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Weathering, Erosion, and Susceptibility to Weathering Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack
Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack To cite this version: Henri Robert George Kenneth Hack. Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering. Kanji, Milton; He, Manchao; Ribeira e Sousa, Luis. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Springer Inter- national Publishing, pp.291-333, 2020, 9783030294779. 10.1007/978-3-030-29477-9. hal-03096505 HAL Id: hal-03096505 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03096505 Submitted on 5 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in: Hack, H.R.G.K., 2020. Weathering, erosion and susceptibility to weathering. 1 In: Kanji, M., He, M., Ribeira E Sousa, L. (Eds), Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1 ed, Ch. 11. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. ISBN: 9783030294779. DOI: 10.1007/978303029477-9_11. pp. 291-333. Weathering, erosion, and susceptibility to weathering H. Robert G.K. Hack Engineering Geology, ESA, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] phone: +31624505442 Abstract: Soft grounds are often the result of weathering. Weathering is the chemical and physical change in time of ground under influence of atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and nuclear radiation (temperature, rain, circulating groundwater, vegetation, etc.). -
Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California
The Resources Agency California Geological Survey Michael Chrisman, Secretary for Resources Dr. John G. Parrish, State Geologist Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California to accompany California Geological Survey Note 48 Checklist by Robert H. Sydnor, Senior Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs July 1, 2005 316 pages Engineering Geology and Seismology performance–based analysis, diligent subsurface for Public Schools and Hospitals sampling, careful reading of the extensive geologic in California literature, thorough knowledge of the California Building Code, combined with competent professional geological work. by Robert H. Sydnor Engineering geology aspects of hospital and public California Geological Survey school sites include: regional geology, regional fault July 1, 2005 316 pages maps, site-specific geologic mapping, geologic cross- sections, active faulting, official zones of investigation Abstract for liquefaction and landslides, geotechnical laboratory The 446+ hospitals, 1,400+ skilled nursing facilities testing of samples, expansive soils, soluble sulfate ±9,221 public schools, and 109 community college evaluation for Type II or V Portland-cement selection, campuses in California are regulated under California and flooding. Code of Regulations, Title 24, California Building Code. Seismology aspects include: evaluation of historic These facilities are plan–checked by senior–level seismicity, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Registered Structural Engineers within the Office of earthquake ground–motion, use of proper code terms Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) (Upper–Bound Earthquake ground–motion and Design– for hospitals and skilled nursing facilities, and the Basis ground–motion), classification of the geologic Division of the State Architect (DSA) for public schools, subgrade by shear–wave velocity to select the correct community colleges, and essential services buildings. -
Principles of Engineering Geology Principles of Engineering Geology
PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY P. B. ATTEWELL and I. W. FARMER University of Durham LONDON CHAPMAN AND HALL A Halsted Press Book JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., NEW YORK First published 1976 by Chapman and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE © 1976 J. E. Attewell and L. C. Attewell Sriftcover reprillt rifthe hardcover 1ft editiolt 1976 Typeset by Preface Ltd, Salisbury, Wilts Fletcher & Son Ltd, Norwich ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5709-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5707-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5707-7 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Distributed in the U.S.A. by Halsted Press, a Division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Attewell, P B Principles of engineering geology. 1. Engineering geology. I. Farmer, Ian William, joint author. II. Title. TA705.A87 1975 624'151 75-20012 Contents Preface xi Symbols xvii Composition of Rocks 1 1.1 Origin and geological classification of rocks 1 1.2 Rock forming minerals 7 1.3 Clay minerals 16 1.4 Base exchange and water adsorption in clay minerals 20 1.5 Mineralogical identification 25 2 Rock Particles and Particle Systems 30 2.1 Rock particle classification 30 2.2 Typical rock particle systems 33 2.3 Physical properties of particulate systems -
Popularizing Geological Education Among Civil Engineering Students Chen Xiang-Jun1,A and Zhou Ying2
JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION 60, 228–233 (2012) Popularizing Geological Education Among Civil Engineering Students Chen Xiang-jun1,a and Zhou Ying2 ABSTRACT The sustainable development of an economy and a society cannot be realized without the help of modern geoscience. Engineering geology knowledge is necessary on a civil engineering construction site to ensure the construction work goes smoothly. This paper first discusses the importance of geoscience, especially the study of engineering geology. Then, the current Chinese engineering geology course for civil engineering students is summarized. The engineering geology course at Shijiazhuang Tiedao University is described in detail, including its history, its content, and some teaching tactics for the course. The paper closes with an evaluation of the effects of the teaching tactics. Ó 2012 National Association of Geoscience Teachers. [DOI: 10.5408/10-207.1] Key words: engineering geology, civil engineering IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGICAL STUDY geological science can tell humans how to exploit and utilize On 19 June 2007, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jia-bao, resources reasonably, reduce consumption of resources, who is also a geologist, expounded on the importance of reduce environmental damage, and prevent geological geological study when he talked with officials of the hazards. The harmony between Earth and humans funda- International Union of Geological Sciences. The prime mentally depends on the progress of geology. Improving the minister said he believes that the tasks of modern geoscience, level of geological research can help humans face the which is closely connected with the economy, society, and challenges of energy scarcity, environment destruction, environment, are to support the sustainable development of natural disasters, and so on. -
Engineering Geologist Examination Content
CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS AND REFERENCES FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGIST EXAMINATION I. PROJECT PLANNING (17%) – Determine scope and objectives of project, applicable regulatory or jurisdictional statutes, and evaluate research and background information. Tasks T1. Define type and level of engineering geologic investigation for intended application. T2. Plan monitoring system to quantify ground movement and fluctuations in groundwater. T3. Identify types and quantity of subsurface explorations to adequately characterize the geologic conditions at the site for the intended application. T4. Identify regulatory permits and requirements for field exploration and project application. T5. Review grading and development plans to evaluate potential impacts from adverse geologic conditions and impacts to exploration program. T6. Plan areal reconnaissance to evaluate potential geologic impacts and constraints on site exploration and development. T7. Review published and unpublished geologic information to identify geologic conditions that could impact site development. T8. Review site conditions, and historical and anecdotal information to support observed geological conditions, past site usage and site modification. T9. Review aerial photographs and other remote sensing data to plan explorations, and identify past site usage, ground surface changes and landforms. T10.Plan laboratory programs to characterize earth materials for intended application. References • 1997 Uniform Building Code • Bell, F. G. (1998). Environmental geology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. • Burns, S. (1998). Environmental, groundwater and engineering geology: Applications from Oregon. Belmont, CA: Star Publishing Company • Cheny, R. & Chassie, R. (2000). Soils and foundations workshop reference manual. Washington, DC: National Highway Institute Publication NHI-00-045, Federal Highway Administration • Crandell, D. R., & Mullineaux, D. R. (1975). Technique and rationale of volcanic hazards appraisals in the Cascade Range, northwestern United States. -
Engineering Geology the University of Toledo Department of Environmental Sciences EEES-3250, (43488)
Engineering Geology The University of Toledo Department of Environmental Sciences EEES-3250, (43488) Instructor: James Martin-Hayden Term: Fall 2015 Email: [email protected] Class Location: BO-1006 Office Hours: M-Th, 11:30am-12:45pm Class Day/Time: TR 3:45-5:25pm Office Location: BO-3051A (in back of lab BO-3051) Credit Hours: 3 Office Phone: 419-530-2634 (use email if no answer) COURSE/CATALOG DESCRIPTION Application of geologic principles to engineering practices (dams, tunnels, drainage, foundations and water supply). Labs stress rock and mineral identification, quality control tests in engineering design and construction using rock. COURSE OVERVIEW This class introduces the application of geologic principles to engineering practices through a series of readings, laboratory exercises and practical problems. The first portion of the class covers the fundamentals of geology including: plate tectonics and the resulting distributions of geologic materials and phenomena; mineral, rock and soil characterization; geologic structures; and construction and use of geologic maps. The remainder of the course investigates specific geologic processes and applications to engineering practices. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completing this course, the student will be able to: 1. Assess plate tectonic settings for geologic hazards and rock types expected, 2. Identify common rock-forming minerals as hand specimens and in rock samples, 3. Classify three types of rocks based on texture and composition, 4. Decipher geologic setting of sediment and rock formation, 5. Perform rock mechanic analyses including stress-strain relationships and rock mass classification, 6. Use strike/dip data to analyze and map dipping, folded, and faulted strata, 7. -
Engineering Geology in Washington, Volume I Washington Diviaion of Geology and Euth Resources Bulletin 78
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY IN WASHINGTON Volume I RICHARD W. GALSTER, Chairman Centennial Volume Committee Washington State Section, Association of Engineering Geologists WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES BULLETIN 78 1989 Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Section of the A~ociation or Engineering Geologists ''WNatural ASHINGTON STATE Resources DEPARTMENT OF Brian Boyle • Commlssloner 01 Public Lands Ari Stearns - Sup,,rvuor Division of Geology and Earth Resources Raymond LcumanJs. Slate Geologist The use of brand or trade names in this publication is for pur poses of identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources or the Association of Engineering Geologists. This report is for sale (as the set of two volumes only) by: Publications Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources Mail Stop PY-12 Olympia, WA 98504 Price $ 27.83 Tax 2.17 Total $ 30.00 Mail orders must be prepaid; please add $1.00 to each order for postage and handling. Make checks or money orders payable to the Department of Natural Resources. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America. ii VOLUME I DEDICATION . ................ .. .. ...... ............ .......................... X FOREWORD ........... .. ............ ................... ..... ................. xii LIST OF AUTHORS ............................................................. xiv INTRODUCTION Engineering Geology in Washington: Introduction Richard W. Galster, Howard A. Coombs, and Howard H. Waldron ................... 3 PART I: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ITS PRACTICE IN WASHINGTON Geologic Factors Affecting Engineered Facilities Richard W. Galster, Chapter Editor Geologic Factors Affecting Engineered Facilities: Introduction Richard W. Galster ................. ... ...................................... 17 Geotechnical Properties of Geologic Materials Jon W. Koloski, Sigmund D. Schwarz, and Donald W. -
Downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE)
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. * 9 * Geological aspects of geotechnical engineering Aspects geologiques de genie geotechnique G. TER-STEPANIAN, Prof., DrSc. (Eng.), Corr.Mem.Armen.Ac.Sc., Yerevan, Armenia, USSR SYNOPSIS Analytical methods used in soil mechanics are based on considerable simplifica tion of geological structure. The influence of geological conditions on geotechnical engineering is discussed. The inverse - influence of Man's activity on geological conditions - has become evident at present. Therefore, the knowledge of engineering geology and some other geological disciplines is important for geotechnical engineers. Geotechnical engineering should be separated from civil engineering and be engaged in foundation, fill, dam, and subsurface problems. Geomechanics is one of the bases of geotechnical engineering; it is concerned with studying the mechanisms of geological processes. Use of back analyses for integral evaluation of earthen masses, the observational method, and monitoring for decreasing the time and costs of construction are discussed. Combating geological hazards is one of the important geotechnical problems in the near future. Discussion topics are commented upon. INTRODUCTION be of prime importance in the turn of the century. It is a great honor for me to deliver this Theme Lecture before the International We live in a very dynamic, difficult, and Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation interesting time. -
Ce8393-Engineering-Geology
CE6301 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY VTHT VELTECH HIGH TECH Dr.RANGARAJAN Dr.SAKUNTHALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE AVADI, CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING LECTURER NOTES YEAR/SEM :II/III SUBJECT CODE/TITLE :CE6301/ ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FACULTY NAME :ANJALA.D UNIT I PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Geology in civil engineering – branches of geology – structure of earth and its composition – weathering of rocks – scale of weathering – soils - landforms and processes associated with river, wind, groundwater and sea – relevance to civil engineering. Plate tectonics SCOPE OF GEOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINERRING: It is defined as that of applied science which deal with the application of geology for a safe, stable and economic design and construction of a civil engineering project. Engineering geology is almost universally considered as essential as that of soil mechanics, strength of material, or theory of structures. The application of geological knowledge in planning, designing and construction of big civil engineering projects. The basic objects of a course in engineering geology are two folds. It enables a civil engineer to understand the engineering implications of certain condition should relate to the area of construction which is essentially geological in nature. It enables a geologist to understand the nature of the geological information that is absolutely essentially for a safe design and construction of a civil engineering projects. The scope of geology can be studied is best studied with reference to major activities of the profession of a civil engineer which are Construction Water resources development Town and regional planning GEOLOGY IN CONSTUCTION FIELD PLANNING Topographic Maps: It’s gives details of relief features and understands the relative merits and demerits of all the possible sides of proposed structure. -
Engineering Geology As an Interdisciplinary Field
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD Introduction The Association of Engineering and Environmental Geologists (AEG; www.aegweb.org) defines engineering geology as "[The] application of geologic data, techniques, and principles to the study of naturally occurring rock and soil materials or subsurface fluids. The purpose is to assure that geologic factors affecting the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of engineering structures and the development of groundwater resources are recognized, adequately interpreted, and presented for use in engineering practice". "Engineering Geology is the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of the engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works and activities of man as well as to the prediction and of the development of measures for prevention or remediation of geological hazards." (International Association of Engineering Geologists, https://www.iaeg.info/ IAEG statutes, 1992). See also several definitions of engineering geology on the web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_geology. What are engineering geologists? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_geologists Ignorance of geology (or a poor assessment of geology), and of geologic hazards (floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc.) cannot be tolerated in civil and environmental engineering projects. Failure to characterize the geological site and geological setting has too often resulted in needless structural damage, environmental disasters, or loss of life. In almost all cases, proper consultation with engineering geologists or geological engineers could have prevented such problems. You should be aware that an adequate geological site evaluation and exploration program is vital to a project and represents only a small percent of its overall cost. -
Guidelines on Meeting the Professional Education Requirements
Attachment C Guidelines on Meeting the Professional Education Requirements 1. Candidate must hold a BA or BS degree in geology or related geoscience (e.g., engineering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, earth science, environmental geoscience, etc.), from an accredited college or university; and 2. Candidates for geology licensure must possess a broad understanding of college-level mathematics, physical sciences and geological sciences. Evidence for such competency must include: a. At least six (6) semester hours in mathematics beyond college algebra and trigonometry such as calculus, statistics, linear algebra, differential equations or their equivalent and fifteen (15) additional semester hours in a combination of at least two of the following sciences: physics, chemistry, or biology or their equivalent; and b. a minimum of thirty (30) semester hours, or the equivalent, of approved geological sciences courses**. Twenty-four (24) of the thirty semester hours, or the equivalent, must be from the following subject areas, and must include at least one course from four of eight different areas; i. Earth Materials: The study of the structure, composition and origins of naturally occurring geological materials. Subjects that fall within this subarea include, but are not limited to: mineralogy, optical mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, petrography, geochemistry, and isotope geochemistry. ii. Sedimentary Geology: The study of sedimentary rocks, sedimentary basins and paleoenvironments. Subjects in this subarea include, but are not -
Engineering Geology
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT Lecture proposed by visiting Professor Vyacheslav Iegupov, Kharkiv National University for Civil Engineering and Architecture, March 2020. Target audience: Civil Engineering Students, Lecturers and practising professionals ____________________________________________________________________ Geology is one of the oldest areas of human activity and one of the most ancient sciences. The study of rocks, minerals, ores of various metals has been conducted for many centuries. Modern civilization on Earth is based on the use of rocks and minerals. From the first primitive tools made of flint, the extraction of fire with it, to the most advanced microcircuits, also made on a silicon basis. All metal products are made from ore minerals mined at different times from the earth's crust. All stone buildings and structures are built from materials made from mineral raw materials. The basis of modern artificial materials is also made up of natural minerals and substances. Using the complex approach of geological sciences, the history of the development of planet Earth and life on it was studied. According to modern scientific ideas, the Earth was formed 4.54 ± 0.04 billion years ago from a primary gas-dust cloud, together with other planets of the solar system. As a result of gravitational compression, heating and melting of the matter inside the Earth took place and a core was formed, surrounded by a series of concentric shells - the mantle, the earth's crust (lithosphere); hydrosphere and atmosphere formed later (fig. 1). In the center of the Earth is a metal core, consisting mainly of iron, with an admixture of silicon and nickel.