46Th Annual BOOK SHOW …

S 46th annual BOOK SHOW …

2016–2017 CHRONICLE BOOKS · SF, CA OCTOBER 26, 2017

46th annual S 46th annual BOOK SHOW …

2016–2017 CHRONICLE BOOKS · SF, CA OCTOBER 26, 2017 CONTENTS c/o Postal Annex Plus, Box 129 274 Redwood Shores Parkway Redwood City, CA 94065

Copyright © 2017 by Publishing Professionals Network. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means—electronic, mechan- ical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Publishing Professionals Network. Printed in the United States of America by Thomson-Shore. Permission to reproduce award-winning material featured in the catalog must be obtained from the copyright holder of each book. Award- winning books’ information was compiled from entry forms. Publishing Professionals Network has made every reasonable effort to verify the accuracy of the information contained on the entry forms provided but cannot be responsible for errors. Publishing Professionals Network is a nonprofit association providing educational resources and opportunities for all individuals involved in book and book-related publishing. Founded as Bookbuilders West in 1969, it was rechartered as PPN in 2012 to reflect the changing nature of long-form content publishing and embrace all the partnerships that exist within our industry. www.pubpronetwork.org CONTENTS m

President’s Message 8 The Award Winners 37 Distinguished Service Award 10 Children’s Trade 39 An Invitation to Join 12 Covers and Jackets 43 Officers and Board of Directors 15 Ebooks 53 Book Show Committee 17 Product Catalog 55 Criteria and Categories 19 Professional Trade 59 The Jury 23 Reference and Scholarly 63 School Publishing 73 Special Trade 83 Trade, Image-Driven 93 Trade, Text-Driven 99 Student Entries 109 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE e are delighted to present the winners of the 46th Annual Book Show of the Publishing Professionals WNetwork. These books represent some of the best designs of jackets, covers, and entire books to be published on the West Coast and beyond between January 2016 and March 2017. This year’s entries display an array of striking graphic concepts as well as ingenious uses of manufacturing techniques and materials. This year, for the first time, we invited student entries from graphic design schools, and the projects submitted—though few in number—ranged from production-ready to handmade works of art. We expect this category to grow in future years. Last year, PPN was forced to discontinue our annual schol- arship awards for lack of funding. Since then, we’ve been looking for new ways to provide educational opportunities to Sincerely, aspiring publishing professionals. The expansion of the book show to include student designers is one such initiative. Another new enterprise is the launch of our One Day Immer- sion Program, in which those considering a career in publishing Scott Norton have a chance to spend the day at a publishing house. While 2016–2017 President visiting, program guests may conduct informational interviews, Publishing Professionals Network attend publishing discussions, tour digital systems, and engage in other “job shadowing.” Guests will begin visiting host publishers in Spring of 2018. The book show is our opportunity to celebrate an aspect of books that will never change—the beauty and functionality of good design. Thank you for joining us to celebrate last year’s timeless achievements.

9 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD am immensely grateful and proud to be awarded the PPN Distinguished Service Award and honored to be in the same company as others who have been given this award. MoreI than ten years ago I was at a conference speaking with another Bay Area publishing person about BookBuilders West. We were talking about how we hadn’t been to any events in a while and promised each other to become more involved in the organization. A week later I receive an email from Michele Bisson-Savoy—who happened to overhear that conversation—asking if I would be interested in joining the PPN board. A promise is a promise, and here I am. I have been in love with books since an early age. In my child- hood I imagined the letters on the pages dancing together when the book was closed. I would quickly open the book trying to catch them swirling around. I am still trying to catch the letters, With gratitude, but now I try to place them in a synchronized dance as elegant as a waltz and as exciting as a tango to form the perfectly pack- aged book. I am the production director at New World Library, where I have worked for more than twenty years, and I am thankful that I get to do what I love. Tona Pearce Myers I am also grateful for all the help, education, and support Past President/Treasurer that I have been given while serving as a board member of PPN, Publishing Professionals Network and I would especially like to thank Bill Ralph, who has been a wonderful mentor; Michele Bisson-Savoy, a great supporter; and Elise Gochberg, who has become a good friend. David Zielonka, Scott Norton, and Brenda Ginty, thank you for your leadership in the many roles we have all held at PPN over the years.

11 AN INVITATION TO JOIN Publishing Professionals Network is a course of book and long-form content nonprofit association providing educa- delivery. This conference aims to provide tional resources and opportunities a forum for publishing professionals, both for all individuals involved in book staff and freelancers, in which we can and book-related publishing. Founded disconnect from work email, connect with as Bookbuilders West in 1969, it was each other, and focus on the broader ques- rechartered as PPN in 2012 to reflect the tions and issues at hand. changing nature of long-form content publishing and embrace all the partner- BOOK SHOW ships that exist within our industry. The annual Publishing Professionals Interested members of the publishing Network Show is a showcase for publishing community will find a variety of ways to professionals. Prizes are awarded in become involved. If you’re interested, a variety of categories by our panel of please contact the outgoing president, judges—all working professionals—and Scott Norton ([email protected]), or each attendee receives a four-color catalog the incoming president, Brenda Ginty illustrating the award-winning books. ([email protected]). Or reach out Volunteers work throughout the year to any board member whom you may know. organizing the call for entries, judging, producing the catalog, and presenting the ANNUAL CONFERENCE Book Show itself. The event would not be The Publishing Professionals Network possible without generous donations by (PPN) conference was born of our chang- supplier members who provide material ing industry and workplace, an initiative and services. The Book Show is the culmi- designed to meet the needs of publishers nation of a year of efforts, and it honors and freelancers as we navigate the new everyone who works in the book industry.

13 ONE-DAY PUBLISHING OTHER OPPORTUNITIES IMMERSION PROGRAM PPN also has a variety of other volunteer The Publishing Professionals Network is opportunities. These include: pleased to announce the launch of our new • support of our social media outreach one-day publishing immersion program • updating our event calendar in spring 2018, with an application dead- line of December 1, 2017. The goal of this • maintaining our jobs bank program is to provide real-world educa- • volunteering at one-off networking and tional opportunities to aspiring publishing educational events professionals. We are seeking guest We are also open to new ideas for useful participants who have demonstrated ways to support the publishing community. interest in publishing and who are consid- Let us know your thoughts! ering a career in the business. We hope to provide guests with a hands-on intro- duction to publishing and to enable them to become more competitive candidates for full internships or entry-level posi- tions. The program will be free to selected participants.

14 AN INVITATION TO JOIN OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS, 2016–17

OFFICERS BOARD MEMBERS

President Barbara Arellano, Hoover Institution Press Scott Norton, University of California Press Lindsie Bear, Heyday Books Barbara Fuller, Editcetera Vice President Elise Gochberg, Friesens Printing David Zielonka, Cengage Learning Hisae Matsuda, North Atlantic Books Treasurer Peter Perez, University of California Press Tona Pearce Myers, New World Library Alison Petersen, Hoover Institution Press Terri Saul, Parallax Press Secretary Howie Severson, Fortuitous Publishing Brenda Ginty, Cengage Learning Katy Werring, Cengage Learning Erin Wiegand, North Atlantic Books David Zielonka, Cengage Learning

ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Michele Bisson Savoy, Qualibre, Inc. Bill Ralph, retired, formerly with Wadsworth and Edwards Brothers Malloy

OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS 15 PAST PRESIDENTS

1968–1970 Al Lindenbaum 1991–1992 Casimira Kostecki 1970–1971 Long Driggers 1992–1993 Patricia Bewer 1971–1972 Jack Drach 1993–1994 Barbara Redman 1972–1973 Charles A. Goehring 1994–1995 Anthony Crouch 1973–1974 Paul Lieber 1995–1996 Brooks Vitalone 1974–1975 Bill Ralph 1996–1997 Detta Penna 1975–1976 Ramon Riley 1997–1998 Arlene J. Cowan 1976–1977 Charles A. Goehring 1998-1999 Leslie Austin 1977–1978 Gordon Johnson 1999–2000 Stephen Thomas 1978–1979 Fran Mitchell 2000–2001 Mary Lou Goforth 1979–1980 Roy Wallace 2001–2003 Michele Bisson Savoy 1980–1981 Eva Strock 2003–2004 Ramona Beville 1981–1982 Bill Cartwright 2005–2007 Elise Gochberg 1982–1983 Sharon Hawkes Grant 2007–2009 Michele Bisson Savoy 1983–1984 Pam Mantor 2009–2010 Michael O’Brien 1984–1985 Robert Odell 2010–2012 Andrea Helmbolt 1985–1986 Jonathan Peck 2012–2014 David Zielonka 1986–1987 Karen Judd 2014–2016 Tona Pearce Myers 1987–1988 Rebecca Swee 2016–2017 Scott Norton 1988–1989 Paul Butzler 2017– Brenda Ginty 1989–1990 Larry Lazopoulos

16 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS BOOK SHOW COMMITTEE

SPECIAL THANKS BOOK SHOW COMMITTEE

The Book Show Committee thanks Howie Book Show Chairs Severson and Emilia Thiuri for a superb Barbara Arellano, Hoover Institution Press job of designing and managing the layout Elise Gochberg, Friesens Printing and composition of the catalog and post- Howie Severson, Fortuitous Publishing card for this year’s Book Show. Logistics, Judging, Event Management, Many thanks to Dave Raymond and the and Location Procurement staff and management at Thomson-Shore Barbara Arellano, Hoover Institution Press for manufacturing the Book Show catalog, Elise Gochberg, Friesens Printing and Chronicle Books for generously providing their facility for the Book Show Catalog/Postcard Design and Layout judging and for the Book Show event. Howie Severson, Fortuitous Publishing

Special thanks go out to Michele Bisson Catalog Production Savoy for your expert help during the Howie Severson, Fortuitous Publishing judging for this year’s Book Show. Without Emilia Thiuri, Fortuitous Publishing your experience, the process would have been a more difficult endeavor. Judging Support Brenda Ginty Scott Norton Michele Bisson Savoy David Zielonka

BOOK SHOW COMMITTEE 17 Q CRITERIA Q CATEGORIES Since 1970, awards for outstanding book JUDGING CRITERIA design, production, and manufacturing have been presented at the Publishing Each entry will be judged on its own Professionals Network Book Show. The merits—regardless of category—and eval- judges are experienced in design, produc- uated for its excellence. Entries are judged tion, and related areas. The PPN Book individually, not against other books. Show is one of the largest and most pres- There is only one level of award, but there tigious events of its kind in the United are eleven categories in which to win. States. Following an exhibit of all entries, Judges for the categories are selected winning entries are announced and for their knowledge and experience in awards presented at a gala event. those segments. Awards will be based on layout, typography, and production quality, In an effort to encourage a new with an emphasis on how well the finished generation of quality book designers, product meets the needs of the intended PPN has added a new award category market and conveys the author’s intent. for students beginning with the 2016 show. Book design projects produced at a North American college-level graphic CATEGORIES arts program are eligible. All book proj- To ensure that entries are evaluated with ects that receive awards are showcased the appropriate criteria in mind, eleven in this annual catalog, which is distributed main categories (and subcategories) have to attendees at the Book Show and Awards been established. Event, and on the PPN website. They are The categories for submission of covers also announced in press releases to the and jackets are the same as those for books. trade press. Covers and jackets may be submitted for consideration without entering the accom- panying books. A single student award may be made in each of the eleven categories.

20 CRITERIA & CATEGORIES Children’s Trade Special Trade Books created specifically for the enjoy- Books that do not fit comfortably into ment and enrichment of a juvenile or the other trade and reference categories, young audience. including novelty books, cookbooks, gift books, health and fitness books, travel Professional Trade books, and field guides. Books designed for business or profes- sional development that are intended for Trade, Image-Driven individual use. Books of general interest published primarily for their visual content. This Reference And Scholarly category includes photographic essays and Highly specialized texts of primary fine art editions, museum guides, histor- interest to an academic or research read- ical picture books, and graphic novels. ership, and also reference works for a general audience that are intended to be Trade, Text-Driven consulted rather than read continuously. Books of general interest that are published primarily for their text content School Publishing such as fiction, nonfiction, prose, and Books intended for classroom use at the poetry. Photographs, illustrations, or elementary through post-graduate level, other graphics serve as accessories to as well as adult continuing education and the text. vocational training. Submissions may include student and instructor editions Product Catalog and ancillary components physically Annual, semi-annual, or quarterly printed attached to the principal print product. catalog used to promote product line. This category contains two subcategories: • Elementary and High School • College

CRITERIA & CATEGORIES 21 Ebook Student Entries Entries in this category can be either Students are either assigned book/cover educational or trade and can be electronic titles by their course professor or allowed versions of traditional “print” books or to select a book for which a new design will enhanced ebooks. Entries will be judged be created. The entries are judged in terms individually on content structure and of creativity, meeting defined design objec- effectiveness in messaging the content. tives, and presentation of material. All This is a relatively new book show cate- entries include a design brief describing gory and we encourage your feedback and the concept of the book and the design suggestions for next year’s competition. objectives assigned. In addition, book entries typically include the title page, table of contents, and four to eight text pages so that all elements in the design are represented.

22 CRITERIA & CATEGORIES S JURY

MARISSA FALCO

arissa Falco is a senior art director at Cengage Learning, where she supports English, speech, mass comm, and philosophy product. Outside of work, MMarissa has been a self-publisher and active member of the zine community since 1995; following her relocation to the Bay Area late last year, she has frequently been deputized to design fictional postage for the Elsewhere Philatelic Society.

THE JURY 25 ALLISTER FEIN

llister Fein is an art director at Weldon Owen Publishing, in San Francisco. Moving from Chicago in 2002, he started his career as a designer at Wired magazineA and designed the premiere issue of Wired’s elec- tronics buyers guide TEST. Looking to expand his print experi- ence, he then started work as a senior designer at McGraw-Hill Education where he discovered his love of book design. He has worked on books, magazines, booklets, and media with clients such as Time Inc., Popular Science, Gold’s Gym, Cengage, and Field & Stream. He currently resides in San Francisco with his husband Scottie and their cat, Jasper.

26 THE JURY JODY HANSON

ody Hanson is a graphic designer specializing in book design. She is passionate about the entire process, from conceptualizing to design to production and printing. HerJ clients have included Center for Creative Photography/ University of Arizona, Chronicle Books, de Young Museum, Intersection for the Arts, The Art Institute of Chicago, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco State University, The Museum of Modern Art, and University of California Press.

THE JURY 27 CASSIE KOLIAS

assie Kolias is a publicity & marketing campaign manager at New Harbinger Publications, where she works on books in the fields of psychology, self-help, teenC self-help, and spirituality. When she’s not at work peddling books to the media, she’s writing young adult fiction and acting as a social media coordinator for her local Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators chapter. She holds a B.A. in public relations from California State University, Sacramento.

28 THE JURY JAMES KUSSOW

ames Kussow’s parents always thought he was destined for career in publishing production when he started making his own booklets, with correct pagination, at age three.J Following graduation from the University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, his next fourteen years were spent in various roles at Golden Books, the publisher of childrens books. As fortunes of that company were in a sad, downward spiral, the opportunity arose to depart the Midwest and move on to one of his favorite places, San Francisco. After half a year working in layout at IDG Books in Foster City, more challenges awaited at Osborne, the Berkeley location of McGraw-Hill. One company split, four office relocations, and almost eighteen years later, James is currently production manager at the San Francisco office of McGraw-Hill Education, International and Professional Group.

THE JURY 29 WILLIAM MACK

illiam Mack is a senior art director at Callisto Media and was previously an art director at Weldon Owen Publishing and a designer at Harper Collins. He has workedW on book projects large and small in a variety of genres from cookbooks to mystery novels to children’s book and for a wide variety of clients from Field & Stream magazine, the Exploratorium, the Nature Conservancy and Highlights maga- zine. He lives in Berkeley, CA, with his family.

30 THE JURY FRANK MESSINA

rank has worked in educational publishing Thomson became Cengage (in 2008 or so), Frank led and education technology since 1991. He print production workflow engineering initiatives. started his career as an in-house copyed- Since 2013, Frank has headed the strategic Fitor at the medical publisher W.B. Saunders Co. sourcing team within Cengage’s global product in Philadelphia. With a growing interest in things management team. In addition to designing vendor- other than dangling participles and eraser dust, based sourcing solutions for his stakeholders in in 1996 Frank transitioned to Saunders College production, content development, and marketing, Publishing to became a project editor, focusing on Frank supports Cengage’s product and technology the production of undergraduate textbooks in the leadership teams in evaluating potential strategic tech- hard sciences, life sciences, and mathematics. In nology partners and the viability of their solutions. 2001, he became managing editor for Saunders’ When Frank is not engaging top production science & math product team. After Saunders vendor talent to support his Cengage stakeholders, he became Harcourt and Harcourt became Thomson enjoys trying to learn as many languages as he can, Learning (somewhere around 2002), he moved hiking Peninsula trails, cooking Austro-Hungarian to San Francisco and joined Thomson’s global and Italian dishes, and mastering the concoction of production & manufacturing team to lead content the Bi-Rite Creamery’s delicious ice cream at home management system implementation efforts. After (using the Creamery’s cookbook, of course).

THE JURY 31 ALISON PETERSEN

lison Petersen is a book production manager at Hoover Institution Press at Stanford. She began her career in textbook publishing at Thomson Higher Education. FromA there she moved on to HarperOne, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, where she found her calling in book production. From HarperOne she moved to Aplia at Cengage, managing the production of online homework solutions for textbooks. After Aplia, she returned to HarperOne as a free- lancer where she remained until joining Hoover Institution Press in 2016.

32 THE JURY PAULA SCHLOSSER

urrently art director/catalog at C.C. Filson in Seattle, Paula has a career-long background in the art direction and design of trade and scholarly illustrated non-fiction booksC that inform and inspire the reader. In 2011, Paula moved to Seattle, where she began her career in book publishing, to work as design director of Martingale, a fiber arts book publisher. Prior to that, she worked out of the Northeast and New England, serving as art director, higher education, at Oxford University Press; director, design and art production at Sterling Publishing; and art director, books, at The Taunton Press. Additionally, she maintained a book design studio in the Bay area specializing in the design and art direction of books for trade and textbook publishers on the East and West coasts. It’s been a pleasure to serve on the jury of the 2017 PPN Book Show, and to see the ongoing creative contributions to the publishing industry that were beautifully displayed in the entries.

THE JURY 33 CLAUDIA SMELSER

laudia is very grateful to have been able to spend most of her working life designing for publishers. It is exception- ally good luck to be able to work with type and columns Cof horizontal lines of text that face each other across pages. Claudia trained initially at the Art Institute of Seattle, and started her publishing career at Sybex Books, where a wonderful group of people taught her book design. She has worked in-house at HarperCollins and Conari Press, did a stint as a freelancer (as have most publishing professionals), and is currently senior designer at the University of California Press, which publishes a much-needed, meaningful list. Each publishing house has had something new to teach, and the benefit of wicked smart coworkers as we have thrashed our way through the decades of mergers, buyouts, and technical upheaval. Claudia also has a personal art practice, and has shown at Seager Gray Gallery in Marin and other venues in the Bay Area. The subject of her work tends towards text, type, paper, and the ubiquitous columns of horizontal lines.

34 THE JURY VANESSA TA

anessa Ta is associate acquisitions editor at North Atlantic Books, where she is focused on relaunching the children’s program in addition to acquiring trade titles acrossV North Atlantic’s many subject areas. She joined the team in 2013 as a project editor after working at Red Wheel/Weiser’s San Francisco office.

THE JURY 35 S AWARD WINNERS S AWARD WINNERS CHILDREN’S TRADE / 1 / CHILDREN’S TRADE PUBLISHER Sharon Christine Cooper BOOK TITLE Gymnastics Day with Silly Sammy AUTHOR Sharon Christine Cooper ILLUSTRATOR Sharon Christine Cooper TRIM SIZE 8" × 10" COVER DESIGNER Val Serer TEXT DESIGNER Val Serer PRINTER Create Space \ The author illustrated the book. The story is designed for children aged four to ten. The target audience is children taking gymnastics, but nongymnasts love it, too. The story is humorous and is based on the author’s experience teaching gymnastics. We worked together on the design and placement of illustrations.

40 CHILDREN’S TRADE Coach Wendy asks Ryan to help demonstrate the proper way to do a Coach Wendy leads the children to the bars. They settle in and listen closely forward roll over the barrel. to what she is saying. “You have to round your body over the barrel. Put your hands down on the “On this bar, we’re going to practice a tummy roll. Now, it’s very important to fl oor, tuck your chin, and slowly roll around like this,” Coach Wendy explained. hang on tightly with your hands…” Coach Wendy began to say. “Nice job, Ryan!” But Silly Sammy got too excited. He wasn’t listening at all! Then all the children tried it. They each did a great job! “Uh-oh!” thought Miron.

8 9 Coach Wendy and the children are astonished! They wonder if Sammy will learn his lesson this time. “Oh, my gosh! Sammy, are you all right?” asked Coach Wendy. “Whoa!” said Brooke and Miron.

Before Wendy knows what’s happening, Sammy is up on the bar. She tries to stop him, but she’s not fast enough! Silly Sammy yelled, “Hey, watch me, everybody! Whoops…whoa!” “Sammy, wait!” warned Coach Wendy. “Oh, no!” shouted Brooke and Lexie.

10 11

All the children get a turn. They love doing tummy rolls. Miron finishes his Coach Wendy takes the four children on to the next gymnastics event. tummy roll in a chin hold. He’s really strong! “Okay, kids, does anybody know what this is called?” asked Coach Wendy. “It’s easy for me!” Miron said. “I know!” Lexie called out. “It’s called a balance beam.” “Uh-oh,” thought Miron. “What’s Sammy doing?”

14 15

CHILDREN’S TRADE 41 COVERS JACKETS / 2 / COVERS Q JACKETS PUBLISHER Public Affairs BOOK TITLE The Revenge of Analog: Real Things and Why They Matter AUTHOR David Sax TRIM SIZE 6¼" × 9¾" COVER DESIGNER Pete Garceau PRINTER Phoenix Color MATERIALS USED 80# Mohawk Via Felt Natural Text \ The jacket was printed in four-color process on 80# Mohawk Via Felt Natural Text. It was finished with press varnish, dome embossing, and gloss film (back only).

BEST IN SHOW

44 COVERS & JACKETS PUBLISHER Chronicle Books BOOK TITLE Boundless Books : 50 Literary Classics Transformed into Works of Art AUTHOR Postertext TRIM SIZE 9" × 11" COVER DESIGNER Kristin Hewitt PRINTER Toppan Leefung Pte. Ltd. MATERIALS USED 2C/0 on 128 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC + matte lamination + foil stamping (front cover), 2C/0 on 128 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC + matte lamination (back cover), 3C/0 on 157 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC + matte lamination + paper graining (spine), 2C/0 on two die-cut pieces of 236 gsm C1S FSC + matte lamination glued to both sides of magnifying glass. Ribbon marker sandwiched between to connect to handle before embedding into front cover. Magnifying glass attached with wafer seals.

In this book, a picture is indeed characters, landscapes, and themes was to create a classic, bookish, and worth a thousand words. Within its of each story. Each piece of art covetable package that emphasizes covers are fifty literary classics, contains an entire text in legible the beauty of the art by Postertext deconstructed and then put back type—with the help of the and wow-factor of having fifty together word by word to create magnifying glass on a ribbon books in one. Wood free paper singularly beautiful pieces of art. marker—readers can enjoy both the used for the interior and jacket, The silhouettes that emerge from striking images and the timeless make this a book a timeless and the text illustrate the central words themselves. The design goal endearing keepsake.

COVERS & JACKETS 45 PUBLISHER Chronicle Books BOOK TITLE Ceramics: Contemporary Artists Working in Clay AUTHOR Kate Singleton TRIM SIZE 5⅝" × 9⅛" COVER DESIGNER Sara Schneider PRINTER Toppan Leefung Pte. Ltd. MATERIALS USED 157 gsm matte art paper, GoldenSun FSC (interior); 140 gsm Woodfree GoldenSun FSC (ends); 157 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC with matte film lamination, spot UV gloss varnish, and diecut \ Contemporary artists around the world are turning to clay to shape their most innovative ideas into stunning works of art. These objects often have a practical function, but they also stand alone as conceptual artworks. Ceramics showcases forty-five artists whose work represents the radical transformation that this age-old medium has undergone in recent years. Imagine cups shaped like sea urchins, teapots that look like tissue paper, a terracotta typewriter. This accessible volume is a vital guide to some of today’s most exciting contemporary artists working in clay, and showcases an on-trend modern medium like the art within. Subtle but impactful and add another special level of you’ve never seen it before. Two hits of spot UV varnish on the front detail to this deluxe yet affordable die cut windows provide a peek of and spine recall a ceramicists’ glaze package.

46 COVERS & JACKETS PUBLISHER Hoover Institution Press BOOK TITLE Eyes, Ears & Daggers: Special Operations Forces and the Central Intelligence Agency in America’s Evolving Struggle against Terrorism AUTHOR Thomas H. Henrikson COVER DESIGNER Jennifer Navarrette PRINTER Sheridan Books MATERIALS USED Verso FSC 100# White Sterling Premium Digital C2S 436 ppi \ The author, Thomas H. Henriksen, examines the warrior-spy connection both before and after the formation of the Special Operations Forces (SOF) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). With this in mind, we wanted to create a cover with a sense of mystery, perhaps showing a covert operation. To achieve this objective, we settled on using a hazy photo showing a military helicopter taking off in a cloud of sandy dust with a shadowy armed man in the foreground. All this moves the viewer’s eye to the dark gray title of the book, Eyes, Ears & Daggers and to the long subtitle in black. A matte lamination was chosen as a better match for the sandy arid feel of the cover image.

COVERS & JACKETS 47 PUBLISHER Greenleaf Book Group BOOK TITLE Imagine That! AUTHOR Yasmeen Ismail TRIM SIZE 6" × 9" COVER DESIGNER Greenleaf Book Group PRINTER Phoenix Color MATERIALS USED 100# C1S \ The cover was printed in 4C process on 100# C1S paper stock. It was finished with matte film, spot gloss UV, and debossing.

48 COVERS & JACKETS PUBLISHER Cengage BOOK TITLE Physical Geography AUTHOR James F. Petersen, Dorothy Sack, and Robert E. Gabler TRIM SIZE 9" × 10⅞" COVER DESIGNER Michael Cook PRINTER Transcontinental Interglobe MATERIALS USED Adhesive matte lamination with spot gloss \ The cover photo, Kirkjufellsfoss waterfall in Iceland, represents the elements of water, air, and land. Air and water have a great influence of the shape of the land, which is studied in great detail throughout the text.

COVERS & JACKETS 49 PUBLISHER Chronicle Books BOOK TITLE A River AUTHOR Marc Martin TRIM SIZE 11" × 9" COVER DESIGNER Amelia Mack PRINTER C&C Offset Printing Co. MATERIALS USED 157 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC + matte lamination + spot UV gloss varnish \ This stunningly rendered and immersive book by award-winning picture-book creator Marc Martin will delight readers of all ages by taking them on a transcendent and aspirational journey through an imaginative landscape. The spot gloss of the river, wrapping around both the front and back of the jacket, emphasizes not only the subject of the book, but also the reading experience—it mimics the journey the reader takes down the river as they read. The combination of matte lamination and spot gloss emphasizes the texture of dry land with the wet, glistening surface of the river. The handlettering of the title, which connects two words with one flowing line, also emphasizes this continuous journey.

50 COVERS & JACKETS PUBLISHER HarperOne BOOK TITLE Undeniable: How Biology Confirms Our Intuition That Life Is Designed AUTHOR Douglas Axe TRIM SIZE 6" × 9" COVER DESIGNER HarperCollins PRINTER Phoenix Color MATERIALS USED 100# C1S \ The jacket was printed in 4C process on 100# C1S paper stock. It was finished with soft touch and spot UV gloss.

COVERS & JACKETS 51 PUBLISHER Da Capo Press BOOK TITLE Universal: A Guide to the Cosmos AUTHORS Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw TRIM SIZE 7½" × 11" COVER DESIGNER Alex Camlin PRINTER Phoenix Color MATERIALS USED 100# C1S \ The jacket was printed in 4C process + day glo orange on 100# C1S paper stock. It was finished with soft touch film, spot UV gloss, and embossing. EBOOKS

52 COVERS & JACKETS / 3 / EBOOKS PUBLISHER Chronicle Books BOOK TITLE Bunny Slopes AUTHOR Claudia Rueda ILLUSTRATOR Claudia Rueda COVER DESIGNER Amelia Mack TEXT DESIGNER Amelia Mack EBOOK CONVERTER Kevin Armstrong PRODUCT ATALOG Sometimes in publishing there’s an digital team took to the challenge and C affable rivalry between folks that work produced a book that required the on the print side of things versus those readers’ engagement with his/her who work on the digital side. Print book e-reader so that none of the enjoyable vs. ebook: Who will win? So many of our flipping and shaking was lost. But all editors were quite smitten with the kidding (and rivalries) aside, it’s always concept of Bunny Slopes because it was important that we’re able to provide a true celebration of the printed book. print and digital versions of a book when Complete with fun and interactive possible so that we don’t exclude any directions to shake, tap, and turn the audience members due to reading book upside down, this narrative preference. We are happy that Bunny required the readers’ engagement with Slopes could be a standout title on both the physicality of the book. Analog our print and digital lists! storytelling! So it was a treat when our

54 EBOOKS / 4/ PRODUCT CATALOG PUBLISHER Geographic Expeditions BOOK TITLE 2018 Geographic Expeditions Catalog AUTHOR National Geographic TRIM SIZE 9" × 11¾" COVER DESIGNER Nancy Koerner / Wilsted & Taylor TEXT DESIGNER Nancy Koerner / Wilsted & Taylor PRINTER Overseas Printing Corporation MATERIALS USED 100 gsm FSC UPM Finesse matte art paper; 200 gsm FSC SUN matte art paper (cover) \ Geographic Expeditions leads expeditions to unusual and remote places. The charge to the designer of the 2018 Geographic Exhibitions Catalog was to produce a “catalog” that would not be out of place on a coffee table with art books and that would demonstrate a typographic craft that would complement the care with which GeoEx crafts it expeditions. The inside of the GeoEx catalog is typographically restrained and harmonious throughout. GeoEx folks, the art director, and the designer reviewed several thousand photographs to find the 400 or so illustrations that fit with the planned trips. The maps were specifically drawn for this publication by Evan Winslow Smith.

56 PRODUCT CATALOG PRODUCT CATALOG 57 PROFESSIONAL TRADE / 5 / PROFESSIONAL TRADE PUBLISHER North Atlantic Books BOOK TITLE The Modern Herbal Dispensatory: A Medicine- Making Guide AUTHOR Thomas Easley and Steven Horne TRIM SIZE 7" × 9¼" COVER DESIGNER Howie Severson TEXT DESIGNER Howie Severson PRINTER Versa MATERIALS USED Coated 70# matte (interior); 10 pt. C1S (cover) \ This beautiful full-color guide includes easy-to-follow instructions for making and using approximately 250 herbal medicines at home, including practical tips and numerous effective formulas developed and tested by the authors, both expert herbalists with years of experience. The designer makes this wealth of information approachable and organized for herbalists of all levels with his use of color and type treatments. The design is clean, modern, and structured while maintaining a traditional, organic aesthetic.

60 PROFESSIONAL TRADE CHAPTER ONE Getting Started Basic Concepts in Herbal Medicine

his book is about making herbal medicines, and if you’re going Tto make effective herbal medicines, you need to be familiar with some basic concepts.

HERBAL ENERGETICS The major constituents that give herbs their various actions can be detected using human senses. The effects of these basic constituents can be felt and observed in one’s own body. This observation and detection are what modern Western herbalists call energetics. Herbs can be divided into broad energetic categories based on their taste, constituents, and basic effects on the body. Learning these basic categories is like learning the alphabet or musical notes: They form the basis for understanding the language of herbalism. Just as musical notes are arranged together to create an infinite array of music, the energetic properties of herbs blend together to create thou- sands of unique herbal profiles. The twelve basic categories of herbs we’re about to introduce you to have some basic qualities in common. We refer to these in ener- getic terms, using three sets of qualities.

Photo by Chamille White

■ Plantain (bee stings, insect bites, snake bites, burns, minor cuts and abra- Dehydrated Herb Juice sions; dirty wounds containing sand, dirt, grit, or other impurities) After the juice has been expressed from the plant fiber it can be dehydrated. ■ Lily of the valley (draws out slivers and pus) Dehydrating must be done with care and cleanliness to avoid microbial con- ■ Yarrow (cuts, bruises, crushed tissues, insect bites) tamination. Dry the juice quickly, but not at such a high temperature that the ■ Grindelia (bee stings and insect bites, cuts, infected wounds) nutritional factors or therapeutic constituents are degraded. Dry juices in a ■ Jewelweed (poison ivy) standard food dehydrator using fruit leather trays. If you do not use heat, you can dry juice on waxed paper or glass as well: Spread a thin layer of juice on Instant Pastes and Ointments the waxed paper or glass container and cover with a muslin cloth to prevent Fresh herbs can be made into pastes and ointments. Make a paste by mixing mold and keep flies and pests off. Place in a warm place to dry. Once the juice is crushed fresh herbs with a little honey or glycerin. These can be eaten or used thoroughly dried, scrape it off, powder it, and package. If kept in a cool, dark, as a base for a poultice. You can make an instant ointment by mashing fresh dry place, this type of preparation will keep for about 3–4 months. herbs into butter, ghee, or oil.

Green Drinks RAW GARLIC Green drinks are prepared with a blender. Pour fruit juice (pineapple juice is delicious) into a blender, add While most herbs work well when dried, there are some herbs that are best used fresh herbs, and blend the mixture. Strain and drink. fresh. Garlic is one of them. Garlic bulbs are available at any grocery store, and raw Drink green drinks within a couple of minutes to garlic is a good remedy to keep around the house. Garlic is often sold in capsules guarantee the full potency of all of the plant’s nutri- and extracted in oil, but allicin, an antimicrobial constituent found in raw garlic, ents and constituents. Plants that can be used to degrades rapidly into inactive compounds, so fresh is best. make green drinks include dandelion greens, plan- There are many ways to use fresh garlic. For ear infections and earaches, cut a slice of a garlic clove and place it on the outer ear covering the ear canal. Do not Photo by Natalie Gi / CC BY tain, parsley, wheat grass, and barley grass. put the garlic into the ear canal. If the raw garlic irritates the skin, coat it with a little olive oil before applying. Juicing For an abscessed tooth, cut a slice of garlic, coat it in olive oil, and place it next Herb juices are commonly made with parsley, garlic, and onions, and fruits to the affected tooth to fight the infection. This will temporarily ease the pain and such as lemons and limes. Juicing fresh herbs separates the plant fiber from infection; you still need to see a dentist. the plant fluids. Herb juices can be made with a food processor or a juicer. The Raw garlic works internally against infections in the intestines and lungs, but it most antiquated method for juicing, still used by the more adventurous among has little effect on systemic infections. To get it down, chop raw garlic into small us, is the mortar and pestle. Filter the mashed plant material through a muslin pieces and take it in a spoonful of honey. There is a formula for Garlic Lemon Aid cloth and squeeze through a nylon sieve or jelly bag to obtain the juice. in Chapter Twelve, as well as a formula for Fire Cider, which includes raw garlic. Juicing requires large quantities of fresh herb: A 10-liter bucket of fresh herb may yield only 100 milliliters of juice.

44 The Modern Herbal Dispensatory Using Fresh Plants 45

USING MUCILAGINOUS HERBS Highly mucilaginous herbs are best used in bulk. They do not work well as any form of extract. The water-soluble fibers they contain are known as mucilage, which does not extract in alcohol, vinegar, or oil. Mucilage is water soluble, but it absorbs the water, turning it into a slippery, slimy, unpalatable mass. So, although small amounts can be made into teas, syrups, and glycerites, the herbs simply work better when taken in bulk form. Three popular herbs that fall into this category are slippery elm, marshmallow, and psyllium hulls. Slippery elm is on the United Plant Savers at-risk list, and marshmallow is a fully interchangeable and inexpensive alternative. Taking the bulk powder is the best way to obtain the benefits of marshmallow, because an effective dose is about a heaping teaspoon or more, which is difficult to obtain by taking capsules. Fortunately, its bland, slightly sweet taste is not unpleasant. Marshmallow does not readily mix with water, so it’s easiest to mix it with juice in the blender. For example, add a heaping teaspoon of marshmallow to a cup of apple or orange juice and blend them together. You can drink it right away before the mucilage absorbs the water and turns the liquid slimy. However, if you’re trying to coat an irritated esophagus, let the mixture turn gelatinous before drinking it. Marshmallow may also be mixed with applesauce or a hot cereal such as oatmeal. Another herb that is best used in bulk is psyllium hulls, a bulk laxative. A therapeutic dose can be anywhere from ¼ teaspoon to 2 heaping teaspoons. This makes taking it in capsules impractical. It also is impossible to make an extract of it, again because the mucilage in it is not soluble in alcohol, vinegar, oil, or glycerin. Psyllium rapidly absorbs water, turning into a slimy, gelatinous mass that is not very appealing. The best way to take psyllium is to mix it into a cup of water or juice (apple is the best). Stir it until it becomes suspended, then drink it before it has a chance to gel. When taking psyllium, start with a small amount (¼–½ teaspoon) and then work up to 1–2 teaspoons daily. Psyllium can also be blended with other herbs. See the Gentle Fiber Blend in Chapter Twelve for directions on making your own.

52 The Modern Herbal Dispensatory Photo by Thinkstock

PROFESSIONAL TRADE 61 REFERENCE

SCHOLARLY / 6/ REFERENCE Q SCHOLARLY PUBLISHER The University of Minnesota Press BOOK TITLE Canoes: A Natural History in North America AUTHOR Mark Neuzil and Norman Sims TRIM SIZE 10" × 8" COVER DESIGNER Nancy Koerner, Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services TEXT DESIGNER Nancy Koerner, Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services PRINTER Friesens Corporation MATERIALS USED Paper: Friesens house 80# matte white; Binding: Kennett 18290 dark grey cloth, 120pt board (covers)

Canoes, while nominally a scholarly book *(Did you know that “canoedling” refers on the history of canoes* published by to a method used by early 20th century the University of Minnesota Press, is couples to escape their chaperones and actually entertaining and engaging and get some privacy? “Sorry, this small designed with more than 303 images in canoe only holds two!” an open, popular, and magazine-like way. The design challenge was to make sure that illustrations from such a variety of sources (objects, oil paintings, photographs, sheet music, product labels, maps) fit harmoniously into the same book.

64 REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY 65 PUBLISHER Asian Art Museum of San Francisco BOOK TITLE Emperors’ Treasures: Chinese Art from the National Palace Museum, Taipei EDITED BY Jay Xu and He Li TRIM SIZE 9" × 12" TEXT DESIGNER Joan Sommers, Glue + Paper Workshop COVER DESIGNER Joan Sommers, Glue + Paper Workshop PRINTER Asia Pacific Offset Group MATERIALS USED 157 gsm Gold East Matt (paper); Binding: smyth sewn jacketed hardcover with Saifu cloth, 3 mm boards, head and tail bands, foil stamped front and spine, and 140 gsm 1/C printed endpapers; 157 gsm gloss art and 300 gsm C1S art board (jacket/cover) \ Emperors’ Treasures illuminates nearly 180 examples of the finest craftsmanship and imperial taste. Published by the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco and edited by Museum Director Jay Xu and Associate Curator of Chinese Art He Li, the catalog features extremely rare masterpieces, some created by Museum, Taipei, which houses one of developed his or her aesthetic and the emperors themselves. The the most significant collections of connoisseurship. By exploring the paintings, calligraphy, bronze vessels, Chinese imperial art in the world. richness of each subject, style, and ceramics, lacquerware, jades, Essays by esteemed scholars type of craftsmanship, Emperors’ textiles, enamelware, and speak to the personalities behind Treasures outlines how Chinese art documents featured in the book these treasures. The book dissects came to develop and flourish under come from one exceptional each ruler’s distinct contribution to Han Chinese, Mongol, and Manchu museum, the National Palace the arts and examines how each rulers.

66 REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY This catalog accompanied a which to celebrate the museum’s special exhibition that was a anniversary, as both exhibition and centerpiece of the Asian Art institution exemplify the richness, Museum’s fiftieth anniversary variety, and personality of Asia.” celebration. Xu writes, “Emperors’ Treasures is an ideal vehicle with

REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY 67 PUBLISHER Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens BOOK TITLE Gardens, Art, and Commerce in Chinese Woodblock Prints AUTHORS T. June Li and Suzanne E. Wright TRIM SIZE 8" × 11 ⅞" COVER DESIGNER Amy McFarland, Clean {Slate} Design TEXT DESIGNER Amy McFarland, Clean {Slate} Design PRINTER Charles Allen Imaging Experts MATERIALS USED Paper: matte coated and Encore uncoated \ This book was designed to showcase the early achievements of multicolor printing in China. Its dimensions, paper stocks, and spot colors were all chosen with sixteenth- and seventeenth- century books in mind. Lay-flat binding allows the reader to view as much of each reproduced page as possible.

BEST IN SHOW

68 REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY 69 PUBLISHER Asian Art Museum of San Francisco BOOK TITLE The Rama Epic: Hero, Heroine, Ally, Foe TRIM SIZE 9" × 12" COVER DESIGNER Yvonne Tsang, Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services TEXT DESIGNER Yvonne Tsang, Wilsted & Taylor Publishing Services PRINTER Asia Pacific Offset Group \ The Rama Epic—recounting the struggle of Prince Rama to defeat a powerful demonic king, rescue his abducted wife, and reestablish virtuous order in the world—has been a prime subject for visual and performing arts, literature, and religious thought in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia for many centuries. A huge number of artworks of all kinds relating to the Rama legends have been made over the course of 1,500 years in a dozen countries. This book tells the story in a new light, using 135 artworks drawn from numerous museums in Europe and the United States and ranging from paintings to sculpture to theatrical arts. It invites readers to find echoes of their own experience in the stories and four principal characters. Asian Art summaries of key chapters in the dilemmas of each of the characters. Museum curators McGill, Qamar epic, and discussions of topics Essays by Forrest McGill of the Adamjee, Jeffrey Durham, and ranging from puppet theater to the Asian Art Museum and three guest Natasha Reichle contribute Rama epic in Buddhist contexts— contributors who are leading catalogue entries. Additional texts— round out the volume. The experts in their fields profile the including a detailed synopsis of the 288-page book features newly Rama epic, commentary on what commissioned photographs in a each of the characters looks like, large-format production. 70 REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY REFERENCE & SCHOLARLY 71 SCHOOL PUBLISHING / 7 / SCHOOL PUBLISHING PUBLISHER Cengage Learning BOOK TITLE An Invitation to Health: The Power of Now AUTHOR Dianne Hales TRIM SIZE 9" × 10⅞" COVER DESIGNER Michael Cook TEXT DESIGNER Liz Harasymczuk PRINTER Transcontinental– Interglobe/Quad Graphics MATERIALS USED Layflat gloss lamination \ The cover image challenges and inspires the reader to run the fastest, jump the highest, climb the highest mountain, and be the best that they can be to achieve and live a healthy lifestyle. The chapter openers use a wave design to inspire motion. Bright approachable colors invite the reader into the the text and highlight key pieces of information throughout the text.

74 SCHOOL PUBLISHING 2

Your Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being

osh never considered himself a spiritual person until he enrolled in a class Jon the science of personal well-being. For a homework assignment, he had to pursue different paths to happiness. As part of his experiment, he went to a Mardi Gras celebration and partied all night to see if having fun made him happier. To test whether doing good makes a person happy, Josh volunteered to help build a house for a homeless family. “I can’t remember the name of a single person I met at the party,” he says. “But I’ll never forget the look on the WHAT DO YOU THINK? © Watthano/Shutterstock.com family’s faces when we handed them the keys to their new home.” For his final project, Josh, who did not have a read religious texts because I believe a more spiri- Does mental health affect physical health? religious upbringing, focused on developing a richer tual life will help me in the long run with happiness spiritual life. “The spirituality didn’t end with the and health.” < Can people learn how to achieve happy, satisfying, meaningful lives? term,” he says. “I continue to meditate, do yoga, and Does spirituality affect health?

How important is a good night’s sleep? The quest for a more fulfilling and meaningful life is attracting more people of all ages. The reason? As the burgeoning field of positive psychology Emotional and has resoundingly proved, people who achieve After reading this chapter, you should be able to: emotional and spiritual health are more creative Mental Health and productive, earn more money, attract more 2.1 Identify the characteristics of emotionally healthy 2.7 Summarize the components of positive psychology friends, enjoy better marriages, develop fewer ill- individuals. that can lead to a happy and purposeful life. nesses, and live longer. “A sound mind in a sound body” was, according 2.2 Summarize the components of positive psychology 2.8 Describe the roles of autonomy and self-assertion This chapter reports the latest findings on to the ancient Roman poet Juvenal, something all making the most of psychological strengths, should strive for. This timeless advice still holds. that can lead to a happy and purposeful life. in boosting self control. enhancing happiness, and developing the spiri- Almost 2,000 years later, we understand on a much 2.3 Describe the roles of autonomy and self-assertion 2.9 Discuss the impact of spirituality on individuals. tual dimension of your health and your life. more scientific level that physical and mental health in boosting self control. 2.10 Review the relationship of sleep and health. are interconnected in complex and vital ways. One does not guarantee the other, but recent research 2.4 Discuss the impact of spirituality on individuals. 2.11 Identify the characteristics of emotionally healthy has found that individuals whose lifestyle includes 2.5 Review the relationship of sleep and health individuals. the following four fundamental behaviors are less 2.6 Identify the characteristics of emotionally healthy 2.12 Summarize the components of positive psychology likely to become depressed, be overwhelmed by stress, or suffer poor mental health: individuals. that can lead to a happy and purposeful life.

23

The reason may be that they carefully weigh • Not exaggerate the significance of painful emotional needs. In growing to maturity, children HEALTH the risks and benefits of their behavior. They thoughts (though they’re mindful of them) take on more responsibility and become more NOW! also can delay immediate gratification for the • Manage frustration by quelling self-pity and independent. sake of long-term benefits, such as preventing melodrama No one, however, becomes totally self-sufficient. Self- cardiovascular disease or sexually transmitted As adults, we easily recognize our basic physi- actualization Accentuate the Fulfillment of Positive infections. In contrast, individuals low in self-compassion cal needs, but we often fail to acknowledge our one’s potential Although they’re more likely to participate in are extremely critical of themselves, believe they emotional needs. Yet they, too, must be met if we Try some of these strategies from vigorous exercise, students who score high in are unique in their imperfection, and obses- are to be as fulfilled as possible. Self-esteem positive psychology and com- Respect for self, extraversion are more likely to put their health at The humanist theorist Abraham Maslow ment on your experience in your sively fixate on their mistakes. After a traumatic respected by others risk. They often drink more alcohol, binge-drink, believed that human needs are the motivating online journal. life event, self-compassion may help individuals smoke, engage in risky sexual behaviors, and recognize the need to care for themselves, reach factors in personality development. First, we must Love and affection Do don’t get enough sleep. The reasons may involve out for social support, engage in less self-blame satisfy basic physiological needs, such as those for Ability to give and receive affection; feeling of belonging Smile. Putting on a happy brain chemistry. Individuals with low levels of and self-criticism, and look back on the time as an food, shelter, and sleep. Only then can we pursue face makes for a happy spirit. neurochemical arousal may pursue highly stimu- emotionally difficult event rather than an experi- fulfillment of our higher needs—for safety and lating (though risky) behaviors to feel more alert 5 security, love and affection, and self-esteem. Few Safety and security Focus. By being fully present ence that defines or changes them. Therapists and excited. Ability to protect oneself from harm in the moment, you’ll experi- have developed specific cognitive treatments that individuals reach the state of self-actualization, ence it more intensely. can increase the attributes of compassion for self in which one functions at the highest possible check-in Is personality destiny? Not at and others and alleviate feelings of anxiety and level and derives the greatest possible satisfaction Physiological needs Share your joy. Talking Fulfillment of needs for food, water, all. If you see yourself as low in conscien- depression. from life (Figure 2.1). about and celebrating good shelter, sleep, sexual expression experiences extends positive tiousness or high in extraversion, you can © 2017 Cengage Learning feelings over and above the check-in How do you practice self- check-in Where do you see yourself on take deliberate steps that will safeguard FIGURE 2.1 The Maslow Pyramid positive event. compassion? your health. For instance, you might fulfill Maslow’s pyramid of needs? Travel through time. Vividly To attain the highest level of psychological health, you must first satisfy your needs your need for stimulation and excitement for safety and security, love and affection, and self-esteem. remembering or anticipating Boost Emotional Intelligence positive events—a technique with less risky alternatives, such as extreme Boost Self-Esteem psychologists call “positive A person’s “IQ”—or intelligence quotient—was sports competitions, rock-climbing, or Each of us wants and needs to feel significant mental time travel”—boosts once considered the leading predictor of achieve- as a human being, with unique talents, abili- levels of happiness and life volunteering with student-led emergency ment. However, psychologists have deter- ties, and roles in life. A sense of self-esteem, of While negative observations—such as constant satisfaction. mined that another “way of knowing,” dubbed response services. belief or pride in ourselves, gives us confidence criticisms or reminders of the most minor faults— emotional intelligence, makes an even greater Don’t to dare to attempt to achieve at school or work can undermine self-image, positive affirmations— difference in personal and professional success. and to reach out to others to form friendships compliments, kudos, encouragements—have Don’t hide your feelings. “EQ” (for emotional quotient) is the ability to Develop Self-Compassion and close relationships. Self-esteem is the little proved effective in enhancing self-esteem and Suppressing positive monitor and use emotions to guide thinking and feelings—because of shyness is a healthy form of self-accep- voice that whispers, “You’re worth it. You can do psychological well-being. Individuals who fight Self-compassion actions. Neuroscientists have mapped the brain or a sense of modesty, for tance and a way of conceptualizing our favorable it. You’re okay.” off negative thoughts fare better psychologically regions involved in emotional intelligence, which instance—diminishes them and unfavorable attitudes about ourselves and Self-esteem is based not on external factors than those who collapse when a setback occurs overlap significantly with those involved in gen- and may have physiological others. Some psychologists describe it as being like wealth or beauty but on what you believe or who rely on others to make them feel better. eral intelligence. Among the emotional compe- consequences on your health. kind to yourself in the face of suffering and prac- about yourself. It’s not something you’re born tencies that most benefit students are focusing Don’t get distracted. ticing a “reciprocal golden rule,” in which you with; self-esteem develops over time. It’s also not check-in How positive are the messages on clear, manageable goals and identifying and Unrelated worries and thoughts treat yourself with the kindness usually reserved something anyone else can give to you, although understanding emotions rather than relying on you send to yourself? detract from the here-and-now for others. This includes accepting your flaws; let- those around you can either help boost or dimin- “gut” feelings. of a positive experience. ting go of regrets, illusions, and disappointments; ish your self-esteem. Pursue Happiness Don’t find fault. Paying and taking responsibility for actions that may The seeds of self-esteem are planted in child- check-in How emotionally intelligent do attention to negative aspects have harmed others without feeling a need to hood when parents provide the assurance and “Imagine a drug that causes you to live eight of otherwise positive experi- punish yourself. you think you are? appreciation youngsters need to push themselves or nine years longer, to make $15,000 more ences sabotages levels of Individuals high in self-compassion tend to toward new accomplishments: crawling, walking, a year, to be less likely to get divorced,” says happiness, optimism, self- People with high EQ are more likely to enjoy forming words and sentences, learning control Martin Seligman, the “father” of positive psy- • Be understanding toward themselves when esteem, and life satisfaction. good mental and physical health and are more over their bladder and bowels. chology. “Happiness seems to be that drug.” As they make mistake emotional intelligence The Don’t go there. “Negative productive at work and happier at home. They’re Adults, too, must consider themselves wor- a meta-analysis of long-term studies has shown, ability to monitor and use mental time travel”— reflecting • Recognize that all humans are imperfect also less prone to stress, depression, and anxiety, thy of love, friendship, and success if they are happiness even reduces the risk of dying—both emotions to guide thinking on what went wrong or • Not ruminate about their errors in judgment and they bounce back more quickly from serious to be loved, to make friends, and to achieve in healthy people and in those with diagnosed and actions. what may go wrong—can or behavior illnesses. their goals. Low self-esteem is more common diseases. But even if just about everyone might lower self-esteem and foster in people who have been abused as children benefit from smiling more and scowling less, self-actualization A state of depressive symptoms. • When feeling inadequate engage in soothing and in those with psychiatric disorders, includ- can almost anyone learn to live on the brighter wellness and fulfillment that can Meet Your Needs be achieved once certain human and positive self-talk ing depression, anxiety, alcoholism, and drug side of life? needs are satisfied; living to one’s • Recognize that failure is an unavoidable Newborns are unable to survive on their own. dependence. Skeptics who dismiss “happichondria” as the full potential. self-compassion A healthy form part of the human experience so, they feel a They depend on others for the satisfaction of One of the most useful techniques for bolster- latest feel-good fad are dubious. However, hap- of self-acceptance in the face of greater sense of connection to others, even in their physical needs for food, shelter, warmth, ing self-esteem and achieving your goals is devel- piness researchers, backed by thousands of sci- self-esteem Confidence and perceived inadequacy or failure. the face of disappointment and protection, as well as their less tangible oping the habit of positive thinking and talking. entific studies, cite mounting evidence suggesting satisfaction in oneself.

26 CHAPTER 2 Your Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being The Lessons of Positive Mental Health 27

psychology students—mostly freshmen—those SNAPSHOT: ON CAMPUS NOW who learned basic sleep skills significantly improved their overall sleep quality compared Sleepy Students with students who did not receive such training.

Over the past seven days, students getting enough sleep Impact of sleepiness on daytime activities: check-in Do you feel rested every day? to feel rested in the morning: Percent (%) Percent (%) Male Female Average Sleep’s Impact on Health Male Female Average No problem 14.0 7.8 9.9 The following are some of the key ways in 0 days 8.0 10.2 9.5 A little problem 49.8 48.4 48.8 which your nighttime sleep affects your daytime 1–2 days 26.2 30.9 29.3 well-being: More than a little problem 22.4 25.6 24.5 3–5 days 51.1 48.5 49.3 • Learning and memory. When you sleep, your A big problem 9.8 13.0 11.9 brain helps “consolidate” new information, so 6+ days 14.7 10.4 11.9 A very big problem 3.9 5.3 4.9 you are more likely to retain it in your memory. • Metabolism and weight. The less you sleep, Students often feeling tired, dragged out, or sleepy the more weight you may gain.25 Chronic during the day: sleep deprivation may cause weight gain by Percent (%) altering metabolism (for example, changing the way individuals process and store car- Male Female Average bohydrates) and by stimulating excess stress 0 days 12.2 6.0 8.2 hormones. Loss of sleep also reduces levels 1–2 days 35.0 28.3 30.6 of the hormones that regulate appetite, which may be why, in one study, young normal- 3–5 days 40.7 46.3 44.3 weight men ate larger portions of high-calorie junk foods than they did after a normal night

6+ days 12.1 19.3 16.9 Courtesy of Campus Health Service, University of Arizona of sleep.26

Source: American College Health Association. American College Health Association–National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary, Spring 2014. Hanover, MD: Ameri- • Safety. People who don’t get adequate night- FIGURE 2.2 “Go to Bed” campaign poster can College Health Association, 2014. time sleep are more likely to fall asleep dur- ing the daytime. Daytime sleepiness can cause falls, medical errors, air traffic mishaps, and stress hormone levels, irregular heartbeats, road accidents. and increased inflammation (which, as dis- check-in Are you getting enough sleep? between weekday and weekend sleep timing and • Mood/quality of life. Too little sleep— cussed in Chapter 15, may play a role in heart duration. In general, students who do not adhere whether just for a night or two or for attacks). Inadequate sleep also has been The National Sleep Foundation recommends to a regular bedtime and rising schedule are more longer periods—can cause psychological linked to higher overall death rates. seven to nine hours for men and women likely to be poor sleepers. symptoms, such as irritability, impatience, • Sexuality. In a study of college women, those ages 18 to 25. How do you compare? Female students generally have poorer sleep inability to concentrate, lack of motiva- who slept longer were more likely to engage patterns than males and suffer more conse- tion, moodiness, and lowered long-term life in sexual activity the following day. On aver- Student Night Life quences as a result. Women report more sleep satisfaction. age the women slept 7 hours, 22 minutes, with disturbances than men and are at greater risk for • Immunity. Sleep deprivation alters immune each hour of sleep increasing the women’s College students are notorious for their erratic poor academic performance and more physical, function, including the activity of the body’s sexual desire and likelihood of sexual activity.28 sleep schedules and late bedtimes. In various social, and emotional problems. Men sleep better killer cells. If you get less than seven hours studies, 25 to 50 percent of undergraduates at the beginning of the academic year, but their of sleep a night, you’re three times more What Happens When have reported significant daytime sleepiness, sleep quality decreases. Women’s sleep qual- likely to catch a cold. And if you sleep poorly, which may affect academic performance as well ity worsens only slightly over the school year. you’re five times more susceptible. We Sleep? as daily tasks such as driving. In the National Students reporting poor quality sleep feel more A normal night of sleep consists of several distinct College Health Assessment, about one in five tense, irritable, anxious, depressed, angry, and • Mental disorders. Disturbed sleep can be stages of sleep, divided into two major types: an college students said that sleep difficulties have confused than others. an early sign of mental illness; sleep loss may active state, characterized by rapid eye movement affected their academic performance, ranking On average, college students go to bed 1 to trigger or may be an early sign of a manic epi- (REM) and called REM sleep (or dream sleep), and behind stress and anxiety.24 (See Snapshot: 2 hours later and sleep 1 to 1.6 hours less than sode (see the discussion of bipolar disorder 27 Too much (10 or more hours a quiet state, referred to as non-REM or NREM On Campus Now.) students of a generation ago. In comparisons of on page 58). a night) or too little (5 or fewer hours) sleep, sleep, that consists of four stages: Alcohol compounds many students’ sleep prob- exhaustion levels reported by workers in various according to recent research, can increase the lems. Poor-quality sleepers report drinking more occupations, college students consistently score • In Stage 1, a twilight zone between full risk of depression. alcohol than good sleepers and are twice as high. Figure 2.2 shows a campus campaign to wakefulness and sleep, the brain produces likely to use alcohol to induce sleep as are better encourage students to get more sleep. • Major diseases and death. Serious sleep small, irregular, rapid electrical waves. The sleepers. Students who drink more alcohol go to Fortunately, college students can learn to disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea muscles of the body relax, and breathing is bed later, sleep less, and show greater differences sleep better. In an experiment with introductory have been linked to hypertension, increased smooth and even.

36 CHAPTER 2 Your Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being Sleepless on Campus 37

SCHOOL PUBLISHING 75 PUBLISHER Cengage BOOK TITLE Living in the Environment AUTHORS G. Tyler Miller and Scott Spoolman TRIM SIZE 9" × 10⅞" COVER DESIGNER Jeanne Calabrese TEXT DESIGNER Jeanne Calabrese PRINTER Quad Graphics MATERIALS USED Adhesive gloss lamination \ Many inventions in the world are influenced by nature—a concept called biomimicry. The bullet train’s long nose allows it to break through air and achieve superfast speeds. Its design is based on the kingfisher with its long beak, like the one featured on the cover speeding towards a pool of water intent on capturing its prey. The text design picks up elements and colors from our publishing partner, National Geographic Learning, to provide a strong visual guide to the content. Chapter openers feature full spread photography, while the interior engages the reader with questions, special features, facts, figures, and quizzes.

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76 SCHOOL PUBLISHING Civilization exists by geological consent, subject to change without notice. will durant

chapter 112

Key Questions 12.3 What are the environmental Open-pit copper mine in Utah. It is effects of using nonrenewable almost 5 kilometers (3 miles) wide geology and nonrenewable 12.1 What are the earth’s major mineral resources? and 1,200 meters (4,000 feet) deep, and is getting deeper. geological processes and what are 12.4 How can we use mineral ©Lee Prince/Shutterstock.com mineral resources? Mineral Sources resources more sustainably? 12.2 How long might supplies of 12.5 What are the earth’s major nonrenewable mineral resources last? geological hazards? 35

ScienceFOCUS 4 .1 ScienceFOCUS 4.2 Insects Play A Vital Role in Our World Scientists Are Searching For The Causes of Amphibian Declines praying mantis (Figure 4.a, right)—help Herpetologists, the scientists who study species congregate in large numbers to stratosphere, but during the past few de- to control the populations of at least half frogs and other amphibians, have identi- breed. cades, ozone-depleting chemicals re- the insect species we call pests. this free fied a number of factors—both natural another major threat to amphibians is leased into the troposphere from human source of pest control is another vital and human-caused—that threaten these habitat loss and fragmentation. this is sources have drifted upward into the ecosystem service. species at various points in their life cy- mostly a human-caused problem resulting stratosphere and destroyed some of the certain environmental changes, some cles. one of the natural causes is para- from the clearing of forests and the drain- protective ozone found there. of them caused by human activities, are sites such as flatworms that feed on ing and filling of freshwater wetlands for Pollution is another human-caused threatening insect populations and their certain amphibian eggs. Scientists think farming and urban development. another threat to amphibians. Frogs and other ecosystem services around the world. En- this has caused birth defects such as threat is prolonged drought, which can species are increasingly exposed to pesti- tomologists—scientists who study in- missing limbs or extra limbs in some dry up breeding pools that frogs and other cides in ponds and in the bodies of in- sects—are expanding their research in amphibians. amphibians depend on for reproduction sects that they eat. this can make them Darlyne A. Murawski/National Geographic Creative A. Darlyne areas related to such environmental Some herpetologists hypothesize that and survival through their early stages of more vulnerable to bacterial, viral, and FiGUre 4.a Importance of insects: Bees (left) and numerous other insects pollinate threats. For example, entomologist diana viral and fungal diseases, especially the life (Figure 4.c). fungal diseases and to some parasites. flowering plants that serve as food for many plant eaters, including humans. this pray- cox-Foster of pennsylvania State univer- chytrid fungus (Figure 4.B) that attacks another human-influenced problem is amphibian expert and national geo- ing mantis, which is eating a moth (right), and many other insect species help to con- sity is studying the decline of honeybees, the skin of frogs, are reducing the frogs’ higher levels of UV radiation, which can graphic explorer tyrone Hayes, a profes- trol the populations of most of the insect species we classify as pests. which are extremely important pollina- ability to ingest water through their skin. harm embryos of amphibians in shallow sor of biology at university of california, tors. this decline threatens to disrupt this leads to death from dehydration. ponds as well as adults basking in the Berkeley, is conducting research on how We classify many insect species as pests For example, pollination is a vital eco- whole ecosystems that depend on bees Such diseases can spread fairly easily, sun for warmth. Historically, such radia- some pesticides can harm frogs and other because they compete with us for food, system service that allows flowering for pollination, as well as much of the because adults of many amphibian tion has been screened by ozone in the animals by disrupting their endocrine spread human diseases such as malaria, plants to reproduce sexually when pollen human food supply. We discuss this seri- systems. bite or sting us, and invade our lawns, grains are transferred from the flower of ous environmental problem more fully in Overhunting is another problem, espe- gardens, and houses. Some people fear one plant to a receptive part of the chapter 8. cially in areas of asia and europe, where insects and many think the only good flower of another plant of the same spe- frogs are hunted for their leg meat. yet bug is a dead bug. they fail to recognize cies. Many of the earth’s plant flowering critical thinKinG another threat is the invasion of amphib- the vital roles insects play in helping to species depend on insects to pollinate ian habitats by nonnative predators and can you think of three insect species not sustain life on the earth. their flowers (Figure 4.a, left). also, in- competitors, such as certain fish species. discussed above that benefit your life? sects that eat other insects—such as the Some of this immigration is natural, but humans accidentally or deliberately trans- port many species to amphibian habitats. have created cannot be broken down and used as nutrients The search for solutions often involves conflicts. For Most herpetologists believe that a by other organisms. example, when a scientist argues for protecting a long- combination of these factors, which vary This leads us to a third component of sustainability: undisturbed forest to help preserve its important biodiver- from place to place, probably is respon- solutions. While environmental scientists search for scien- sity, the timber company that had planned to harvest the sible for most of the decline and disap- tific solutions to problems such as the degradation of for- trees in that forest might protest. Dealing with such con- pearances among amphibian species. ests and other forms of natural capital, social scientists are flicts often involves making trade-offs, or compromises— Joel Sartore/National Geographic Creative looking for economic and political solutions. For example, another component of sustainability. For example, the Pictures/Getty Images Fogden/Minden Michael & Patricia timber company might be persuaded to plant and harvest critical thinKinG FiGUre 4.c this golden toad lived in FiGUre 4.B Frogs killed by the chytrid the number of people trees in an area that it had already cleared or degraded, costa rica’s high-altitude Monteverde fungus at a high-elevation lake in of the factors listed above, which three using microloans to work instead of clearing the undisturbed forest. In return, the cloud Forest reserve. the species became california. do you think could be most effectively extinct in 1989, apparently because its their way out of poverty government might give the company a subsidy, or financial controlled by human efforts? 100 habitat dried up. support, to meet some of the costs for planting the trees. In making a shift toward sustainability, the daily actions of each and every individual are important. In other words, a scientific solution to the problems of depletion of forests individuals matter—another subtheme of this book. History of the human food supply. We discuss this serious environ- looking for economic and political solutions. For example, is to stop burning or cutting down biologically diverse, shows that almost all of the significant changes in human mental problem more fully in Chapter 8. a scientific solution to the problems of depletion of forests mature forests (Figure 1.4). A scientific solution to the systems that have improved environmental quality have can you think of three insect species not discussed above is to stop burning or cutting down biologically diverse, problem of pollution of rivers is to prevent the excessive come from the bottom up, through the collective actions of that benefit your life? mature forests (Figure 1.4). A scientific solution to the dumping of harmful chemicals and wastes into streams individuals and from individuals inventing more sustain This leads us to a third component of sustainability: problem of pollution of rivers is to prevent the excessive and to allow them to recover naturally. However, to im- decline of honeybees, which are extremely important pol- solutions. While environmental scientists search for scien- dumping of harmful chemicals and wastes into streams plement such solutions, governments often have to enact linators. This decline threatens to disrupt whole ecosys- tific solutions to problems such as the degradation of for- and to allow them to recover naturally. However, to im- and enforce environmental laws and regulations. tems that depend on bees for pollination, as well as much ests and other forms of natural capital, social scientists are

42 environMental proBleMS, tHeir cauSeS, and SuStainaBility concept 16.1 43

mental protection. Some analysts point to this fact and call A More Sustainable Future Is Possible for new U.S. leadership in dealing with these larger and less tying it all together visible long-term threats and in finding paths toward more Making a shift toward a more sustainable future will in- environmentally sustainable societies and economies. volve some tough challenges. Ecologists note that, given enough time, nature can recover from many of our envi- the greening of american campuses and Sustainability ronmentally harmful impacts. However, natural recovery biodiversity, to sharply reduce our pro- discussed in this book. it is an incredibly can take hundreds to thousands of years, while harmful we opened this chapter with a duction of wastes and pollution, to exciting and challenging time to be alive 1.4 WHAT IS AN human impacts are expanding exponentially within a time Core Case study about college stu- switch to more sustainable sources of as we struggle to develop a more sus- ENVIRONMENTALLy period of 10 to 100 years. Thus, in learning to live more dents around the united States who are energy, and to promote more sustainable tainable relationship with this planet that sustainably, time is our most scarce resource. working to address many of the serious SUSTAINABLE SOCIETy? forms of agriculture and other uses of is our only home. Here are two pieces of good news: First, research by environmental problems we face and to land and water. We can also use these social scientists suggests that it takes only 5–10% of the improve environmental quality on their concept 1.4 living sustainably means living off the earth’s principles to sharply reduce poverty and population of a community, a country, or the world to campuses. thousands of students on natural income without depleting or degrading the natural slow human population growth. bring about major social and environmental change. campuses all over the world are doing capital that supplies it. GOOD you and all of your fellow students Second, such research also shows that such change NEWS the same. Many of these students are have the good fortune to be members of can occur in a much shorter time than most people think. learning that a key to most solutions is the 21st century’s transition generation Environmentally Sustainable Societies Anthropologist Margaret Mead summarized our potential to apply the three scientific principles that will play a major role in deciding Protect Natural Capital and Live Off for social change: “Never doubt that a small group of of sustainability (Figure 1.2) and the whether humanity creates a more sus- Its Income thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. In- three social science principles of sus­ tainable future or continues on a path deed, it is the only thing that ever has citizens can change tainability (Figure 1.5) to the design of According to most environmental scientists, our ultimate toward further environmental degrada- the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has citizens our economic and social systems, and to goal should be to achieve an environmentally sustainable tion and disruption. this means con- can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever our individual lifestyles. society—one that meets the current and future basic re- fronting the urgent challenges presented has citizens can change change the world. Indeed, it is the We can use such strategies to try to source needs of its people in a just and equitable manner by the major environmental problems only thing that ever has.” This is now being demonstrated slow the rapidly expanding losses of Pecold/Shutterstock.com without compromising the ability of future generations to on many college campuses around the world (Core Case meet their basic resource needs. This is in keeping with study). the future generations principle of sustainability. One of our goals in writing this book has been to pro- Imagine that you win $1 million in a lottery. Suppose vide a realistic vision of how we can change the world, for you invest this money (your capital) and earn 10% inter- the benefit of us all, as well as for the environment. We est per year. If you live on just the interest, or the income base this vision not on immobilizing fear, gloom, and made by your capital, you will have a sustainable annual Chapter review doom, but on energizing and realistic hopes. income of $100,000 that you can spend each year indefi- Core Case study social science principles of sustainability? What nitely without depleting your capital. However, if you 1. Define sustainability, and summarize the story of is full-cost pricing and why is it important? consistently spend more than your income, you will de- • a more sustainable future will require that we how many college campuses are working to become 4. What is a resource? Distinguish between an inex- plete your capital. Even if you spend just $110,000 per rely more on energy from the sun and other year while still allowing the interest to accumulate, your more environmentally sustainable. haustible resource and a renewable resource and renewable energy sources, protect biodiversity money will be gone within 18 years. give an example of each. What is the sustainable through the preservation of natural capital, and The lesson here is an old one: Protect your capital and live section 1.1 yield of a renewable resource? Define and give two deas

on the income it provides. Deplete or waste your capital and you i avoid disrupting the earth’s vitally important 2. What are the three key concepts for this section? examples of a nonrenewable or exhaustible re- will move from a sustainable to an unsustainable lifestyle. chemical cycles. Define environment. Distinguish among environ- source. Distinguish between more-developed The same lesson applies to our use of the earth’s natural • a major goal for becoming more sustainable is mental science, ecology, and environmentalism. countries and less-developed countries and give capital (Figure 1.3)—the global trust fund of free natural Big full-cost pricing—the inclusion of harmful Distinguish between an organism and a species. What one example each of a high-income, middle-income, is an ecosystem? What are three scientific princi- and low-income country. resources and ecosystem services that nature has provided environmental and health costs in the market for us, for future generations, and for the earth’s other spe- ples of sustainability derived from how the natural prices of goods and services. section 1.2 cies. Living sustainably means living on natural income, world works? What is solar energy and why is it im- the renewable resources such as plants, animals, soil, clean • We will benefit ourselves and future portant to life on the earth? What is biodiversity and 5. What is the key concept for this section? Define and air, and clean water, provided by the earth’s natural capital. generations if we commit ourselves to finding why is it important to life on the earth? Define nutri- give three examples of environmental degrada- tion (natural capital degradation). About what By working to preserve and replenish the earth’s natural win-win solutions to our problems and to ents. Define chemical cycling (or nutrient cycling) percentage of the earth’s natural or ecosystem ser- capital, which supplies this income, we can find the best leaving the planet’s life-support system in a and explain why it is important to life on the earth. ways to reduce our ecological footprints while expanding vices have been degraded by human activities? De- condition as good as or better than what we 3. Define natural capital. Define natural resources our beneficial environmental impact (Concept 1.4). fine pollution. Distinguish between point sources now enjoy. and ecosystem services, and give two examples of and nonpoint sources of pollution and give an ex- each. Give three examples of how we are degrading ample of each. Distinguish between pollution natural capital. Explain how finding solutions to en- cleanup and pollution prevention and give an ex- vironmental problems involves making trade-offs. ample of each. What is the tragedy of the commons? Explain why individuals matter in dealing with the environmental problems we face. What are three 6. What is an ecological footprint? What is a per capita ecological footprint? Use the ecological

28 cHapter 1 environMental proBleMS, tHeir cauSeS, and SuStainaBility chapter review 29

SCHOOL PUBLISHING 77 PUBLISHER Cengage BOOK TITLE Social Psychology AUTHOR Saul Kassin, Steven Fein, Hazel Rose Markus TRIM SIZE 9" × 10⅞" COVER DESIGNER Irene Morris TEXT DESIGNER Marsha Cohen, Parallelogram PRINTER Transcontinental Interglobe MATERIALS USED 40# New Era Matte text; 80# C1S cover \ The field of social psychology looks at how people interact with others and as such requires an upbeat visual presentation and contemporary style of imagery. Text designer Marsha Cohen started with an engaging, large chapter opener photo and delivered a design that integrates images, both photos and figures, into the narrative and provides an "interactive" format highlighted by a bold color palette and unique display font. The cover, masterfully handled by Irene Morris, provides a colorful and contemporary context for what's inside drawing connections between social psychology and students' everyday lives.

78 SCHOOL PUBLISHING Perceiving 4 Observation: The Elements of Social Perception | 107 A Person’s Physical Appearance Persons Perceptions of Situations Behavioral Evidence Detecting Truth and Deception Attribution: From Elements to Dispositions | 120 Attribution Theories Attribution Biases Culture and Attribution Motivational Biases Integration: From Dispositions to Impressions | 134 Information Integration: The Arithmetic Deviations From the Arithmetic Perceptions of Moral Character Confirmation Biases: From Impressions to Reality | 142 Perseverance of Beliefs Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Social Perception: The Bottom Line | 149 This chapter examines how people come to know (or think that they know) other persons. First, we introduce the elements of social perception—those Review aspects of persons, situations, and behavior that guide initial observations. Next, we examine how people make explanations, or attributions, for the behavior of others and how they form integrated impressions based on initial perceptions and attributions. We then consider various confirmation biases, the subtle ways that initial impressions resist change by leading people to distort later information, setting in motion a self-fulfilling prophecy. Patrik Giardino/Crave/Corbis 105

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factors such as poor communication, biased sampling of information, and pres- NASA team members celebrate in sure toward conformity. This, unfortunately, is also what groups can do. July 2015 the extraordinary feat of its space vehicle, New Horizons, flying In short, people are often at their best—and their worst—in groups. It is close up to Pluto and sending back through groups that individuals form communities, pool resources, and share suc- remarkable photos. cesses. But it is also through groups that ideas stagnate in endless discussion, selfish impulses flourish in the anonymity of a crowd, and prejudices turn into genocide and war. Clearly, it is important that we understand how groups work and how individuals influence, and are influenced by, groups. In this chapter, we first introduce the fundamentals of what groups are and how they develop, then we examine groups on several levels: At the individual level, we explore how individuals are influenced by groups; at the group level, we explore how groups perform; and at the intergroup level, we explore how groups interact with each other in cooperation and competition. The research we report in this chapter reveals a fascinating fact: Groups can be “You think because you understand quite different from the sum of their parts. When you think about that statement, it ‘one,’ you must understand ‘two’ suggests something almost mystical or magical about groups. How can a group be because one and one make two. But better—or worse—than its individual members? The math may not seem to add up, you must also understand ‘and.’” but the theory and research discussed in this chapter will help answer this question. —Ancient Sufi saying

Bill Ingalls/NASA/Getty Images News/Getty Fundamentals of Groups We begin our exploration of groups by asking the basic questions: What is a group? Why do people join groups? We then focus on three important aspects of groups: roles, norms, and cohesiveness. On July 15, Putting Common SenSe to the Test It was a road trip like no other. 2015, a vehicle reached a destination that had been a j What Is a Group? Why Join a Group? Circle Your Answer long time coming, and sent photos back home. When members of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space What Is a Group? The question might seem quite simple, but if you step back T F People will cheer louder when they cheer as Administration (NASA) received the photos, celebrations and think about it, the answer is less obvious. For example, many students are mem- part of a group than when they cheer alone. erupted. Their spacecraft, New Horizons, had finally bers of a variety of groups on social media. Are these really groups? You may be part T F People brainstorming as a group come approached Pluto, which, depending on your classifica- of a large social psychology class: Is this a group identity that is meaningful to you? up with a greater number of better ideas tion scheme, is either the farthest planet in our solar A group may be characterized as a set of individuals who have direct interactions than the same number of people working system or the most beloved dwarf planet in the Kuiper with each other over a period of time and share a common fate, identity, or set of individually. belt. Either way, it’s far, far away, and this was an in- goals. A group can also consist of people who have joint membership in a social cat- credible achievement. The historic scientific and engi- egory based on sex, race, or other attributes; this characteristic is especially relevant T F Group members’ attitudes about a course neering feat necessary to complete this nearly 10-year, for the issues discussed in Chapter 5 on Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination. of action usually become more moderate 3-billion-mile journey to the far reaches of our solar Groups vary in the extent to which they are seen as distinct entities, such as after group discussion. system required not only the tireless work of a very large whether they have rigid boundaries that make them distinct from other groups. T F People and groups tend to do worse when group of people, but also precise coordination among all In other words, some groups seem more “groupy” (or in the unfortunate choice they have “do your best” goals than when its members. This is what groups can do at their best. of word used by researchers on this issue: “entitative”) than others (Brewer, 2015; they have very specific, ambitious goals. While impressive, it may not seem surprising that Hamilton et al., 2011). On the very low end of this dimension would be people this super-intelligent, hardworking group of people at attending a concert or working out near each other in a gym. These typically are T F Large groups are more likely than small NASA could pull this off. After all, they really are rocket not considered real groups. Such assemblages are sometimes called collectives— groups to exploit a scarce resource that scientists. But history, and social psychology, teach us people engaging in a common activity but having little direct interaction with each the members collectively depend on. that groups of even super-smart people can make re- other (Milgram & Toch, 1969). Much more integrated groups include tight-knit T F When people or groups negotiate with ally bad decisions, and there is something about the clubs, sports teams, or work teams—groups that engage in very purposeful activi- each other, the best solution is one in dynamics of groups that can make this happen. For ex- ties with a lot of interaction over time and clear boundaries of who is in and not which both parties compromise and split ample, two of the biggest tragedies in NASA’s history, in the group. People tend to identify more strongly with these more integrated, co- group A set of individuals who the resources 50–50. the explosions of the space shuttles Challenger and herent groups and to get more satisfaction from them (Crawford & Salaman, 2012). interact over time and have shared Columbia, in 1986 and 2003, respectively, occurred in no Culture can also shape the nature of what makes a group a group. People in fate, goals, or identity. small part because of bad group processes—involving Western cultures are more likely to define and identify with groups based on what

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Freud’s observation by pointing out that some pores respondents believed that people squirm, stutter, fidget, and touch themselves “ooze” more than others. Ekman and Friesen proposed when they lie—also cues that are not supported by the research (Global Deception that some channels of communication are difficult for Research Team, 2006). deceivers to control, whereas others are relatively easy. Perhaps people rely on the wrong cues to deception, but a recent analysis To test this hypothesis, they showed a series of films— of this same literature shows that the problem should be somewhat differently some pleasant, others disgusting—to a group of female stated: It’s not that people make truth and lie judgments on the basis of the wrong nurses. While watching, the nurses were instructed cues, but rather the problem is that none of the behavioral cues people look for either to report their honest impressions of these films are very telling (Hartwig & Bond, 2011). In a recent meta-analysis of 144 samples or to conceal their true feelings. Through the use of containing 9,380 speakers, providing a total of 26,866 messages, and spanning hidden cameras, these participants were videotaped. more than forty years, Hartwig and Bond (2014) found that the low level of detect- Others, acting as observers, then viewed the tapes and ability of deception did not differ much regardless of whether the speaker was a judged whether the participants had been truthful or college student or nonstudent; whether or not the speaker was highly motivated deceptive. The results showed that judgment accuracy to evade detection; or whether the truths and lies told were accompanied by high rates were influenced by which types of nonverbal or low levels of emotion. cues the observers were exposed to. Observers who Throughout history, people have assumed that the way to spot a liar is to

Everett Collection watched tapes that focused on the body were better watch for outward signs of stress or anxiousness in his or her behavior. Yet in Research on lying and its at detecting deception than were those who saw tapes important real-life situations—for example, at a high-stakes poker table, the secu- detection has shown that there is no one behavioral cue, like focused on the face. The face can communicate emotion but is relatively easy for rity screening area of an airport, or a police interrogation room—innocent truth Pinocchio’s growing wooden deceivers to control, unlike nervous movements of the hands and feet. Clearly, tellers are also likely to exhibit signs of stress. For this reason, nose, that can be used to signal there is nothing like the wooden Pinocchio’s nose to reveal whether someone is researchers today are seeking a different approach. Most no- deception. lying or telling the truth. tably, Aldert Vrij, Anders Granhag, and their colleagues have This study was the first of hundreds that have been conducted to this theorized that lying is harder to do and requires more thinking day. In all this research, one group of participants makes truthful or deceptive than telling the truth (Vrij et al., 2010; Vrij & Granhag, 2012). statements, while another group reads the transcripts, listens to audiotapes or Therefore, they argue, we should both induce and focus on watches videotapes, and then tries to judge the statements. Consistently, in behavioral cues that betray cognitive effort. laboratories all over the world, results show that people are only about 54% This realization has led researchers to create more chal- accurate in judging truth and deception, in part because they too often ac- lenging types of interviews that could outsmart liars, force cept what others say at face value (Bond & DePaulo, 2006; Vrij, 2008). In fact, them to think harder, and struggle more, and thereby expose research shows that professionals who are specially trained and who make their deception. In one study, for example, they asked truth these kinds of judgments for a living—such as police detectives, judges, psy- tellers and liars to recount their stories in reverse chronologi- cal order. This task was more effortful for the deceivers to

chiatrists, customs inspectors, and those who ad- Joe Giron/Corbis Entertainment/Corbis minister lie-detector tests for the CIA, the FBI, and do, which made the interviewers better able to distinguish Sweden’s Martin Jacobson m Table 4.2 the military—are also highly prone to error (Ekman between truths and lies (Vrij et al., 2008). In a second study, won $10 million as the 2014 & O’Sullivan, 1991; Meissner & Kassin, 2002; Vrij, truth tellers and liars were urged to maintain eye contact with their interviewer. Champion of the World Series of Can the “experts” Distinguish Truth and Deception? 2008; see Table 4.2). This added burden taxed those who were lying more it did those who were tell- Poker. As with all great players, Jacobson wears the proverbial Lie-detection experts with experience at making judgments of truth and What seems to be the problem? One hypothesis ing the truth, which enabled observers to better distinguish between the two “poker face” while playing so as deception were shown brief videotapes of 10 women telling the truth or is that there is a mismatch between the behavioral groups (Vrij et al., 2010). not to betray how he feels about lying about their feelings. Considering that there was a 50–50 chance of cues that actually signal deception and those we use In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks and heightened worldwide his hand. guessing correctly, the accuracy rates were remarkably low. Only a sample concerns about security at airports, train stations, and other public places, the of U.S. Secret Service agents posted a better-than-chance performance. to detect deception (Zuckerman et al., 1981; DePaulo et al., 2003). Think about it. There are four channels ability to distinguish truths and lies is essential, potentially a matter of life and Observer groups Accuracy rates (%) of communication that provide potentially relevant death. Yet research shows that social perceivers are misguided. Too easily se- information: the spoken word, the face, the body, duced by the silver tongue, the smiling face, and the restless body, we often fail College students 52.82 and the voice. Yet when people have a reason to lie, to notice the quivering voice or the verbal content of what is said. Too focused CIA, FBI, and military 55.67 the words they choose cannot be trusted, and they on how stressed a person seems while speaking—an emotional state that afflicts Police investigators 55.79 are generally able to control both the face and body not only guilty liars but innocent truth tellers who stand falsely accused—we (the voice is the most telling channel; when people fail to notice how much effort it takes someone to recite their story or answer Trial judges 56.73 lie, they tend to hesitate, then speed up and raise the a question. With social psychologists in hot pursuit of ways to improve upon Psychiatrists 57.61 pitch of their voice). In a survey of approximately human lie-detection skills—for example, by preventing individuals from think- Adaptively, people are skilled 2,500 adults in 58 countries, an international team ing too much before making their judgments (Reinhard et al., 2013) or, by con- at knowing when someone is U.S. Secret Service agents 64.12 of researchers found that more than 70% believed trast, having individuals come together in groups to discuss and make these lying rather than telling the From Ekman, P., & O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Who can catch a liar? American Psychologist, 46, 913–20. truth. Copyright © 1991 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted by permission. that liars tend to avert their eyes—a cue that is not judgments (Klein & Epley, 2015)—stay tuned for further developments in years supported by any research. Similarly, most survey to come. FALSe

80220_ch04_ptg01_hr_104-153.indd 118 30/01/16 10:53 AM 80220_ch04_ptg01_hr_104-153.indd 119 30/01/16 10:53 AM SCHOOL PUBLISHING 79 PUBLISHER Corwin Literacy BOOK TITLE What Do I Teach Readers Tomorrow? Fiction, Grades 3–8 AUTHORS Gravity Goldberg and Renee Houser TRIM SIZE 7⅜" × 9⅛" COVER DESIGNER Rose Storey TEXT DESIGNER Anupama Krishnan PRINTER Bang Printing MATERIALS USED 10 pt. C1S with matte lamination + spot gloss UV (cover); 60# Arbor Standard (Appleton Offset) (interior) \ What Do I Teach Readers Tomorrow? authors Goldberg and Houser provide classroom teachers with a protocol for deciding what to teach next. By focusing on the thinking involved in what students write and say, the authors help teachers use students’ work to determine the next steps of instruction. For the cover design, it was important to convey a sense of a teacher thinking on her feet, while also making the content seem friendly and accessible. Using comic book–inspired design elements and cover treatments accomplished this goal in a whimsical manner. For the interior, the designer second color. Using this combination, and other features. Icons and cover used elements inspired by the cover, the content is grouped in ways that design elements are employed to and strategically incorporated a help the reader easily find lessons help the reader navigate the text.

80 SCHOOL PUBLISHING SCHOOL PUBLISHING 81 SPECIAL TRADE / 8 / SPECIAL TRADE PUBLISHER Callisto Media BOOK TITLE Bubbe and Me in the Kitchen: A Kosher Cookbook of Beloved Recipes and Modern Twists AUTHOR Miri Rotkovitz TRIM SIZE 7½" × 9¼" COVER DESIGNER Katy Brown TEXT DESIGNER Katy Brown PRINTER Lightning Source \ This kosher cookbook and memoir is both steeped in tradition and on the forefront of food trends. Beautiful photography (Evi Abeler) and elegant design bring the author’s personal journey and rich family history to life while showcasing fantastic recipes by the author and her grandmother.

84 SPECIAL TRADE SPECIAL TRADE 85 PUBLISHER The University of Minnesota Press BOOK TITLE If Bees Are Few: A Hive of Bee Poems EDITOR James P. Lenfestey TRIM SIZE 5½" × 9⅛" COVER DESIGNER Nancy Koerner / Wilsted & Taylor TEXT DESIGNER Nancy Koerner / Wilsted & Taylor PRINTER Toppan Leefung Pte. Ltd. \ If Bees Are Few, an anthology of poems about bees published by the University of Minnesota Press, is intended to be a gift book that also helps support the Bee Lab at the University of Minnesota. The design is somewhat fancy, in keeping with the book’s gift book function, but without distracting from the clean text design for the poems, always a challenge when a book includes many poems from many different authors. A dotted-line bee-path is used three times (on the two half-title pages and on the epigraph page) in keeping with the theme of the book.

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86 SPECIAL TRADE SPECIAL TRADE 87 PUBLISHER Chronicle Books BOOK TITLE Other-Wordly: Words Both Strange and Lovely from Around the World AUTHOR Yee-Lum Mak ILLUSTRATOR Kelsey Garrity-Riley TRIM SIZE 5⅝" × 8⅛" COVER DESIGNER Kristine Brogno TEXT DESIGNER Kristine Brogno PRINTER Toppan Leefung Pte. Ltd. MATERIALS USED 157 gsm matte art paper, GoldenSun FSC (interior); 128 gsm gloss art paper, HiQ FSC with matte lamination (case); JHT cloth with white foil stamping (spine) FSC with matte varnish (jacket) \ Find the word you’ve been looking for . . . or the word you didn’t know you were looking for. In Other- Wordly, readers young and old will find a fascinating assortment of words and definitions from around the world collected by author Yee-Lum Mak. The subtle tones and hidden details (is that a pair of Chronicle glasses on the cover?) of Kelsey Garrity-Riley’s beautiful illustrations come to life on coated paper. A three-piece case with stamped cloth spine adds a treasured keepsake feel to this irresistible gifty package sure to delight lovers of words and those lost for words alike.

88 SPECIAL TRADE SPECIAL TRADE 89 PUBLISHER Callisto Media BOOK TITLE Psychology: Essential Thinkers, Classic Theories, and How They Inform Your World AUTHOR Andrea Bonior, Ph.D. TRIM SIZE 7½" × 9¼" COVER DESIGNER William Mack TEXT DESIGNER William Mack PRINTER Lightning Source \ This is an accessible and informative pop-reference book on the foundations of psychology and how they affect our everyday lives. Clear organization, elegant design, and fun, thought-provoking illustrations (Alex Westgate) make the eminently browsable book more than a run-of-the-mill reference title.

90 SPECIAL TRADE SPECIAL TRADE 91 TRADE, -DR IMAGE IVEN / 9 / TRADE, -DR IMAGE IVEN PUBLISHER Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens BOOK TITLE Blue Boy & Co.: European Art at the Huntington AUTHORS Catherine Hess and Melinda McCurdy TRIM SIZE 9" × 12" COVER DESIGNER Pentagram TEXT DESIGNER Pentagram PRINTER Trifolio, Verona, Italy \ The design for this book about the Huntington’s European art collections playfully points to Gainsborough’s iconic Blue Boy, one of the institution’s most famous paintings. The book is intended to reflect the wide range of works housed at the Huntington, including paintings, sculptures, decorative arts, and works on paper.

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94 TRADE, IMAGE-DRIVEN BLUE BOY & Co. EUROPEAN ART AT THE HUNTINGTON

c ATHERINE HEs s ANd mE l INd A mccURdy

with contributions by john brewer and kevin salatino

The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens San Marino, California DelMonico Books • Prestel Munich London New York

j ean f rançois l eleu (f rench) R O llTOP OR cylINd ER dEsk, 1767–1770 oak, walnut, and beech carcase, veneered with P recious woods; soft P aste P orcelain P laques; gilt bronze mounts, 39 × 38 × 21 in.

70

Opposite t homas g ainsborough ( b ritish) kARl fRIEd RIc H AbE l , ca. 1777 o il on canvas, 88 3/4 × 59 1/2 in.

Right and Below j ohn e dwards ii (b ritish) cREAm JUG, 1746 s ilver, gilt lined, 4 5/8 × 5 3/4 in.

132

TRADE, IMAGE-DRIVEN 95 PUBLISHER Dixon Gallery and Gardens BOOK TITLE Henri Guérard and the Phenomenon of the Artist’s Fan in France 1875–1900 TRIM SIZE 11⅜" × 9¼" COVER DESIGNER Yvonne Tsang / Wilsted & Taylor TEXT DESIGNER Yvonne Tsang / Wilsted & Taylor PRINTER Regal Printing Ltd, Hong Kong through Michael Quinn of QuinnEssentials Books and Printing, Inc. MATERIALS USED 170 gsm China Gold East matte art paper \ The typography—Bulmer with Ayres display—evokes nineteenth- century typography without seeming falsely old fashioned. Although the excellent text is written by collectors and scholars, it is the images that make this book extraordinary. The unusual horizontal format and luxurious space allow two-page spreads for the unfolded fans. Color work on the digital images by Evan Winslow Smith and multiple rounds of color proofing ensured close reproduction of the colors of the original fans.

96 TRADE, IMAGE-DRIVEN TRADE, IMAGE-DRIVEN 97 TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN / 10 / TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN PUBLISHER University of California Press BOOK TITLE The New Mediterranean Jewish Table: Old Recipes for the Modern Home AUTHOR Joyce Goldstein TRIM SIZE 8⅛" × 10¼" COVER DESIGNER Lia Tjandra TEXT DESIGNER Lia Tjandra PRINTER Qualibre/Print Plus MATERIALS USED 60# Soporset Opaque text, 449 ppi (text stock); Arrextox B Wicker (spine cloth) \ It was quite a challenge to fit this comprehensive collection of over 400 recipes into 468 pages. The New Mediterranean Jewish Table is an authoritative guide to Jewish home-cooking from North Africa, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Spain, Portugal, and the Middle East. The cover and chapter openers feature beautiful illustrations by Bay Area– based artist Hugh D’Andrade.

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100 TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN 101 PUBLISHER Callisto Media BOOK TITLE Real World Mindfulness for Beginners: Navigate Daily Life One Practice at a Time EDITOR Brenda Salgado TRIM SIZE 5½" × 8¼" COVER DESIGNER Meg Woodcheke TEXT DESIGNER Meg Woodcheke PRINTER Lightning Source \ This is a user-friendly collection of bite-size mindfulness practices to help frazzled beginners navigate life’s ups and downs one practice at a time. The modern but friendly design and clean organization delivers accessible mindfulness techniques to the reader. The playful cover is simple but elegant.

102 TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN 103 PUBLISHER University of California Press BOOK TITLE Thoreau and the Language of Trees AUTHOR Richard Higgins TRIM SIZE 6" × 8" COVER DESIGNER Lia Tjandra TEXT DESIGNER Lia Tjandra PRINTER Maple Press MATERIALS USED 70# Rolland Opaque White (interior stock); Arlington cloth, white and silver foil (hard cover) \ This book is intended to be a lovely gift item for Thoreau and/or nature lovers. With that in mind, I chose a small format, cloth binding, and intricately detailed foil stamping on the front cover. The essays by Thoreau are beautifully accented with the author’s own photographs.

104 TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN 105 PUBLISHER Trinity University Press BOOK TITLE Tides: The Science and Spirit of the Ocean AUTHOR Jonathan White TRIM SIZE 6" × 9" COVER DESIGNER Ann Weinstock TEXT DESIGNER BookMatters, David Peattie PRINTER Maple Press MATERIALS USED 55# Natures B19 cream (text); 70# Utopia2 gloss (insert); 3 piece notch 80# Rainbow charcoal spine over 80# Rainbow Delft (binding); S17 gold foil; blue gold headbands \ The mission was to bring together a book about a subject that is difficult to understand using maps, figures, illustrations, and photos interwoven with personal narrative. The book needed to be clear, but approachable; scholarly, yet personal.

106 TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN 52 • Tides Star of Our Life • 53

The moon’s phases in a lunar month. From left: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent, new moon. • this small bone is the earliest evidence of a moon calendar, Marshaak At arm’s length in front of me, I can stack four fingers between the suggests in his book Roots of Civilization that the tradition dates back horizon and the moon. The sun’s pinkish light is gone, and so are the to the Pleistocene, 300,000– 600,000 years ago. other tourists, who are probably eating crepes and walking in the tiny However early humans began using the moon as a primary time- village below. I’m envious, but the solitude up here captures me. I wan- keeper, the practice held sway until the late sixteenth century, when it der through the cloisters and imagine the Benedictine monks of the was displaced in Europe by the Catholic Church’s sun- based Gregorian Middle Ages pacing under the vaulted ceilings. What role did the tide calendar. As Christianity struggled for footing in the early centuries of play in their contemplations? the current era, the timekeeping properties and mythology associated The Benedictines arrived at this church in the tenth century, a few with the moon were slowly relegated to the profane. The sun grew hundred years after it was built. As legend has it, in 708 ce the arch- to symbolize Christ, and the moon’s role as fertility goddess shifted angel Michael appeared for three nights in Bishop Aubert’s dream, to Mary. “ Sun- day” became the Sabbath, a day of rest and worship; asking him to build a sanctuary. The bishop, who lived in the nearby “ Moon- day” became the first day of the workweek. In spite of these village of Avranches, dismissed the dream as fantasy. In exasperation, large shifts in worldview, many cultures— including pockets within Saint Michael drove his finger into Aubert’s skull on the third night. the Christian world— still see the moon as a symbol of spirituality. It’s This, as the story goes, finally got the bishop’s attention (without telling that religious holidays such as Easter, Passover, Ramadan, and killing him), and he ordered that a church be built, which now stands most Buddhist festivals are timed to the moon. Lunar calendars are on the island’s west side. Over hundreds of years, the Benedictines 182 • Tides Fast Water • 183 still used in China and many Arab countries. finished the abbey and quarters, hauling stones by boat from the

formed, with the youngest coral on top and the oldest at the bottom. “As nautilus grows,” wrote Pompeii and Kahn, “it incorporates two The youngest— the ones living today—have ring counts of between kinds of rhythmically repeating structures. One is the enlargement of 360 and 375, which roughly corresponds with the number of days in the body chamber . . . and the other is septation, by which the parts our current year. Coral that lived 600 million years ago, Wells found, of the shell abandoned by the animal are partitioned off into cham- have rings corresponding to a twenty- one-hour day. bers.” Chambers are formed monthly, each sealed off with a wall as the Wells’s findings, admittedly rough, appeared in the journalNature animal spirals outward. Daily growth rings are laid down within each in 1963, inspiring a search for long- term records in other living sea chamber. When Kahn and Pompeii counted these lines in nautiloids fossils, such as scallops, mussels, clams, and algae. ranging in age from 25 to 420 million years, they found general agree- Meanwhile, another source of proof appeared, this one from a reflec- ment with Wells’s work. tor left on the moon during the 1969 Apollo landing. The device, not Evidence of the earth’s rotational history has also come from the much larger than one of Buzz Aldrin’s nearby footprints, was designed tide itself. Geologists have long known about tidal rhythmites, which to reflect a laser beam transmitted from earth. The beam’s travel are layers of soft stone formed on the seabed of estuaries or tidal del- time— almost the speed of light— could be converted to distance with tas millions of years ago. These were once highly protected areas that accuracy within an inch. Over the last forty- seven years, the data has allowed the tide to come and go with little disturbance from wind or confirmed that the moon is receding at a rate of an inch and a half per waves. Consequently, each tide left a layer of sediment that varied in year. It was a tremendous step forward in the effort to understand the thickness, depending on the tide’s size and the current’s speed. Spring earth- moon history, but forty- seven years is very short in geological tides with faster currents, for example, left thin layers, while neap time— not even a blink. What happened in the 4.5 billion years before tides with slower currents left thick layers. These layers can be read in that? Has the moon’s retreat been consistent since the beginning? a laboratory to determine length of day, variations in tide range, and, These questions are still largely unanswered, but research inspired by extrapolation, the moon’s distance. by Wells continues. In the 1970s physicist Stephen Pompeii and In the 1990s very old rhythmites were discovered in Australia, geophysicist Peter Kahn thought they had found an animal that fit France, the Netherlands, and even Utah, Alabama, and Indiana. A the criteria of being both very old and tuned to cosmic 620- million- year- old Australian rhythmite, when sliced in the lab, rhythms. The chambered nautilus, a relative of the showed a day length of twenty- two hours, which correlated to an squid and octopus, lives deep in the sea by day earth- moon distance of twelve thousand miles less than today’s. and swims to the surface by night. Not much Some scientists are critical of this kind of research, particularly is known about these creatures except that the coral and nautilus studies, arguing that ring counts are not reli- they’ve been around for about 500 mil- ably attributable to days, months, or years, or that data are biased lion years. toward desired results. But even if there’s not complete con- sistency in the ring counts, there’s enough consistency to make reasonable inferences. So far, it’s our only view into A cutaway view of a Nautilus pompilius showing the ancient rotational history of the earth and moon. its spiral structure and growth chambers. What rhythmites, corals, nautiluses, and even newly

SALMON FISHERY, SOLWAY FIRTH, SCOTLAND ST MARY’S LIGHTHOUSE, WHITLEY BAY, NORTHUMBERLAND March 27 and 28, 2006. Low water 5:20 p.m., high water 12 noon. September 17 and 20, 2008. Low water 1:00 p.m., high water 5:50 p.m.

TRADE, TEXT-DRIVEN 107 STUDENT ENTRIES / 11 / STUDENT ENTRIES BOOK TITLE The Book Thief STUDENT Renee Palermo PRINTER University Graphics System (UGS) MATERIALS USED Neenah Classic Crest Smooth Digital–White 80# \ The objective for this project was to create an original design for a book that we love. The design should reflect the content as well as honor design principals and file hygiene. I chose to redesign the dust jacket for The Book Thief because it is my brother's favorite book. Over the course of the design process I was reading the book to better understand the author's intent. I chose limited color pallet with high contrast and hash lines. The dust jacket design mimics the Constructivism art style that was prevalent across Europe during WWII.

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110 STUDENT ENTRIES STUDENT ENTRIES 111 BOOK TITLE A Clockwork Orange STUDENT Gabrielle Yakobson MATERIALS USED Lambskin leather in dovetail gray, marbled handmade paper in orange and gray. Neenah Paper 80# text paper in antique gray, Gmund Alezan paper in Caméléon Cult, hand butterfly-stitching with nylon upholstery thread as well as hand saddle-stitching with orange embroidery thread \ This limited edition of A Clockwork Orange is intended to honor the curious beauty of Burgess's novel and its profound, yet lighthearted nature. The murky gray leather and paper reflect the moral middle-ground between light and dark, right and wrong. The bright orange represents Burgess's characterization of humanity: a "living organism oozing with juice and sweetness." The marbled endsheets tap into the bizarre, dystopian setting and evoke a feeling of nausea, similar to the effects of Alex's critical aversion therapy halfway through the novel. The type is set in the British with the glossary included in its tucked into a leather pocket in the classic, Gill Sans, designed by Eric final pages, this limited edition back cover. This project was Gill and issued by Monotype in includes a separate booklet to completed for a Book Design 1928. This humanist sans-serif was decode Burgess's "Nadsat" slang. Technology class at California chosen as a nod to the novel's The glossary contains digitized Polytechnic State University, San origin and the mid-century modern doodles from Burgess himself, Luis Obispo. All components have design characteristic of its era. found in the margins of his original been hand folded, stitched, and While the novel is usually published 1961 typescript of A Clockwork bound. Special thanks to Professor Orange. This glossary can be found Lorraine Donegan. 112 STUDENT ENTRIES STUDENT ENTRIES 113 BOOK TITLE A Moveable Feast STUDENT Lauren Klammer MATERIALS USED Cover: green velvet. Endsheets: handmade marbled paper. Paper: 80# Classic Crest, digital text, natural white color, Neenah Paper \ In your hands lies my entirely hand made and fully redesigned version of A Moveable Feast. This book speaks to those who appreciate extremely detailed, exquisitely hand crafted, and incredibly unique limited edition books. After redesigning all of the text, printing, collating, and cutting, I hand-sewed each of the nineteen signatures. The casing-in was done in tedious steps, and the book board was covered by hand in velvet. The end sheets are handmade marbled paper that was then digitalized. While living in Paris for six months, I first read this book. It was then that I decided to use it for my upcoming Book Design Technology course at California Polytechnic State University. My favorite way to spend afternoons in Paris was walking alone through the city retracing Hemingway's routes through the markets and shops. This book is sought out by an experienced reader of classic novels the 1920's. The book is staged to for a book show. The contents of of the Lost Generation; someone belong to Ernest Hemingway the case include Hemingway's coat, who enjoys a dry but incredibly well himself and is housed in an old a pair of glasses, an empty bottle of written story about life in Paris in briefcase as it is sent ahead to Paris absinthe, and more.

114 STUDENT ENTRIES STUDENT ENTRIES 115

Printed in The United States of America