 Serial No. J-98-126 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary U.S. DU ASISIMPIT CW IDUCAIXIN NATIONAL INSTITUTE EDUCATIONAL. OF EDUCATION RESOWtaiSINFORMATICIA CENTER (ERIC1 Ths efoannenthew been reproducedsO waved from theportico or otganktition orionsong n. f.) Monet tin hbro bow mods repnaclocoon qty. to improve Ports of VOW Of OPOOlON Ole* OOCti mons do notwomanly footmen! 0 imition or polo". oficen NIE U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 40-407 0 WASHINGTON : 198b 2 3.1118U1AVA 'OW1238 COMMITTEE O THE JUDICIARY SISOM THURMOND, South Carolina, Chairman CHARLES Mee. MATHIAS, JILI Maryland JOSEPH R. KEEN, Ja., Delaware PAUL LAXALT, Nevada EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Maaaachuaetts ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah ROBERT C. BYRD, Wad Virginia ROBERT DOLE, Kansas HOWARD M. MEIMBAUM. Ohio ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming DENNIS DtCONCINI, Arizona JOHN P. EAST, North Carolina PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHARLES E. GRASSLE?. Iowa MAX BAUCLIS, Montana JEREMIAH DENTON. Alabama HOWELL HEFLrN, Alabama ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania Vtarroar Dz Vaivz Um, Chief Coiaisel and Staff Director DESORAll K. °wax, General Counsel BEgratram, Chief Clerk Am H. Grruserzna, Minority Chief Counsel SuacomsarrEE ON nu: CossTrrtrrioil ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah, Chairman AOM THURMOND, South Carolina DENNIS DzCONCINI, Arizona CHARLES E. GRA&ILEY. Iowa PATRICK J LEAHY, Vermont SersPHAN MAILMAN, Chief Counsel and Staff Dilutor RANDALS. Raorz, General Counsel fluor Mciaixxx, Staff Assistant Rosin FLIDLU, Minority Counsel .4* a CONTENTS STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Par, Hatch, Finn. Orrin G., a U.S. Senator from the State of Utah 1, 4 Denton, Hon. Jeremiah, a U.S. Senator from the State of Alabama 8 DeConcini, Hon. Dennis, a U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona.... 37, 40 PROPOSED LEGISLATION S.J. Rea. 167, a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States with respect to the Erglish language 13 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Huddleston, Hon. Walter D., a U.S. Senator from the State of Kentucky 15 Burdick. Hon. Quentin N., a U.S. Senator from the State of North Dakota 41 Symms, Hon. Steven D., a U.S. Senator from the State of Idaho 43 Fkyallawa, Hon. SI., a former U.S. Senator from the State of California. 51 Shumway, Hon. Norman D., a U.S. Representative from the State of Califor- nia, and Hon. Baits:sir Corrada, a U.S. Representative from Puerto Rico 69 aikales, Gerda, Executive Director, U.S. English. Washington, DC, and Ar- naldo S. Torres, National Executive Director, the League of United Latin American Citizens, Washington, DC 103 ALPHABETICAL LIST AND MATERIAL SUBMITTED Bikales,Cerda: Testimony 103 Prepared statement 106 Letters from: Surendra K. Saxeria,firesident, the Association of Indians in Amer- ica, Inc., to Joseph E Fallon, October 25, 1983 113 Marie J. Iribarren, secretary, Kern County League Basque Club, January 10, 198 114 Steve Workings, Government Relations Associate, U.S. English, to Senator Orrin G. Hatch, chairman, Sulkommittee on the Constitu- tion, October 15, 1984 115 "Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement" (Treaty of. Guadalupe Hidal- go), reprinted by U.S. English 116 Testimony on fiscal year 1984 appropriations for bilingual education 128 Presentation to 1984 Republican Platform Committee by U.S. English, April 17, 1984 128 Fact sheets: English language amendment to the Constitution 130 fliirngual voting ballots 132 Bilingual Education Act revisions 133 "In Defense of Our Common Language " 134 Excerpts from Up-Date, a periodic publication of U.S. English, volume II, No. 3, June-July 1984: Up-Date. 141 Testimony presented at hearings on the English amendment, June 12, 1984 143 "Ideas" by Richard Kahlenberg from Harvard Political Review, spring 1984 147 I V Page Bil ale* Genie Continued I " 'Temporary' Bilingual Education Lives On,' " from theWashington Times, August 18, 1983 149 "The Swiss, the U.S, and Language Unity," from the Christian Science Monitor, September 12, 1984 150 Burdick, Senator Quentin: Testimony 41 Corrada, 13altasar: Testimony 79 Prepared statement 83 Hatch, Senator Orrin G.: "Legal Analysis of H.J. Res. 169 proposing an amendment to theU.S. Constitution to make English the official language of the United States," by Charles Dale, legislative attorney, American Law Division, Congressional Research Service. the Library of Congress, June 2? 1983. 89 "What a School-Was." by Abraham H. Lass from the New York Times, April 16, 1983 96 "ELA: Making English the Official Language," by Nadine Cohodas, from the Congressiona l Quarterly, October 242, 1983 97 "English Spoken Here Please,' by Jonathan Alter, from Newsweek, Jan- uary 9, 1 98 "Voting in English," by William Raspberry, from the Washington Post, March 15, 1984 99 "Aqui se 1-labia Ingles." from the Washington Times, April 4, 1984 100 "You'll Be a Nobody if They Didn't Make You Learn English," by Gerda Bikales, from the Christian Science Monitor, April 20, 1q 101 "The Mother Tongue Has a Movement," by Francis X. Clines, from the New York Times, June 3, 1984 102 Hayakawa, Si.: Testimony 51 Prepared statement 57 Letters to: Dear Friend, from S.I. Hayakawa 63 Marion Faldet, the Spencer Foundation, September 27, 1984 66 Commentaries by Guy Wright: "U.S. English," from the San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle, March 20, 1983 64 "Speaking English," from the San Francisco Examiner, March 28, 983 65 Huddleston, Walter D.: Testimony 15 Memo from Angela Evans. June 6, 1984 18 Article from the Congressional Record,'Constitutional Amendment to Make English the Official Language of the United States,"September 21, 1983 25 Letters: Helen Wong Jean, executive secretary for Chinese CivicCouncil, April 23, 1984 30 S.I. Hayakawa, August 27, 1984 31 Charles V. Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, legal analysis of Senate Joint Resolution 167 proposing an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to make English theofficial language of the United States, Congressional Research Service, the Libraiyof Congress 32 Shumway, Norman D.: 69 Testimony . Prep 'red statement 73 "Prapcsed Constitutional Amendment," from the CongressionalRecord, March 2, 1983 77 Letter from Michael Blichasz, president, Polish American Congress,Inc , Eastern Pennsylvania District, February 6, 1984 78 Symms, Steven D.: Testimony 43 Prepared statement 47 Torres, Arnaldo S.: Testimony 152 Prepared statement , 159 V APPF-NDLX ADOMONALMATERIALFOR THE RECORD Page "State Statutory. Recognition of English as the Official Language of the United States,' by Mark E. Gurevitz, Legislative Research Assistant, Amer- ican Law Division, Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress, March 1, 1984 . 169 Letter from Senator Orrin G. Hatch to Paul L. Douglas, attorney general for the State of Nebraska, October 11, 1984 181 Letter from Paul L. Douglas, attorney general for the State of Nebraska. to Senator Orrin G. Hatch, December 3, 1984 182 Enclosures: Nebraska Department of Education from Joe E. Lutjeharms, comniis- sinner of education, November 15, 1984 183 Dear concerned citizen from S.I. Hayakawa, December 1982 184 Department of State of Nebraska, Allen J. Beermana, secretary of state, October 27, 1984 185 State of Nebraska, Mexican American Commission, Rudy Peralez, executive director, October 30, 1984 186 Enclosures: Washington briefs, NALEO National Report 3 187 "Canada Provides Example of How Bilingualism Hurts," Omaha World-Herald, June 18,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vt Wx É}T T Hç|Äxüá|Wtw Vtà™Ä
    UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA _t hÇ|äxÜá|wtw Vtà™Ä|vt wx _É}t ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION MENCION INGLES MODALIDAD ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ANGLICISMS USED IN ECUADORIAN NEWSPAPERS Research done in order to achieve the Bachelor´s Degree in Teaching English as a Foreign Language AUTHOR: PARRALES VALDEZ CARLOS ERNESTO DIRECTOR: MGS. PAOLA CABRERA SAN RAFAEL - ECUADOR 2010 CERTIFICATION MGS. PAOLA CABRERA CERTIFIES THAT: This research work has been thoroughly revised by the graduation committee. Therefore, authorizes the presentation of this thesis, which complies with all the norms and internal requirements of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. Loja, September 15 TH , 2010 ___________________________ MGS. PAOLA CABRERA i CONTRATO DE CESION DE DERECHOS DE TESIS DE GRADO “Yo, CARLOS ERNESTO PARRALES VALDEZ declaro ser autor del presente trabajo y eximo expresamente a la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y a sus representantes legales de posibles reclamos o acciones legales. Adicionalmente declaro conocer y aceptar la disposición del Art. 67 del Estatuto Orgánico de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja que en su parte pertinente textualmente dice: “formar parte del patrimonio de la Universidad la propiedad intelectual de investigaciones, trabajos científicos o técnicos y tesis de grado que se realicen a través, o que el apoyo financiero, académico o institucional (operativo) de la Universidad”. Sr. CARLOS ERNESTO PARRALES V. ii AUTHORSHIP The thoughts, ideas, opinions and the information obtained through this research are the only responsibility of the author. Date: September 15 TH , 2010 ___________________________ Sr. CARLOS E. PARRALES iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate the following thesis to my father (+) and my mother, for all the support they gave me when I was younger and I couldn´t take any advantage I will never forget the push that my two teen girls and my wife gave me to finish this important research.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Miocene -Quaternary Forearc Uplift In
    Late Miocene - Quaternary forearc uplift in southern Peru: new insights from 10 Be dates and rocky coastal sequences Vincent Regard, Joseph Martinod, Marianne Saillard, Sébastien Carretier, Laëtitia Leanni, Laurence Audin, Kevin Pedoja To cite this version: Vincent Regard, Joseph Martinod, Marianne Saillard, Sébastien Carretier, Laëtitia Leanni, et al.. Late Miocene - Quaternary forearc uplift in southern Peru: new insights from 10 Be dates and rocky coastal sequences. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Elsevier, 2021, 8th ISAG Special Issue, 109, pp.103261. 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103261. hal-03162682 HAL Id: hal-03162682 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03162682 Submitted on 8 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Late Miocene - Quaternary forearc uplift in southern Peru: new insights from 10Be dates and rocky coastal sequences 5 Vincent Regard1*, Joseph Martinod2, Marianne Saillard3, Sébastien Carretier1, Laetitia Leanni4, Gérard Hérail1, Laurence Audin2, Kevin Pedoja5 1. Géosciences Environnement Toulouse/OMP, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France 2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France. 10 3. Université Côte d'Azur, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis 06560 Valbonne, France.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies (LALIGENS), Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol
    1 LALIGENS, VOL. 8(2), S/N 18, AUGUST/SEPT., 2019 International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies (LALIGENS), Bahir Dar- Ethiopia Vol. 8 (2), Serial No 18, August/Sept., 2019:1-12 ISSN: 2225-8604(Print) ISSN 2227-5460 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/laligens.v8i2.1 BABEL OF NIGER STATE 1IHENACHO, A. A., JAMIU, A. M., AGU, M. N., EBINE, S. A., ADELABU, S. & OBI, E. F. Faculty of Languages and Communication Studies IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria 1+2348127189382 [email protected] Abstract This paper is a preliminary report on an ongoing research being carried out in the Faculty of Languages and Communication Studies of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria. The research is on ‘Language education and translation in Niger State’. The languages involved in the research are: Arabic, English, French, Gbagyi, Hausa and Nupe. The aim of this research which is funded by the Nigerian Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) is ‘to help improve the outcome of language education and translation in Niger State in both quality and quantity’ As a preliminary inquiry, the research team visited 78 institutions of learning at all levels (primary, secondary and tertiary) in all the three geopolitical zones of Niger State, as well as media houses located in the capital, Minna, and obtained responses to the questionnaires they took to the institutions. While pursuing the aim and objectives of their main research, the team deemed it necessary to consider the position (and the plight) of the multiplicity of other languages of Niger State (than the three major ones – Gbagyi, Hausa and Nupe) in relation to Nigeria’s language policy in education.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 17, Number 15, April 6, 1990
    LAROUCHE So, You Wish to Leant All About BUT YOU'D BEDER EconoInics? KNOW WHAT H. Jr. HE HAS TO SAY by Lyndon LaRouche, A text on elementary mathematical economics, by the world's leading economist. Find out why EIR was right, when everyone else was wrong. The Power of Order from: Ben Franklin Booksellers, Inc. Reason: 1988 27 South King Street Leesburg, Va. 22075 An Autobiography by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. $9.95 plus shipping ($1.50 for first book, $.50 for each additional book). Information on bulk rates and videotape Published by Executive Intelligence Review Order from Ben Franklin Booksellers, 27 South King St., Leesburg, VA 22075. available on request. $10 plus shipping ($1.50 for first copy, .50 for each ad,:::ional). Bulk rates available. THE POWER OF REASON 1iM.'" An exciting new videotape is now available on the life and work of Lyndon LaRouche, political leader and scientist, who is currently an American political prisoner, together with six of his leading associates. This tape includes clips of some of LaRouche's most important, historic speeches, on economics, history, culture, science, AIDS, and t e drug trade. , This tape will recruit your friends to the fight forr Western civilization! Order it today! $100.00 Checks or money orders should be sent to: P.O. Box 535, Leesburg, VA 22075 HumanPlease specify Rights whether Fund you wish Beta or VHS. Allow 4 weeks for delivery. Founder and Contributing Editor: From the Editor Lyndon H. LaRouche. Jr. Editor: Nora Hamerman Managing Editors: John Sigerson, Susan Welsh Assistant Managing Editor: Ronald Kokinda Editorial Board: Warren Hamerman.
    [Show full text]
  • Engrish: English Influence on East Asian Languages
    Engrish: English Influence on East Asian Languages Trusk, Ines Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2016 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:125191 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-02 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Preddiplomski studij engleskog jezika i književnosti Ines Trusk Engrish: engleski utjecaj na istočnoazijske jezike Završni rad Mentor: izv.prof.dr.sc. Tanja Gradečak Erdeljić Osijek, 2016 Sveučilište J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Odsjek za engleski jezik i književnost Preddiplomski studij engleskog jezika i književnosti Ines Trusk Engrish: engleski utjecaj na istočnoazijske jezike Završni rad Znanstveno područje humanističke znanosti, polje filologija, grana anglistika Mentor: izv.prof.dr.sc. Tanja Gradečak Erdeljić Osijek, 2016. J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Double major BA programme in English Language and Literature and Hungarian Language and Literature Ines Trusk Engrish: English Influence on East Asian Languages BA thesis Supervisor: Tanja Gradečak Erdeljić, Associate Professor Osijek, 2016 J. J. Strossmayer University
    [Show full text]
  • I What Ls,.Amerlgall'! EIGLISH? in Our Multicurtural Heritage
    400.mi,ion people fl,f,:l,ll-tely speak Englishas their tirsr tunguage. English The second section in this chapter explores English as a global language-one is.rhe.tirst runguage fbr the majority of citizens of the United stntes, the united lhat reflects the multicultural influences in a common tongue. The section begins Kingdom, canada, Australia, stutn arri"u, New zealano, rr"ronJ, ,nd the many with an essay by one of the leading linguistic authorities on the topic of the global- islunds in the caribbeal. throughout tt. *orrJ a, u p.ere*ed izntion of the English language, David crystal. crystal explains the factors that second language, lausht "*t"nriu"iy it is th.e dominant ranguaie for internationut drive a language to become global and why globalization--despite what some crit- entertainment, .o--unications, science, diplomacy, meailcini and business. fnt"r"rtingfy, ics may claim-could be good for the planet. His piece is countered by another countries in some where English i: preferred spoken noted language 1?r_,1" language, it is the official ran- authority, Barbara wallraff, who argues that English is not really guuge, including the Marshail Islands, philippines, cam"roon, the and Zimbabwe. lhe global language, at least not in the way many people think. There are different This chapter takes a croser look at "linglishes" English usage rocally in the United states, and they are not all the same, posing a challenge to true universal un- und globally around the world. Is .arr".i"., there ,ulr, u tt ing a, nrgurt ,,r ena tlcrstanding.
    [Show full text]
  • US History/Civil War 1 US History/Civil War
    US History/Civil War 1 US History/Civil War Politics Before The War In the presidential election of 1860 the Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln as its candidate. Party spirit soared as leaders declared that slavery could spread no farther. The party also promised a tariff for the protection of industry and pledged the enactment of a law granting free homesteads to settlers who would help in the opening of the West. The Democrats were not united. Southerners split from the party and nominated Vice President John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky for president. Stephen A. Douglas was the nominee of northern Democrats. Diehard Whigs from the border states, formed into the Constitutional Union Party, nominated John C. Bell of Tennessee. Lincoln and Douglas competed in the North, and Breckenridge and Bell in the South. Lincoln won only 39 percent of the popular vote, but had a clear majority of 180 electoral votes, carrying all 18 free states. Bell won Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia; Breckenridge took the other slave states except for Missouri, which was won by Douglas. Despite his poor electoral showing, Douglas trailed only Lincoln in the popular vote. Lincoln's election made South Carolina's secession from the Union a foregone conclusion. Causes of the Civil War The top five causes of the Civil War are: • Social and Economic differences between the North and South • States verus Federal Rights • The fight between slave and non-slave advocates • Abolition growth • Election of Abraham Lincoln [1] Dixie's Constitution By the end of March, 1861, the Confederacy had created a constitution and elected its first and only president, Jefferson Davis.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospecting Proto- Plateau
    Prospecting Proto- Plateau [DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT -NOT FOR CITATION WITHOUT REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This version: Cambridge, April 24, 2008 R.M. Blench Prospecting proto-Plateau. Circulated for comment TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES.........................................................................................................................................................ii 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The Plateau languages............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Existing subclassification of Plateau languages...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Reconstructing Plateau: methodological assumptions ............................................................................ 3 1.4 Language status and language endangerment ......................................................................................... 4 1.5 Plateau languages in education and the media ........................................................................................ 4 1.6 Plateau languages in politics; issues of administrative delineation.........................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Mnlilslffislßl SIGNAL BOOK UNITED STATES ARMY
    Uifh '^r MnlilSlffiSlßl SIGNAL BOOK UNITED STATES ARMY v 1916 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 NOV 0 8 1988 WAR DEPARTMENT Document No. 500 Office ofthe Chief Sijnal Officer ADDITIONALCOPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE•SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE "WASHINGTON,D. C. AT 20 CENTS PER COPY V War Department, Office of the Chief of Staff. > Washington, April15, 1916. The followingSignal Book, prepared by the Chief Signal Officer of the Army,is approved and herewith issued for the information and government of the Regular Army and the Organized Militia of the United States. It supersedes Signal Book, United States Army, 1914, and its provisions willbe strictly observed throughout the service. order of the Secretary of War: H.L. Scott, Major General, Chief ofStaff. 3 CONTENTS. Page. Part I. General Instructions for Army Signaling 7 11. The American Morse Code 9 111. The International Morse or General Service Code. \u25a0 12 IV. Visual Signaling ingeneral 15 V. Visual Signaling by Flag, Torch, Hand Lan­ tern, or Beam of Searchlight (without shut­ ter) 17 VI. Signaling with Heliograph, Flash Lantern, or Searchlight (with shutter) 18 VII.The Ardois System 19 VIII.Signaling by Two-ArmSemaphore . 21 Stationary Semaphore 21 Hand Flags withTwo-ArmSemaphore Code. 21 IX.Letter Codes: Infantry .' 23 Cavalry. 24 Field Artillery ..... 24 Coast Artillery , 26 X. Conventional and Preconcerted Signals with Rockets, Bombs, Small Arms, Guns, Coston Lights, Very Pistols, etc 2828 XI.Flag Signals by Permanent Hoist. 31 XII.Conventional Telephone Signals 33 XIII.Emergency Signals '.. 34 XIV.Additional and Improvised Codes. 38 XV.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Press (University of California, Office of the President)
    University of California Press (University of California, Office of the President) Year Paper vol Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction James A. Matisoff University of California, Berkeley This paper is posted at the eScholarship Repository, University of California. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucpress/ucpl/vol 135 Copyright c 2003 by the author. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction Abstract This 800-page volume is a clear and readable presentation of the current state of research on the history of the Tibeto-Burman (TB) language family, a typologically diverse group of over 250 languages spoken in Southern China, the Himalayas, NE India, and peninsular Southeast Asia. The TB languages are the only proven relatives of Chinese, with which they form the great Sino-Tibetan family. The exposition is systematic, treating the reconstruction of all the elements of the TB proto-syllable in turn, including initial consonants (Ch. III), prefixes (Ch. IV), monophthongal and diphthongal rhymes (Ch. V), final nasals (Ch. VII), final stops (Ch. VIII), final liquids (Ch. IX), root-final *-s (Ch. X), suffixes (Ch. XI). Particular attention is paid to variational phenomena at all historical levels (e.g. Ch. XII “Allofamic variation in rhymes”). This Handbook builds on the best previous scholarship, and adds up-to-date material that has accumulated over the past 30 years. It contains reconstruc- tions of over a thousand Tibeto-Burman roots, as well as suggested comparisons with several hundred Chinese etyma. It is liberally indexed and cross-referenced for maximum accessibility and internal consistency.
    [Show full text]
  • English in Japan: from Foreign to International Language
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE English in Japan: From Foreign to International Language 著者 James R. HUNT journal or Journal of Regional Development Studies publication title volume 23 page range 57-66 year 2020-03 URL http://doi.org/10.34428/00011809 Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja Journal of Regional Development Studies (2020) 57 English in Japan: From Foreign to International Language James R. HUNT Abstract From the well known lexical differences between native English speaking countries (e.g. BrE ‘pavement’, AmE ‘sidewalk’, AuE ‘footpath’), to the “striking variations in English which are emerging all over the world” (Crystal, 2003, p. 3), English is a plural language, it is spreading and dominating, and in the process it is changing and adapting to the needs of its new users. This paper outlines the historical development of the English language before discussing the status and role of English in Japan, a country where it has been argued that English is still very much considered “foreign” (Seargeant, 2011). It also considers the extent to which ‘nativization’ has occurred, and situates these thoughts in a global English as an International Language (EIL) context. Keywords EIL, ELF, EFL, World Englishes, nativization 1. Introduction English is the most widely used and learned language in the world (Yano, 2011, p. 126). Tracing its origins to Anglo-Saxon invaders sometime in the fifth century, the language developed through interaction with the indigenous population, and the lexicogrammatical assimilation of Latin, Scandinavian languages, and Norman French.
    [Show full text]
  • An Easter Island Report from 1969
    Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 21 Issue 1 Article 9 2007 A Look Back: An Easter Island Report from 1969 Shawn McLaughlin Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific Islands Commons, and the Pacific Islands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation McLaughlin, Shawn (2007) "A Look Back: An Easter Island Report from 1969," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 21 : Iss. 1 , Article 9. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol21/iss1/9 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McLaughlin: An Easter Island Report from 1969 is high and precipitou , allowing of no landing, except in one snug little cove on the northern hore; on the ea t and we t the coast i low and much indented, so that, although EASTER LD REpORT FROM I 1869 rocky, landing may be effected in orne places on the side The following is a report publi hed in the London Times that happen to be leeward. Cook' -bay, or Hanga-roa, on from January 21 1869 by W. A. Powell, who wa on board the we tern hore, afford good anchorage from October till the HMS Topaze during it vi it to Easter Island the previ­ April, the ea on of the trade; in otber month it i often a ou year.
    [Show full text]