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Sobre La Lealtad a Los Ciudadanos Ya 175 6 Sobre la lealtad a los ciudadanos y a las instituciones: la trasgresión de los principios éticos y de conducta individual y política 176 POR LA CONVIVENCIA DEMOCRÁTICA Para reventar España, para hacer daño a los intereses españoles “El interés [de mi partido] para ir a las Cortes españolas es para hacer política indepen- dentista, es decir, para reventar España desde dentro, para defender los intereses de Cataluña, para hacer daño a los intereses españoles y para utilizarlo como plataforma mediática de cara a los medios españoles, a los catalanes y a los internacionales.” Alfons López Tena, diputado y portavoz en el parlamento catalán de Solidaritat Ca- talana, en declaraciones a la televisión pública autonómica TV3, el 20 de septiembre de 2011. Un truco muy conocido “Vemos que sus responsables [de la Generalitat de Cataluña] están utilizando un truco muy conocido y muy desacreditado, es decir, el de convertirse en el perseguido, en la víctima, y así hemos podido leer en ciertas declaraciones que España nos persigue, que nos boicotea, que nos recorta el Estatuto, que nos desprecia, que se deja llevar por an- tipatías hacia nosotros, que les duele y se arrepienten del hecho de haber reconocido nuestros derechos e incluso, hace unos días llegaron a afirmar que toda la campaña anticatalanista que se realiza va encaminada a expulsarnos de la vida política.” Josep Tarradellas, diputado por Esquerra Republicana de Cataluña en la II República, Presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña en el exilio y primer Presidente de la Gene- ralitat tras su restablecimiento durante la transición, carta al director de La Vanguar- dia, 4 de abril de 1981. Un canto de odio y fanatismo “Quizás parecerán pasados de moda e incluso ridículos a los ojos de esta generación de catalanistas que, a base de exageraciones patrioteras, ha llegado a descubrir que, como los antiguos griegos pero sin tener los fundamentos que ellos tenían, tienen que declarar bárbaros a los no catalanes o incluso a los que no piensan, ni hablan, ni rezan como ellos, a pesar de que hayan nacido en Cataluña […] Tenemos que hacer cons- tar que no tenemos nada en común con el catalanismo o el regionalismo al uso, que pretende sintetizar sus deseos y aspiraciones con un canto de odio y fanatismo, que resucita o medio resucita de un periodo anormal y funesto de la historia de nuestras disensiones.” Valentí Almirall, Lo catalanisme, 1902. Esa es la verdad de España “Es verdad que hay nacionalistas pacíficos, cultos, benignos y que parecen inofensivos. No nos engañemos, ésa es una apariencia, ésa es una postura fugaz, momentánea; basta escarbar lo que se esconde tras ella, y lo que se esconde tras ella es el prejuicio, es en última instancia la discriminación, el encono, la violencia. España es un país que hace muy pocos años dio al mundo un ejemplo que el mundo entero aplaudió y admiró, una transición pacífica de la opresión a la libertad, de la dictadura a la democracia, del subdesarrollo al desarrollo, del ensimismamiento nacionalista a la apertura y a una integración en el mundo. En muy pocos años España se convirtió en un país del pri- mer mundo y en un ejemplo a seguir. Un ejemplo que, en América Latina, fue seguido. CAPITULO 6 177 Probablemente la transición chilena, de la dictadura a la democracia, no hubiera sido lo que fue sin el ejemplo español. Probablemente sin el ejemplo español, América Cen- tral, que vivía en la guerra, en la revolución, en la división, en el encono, en la violencia, no hubiera vivido todos aquellos procesos de paz que han convertido, por primera vez en su historia, a Centroamérica en una región pacífica, de democracias más o menos libres. Esa es la verdad de España.” Mario Vargas-Llosa, Premio Nobel de Literatura, El Mundo, 21 de noviembre de 2013 Es de lamentar que, a la hora de promover ciertos proyectos políticos, algunas instancias públi- cas catalanas, algunos representantes políticos de Cataluña y algunos sectores secesionistas actúen con menosprecio de los principios éticos y de conducta que exigimos hoy día los ciuda- danos a nuestros representantes y a los poderes públicos. Es preciso preguntarse, ante estas actuaciones, por qué se violentan los principios -que de- ben guiar a los poderes públicos- de objetividad, neutralidad, imparcialidad, responsabilidad o lealtad institucional; es preciso plantearse por qué se actúa con desprecio a la ética de las instituciones, debemos preguntarnos, en fin, por qué se infringen los principios de respeto a los individuos y al conjunto de los ciudadanos, que nos obligan a todos. Como revela la opinión de dos catalanistas históricos que encabeza estas líneas, tal proceder no es de hoy día. Pero hoy día, este proceder sigue mereciendo la crítica, como la siguiente, de algún grupo par- lamentario: “El pasado 1 de octubre la revista de historia "Sapiens", editada en Cataluña, daba inicio a la campaña 'El mon ha de saber”. Entre las iniciativas enmarcadas en esta campaña está la publicación, en color y en gran formato, del libro llamado 'Catalonia Calling: El mundo lo tiene que saber', que al parecer se ha remitido a alrededor de 15.000 persona- lidades influyentes del mundo. En el mismo, se hace una particular reinterpretación de la historia de Cataluña, víctima de una secular opresión y expolio por parte de España, cla- ramente enfocada a dar un soporte y una justificación al movimiento independentista catalán, al margen todo ello del más mínimo rigor histórico y con la clara intencionalidad de desprestigiar y difamar a la democracia española. Dicha campaña propagandística ha contado con la colaboración de la patronal catalana PIIVIEC y de los 'Casáls Catalans' en el extranjero. En este sentido, cabe recordar que en los Presupuestos Generales del Estado para el año 2014 se destina un total de 1.5 millones de euros para la edición y publicación de revistas en lenguas cooficiales (como es el caso de la revista "Sapiens"). Asimismo, PIMEC recibe anualmente la cuantía de 2.3 millones de euros de los presu- puestos de la Generalitat Catalana y los 'Casáls Catalans' alrededor de 1.4 millones de euros de estos mismos presupuestos. En definitiva, una vez más constatamos que se está destinando dinero del erario público para la publicación y difusión de libros y revis- tas que, distorsionando claramente la historia de nuestro país, sirven de plataforma de lanzamiento a un proceso independentista como el del Gobierno Catalán, que no solo es ilegal y, por lo tanto, contrario al Estado de Derecho, sino que de forma continuada se construye sobre un discurso de tintes xenófobos y fundado en la incitación al odio. Por todo ello el Grupo Parlamentario de Unión Progreso y Democracia presenta las siguien- tes preguntas para las que se solicita respuesta por escrito: 178 POR LA CONVIVENCIA DEMOCRÁTICA 1. ¿Va a tomar el Gobierno alguna medida para evitar que con fondos públicos se sub- vencionen publicaciones como la antes referida que, manipulando la historia, promue- ven un proceso independentista ilegal sobre la base de la incitación al odio? 2. ¿Qué medidas piensa adoptar el Gobierno para evitar o contrarrestar la campaña que, con fondos públicos, está promoviendo la Generalitat para desprestigiar España a nivel internacional?” Grupo parlamentario UPyD, Congreso de los Diputados, 24 enero 2014. Podría adelantarse una respuesta a todas estas preguntas: si el Derecho Internacional recono- ce el principio de autodeterminación a quienes sufran situación colonial, a pueblos anexionados por conquista u ocupación y a pueblos oprimidos por violación masiva y flagrante de sus dere- chos, el independentismo deduce de ello que no basta con manipular la historia pasada, sino que es necesario desfigurar también la realidad española de hoy día, menospreciando el Estado social y democrático de Derecho hasta convertir a España precisamente en eso: un país tota- litario, que solo por la fuerza mantiene prisioneros a algunos de sus conciudadanos, a quienes se dedica a robar. Solo si se persuade a la sociedad internacional de que esa es la verdadera realidad de la España actual podrá, a juicio de los separatistas, lograrse la autodeterminación. 6.1 La descalificación del Estado social y democrático de derecho ¿Cómo demostramos [a la comunidad internacional] que estamos sometidos colonial- mente u ocupados por una fuerza militar extranjera”? Ponencia política aprobada el 6 de julio de 2013 en la Conferencia Nacional por la República catalana del partido político Esquerra Republicana. “En definitiva, el objetivo político que se nos presenta hoy, con la misma actualidad y vigencia que cuando se promulgó la Constitución, es el de la estabilidad del pacto. Desde el punto de vista objetivo, esto quiere decir que el phoedus constitucional es un valor político fundamental. Desde el punto de vista subjetivo quiere decir que a los ciudadanos del Estado, tanto en su condición de pueblo del conjunto como en la de miembros de las Comunidades, la Constitución y, por tanto, el Tribunal Constitucional, les debe exigir, mientras esa Constitución exista, una fidelidad al proyecto común.” Jose Ramón Recalde, profesor emérito de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad de Deusto en San Sebastián, en “Convivencia ciudadana y sentimientos de identidad”, Ayer. Revista de historia contemporánea, 1999. Esta desconsideración por determinados principios éticos lleva a algunos separatistas a sope- sar cuáles son las descalificaciones más eficaces, a los ojos de la opinión pública extranjera, para desacreditar el ejemplo de convivencia democrática, libre y plural, en que consiste la Es- paña de hoy. Para situar algunas de las informaciones que se proporcionan a continuación –las referentes a descalificaciones con origen en instituciones de la Generalitat- conviene recordar cuáles son los CAPITULO 6 179 medios y pautas de actuación institucionales de la Generalitat de Cataluña en el exterior, cuál es la naturaleza del Consejo de la Diplomacia Pública de Cataluña o Diplocat, según palabras del Gobierno de la Generalitat de Cataluña, así como cuáles son las reacciones de la opinión pública al respecto.
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