2 God, the Creator of Australia 1. OUR PLANET, EARTH Our planet, Earth, is part of: a solar system, which is part of a galaxy, which is part of the universe everything physical which God made. Gods plan in History includes everything He made, right down to the smallest piece of matter, the atom. The picture shows our solar system, with the sun at the centre (solar means relating to the sun). The solar system has nine planets moving around the sun. In order from the sun these planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. See if you can learn these and how to spell them. God created a beautiful earth and placed Adam and Eve there in the Garden of Eden. But, man sinned against God and became more and more evil. Eventually, God sent a flood to destroy all life on the earth, except for Noah, his family and the animals in the Ark. When God flooded the Earth during Noahs time, the shape of the land was changed because of that 6lood. God has shaped the land using the forces of wind, water, earthquakes and volcanoes. Today there are seven great land masses, or continents, and many islands surrounded by oceansSAMPLE and seas. 2. OUR CONTINENT, AUSTRALIA Australia is the smallest and driest continent. Sometimes it is called the island continent. Unlike other continents, Australia is only one country. The continents in order of size are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia. 10 | History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook God is not surprised by what people do or where they live. He makes plans for the tribes and nations, in the hope that they might find the truth about God. God knew the aboriginal peoples and made a plan for their salvation. The Apostle Paul spoke to the people of Athens about Gods providence and plan. Acts 17: 2627 And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us. 2 i. Try to find the name of an aboriginal tribe that used to live or still lives in your area (you may find more than one tribe). ii. Are there street, town, suburb or other place names in your area that are aboriginal words? Write these, being careful with the spelling. 3. CHRISTIANS AND ABORIGINES Most of the people who arrived in Australia from the United Kingdom in 1788 were soldiers and convicts (criminals who were sent to other countries as punishment). Many of the new settlers were afraid of the aboriginal people because they had never seen people like them before. The aborigines, too, were afraid of the British settlers and on many occasions they treated one another badly. Amongst the British settlers were Christians who wanted to see the aborigines cared for, and looked for ways to tell them the Good News about Jesus. The Governors of the settlement tried to protect the aborigines and also encouraged Christians to tell them about the Gospel. The Christians also tried to helpSAMPLE the aboriginals by caring for them and teaching them to speak English so they could be part of the growing settlement. Some Christians were called by God to be missionaries to the aboriginals. They Aborigines from near Sydney, 1825 History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook | 17 southern end and established a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. 2. WILLEM JANSZ AND DIRK HARTOG Willem Jansz was the captain of a ship called the Duyfken (Little Dove). It was a small ship, about the size of a river ferry. In 1606 he sailed south from Java (an island in Indonesia) to look for new trade routes. He charted 300 kilometres of the western coast of Cape York in Queensland. Jansz wrote that the land was poor and cruel, black barbarians who murdered some sailors lived there. He later warned ships to avoid where he had been. Dirk Hartog, like many Dutch sailors, travelled to the East Indies from the Cape of Good Hope. He was employed as a ship captain by the Dutch East India Company to carry goods to and fro. In 1616 he travelled too far east and south and landed on the west coast of Australia, near Shark Bay. He nailed a pewter plate with his name and the year 1616 to a post on an island near the coast. Hartogs plate was found 80 years later by another explorer named Vlamingh. The island where Hartog landed now bears his name, Dirk Hartog Island. Many Dutch sailors, like Hartog, accidentally arrived on the western coast of Australia. 6or a time the land was called New Holland. However, because the Dutch landed in barren places with hostile natives, bad reports about it were sent back to Holland. This discouraged the Dutch from fully exploring or settling this new land. Dirk Hartogs Plate 3. ABEL TASMAN In 1642 The Dutch Governor-General of the East Indies, Antony Van Diemen, sent Abel Tasman to explore the south land. Tasman sailed around the west and south of Australia, but landed on the westSAMPLE coast of Tasmania. He didnt see any aborigines, but thought giants lived there. This was because he saw trees with notches cut into them that were 1.5 metres apart. Abel Tasman named this island after the Governor-General Van Diemens Land. Later the British changed the name to Tasmania to honour this explorer. Tasman sailed east and discovered New Zealand before returning to the East Indies. The Dutch decided that they didnt want to settle this new land to the south. Today we call the sea between Australia and New Zealand the Tasman Sea. Tasman Bay is at the top of the South Island of New Zealand. History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook | 25 Cook sailed on past the northern tip of the east coast of Australia. Stopping at an island near Cape York he claimed the whole east coast of what he called New South Wales for King George III and the British Empire. After three years of sailing, in 1771 the Endeavour arrived back at the Downs, England. With all the things that happened on the voyage of two years and nine and a half months they wrote the wonderful protection of this ship turns us in adoration of the Divine Being, who is merciful. During his next journey, 17721775, he and his crew became the first to cross the Antarctic Circle. Sadly Captain Cook was killed by natives in Hawaii in 1779 during his third great voyage around the world. Cooks Journey up the east coast of Australia WRITE THE VISION SET 7 Read your notes and then answer these questions. Try and answer without looking at the notes again. 1. What four countries formed the United Kingdom? 2. Who was the ruler of England when the Spanish Armada attacked? 3. WhySAMPLE do you think that for nearly 70 years the British stopped searching for the south land? 36 | History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook WRITE THE VISION SET 11 1. The map shows dates and lines of some of the explorers from this chapter. Write the correct name for the line showing where the explorers went. One explorer will be written twice. 2. Write True or 6alse in the box next to each statement. If it is false, write out the sentence and change the bold word to make the sentence true. i.SAMPLE Australian explorers wanted to find the inland desert. ii. 6linders and Bass circumnavigated Tasmania. iii. William Hovell was a retired sea captain. History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook | 55 13 Review: Chapters 712 1. CROSSWORD (15 MARKS) Complete this crossword. You may look through your workbook for the answers. ACROSS 3. Governor when the Rum Rebellion occurred 5. 6irst governor of NSW 9. 6ounded the Australian Inland Mission 10. Spanish fleet sent to invade England in 1588 11. Circumnavigated Australia 14. 6irst Christian minister of NSW 15. 6reed convict DOWN 1. HelpedSAMPLE improve immigrant ships 2. Early minister and farmer in NSW and missionary to NZ 4. Old ship used as a prison 6. People who come from another land 7. These mountains were crossed in 1813 8. Governor from 18091821 12. 6irst to explore down the Murray River 13. Discovered east coast of Australia 62 | History of Australia | Grades 35 | Student Workbook 17 The Great Depression and World War II 1. A:TER WORLD WAR I World War I cost the new nation of Australia very dearly in many ways. Nearly 60,000 men died and 160,000 were wounded or gassed. The war cost a lot of money to pay soldiers and make weapons. That great loss meant that there were fewer workers in Australia to run businesses, work in our factories and run our farms. But the war also saw more factories built which made many more products that used to be imported from other countries. Australia now began to build strong basic industries (organised manufacturing) with iron and steel production beginning in 1915. This allowed Australia to begin making things like cars, ships and steel beams for buildings. Over 300,000 immigrants came to Australia during the 1920s which contributed to rapid growth of our population. Australia prospered during the 1920s, but the 1930s brought The Great Depression when people could not afford to buy very much.