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The Internet and the Electoral Communication

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33 QUADERNS DEL CAC The Internet and the electoral communication 2009 December 2009 ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat QUADERNS DEL CAC 33, December 2009 Quaderns del CAC is a journal dedicated to analyze the big topics about audiovisual communication policies, and in general, the contemporary audiovisual culture. Edited by the Consell Audiovisual de Catalunya, the journal intends to be a meeting point to discuss about the audiovisual from a Catalan perspective with international vocation. Editorial Board: Santiago Ramentol (editor), Dolors Comas d’Argemir, Rafael Jorba, Elisenda Malaret, Victòria Camps, Joan Manuel Tresserras Editors: Josep Gifreu (director), Maria Corominas (executive director), Sylvia Montilla (general coordinator), Carles Llorens (book review editor), Núria Fernández and Pablo Santcovsky (book review, jour- nal review, website review), Carme Duran (secretary) Advisory Board: Salvador Alsius (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Monica (Glasgow University), Miquel Tresserras (Universitat Ramon Llull, Ariño (Ofcom, Londres), Lluís Bonet (Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona), Gloria Tristani (Spiegel & McDiarmid LLP, Washington), Milly Buonanno (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"), Imma Tubella (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya), Manuel Ángel Enrique Bustamante (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Marc Vázquez Medel (Universidad de Sevilla), George Yúdice (University Carrillo (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Divina Frau-Meigs of Miami), Ramón Zallo (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko (Université Paris 3-Sorbonne), Ángel García Castillejo (Comisión del Unibertsitatea). Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones), Maria Jesús García Morales (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), François Jongen (Université Catholique de Louvain), Margarita Ledo (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Joan Majó (Cercle per al Coneixement), Jesús Martín Barbero (Bogotà), Andrea Millwood Hargrave (International Institute of Communications, Oxford University), Miquel de Moragas (Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona), Nancy Morris (Temple University, Filadèlfia), Tomás de la Quadra-Salcedo (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Alessandro Pace (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"), Jordi Pericot (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Francisco Pinto Balsemão (Consell Europeu d’Editors), Emili Prado (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Monroe E. Price (University of Pennsylvania), Artemi Rallo (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos), Philip Schlesinger Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya President: Ramon Font Bové Vice president: Domènec Sesmilo i Rius Translation: Tracy Byrne Secretary: Santiago Ramentol i Massana Page Layout: Yago Díaz Members of the Council: Dolors Comas d’Argemir i Cendra, Rafael Jorba i Castellví, Elisenda Malaret i Garcia, Josep Micaló i Aliu, Esteve Orriols i Sendra, Josep Pont i Sans, Fernando Rodríguez Legal Diposit Book: B-17.999/98 Madero ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat General Secretary: Joan Barata i Mir E-mail: [email protected] Entença, 321 - 08029 Barcelona Tel. 93 363 25 25 Fax 93 363 24 78 [email protected] www.cac.cat QUADERNS ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Contents Introduction 3 Observatory 95 Monographic: DOLORS COMAS D’ARGEMIR The Internet and the electoral communication 5 Women on TV news programmes 95 EVA ANDUIZA FABIOLA ALCALÁ, SALVADOR ALSIUS AND FRANCESC SALGADO The Internet, election campaigns and citizens: The use of images of dead people on television state of affairs 5 and other media. The opinion of the journalists of Catalonia 107 TERESA TURIERA-PUIGBÒ How is Internet use changing the way MARGARITA RIVIÈRE in which politics is carried out and communicated? 13 Fame, the media and public opinion 117 MARIA DEL CARMEN ECHAZARRETA AND SÍLVIA LLOVERAS SÍLVIA ESPINOSA Politics 2.0 with the Nintendo generation 21 The first radio presenters in Catalonia, from the invention's beginning to the early days MARÍA DOLORES MONTERO of Franco's regime 123 Political e-mobilisation and participation in the election campaigns of Ségolène Royal (2007) and Barack Obama (2008) 27 Agenda 131 PERE-ORIOL COSTA Critical book review Barack Obama's use of the Internet CONCEPCIÓN CASCAJOSA is transforming political communication 35 Medina, M. Series de televisión. El caso de “Médico de familia”, “Cuéntame cómo pasó” y “Los Serrano”. 131 GUILLERMO LÓPEZ GARCÍA AND TÍSCAR LARA Weblogs and electoral processes: the Spanish political LORETO CORREDOIRA blogosphere with regard to the 2008 general elections 43 Goldfarb, R. In Confidence: What to Protect Secrecy and When to Require Disclosure. 133 FÉLIX REDONDO The 2009 Galician elections through political DAVID FERNÁNDEZ QUIJADA leaders’ blogs 53 Artero Muñoz, J. P. Modelos estratégicos de Telecinco (1990-2005). 135 ØYVIND KALNES E-ruptions in Party Politics? FRANCISCO J. PÉREZ LATRE The case of Web 2.0 and Norwegian Parties 63 Fletcher, W. T. Powers of Persuasion. The Inside Story of British Advertising. 137 KOSTAS ZAFIROPOULOS AND VASILIKI VRANA The impact of political events on blog MIQUEL RODRIGO conversational patterns: two cases from Greece 77 Martínez Nicolás, M. Para investigar la comunicación. Propuestas teórico-metodológicas. 139 KAVITA KARAN, JACQUES D. M. GIMENO AND EDSON TANDOC, JR. Books review 141 Grassroots Organizations Go Online: The Case Journals review 145 of Party-List Winners and New Media Technologies Websites review 149 in the 2007 Philippines Elections 87 Manuscript submissions guidelines 153 Book reviews guidelines 155 1 Quaderns del CAC 33, December 2009 QUADERNS ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Introduction A new chapter Ever faithful to its desire to encourage critical analysis and debate concerning culture and audiovisual media in today's world, Quaderns del CAC has started to renovate its format and content, culminating in the first edition of 2010. Gradual changes have been made throughout 2009 with a new design and format, as well as a renewed editorial board and international advisory board made up of experts, researchers and professionals of great prestige in their respective areas. The journal's founding goals continue to apply and these changes are aimed at enhancing the quality of the research published and its dissemination. On the one hand, such aims result in an approach to the field of communication and audiovisual culture from different disciplinary perspectives (social, political, legal, economic, humanistic and techno- logical) and, on the other hand, a call for particular attention to be paid, within the context of European and interna- tional investigation, to research closer to the Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya's own areas of competence (in geo- graphical and thematic terms). The journal will continue to be published online in Catalan, Spanish and English and will also publish an offline version in Catalan. In this new chapter, the journal will include a guest article to start each issue; the "Monographic theme" section remains and the "Observatory" section will be extended with articles from high quality research by academic and pro- fessional centres and groups. The "Observatory" articles will be subject to a blind review procedure. Quaderns del CAC therefore invites audiovisual researchers to submit and publish their research findings in this sec- tion of the journal. Issue 33 Electoral processes are undergoing significant transformations due to the impact of new information and communica- tion technologies and especially the Internet. Access to and control of the screen, which is shifting from being a trans- mitter of images and messages to an increasingly more active and interactive interface in the Web 2.0 era, are the object of renewed interest both in terms of political and communicative action and also in terms of research. In its 33rd edition, Quaderns del CAC has dedicated its "Monographic theme" to “The Internet and electoral com- munication”. The aim is to present a state of affairs concerning the new forms and practices of communication via the Internet in election campaigns. It is interesting to examine and evaluate the new uses and trends detected in the behaviour of the three main actors of online electoral communication: parties and candidates; the media; and citizens and social movements. A first block of three articles deals with the general state of affairs. Eva Anduiza reviews the literature specialising in the Internet and how it affects electoral processes and campaign planning (“The Internet, election campaigns and citizens: state of affairs”). Teresa Turiera-Puigbò examines how the emergence of the Internet and its growing use have led to drastic changes in how politics is communicated and "consumed" ("How is Internet use changing the way in which politics is carried out and communicated?”). Maria del Carmen Echazarreta and Sílvia Lloveras claim that the emergence of Web 2.0 has transformed the uses and strategies of political communication to the extent of now being able to speak of “Politics 2.0” (“Politics 2.0 with the Nintendo generation”). The next two collaborations analyse in detail the new contributions made by Obama's recent campaign. M. Dolores Montero studies and compares how citizens were mobilised via the Internet by Ségolène Royal in France and how this mobilisation was further enhanced by Obama a year later (”Political e-mobilisation and participation in the election campaigns of Ségolène Royal (2007) and Barack Obama (2008)”). Pere-Oriol Costa provides an in-depth investiga- tion of Obama's online electoral strategy and claims
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  • REPORT 4Th Annual ENCATC Policy Debate

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    REPORT 4th Annual ENCATC Policy Debate Financing the Arts in Challenging Times: Policies, Business Models and Good Practice from Europe and the USA 4 July 2014 // Brussels, Belgium Organised by In partnership with In artistic partnership with Hosted by With the support of Creative Europe Desk Belgique Wallonie-Bruxelles 4th Annual ENCATC Policy Debate Report 2014 www.encatc.org 4th Annual ENCATC Policy Debate Report Table of Contents Foreword 3 Keynote address 4 Annick Schramme, ENCATC President and Professor at the University of Antwerp/Antwerp Management School Policy Debate summary 9 Essay 14 Mia Pearlman, Artist Food for thought... 16 ENCATC is the leading European network on Cultural Management and Cultural Policy Education. It is an independent membership organisation gathering over Documents from the Policy Debate 17 100 higher education institutions and cultural organisations in over 40 countries. ENCATC was founded in 1992 to Programme 17 represent, advocate and promote cultural management and cultural policy education, professionalise the cultural sector to make it sustainable, and to create a platform of Speakers 18 discussion and exchange at the European and international level. ENCATC Artists & Exhibition 21 Avenue Maurice, 1 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Participants Tel/Fax: +32.2.201.29.12 24 www.encatc.org About ENCATC 28 Cover photo: Looking4poetry CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Partners 29 4th Annual ENCATC Policy Debate Report 2014 2 www.encatc.org Foreword On 4 July in Brussels, under the patronage of the the development of joint projects and partnerships European Cultural Parliament, ENCATC held its 4th with private companies. Surely, fundraising could Annual ENCATC Policy Debate “Financing the Arts regard individuals as well, but usually most of this in Challenging Times: Policies, Business kind of income comes from companies that wish to Models and Good Practice from Europe and the improve their public image through donations or USA” at The Centre - Edelman Brussels.