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Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California

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Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California The Resources Agency California Geological Survey Michael Chrisman, Secretary for Resources Dr. John G. Parrish, State Geologist Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California to accompany California Geological Survey Note 48 Checklist by Robert H. Sydnor, Senior Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs July 1, 2005 316 pages Engineering Geology and Seismology performance–based analysis, diligent subsurface for Public Schools and Hospitals sampling, careful reading of the extensive geologic in California literature, thorough knowledge of the California Building Code, combined with competent professional geological work. by Robert H. Sydnor Engineering geology aspects of hospital and public California Geological Survey school sites include: regional geology, regional fault July 1, 2005 316 pages maps, site-specific geologic mapping, geologic cross- sections, active faulting, official zones of investigation Abstract for liquefaction and landslides, geotechnical laboratory The 446+ hospitals, 1,400+ skilled nursing facilities testing of samples, expansive soils, soluble sulfate ±9,221 public schools, and 109 community college evaluation for Type II or V Portland-cement selection, campuses in California are regulated under California and flooding. Code of Regulations, Title 24, California Building Code. Seismology aspects include: evaluation of historic These facilities are plan–checked by senior–level seismicity, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Registered Structural Engineers within the Office of earthquake ground–motion, use of proper code terms Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) (Upper–Bound Earthquake ground–motion and Design– for hospitals and skilled nursing facilities, and the Basis ground–motion), classification of the geologic Division of the State Architect (DSA) for public schools, subgrade by shear–wave velocity to select the correct community colleges, and essential services buildings. earthquake attenuation formula, near–source The California Geological Survey (CGS) serves coefficients, peak ground acceleration (PGA), under contract as the advisor to these two sister state normalized spectral acceleration, and determination of agencies for engineering geology and seismology. The Seismic Zone 3 or Zone 4. CGS review work is performed by a Certified Liquefaction analysis for appropriate sites includes: Engineering Geologist. geologic setting, liquefaction methodology, dynamic To assist consulting geology and geotechnical firms compaction of sands (above and below the water table), with the preparation of their reports, the California lateral spreading, remedial options, and acceptance Geological Survey uses CGS Note 48, Checklist for the criteria for liquefaction remediation. Review of Engineering Geology and Seismology Reports Exceptional geologic hazards or complicated site for California Public Schools, Hospitals, and Essential conditions may possibly include: Phase I & II Services Buildings. This two–page checklist is meant to Environmental Site Assessment work for toxics, be used by the consulting Certified Engineering hazardous petroleum materials, environmental geology, Geologist and Registered Geotechnical Engineer. ground–water quality of drinking–water supplies, The purpose of this publication is to explain each of septic systems for suburban or rural campuses, the 52 sections within Note 48 checklist. It provides coseismic deformation and non-tectonic faulting, citations to the California Building Code, makes anthropic rise in groundwater surface, regional suggestions how to approach various geologic hazards, subsidence, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis & seiches, and provides practical references in engineering asbestos & tremolite, and Radon–222. geology, seismology, and geotechnical engineering. Review of the grading plans includes evaluation of The goal of this publication and Note 48 is to problems such as: cut/fill areas, over–excavation increase seismic safety for 35+ million Californians requirements, oversize boulders and rocky fills, orchard while streamlining the plan–check process to focus on rip–outs, subdrainage, surface drainage, seismic the relevant geologic hazards at a particular site. impedance across cut/fill lines, deep foundations, Construction schedules can be maintained and overall retaining walls, engineered fill buttresses, soil–nailed construction costs can be kept in line if consulting walls, geosynthetics, and gabions. geology and geotechnical firms prepare adequate and Current scientific publications in geology, appropriate reports that pass through DSA and OSHPD seismology, and geotechnical engineering are needed for plan–check on the first screening. CCR Title 24 projects. The geology of California is highly varied from the For hospitals and public schools, the consultants Nevada border to the Pacific Ocean, and from the must be properly licensed as Certified Engineering Oregon border to the Mexico border. One simple Geologists and Registered Geotechnical Engineers. checklist cannot cover every geologic hazard on each campus. An optimum approach includes: California Geological Survey ― Note 48 Checklist for the Review of Engineering Geology and Seismology Reports for California Public Schools, Hospitals, and Essential Services Buildings January 1, 2004 Note 48 is used by the California Geological Survey (CGS) to determine adequacy and completeness of consulting engineering geology, seismology, and geotechnical reports that are prepared under California Code of Regulations, Title 24, California Building Code. CCR Title 24 applies to California Public Schools, Hospitals, Skilled Nursing Facilities, and Essential Services Buildings. The Building Official for public schools is the Division of the State Architect (DSA). Hospitals and Skilled Nursing Facilities in California are under the jurisdiction of the Office of Statewide Health Planning & Development (OSHPD). The California Geological Survey serves under contract to these two state agencies for engineering geology and seismology review purposes. www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs Project Name: _____________________________ Location: _________________________________ OSHPD or DSA File # ______________________ Review by: _______________________________ Date Reviewed: ____________________________ California Certified Engineering Geologist # _________ Adequately Additional Checklist Item or Parameter within Consulting Report Described; Data Needed; N/A = not applicable N/R = not reviewed; not evaluated at this time Satisfactory Not Satisfactory Project Location 1. Site Location Map, Street Address, County Name, Plot Plan with Building Footprint 2. Adequate Number of Boreholes or Trenches - one per 5,000 ft², with minimum of 2 for any one building 3. Site Coordinates (latitude & longitude) -correctly plotted on a 7½-minute USGS quadrangle base-map Engineering Geology 4. Regional Geology and Regional Fault Maps — concise page-sized illustrations with site plotted 5. Geologic Map of Site — detailed (large-scale) geologic map with proper symbols and geologic legend 6. Subsurface Geology at Site — engineering geology description summarized from boreholes or trench logs 7. Geologic Cross-Sections ― several detailed geologic sections showing pertinent foundations & site grading 8. Active Faulting and Coseismic Deformation Across Site — Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones for active faults; excavation of fault trenches; 50-foot setbacks from fault plane 9. Geologic Hazard Zones ― Seismic Hazard Zone Maps (liquefaction & landslides) Provide page-sized extract of official map showing liquefaction and landslide zones from California Geological Survey (as applicable) and any pertinent geologic map from the Safety Element of the local agency (city or county). 10. Landslides ― both on-site & on adjacent hillslope property (above or below); debris flows & rockfalls 11. Geotechnical Testing of Representative Samples ― broad suite of appropriate geotechnical tests 12. Expansive Soils -- Clay Mineralogy of the Geologic Subgrade Classify by Table 18-1-B & remediate 13. Geochemistry of Geologic Subgrade - Soluble Sulfates and Corrosive Soils Specify either Type II or Type V portland cement. Typical soluble sulfates include gypsum and jarosite. 14. Flooding & Severe Erosion - discuss FEMA Flood Zones; show site plotted on official map (if applicable) Seismology & Calculation of Earthquake Ground-Motion 15. Evaluation of Historic Seismicity ― significant earthquakes that affected the site in the past 200 years 16. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis ( PSHA ) Evaluation of Earthquake Ground-Motion 17. Upper-Bound Earthquake Ground-Motion ― 10% chance of exceedance in 100 years: cite & use 18. Design-Basis Earthquake Ground-Motion ― 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years: cite & use 19. Characterize and Classify the Geologic Subgrade from Table 16A-J of Code; shear-wave velocity 20. Near-Source Coefficients and Distance to Nearest Active Fault ― if applicable: Na, Nv, Ca, Cv 21. Peak Ground Acceleration for UBE and DBE levels of ground-motion - summary PGA values 22. Normalized Spectral Acceleration - Site-specific spectral acceleration is required for dynamic analysis for irregular and tall buildings. Use ζ ≡ 5 percent viscous damping for both UBE and DBE ground-motion. 23. Seismic Zone 3 or 4 ― determine appropriate zone from Figure 16A-2 and Section 1629A.4.1 24. Scaled Time-Histories of Earthquake Ground-Motion - as applicable for base-isolated structures
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