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FSU ETD Template Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Gravity and Geochemical Constraints on the Structure and Evolution of the El Valle Volcano, Panamá Keith Richard Munsey Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES GRAVITY AND GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE EL VALLE VOLCANO, PANAMÁ By KEITH RICHARD MUNSEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2018 Keith Munsey defended this thesis on March 8, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: James F. Tull Professor Co-Directing Thesis David W. Farris Professor Co-Directing Thesis Vincent J.M. Salters Committee Member Leroy Odom Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To my family, Mom, Dad, Matthew & Kyle To my late grandparents, Harry, Peggy & Antonia whom always supported my academic journey iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank everyone who made this thesis possible. I would especially like to thank David Farris for making this research and field work possible. I appreciate all the patience and guidance from my all my committee members, David Farris, Vincent Salters and LeRoy Odom. I thank the geochemistry staff at the National High Field Magnetic Laboratory; Vincent Salters and Afi Sachi-Kocher, for their assistance, guidance and facilities which allowed the analysis of this geochemical data. Finally, I would like to extend gratitude to my friends, family and coworkers for their endless amounts of support, love, and encouragement. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1: GRAVITY AND GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF THE EL VALLE VOLCANO, PANAMÁ ............................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Geologic Mapping ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Geologic Units of El Valle .................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 El Valle Lake Sediments ................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Remobilized El Hato ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Fan Deposits................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.4 El Hato Ignimbrite ......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.5 India Dormida ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.6 Dacitic Domes ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.7 Rio Anton Pyroclastic Flows ......................................................................................... 4 1.3.8 Iguana Pyroclastic Flow ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.9 Dacitic Lava Flows ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3.10 Piedra Fine Grained Andesites..................................................................................... 5 1.3.11 Piedra Coarse Grained Andesites................................................................................. 5 1.3.12 Andesitic Lava Flows and Agglomerates .................................................................... 5 1.3.13 Sorá Caldera ................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.14 Guacamayo Dacitic Flow ............................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2: GRAVITY INVESTIGATION ON THE SURFICIAL AND SUBSURFICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EL VALLE, VOLCANO ......................................................................... 6 2.1 Chapter Abstract ................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Geologic History ................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Tectonic Setting of Panamá ........................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Geology of El Valle Volcano ....................................................................................... 13 2.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 13 v 2.3.1 Geologic Mapping and Rock Sampling ....................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Gravity Data Collection ............................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Latitude, Free Air and Bouguer Corrections................................................................ 15 2.3.4 Gravity Modeling ......................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 3: Geochemical insights into the petrogenic evolution of the el valle volcano, Panamá .......................................................................................................................................... 28 3.1 Chapter Abstract ................................................................................................................. 28 3.2 Geologic Setting.................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.1 Tectonic Setting and Magmatic History ...................................................................... 28 3.2.2 Geologic History of El Valle ....................................................................................... 31 3.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 Lithologic Sampling..................................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Trace Element Geochemical Analysis ......................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Major Element Geochemical Analysis ........................................................................ 33 3.4 Geochemical Results ........................................................................................................... 33 3.4.1 Major Element Geochemical Data ............................................................................... 33 3.4.2 Trace Element Geochemical Data ............................................................................... 34 3.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 36 3.5.1 Major Element Geochemical Modeling ....................................................................... 36 3.6 Geochemical Modeling ....................................................................................................... 38 3.6.1 Major and Trace Element Geochemical Modeling ...................................................... 38 3.7 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 41 3.8 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 4: Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 46 4.1 Integrated Conclusions From Both Gravity and Geochemical Observations ..................... 46 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 48 A. DIFFERENTIAL GPS AND GRAVITY DATA .................................................................... 48 vi B. MAJOR ELEMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES ............................................................. 61 C. TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES ............................................................
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