INSECTS and RELATED TERRESTRIAL Invertebrates 97
Papers INSECTSAND RELATED TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES OF ELLEFRINGNES ISLAND* J. F. McAlpinet Introduction and History LLEF RINGNESISLAND, a low, lobster-shaped member of the Sverdrup E group of the Queen Elizabeth Islands(Fig. 1), is interesting tobiologists because of its extremely rigorous arctic environment and its resulting meager flora and fauna. Together with Amund Ringnes, Borden, Brock, King Chris- tion, Lougheed, Mackenzie King and Meighen Islands (the so-called north- western Queen Elizabeth Islands) it constitutes the most barren part of the high arctic region. Some idea of its bleakness is conveyed by the remarks of others who worked there. Stefansson (1921), on visiting Ellef Ringnes I. in June1916, wrote “I did not see a bladeof grass and the district struck me as the most barren I had even seen”; MacDonald (1961) who spent the field season of 1954 at Isachsen (joint Canada-United States weather station on Ellef Ringnes, Fig. 2), stated, “My immediate impression of Isachsen was of a region of utter desolation”. Summers at Isachsen,the richest locality on the island, are colder than atany other arctic weather station (Saville 1961a).Accordingly, Ellef Ringnes probably supports fewerforms of life than any otherice-free arctic land mass of comparable size (5,000 sq. mi.). The total confirmed flora com- prises 49 species of vascular plants and about 85 of fungi (Savile 1963) ; only 10 species of mammals and 15 of birds have been recorded on the island (MacDonald 1961; Savile 1961b). From my own studies (McAlpine 1962, 1964), it appears that about 75 species of free-living arthropods live there; 55 species of spiders, mites, springtails and insects are actually known now.
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