e ir sof L ri ges ire COUNTY BOUNDARY CHANGES F'OREWORI)

This Checklist commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Bird Club. It is the fnst avifauna to cover the whole of present-day (plus Unitary Authority). Previously, The Birds of Cambridgeshire (Bircham 1989) and The Birds of Huntingdon and Peterborough (Clark 1996) used the 1965 county boundaries (see maps opposite). I would like to thank the members of the Checklist Working Party, namely Richard Allison, Steve Cooper, Alan Hitchings, Bruce Martin and Richard Patient, for their constant help and support during the preparation ofthis publication. Thanks also to CliffCarson and Jonathan Taylor for checking the Ouse and data respectively and to Richard Patient for assisting me with the proof-reading.

Many thanks to all those who provided illustrations. The front cover by Richard Fowling is a HT'NTINGDONSHIRE striking painting in his own inimitable style. On the back cover, miniatures by Graham Easy (shown actual size) are some of the earliest work of this talented artist. We are much indebted to Hugh Ennion and the estate of Eric Ennion for permission to publish the incomparable line drawings. Thanks are also due to Robin Chittenden, Iain Leach and Alan Tate for permission to CAIT,IBRIDGESHTRE publish their excellent photographs. In addition, local photographers, Richard Allison, Stuart Elsom, Bob Frost, Da:ren Frost, David Gameq Bruce Martin, Jeremy Milne, John Parsloq Richard Patient, Richard Porter and Dick Seamons, have generously provided previously unpublished material of great value. Finally, I would'like to thank Roger Clarke and Stuart Elsom for their help in acquiring illustrations. The Soke of Peterborough became Peterborough and the IsIe of Ely independant of . Iost their separate ldentlttes. John S.Clark

Line drawings All line drawings are by the late Eric Ennion. We are much indebted to Oxford University Press for permission to publish the drawing of a Shelduck from Life on the Seashore by E.A.R.Ennion (1948).

\ Cover illustrations \ ,t The frontcover, by Richard Fowling, depicts Red-necked Grebe, Baill-on's Crake andMoustached CA}4BRIDGESHIRE I Warbler. For each of these species the first county breeding record was also the first for the /l a British Isles. I . \ al \-l | The back cover, by Graham Easy, depicts a Squacco Heron at Chesterton , Wryneck and -)l \ -t-t Hippolais warbler at Milton and Pectoral and Curlew Sandpipers at Cambridge sewage farm. All were recorded and painted in 1954.

Cambridgeshire and Peterborough became a unitary ISBN No.O 902038 13 3 were amalgamated. authority. THE BIRDS OF CAMBRIDGESHIRE: CHECKLIST 2OOO

Published by the Cambridge Bird Club in September 2000 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC LIST THE OUSEAND NENE WASHES, BOTH INTERNATIONALLYIMPORTANT SITES A}[D APPENDICES I.[I Intemationally important sites regularly hold in excess of 20,000 waterfowl (geese and ducks) orloloormoreofthe'flyway'populationofaparticularspecies. Overafiveyearperiod(1993/ RECORDS, STATUS CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS 94-1997 198) peak counts of waterfowl averaged 65,792 ar and 33,7 59 at Nene Record Lists: complete lists of records are provided for species with five or fewer records Washes. In this publication all counts of the commoner wintering waterfowl on the Ouse Record Totals: these axe provided for species with 100 or fewerrecords (unless stated otherwise). Washes include the section in Norfolk (see map on inside back cover). The record totals are in bold, next to the species name, with the number of individuals this representsinbracketse.C.2Q),c.18(154). AsingleobservationofanindividuaVflockcounts WISBECH SEWAGE FARM as one record. Further observations ofthe same individual/flock, even at different sites, have Formerly situated just outside Cambridgeshire on the Norfolk/Lincolnshire border. A number not been added to the total. However, determining whether a succession of sightings comprised of records refer to birds 'near Wisbech SF'which were seen just inside Cambridgeshire by the the same or different individuals/flocks has led to some rather arbitrary decisions. Probables . have been omitted including all references to pratincoles, skuas and petrels not specifically identified. THE BRrrrSH LrST - CATEGORTSATTON OF SPECIES (BOU 1998) Record Frequency: the number of years in which a species has been recorded during the Categories A, B and C (species on the British List). 1990s. Species recorded in 7-9 years are said to be 'almost annual' and species recorded in all Categories D and E (species not on the British List). 10 years are 'annual'. Category A: species recorded in an apparently natural state at least once since lst Jan 1950. Record Averages: the average number per yeax (e.g.) ofrecords during the 1990s, shown as Category B: species recorded in an apparently nahrral state before 1950 but not subsequently. av.8/vear. Category C: introduced species (originally releases or escapees) with self-supporting Category Freqaency Breeding Pairs Mnter or pssssge populations. Some species (e.g. Red Kite) are in both A and C. Very rare 1- in total I - 10 10 in total Category D: species not in Category A or B because there is reasonable doubt that they have years Rare 0-6 11+ in total 11+ in total ever occurred naturally. Scarce 7 -10 years 0-l0 peryear 0-20 per year Category E: includes potential Category C species (releases/escapees) which may occasionally Uncommon all 10 years Il-100 per year 2t-200 per year but have yet to form self-supporting populations. Fairly common all l0 years 101-1000 per year 201-2000 per year breed Common all 10 years 1001-3000 per year 2001-6000 per year SYSTEMATIC LIST (p.4 to 34) Very common all 10 years 3001-9000 per year 6001-18000 per year Abundant all 10 years 9001+ per year I 8000+ per year Nomenclature and Sequence: follows Voous's List of Recent Holarctic Species (BOU 1977, revised edition) and subsequent amendments as notified by BOU in Ibis. Subspecific Vagrant: a bird well outside its usual range. nomenclature follows BllP. Connon names in everyday use are in bold face. Alternative Imlptive visitor: periodic/irregular occuffence outside its usual range. names, as published in The British Z,'sl (BOU 1998), are in plain face (in brackets). Passage migrant: implies spring and autumn unless stated otherwise. Systematic List: comprises a total of 324 species on the British List (Categories A-C) which Migratory breeder: otherwise known as summer visitor. recorded in up to and including Dec 1999. Resident: implies breeding unless stated otherwise. were Cambridgeshire 3lst 'Feral: species breeding in the wild which were introduced, deliberately or (p.34 accidentally, by man. APPEI\DICES I-[I to 36) Appendix I: contains Category A and C species excluded from the Systematic List as they are ABBREVIATIONS probably escapes or releases from captivity. N/A indicates that record totals are not available e.g. when escapees cannot easily be distinguished Appendix II: contains Category D species fuotential CategoryA species). from wild individuals. Appendix III: contains only selected Category E species (potential Category C species). * denotes records not submitted to British Birds (aterBBRQ but accepted bythe local comnrittcc. ** denotes records rejected by British Birds (Iater BBRq but subsequently accepted by thc local committee where fresh evidence has become available. SF: sewage farm BF: sugar beet factory BP: brick pit GP: gravel pit BBRC: British Birds Rarities Committee. BOII British Omithologists' Union EarliesVlatest dates are given as (e.9.) 21.9.97; all refer to 20th century unless stated otherwise. SYSTEMATIC LIST Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus l(l) Very rare visitor: one at Grafrram Water on 3fth Oct 1988. An exceptional inland record of a Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata c.96(110) highly pelagic species, which breeds in the southern hemisphere. Scarce, almost annual passage migranVwinter visitor. Largest party 3 (Ferry Meadows Feb 1979 and Grafham WaterApr 1989). Earliest2l.9.97 and latest 23.4.89. Manx Shearwater Pufiinus puffinus c.28Q8) Rare visitor, the majority stranded during the dispersal of juveniles in Sept (many dead or Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica c.33(38) dying). Also noted Mar-May, July andAug. Scarce, almost annual passage migranVwinter visitor, chiefly to Graflram Water and other large expanses of water in the west of the county. Largest party 3 (Ferry Meadows Feb 1979). Storm Petrel (European Storm-petrel) Hydrobates pelagicus 8(8) Earliest 7.10.81 and latest 22.4.90. Very rare storm-driven visitor, with dated records in Jan, July, Nov and Dec. First noted in spring I 828 (Cambridge). Only 3 records in the 20th century (Reach Dec 1929, Steeple Morden Great Northern Diver Gavia immer c.46(48) Nov 1957 and Elsworth July 1979). Scarce, almost annual winter visitor. Summered once (Fen Drayton GP 1995), otherwise earliest 19.10.67 and latest 7.5.90.. Generally singly, but long-stayers were joined by second birds on Leach's Petrel (Leach's Storm-petrel) Oceanodroma leucorhoa 18(19) three occasions (Graftam Water Jan-Apr l97l and 1990, and [,ane GP Jan 1995). Rare visitor, the majority storm-driven, with at least 5 records during the spectaculaf,'wreck'of Oct/Nov 1952. AII dated records are within the period Sept-Dec. Two together at Graftram Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Water in Sept 1983. Fairly common resident (cunently 100-150 pairs), breeding chiefly on lakes or ponds. The Gannet (Northern Gannet) Morus bassanus c.55(74) breeding population increased in I 940s-70s as new flooded gravel pits became available. Highest count 58 (Fen Drayton GPAug 1989). Scarce, almost annual visitor, the majority storm-driven during Sept-Nov (others noted Jan- May and July). Largest party 4 (Cambidge Apr 1981). Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Cormorant (Great Cormorant) Phalacrocorax carbo Fairly common resident (cunently c.250 pairs); some immigration in cold winters. tlighest Greatly increased, now fairly common, passage migrant/winter visitor. Highest count 1200 count 950 (Graflram Water Feb 1985). Previously a rare breeder until the 1930s due to drainage (Little Paxton GP roost Jan 1996). First bred 1988 (Little Paxton GP) with225+ pairs in four and persecution in the l9th century. The population then increased rapidly largely due to colonies by 1999. Continental sinensis thought to have initiated the breeding colonies and protection and the increased availability of flooded gnvel workings. hybridises with Allantic carbo. Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegma Shag (European Shag) Phalacrocorax aristotelis Scarce annual visitor (av.3/year), mainly in winter. Exceptional count l l (Ferry Meadows Feb Scarce annual visitor; mainly storm-driven immatures, with periodic winter 'wrecks' 1979). At one site the same individual, which has summered annually since 1987, paired and (occasionally spring or autumn). Exceptional party 4l (Little Paxton GP Jan 1993). Has bred unsuccessfully in 1988. In 1990 a potential mate at the same site was found dead. summered e.g. St.Ives 1975/76 and Cambridge 1980/81 and 1993. Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus Bittern (Great Bittem) Botaurus stellaris Scarce, almost annual visitor (av.4/year), mainly in winter. Summered once (River Nene Feb- Scarce but increased annual visitor, mainly in winter. Highest recent count 3 (Fen Drayton GP Oct 1956). Highest count 5 (Graftam Water Oct 1973). Earliestz4.g.67 and latest 16.4.88. Feb 1999). Breeding last confirmed 1938 (Burwell Fen). Prior tb the mid-19th century a widespread breeding species in ancient fenland Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Scarce anriual visitor (av.l0/year), mainly passage/summer but has occurred in winter. Bred on Little Bittern lxobrychus miniltus 5(6) three occasions (Burwell Fen 1937, Ely BF 1989 and Fen Drayton GP 1992). A recent increase Very rare visitor from the Continent: Ely 1848, Waterbeach Fen 1858, Stibbington 21st June- in records is due to the expansion ofthe northem England breeding population e.g. exceptional 19th July 1960 (pair, possibly bred), Over Staunch 7th June 1981 and 28th- party 10 ( Mar 1998). 29th June 1986.

Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophrys l(l) Night Heron (Black-crowned Night Heron) Nycticorm nycticorax c.16(16) Very rare vagrant from the southern hemisphere: an immature found exhausted near Linton on Rare visitor from the Continent, mainly May-July (others Apr and Nov). Two (separately) at 9th July 1897 was the first British record of this oceanic species. Ouse Washes (June-July 1987). Escapees noted in 1999.

Fulmar (Northem Fulmar) Fulmarus glacialis c.36 (36) Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 6(6) Rare visitor. Has occurred in almost every month with peaks in Mar, Apr and Sept; often but Very rare vagrant from the Continent. First recorded around 1820-25 (old Cambs); subsequent not invariably after strong winds. records from 1954 onwards, att May-July. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 2(6) (Jan 1990) and at Nene Washes 2543 (Jan 1993). Occasionally summers (usually injured birds). Very rare vagrant from the Continent: up to 5 on Ouse Washes (2 of which later at Burwell) 9th- Previously very rare with the fnst influx (from Netherlands) in the 1938139 winter, but regular lTth (and 20th) May 1992 and one near 14th Nov 1995. thereafter.

Little Egret Egretta garzetta c.23(25) Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Scarce, recently increased passage visitor (annual since 1994). Except for one around 1850 Locally afairly common winter visitor with the highest count 1660 (Ouse Washes Nov 1999). ( Mere), all records date from 1964. Majority in May and Aug-Sept, with earliest Some passage migrants and occasionally summers (usually idured birds). Previously, l-30 '1.5.90 and latest 27.9.96198. Occasionally 2 together. until 1960s. then a considerable increase from 1970 onwards.

Great White Egret (Great Eget) Egretta alba 4(4) Bean Goose Anserfabalis NIL Vpry rare vagrant from the Continent: Thomey Fen May or June 1849, Fen Dralon GP 16th- Scarce winter visitor. Largest party 40 (Ouse Washes Mar 1979). When races identified, most l?th Feb 1994, Fen Drayton GP/IvIarsh Lane GP 4th-8th Dec 1997 and I lth Jan 1998 (possibly records refer to Tundra (Russian) rosslcas, with fewer (mainly escapees/feral) ofTaiga (Westem) Nearctic egretta) and Nene Washes 25th Aug 1999. fabalis. Presumed escaped or feral individuals noted during summer, otherwise earliest 20.11.79 and latest 24.3.78. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Fairly common resident, currently c.16 regular heronries Pink-footed Goose Arner brachyrhynchus totalling 200-240 nests. Passage migrant, mainly in Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant. Largest flock 5000+ (central Feb-Mar autumn. Previously, Milton Park (135 nests in 1928) was 1958). Since then, with the exception of a total of 2000 overflying the northem tip ofthe the largest heronry in the British Isles. county in Jan 1999 , flocks have not exceeded 200. Injured or escaped./feral birds occasionally sunrmer, otherwise earliest 16.9.94 and latest mid May 1959. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea c.31(31) Scarce, almost annual passage visitor, mainly to Ouse White-fronted Goose (Greater White-fronted Goose) Anser albifrons Washes. Majority in May and Sept. Winter record (Ely Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant. Very local, but more widespread in hard winters. Grev Heron 1826127), otherwise earliest 30.3.96 and latest 9.11.94 Largest party 220 (Nene Washes Mar 1986). Presumed escaped./feral birds summer, otherwjse (on which date it died). earliest 30.9.94 and latest 11.5.93. When races identified, all were Siberian albifrons (except for 2 records of &eenlandflavirostris, currently under review). Black Stork Ciconia nigra l(l) Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Woodwalton Fen 20th Aug 1975 **. Greylag Goose Anser anser Fair$ common feral resident (200+ pairs). Feral birds first bred 1974 (Fenstanton GP) with White Stork Ciconia ciconia 8(8) highest count 1000 (Little Paxton GP Sept 1987). Previously a wild breeding population existed Very rare vagrant from Eurasia, recorded Apr, May and July-Sept. First noted Au;g 1972 in ancient fenland until the late l8th century and occasional wild birds were shot during the (St.Ives)*. Suspected escapees/feral birds noted in 1996. 1930s-40s.

Glossy lbis Plegadis falcinellus 4(4) Canada Goose Branta canadensts Very rare vagrant from southern Europe: Whittlesey Mere 31st May 1825, Holywell 21st Oct Fairly common feral resident (100+ pairs). First bred in 1959 (Milton GP and Stibbinglon GP) 1909, Balsham Oct l9l2 and Ouse Washes 30th Nov-2nd Dec 1990. with highest count 565 (Ferry Meadows Dec 1987). Occasional examples of smaller races are presumed to be feral or escapees. Spoonbill (Eurasian Spoonbill) Platalea leucorodia c.26(35) Rare visitor from the Continent, mainly to Ouse Washes. Largest party 4 (Ouse Washes May Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis NIL 1981 and 1990). Most in Mav with earliest 23.4.61 and latest 25.8.87. Wild birds are rare winter visitors. The great majority of records refer to feral birds/escapees which have occurred ih all months. Largest party 52 (Buckden GP Mar 1999). Mute Swan Cygnus olor Fairlycommonresident(150+pairs). Thebreedingpopulationhastakenadvantageofgravcl Brent Goose Branta bernicla workings but increases in the past were often offset by the effects of severe winters, lead poisoning Scarce annual winter visitor and passage migrant (av.8/year). Largestpafi 200 (Nene Washes and overhead wires. Large gatherings ofnon-breeders. Highest count I 020 (Ouse Washes Nov Jan'1987). Earliest 17.9.94 and latest 29.6.91. When races identified, nearly all were Dark- 1993). bellted bernicla. The Pale-belljed hrota has been identified on the Ouse Washes in Jan 7929, Dec 1996 andAor 1997. Bewick's Swan (Tundra Swan) Cygnus columbianus Locally common winter visitor; some passage migrants. Highest count at Ouse Vy'ashes 5984 Eglptian Goose Alopochen aegtptiacus Garganey Anas querquedula Scarce annual wanderers from feral populations (and escapees). Single pairs bred 1988-91 Scarce annual migratory breeder (mainly Ouse and Nene Washes) and passage migrant. Highest (Fen Drayton GP). Largest party: 6 (Kingfisher's Bridge 1999). count 60 (Ouse Washes autumn 1954). Earliest25.2.92 and latest 6.1.2.99.

Ruddy Shelduck Thdorna ferruginea Nl A Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 6(7) Most, if not all, records refer to feral birds/escapees. First dated record l9l2 (Holywell) with Very rare vagrant from North America, first recorded (and highest count) a pair in Jan 1969 a furtlrer 16+ records, mainly Apr-May and Aug-Sept. Largest party 3 (Holywell 1972 and (Grafham Water). Noted in JanlFeb and June-Oct. Bred 1988 (female paired with Shoveler at Nene Washes July 1990). Fen Drayton GP). Presumed escapee (a male at intervals, Comberton 1988-91).

Shelduck (Common Shelduck) Tadorna tadorna Shoveler (Nodhem Shoveler) Anas clypeata Fairly common resident. First bred 1936 (Nene Washes), Uncommon resident (80-200 pairs), mainly OuseAllene Washes. Fairly common winter visitor now around 40-50 pairs. Some passage migrants. Highest and passage migrant; highest count at Ouse Washes 1100 (Mar 1969) and at Nene Washes 689 count 282 (Ouse Washes 1997). (Mar 1998).

Mandarin (Mandarin Duck) Aix galericulata Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina Uncommon feral resident (and escapee) with 10-25 pairs, Uncommon visitor, recorded every month. The majority are escapees/feral birds. Largest mainly in the Nene Valley. Highest count 53 (Ferry party 7 (Fen Drayton GP Dec 1997). Meadows Dec I975). Pochard (Common Pochard) Aythyaferina

Wigeon (Eurasian Wigeon) Anas penelope Scarce annual resident with breeding first recorded in 1 924 (floods at Holywell and Little Paxton). Abundant winter visitor and passage migrant. Regularly Common winter visitor and passage migrant, highest count 5500 (Ouse Washes Mar 1971). summers in small numbers but breeding confirmed only occasionally e.g. 1983 (Peterborough) and 1996 (Ouse Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris ll(17) Shelduck Washes). Highest count at the Ouse Washes 53,615 (Dec Rare vagrant from North America, first recorded Jan 1968 (Mepal GP). Noted Nov-June. 1989) and at the Nene Washes 13,533 (Feb 1999). . Ferruginous Dnck Aythya nyroca c.25(29) American Wigeon Anas americana 6(6) Rare visitor from Eurasia (although some records may refer to Aytlryahybrids or escapees). All Very rare vagrant from North America, first noted Feb 1956 (Ouse Washes). Three Feb-Mar, noted July-Apr. Largest party 3 (Fletton BP Oct-Nov 1950). others Jan, Dec and May (and presumed escapee at Ferry Meadows Aug 1975). Tirfted Duck ly thy a fu li gu la Gadwall Anas strepera Fairly common resident (currently 300+ pairs); first bred 1911 (Arrington). Very common Fairly common resident (100+ pairs) and winter visitor. Highest count 1250 (Ouse Washes winter visitor and passage migrant, highest count 3100 (Grafham Water Nov 1979). Mar 1998). Dramatic increase, with breeding of feral/wild birds first confirmed 1938 (Burwell Fen), then regular from 1964 onwards. Previously only an occasional visitor with records Scaup (Greater Scaup) Aythya marila dating backto 17l5 (Borough Fen Decoy). Scarce, annual winter visitor and passage migrant (av. l0/year). Highest coirnt c.60 (Ouse Washes Feb 1947). Earliest 18.7.80 and latest 19.5.94. Teal (Common TeaI) Anas crecca Scarce annual breeder (mainly OuseA.{ene Washes). Very common winter visitor and passage Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis l(2) migrant, highest count 7570 (Ouse Washes Jan 1975). Very rare vagrant from North America: a pair at St.Ives GP 3 I st Jan- 1 9th Mar and Ouse Washes Green-winged TeaI carolinensrs: 15 records of this North American form, all Dec-Apr. 22ndMar-l}thApr 1999 (female until 14th).

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Eider (Common Eider) Somateria mollissima 18(154) Very common resident and winter visitor (some evidence of a recent decline). Many feral/semi- Rare visitor, mainly in winter; summered once (probable escapee Graflram Water 1983-85). feral populations. Highest count: 7815 (Ouse Washes Dec 1985). Exceptional party 130 (Ouse Washes Nov 1975) due to coastal fog.

Pintail (Northem Pintail) Anas acuta King Eider Somateria spectabilis l(7) Locally coflrmon winter visitor and passpge migrant with highest count at Nene Washes 5000 Very rare vagrant from the highArctic. First winter male at Grafham Water from22nd-29thlan (Mar 1969) and at Ouse Washes 3630 (Mar 1974). Has bred sporadically on both Ouse and 1968 *, an exceptional inland record, and so far south. (The only European collections known Nene Washes. to house this species in the 1960s were Slimbridge and CopenhagenZoo.' In neither were the Red Kite Milvus milvus c.100(101) in 20th century. birds tuIl-winged.) Scarce annual wanderer/passage migrant, recorded in every month. Recent increase in records (83 from 1989-99 cf,, only 17 from 1900-88) due mainly to releases elsewhere in England from Long-tailed Dtuck Clangula ltyemalis c.31(40) 1989 onwards. Bred unsuccessfully in 1999, the first attempt since 1848 (). Rare, irregular winter visitor and passage migrant (fewer in 1990s). Largest paxty 4 (Graflram Previously a locally common breeder in the 19th century, with highest cotnt2T ( WaterDec 1979-Jan 1980). Earliest24.9.74 and latest 29.6.47. 1824).

Common Scoter (Black Scoter) Melanitta nigra White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla 6(6) Scarce, annual visitor, mainly passage migrant (av.8/year). Recorded every month, chiefly at Very rare vagrant from Eurasia, first noted in 1847 (Stetchworth). Only one 20th century Graflram Water. Largestparty 73 @en Drayton GP Nov 1994). record: Milton Park Feb-Mar 1936.

Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata 2(2) Marsh Harrier (Eurasian Marsh Hanier) Circus aeruginosus Very rare vagrant from NorthAmerica: lst-summer males recorded at Marsh Lane GP 6th June Uncommon passage migrant, rare in winter. Highest count 25 (Nene Washes roostAug 1995). 1983 and Grafham Water 26th Apr-5th May 1989, both exceptional inland records. Scarce but increasing migrant breeder (up to 8 pairs in 1999). First bred in the 20th century in 1981, then annually from 1985 onwards. Previously bred commonly in until the mid Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca c.40(63) l9th centurv. Rare winter visitor and passage migrant (fewer in 1990s). Largest party 5 (St.Ives GP Jan 1964, Graftam Water Jan and May 1985). Earliest 14.10.73 and latest 25.5.80. Circus cyaneus Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant; highest Goldeneye (Common Goldeneye) Bucephala clangu.la count 17 (Ouse Washes roost Nov/Dec 1979). Recorded Fairly common winter visitor and passage migrant. 1-5 now summer regularly. Highest count in the summer (Hamerton 1978, South Cambs 1985-86 348 (Little Paxton GP Mar 1999). and Ouse Washes 1992-94), otherwise earliest 5.9.99 and latest 2.5.97. Possibly bred in the l9th century Smew Mergellus albellus e.g. Ramsey 1860. Uncommon winter visitor with largest numbers in severe winters (and winters immediately Hen Harrier following). Highest count 35-40 (Ouse Washes Feb-Mar 1956). Earliest20.ll.7l and latest Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus 13.4.86. Scarce annual passage migrant (av.4/year) and occasional migratory breeder. Nested inegularly, but with increasing frequency, up to the 1950s. Since then has bred in 1981, 1990 and 1995. Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Earliest 17.4.88 and latest 28.10.41. Scarce annual winter visitor and passage migrant (av.5/year); noted in every month. Exceptional count 130 (Ouse Washes Feb 1956). Goshawk (Northern Goshawk) Accipiter gentilis c.6l(62) in 20th century. Scarce annual visitor (av.3/year), mainly from 1950s onwards. Most records probably involve Goosander Mergus metgan:ter escapees/feral birds (from which the current British breeding population is thought to be derived). Fairly common winter visitor, more common in severe winters. Recorded infrequently in Noted in every month with rwo together (St.Ives GP Feb 1986). Previously, some evidence that sulnmer. Highest count 156 (Grafham Water Jan 1997) bred in the Peterborough area until the early l9th century.

jamaicensis Ruddy Duck Oryura Sparrowhawk () Accipiter nisus Escapees/wanderers from feral populations first noted Jan 1970 (Graftram Water). Breeding Fairly common resident; some passage migrants and winter visitors. No breeding records from confirmed at 6+ sites between 1984-99. Largest party 5l (Graflram Water Jan 1997). 1968-81 due to toxic pesticides; population now fully recovered.

Honey Buzzard @uropean Honey-buzzard) Pernis apivorus c.a0 (a5) B;uizzarl! (Common Btzzard) Buteo buteo Scarce, passage (av.2/year); almost annual migrant largest party 3 (Cottenham Sept 1998). Uncommon, but increasing passage migrant and winter visitor; regularly summers. Nested Earliest4.5.91 andlatest4.l0.91 (alsotwoNovemberrecordsinl%hcentury). Strongevidence 1959-60 (Great Staughton/IGmbolton), 1976 (Wennington Wood) and 1999 (south-east Cambs). that nested in 1862 (near Newmarket). Previously a locally cornmon breeder until persecution from the 1840s onwards. Black Kite Milvus migrans l(l) Rough-legged Buzzardl Buteo lagopus c.63(70) Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Staughton Moor on 7th June 1989. Rare passage migrant and winter visitor (periodic influxes e.g. 12+ individuals in 1994195 winter). Highest count 3 (Wennington Wood Oct 1966). Earliest 21.9.76 and latest 6.5.75.

10 1l Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 2(2) Rallus aquaticus Very rare visitor: obtained Walcot Oct 1849 and Chatteris Oct 1875 (l9th century vagrancy Uncommon, much declined resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 20+ also claimed in neighbouring counties e.g. Norfolk Nov 1868). (Woodwalton Fen Dec 1979).

Osprey Pandion haliaetus Spotted Crake Porzana porzana Uncommon passage migrant; summered in 1993 (Graftram Water). Earliest 18.3.90 and latest Scarce annual passage migrant and summer visitor (regular from 1970s onwards, with breeding 19.11.92. Usually singly, occasionally 2 together. occasionally confirmed e.g. Ouse Washes 1994 and Nene Washes 1999). Highest count 13 (Nene Washes June 1998). Previously a locally common breeder until mid-l9th century. Kestrel (Common Kestrel) Falco tinnunculus Fair$ common resident, autumn passage migrant and winter visitor. Population low in 1960s- Little Crake Ponana parva 2(2) 70s due to insecticide poisoning. Highest count 40 (Ouse Washes Nov l97l), the majority Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Bamwell l6th Mar 1826 and Chesterton Mar 1864. immigrants/winter visitors. Baillon's Crake Ponana pusilla 3(N/A) Very rare vagrant Eurasia: (first Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus c.22(25) from Melboum Jan 1823 British record) and 2 nests in old Cambs in June/Aug 1858 (first British breeding records). Rare vagrant from Eurasia, recorded May and June (occasionally July-Sept). Highest count 3 (Sutton Gault May 1992) during an exceptional influx of c.l3 individualq. Corncrake (Com Crake) Crac uqc 29(29) since 1955. Rare passage migrant, chiefly May-June. Earliest 19.4.60 and latest 4.10.81 (exceptionally 2 Merlin Falco columbarius December records in 19th century). Previously a common migratory breeder but declined Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 5 ( roost in 1950s). rapidly in the fnst half of the 20th century largely due to the loss/earlier cutting of grassland. Earliest 5.7.97 and latest 18.5.99. Nesting last confirmed 1955 (Ickleton).

Hobby (Eurasian Hobby) Falco subbuteo Moorhen (Common Moorhen) Gallinula chloropus Uncommon passage migrant and migratory breeder (increased, particularly in 1980s; currently Fairly common resident and probable autumn immigrant. Largest count 530 (Ouse Washes l5-30pairs). Highestcount16(FenDraytonGPMayl999). Earliest3l.3.85andlatest2.1l.92. Nov 1972). Gyr Falcon Falco rusticolus l(l) Coot (Common Coot) Fulica atra Very rare vagrant from the high Arctic: a white morph at Stretham during Jan 1940. Very common resident and winter visitor. Highest count 3700 (Graftam Water Nov 1973).

Peregrine (Peregrine Falcon) Falco peregrinus Crane (Common Crane) Grus grus c.28(34) in 20th century. Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor (regular on the main washes). Recorded in Scarce, almost annual passage visitor, first recorded in 20th century in 1963. Noted every every month (but some considered to be escapees). Highest count 4 (Nene Washes Jan 1998). month, the majority Apr-May with largest party 3 (Block Fen and Ouse Washes Apr 1997). Previously bred until the l6th century and described as common in winter in the early 17th RedJegged Partridge Alectoris rufa century but no records after 1773. Very common introduced resident (first noted in 1821). Frequent releases. Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax a($ all in l9th century. Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Newmarket Heath (undated), Caxton Dec 1832 and Ouse Washes Fairly common resident, now localised due to agricultural change (including intensive farming, 1842 and 1848. pesticides and herbicides). Frequent releases. Great Bustard Otis tarda 4+(4) since 1831. Quail (Common Quail) Coturnix coturnix Former resident, paiticularly on Newmarket Heath, but rare by 1820 with breeding last confirmed Uncommon summer visitor in variable numbers (occasional influxes e.g. c.75 in 1989). Breeding in 1831. Subsequently recorded as follows: Dec 1832 (Caxton), Jan 1856 (Burwell Fen), Feb rarely confirmed. Recorded in winter (St.Neots Dec 1846), otherwise earliest 23.4.85 and 1880 (West Wickham) and Feb 1891 (Mildenhall Fen). Recorded in 20th century in 1902 Iatest 31.10.52. Some releases. (Bottisham and Girton, undated), possibly due to escapees/releases from Norfolk (although genuine vagrants noted in Ireland in Dec 1902). Pheasant (Common Pheasant) Phasianus colchicus Very common introduced resident (nominate colchicus in I lth cenfury and Ring-necked lorquatus Oystercatcher (Eurasian Oystercatcher) Haematopus ostralegus in l8th century). Frequent releases. Uncommon but increased migratory breeder (25-30 pairs); first nested 1971 (Mepal GP and Ouse Washes). Recently few passage migrants and winter visitors. Largest party 55 (Graflram Water Jan 1982).

t2 13 Black-winged St:ilt Himantopus himantopus 5(7) Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva l(1) very rare vagrant from the continent: 2 cambridge SF 2nd May 1945; Graftram water lTth- very rare vagrant from Siberia/Alaska: lst-summer at upware/ 14th-27th 24th Aug 1965; pair Apr Nene washes 14th May-14th June 1983 (bred unsuccessfully) and ouse 1996. Washes 17th June; River Nene l9th Aug 1987 and Cam Washes 8th May 1998. Golden Plover (European Golden Plover) Pluvialis apricaria Avocet (Pied Avocet) Recurvirostra ayosetta c.7 4(169) very common winter visitor and passage migrant. Recorded every month but very few mid Scarce passage migrant, mainly Mar-June; annual since 1992. overwintered Dec 1936-Jan May-midJuly. Southem apricaria andnorthern altifrons bothoccur. Highestcount 10,000+ 1937 (cambridge SF) otherwise earliest 24.3.96 and latest 25.11.94. Largest party 25 (cam (Nene Washes Mar 1995). Washes Mar 1983). Bred in 1998 (3 pairs Nene Washes) and may have previously bred in the undrained/ancient fenland. Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Uncommon passage migrant. Recorded every month, chiefly Apr-May and sept-oct. Highest Stone Curlew (Stone-curlew) Burhinus oedicnemus count 20 (Nene Washes Sept 1990). Scarce, almost annual passage migrant and migratory breeder (a pair bred in 1999 but none confirmed 1996-1998). Previous estimates of around 70 pairs breeding in the south of the Sociable Plover (Sociable Lapwing) Vanellus gregarius 3(3) county in the early 1950s (when largest party 120). Earliest 10.3.97 and latest 8.1 1.53. Very rare vagrant from southeast Russia/central Asia: Horningsea/Fen Ditton l8th-30th Oct 1976, Ouse Washes l5th-30th Oct 1990 and Chatteris 5th-20th Oct 1991. Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola 2(2)

very rare vagrant from southern Europe/Asia: 1 Quy May 835 and ouse washes 19th June -3rd Lapwing (Northern Lapwing) Vanellus vanellus July 1983. Fairly common but much declined resident (around 600- 700 pairs). Increasingly restricted to the main washes Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni 3(3) and gravel pits by the demise of mixed crop combinations Very rare vagrant from eastern Europe/Asia: Fenstanton GP/Hilton 12th- I 8th Aug I 98 1, Block (ideal for nesting/chick rearing). Abundant winter visitor Fen (Mepal) 1lth-l2th Oct 1982 and an adult Colne Fen GP 6th July 1999. and passage migrant. Highest count 36,520 (ouse washes Dec 1997). Little Ringed Plover (Little Plover) Charadrius dubius uncommon migratory breeder passage Lapwing and migrant, first recorded it 1942 (cambridge sF). Knot (Red Knot) Calidris conutus First bred in 1952 (st.Ives GP, Hauxton GP) with up to 70 pairs by 1973. Now around 15 pairs. scarce annual visitor, mainly passage migrant (av.Tlyear). Recorded every month but chiefly Largestparty50(GraftramWaterAug 1975). Earliest7.3.9l andlatest 29.10.73. Feb-May and Aug-Oct. Highest count 25 (Fen Drayton Gp Dec 1980). Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula Sanderling Calidris alba Uncommon migratory breeder and passage migrant; only occasional in winter. First nested in Scarce annual visitor, mainly passage migrant (av.8/year). Recorded every month, chiefly May 1955 at Kennett GP, now around 30 pairs. Highest count 100+ (cambridge SF 1930s, Graflram and July-Sept. Possibly the same individual overwintered in 1995/96 and 1996/97 (Ouse Vutt.Vj. Water Sept 1976). Highest covnt26 (Cambridge SF spring 1930). Birds resembling Russian/Sibeian tundrae noted annually, mostly in late May. Little Stint Calidris minuta Killdeer Charadrius vociferus 2(2) Uncommon passage migrant, mainly autumn (peaking Sept-oct). Recorded every month and Very rare vagrant from NorthAmerica: Little Paxton GP 7th-8th Mar 1959 and Bainton GP 6th- overwintered in 1973174 and 1976 (Graflram water). Highest count 106 (Grafham Water Sep 27thMar 1976. 1996).

Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 9(10) Temminck's Stint Calidris temminchii c.95(l12) very rare passage migrant, first recorded in 1943 (cambridge sF) and most recently in 1968 Scarce, almost annual passage migrarft (av.2lyear), chiefly May and Aug-Sept., usually singly, (Graftam water). Most$ Apr and Aug, with 2 together (cambridge sF Apr 1950). ceased to but up to 5 together (cambridge sF Aug 1954). Earliest 4.5.86 and latest 1.10.93. breed regularly in Britain after 1955. Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla l(l) Dotterel (Eurasian Dotterel) Charadrius morinellus very rare vagrant from North America: juvenile at Graflram water lgth sept 19g3. uncommon passage migrant, mostlyApr-May, but rare in autumn. Recorded in winter in Dec 196l (Fulboum) and 1999 (Block Fen/Mepal), otherwise earliest 14.4.81/98 {an and latest White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis 1(1) 30.10.92. Largest trip 60 (Littleport May 1957). very rare vagrant from North America: lst-winter near wisbech SF 3lst oct 1964.

I4 l5 Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii 2Q) (Bottisham). Two 20th century records: Cambridge SF Oct 1937 andAug 1955. Very rare vagrant from North America: adult near Wisbech SF 29th July 1963 and adult at Barleycraft GP 8th-l2thAug 1990 *. Woodcock () Scolopae rusticola Uncommon resident. Continental immigrants overwinter, largely replacing the local population Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotus c.38(40) (which tends to move south-west). Highest count 50 (Gamlingay area Dec l98l). Apparent Rare vagrant from North America/Siberia, first noted May/June 1948 (Cambridge SF). Most increase in breeding population since 1940s. recorded Aug-Sept with very few in the spring. Mainly singles but 2 together twice. Earliest 24.5.56 and latest 9.11.86. Black-tailed Godlit Limosa limosa Uncommon migratory breeder (nominate limosa) from 1952 onwards on main washes (up to 64 pain in mid 1970s and now around 30 pairs, the core the British population). Fairly Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferntginea of Scarce annual passag€ migrant (av.8/year), mainly autumn (occasional influxes, chiefly Aug- cornmon passage migrant (mainly islandica inFeb-Apr) with highest count 2068 (Ouse Washes Sept). Highest count 99 (Ouse Washes Sept 1998). Earliest 27 .4.7 5 and latest 18. I I .90. spring 1995). Recorded in all months but much scarcer in autumn/winter. Freviously bred in ancient fenland up to the mid l9th century. Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima ll(12) Rare passage migrant, first noted Nov 1930 (). All Aug-Nov, mostly at Grafham Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Water. Two together Aug 1982 (North Bank GP). Uncommon passage migrant, chiefly lateApr-mid May. Recorded every month but unusual in srunmer or winter. Largest party 140 (over Hilton Apr 1982). Dunlin Calidris alpina Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 1556 (Ouse Washes Mar 1987). Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Both northern/eastem alpina and southem/westem schinzii have been recorded. Uncommon passage migrant, chieflyApr-May and July-Aug. Largest party 40 (Littleport July 1970). Awinter record in Jan 1996 (Ouse Washes), otherwise earliest 14.3.95 and latest 14.10.94. Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus l(l) Very rare vagrant from north Eurasia: Thorpe Meadows lTth and 20th May 1986. Curlew (Eurasian Curlew) Numenius arquata Uncommon passage migrant. Reccirded every month, chiefly Mar-May and June-Sept. Largest Stilt Sandpiper Miuopalama himantopus l(l) party 95 (Over Fen July 1984). Very rare vagrant from North America: adult near Wisbech SF on several occasions during July-Aug 1963. Upland Sandpiper Bartratnia longicauda l(l) Very rare vagrant from North America: shot near Cambridge l2th Dec I 854. Buff-breasted Sandpiper Trygnites subruficollis 6(7) Very rare vagrant from North America/Siberia. First recorded 1826 (Melbourn), which was Spotted Redshank Tringa erythrcpus also the first for Britain. Noted Sept-Oct with two together (Graflram Water Sept 1975). Uncommon passage migrant. Recorded every month, chiefly April and June-Oct. Highest count 35 (Ouse Washes Sept 1968). Rlff Philomachus pugnca Fairly common passage migrant. Overwinters chiefly on the main washes where highest count Redshank (Common Redshank) Tringa totanus , 500+ (Ouse Washes roost Jan 1989). Small numbers bred irregularly on the main washes during Fairly common but very local breeder (currently 450-500 pairs, chiefly on the main washes). the period 1962:1991. Previously bred commonly in ancient fenland until mid l9th century. Fairly common passage migrant and winter visitor; highest count 536 (Ouse Washes May 1977). Birds showing characters of Icelandic robusta noted Aug 1990 (Graftam Water). Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 15 (Grafham Water Nov 1976). Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 6(6) Earliest 19.8.61 and latest 29.5.53. Very rare vagrant from Eurasia, first recordedAug 1975 (Borough Fen Decoy). All notedApr- Aug. Snipe () Gallinago gallinago Fairly common but very local breeder (loss of suitable wetlands has virtually restricted the Greenshank (Common Greenshank) Tringa nebularia breeding population to the main washes which currently hold around 225-250 pairs). Common Uncommon passage migrant. Recorded every month (with peaks in Apr-May and Aug-Sept) but rare in winter. Highest count 3 I (Grafham Water Aug 1997). passage migrant and winter visitor, highest count 5000 (Ouse Washes Dec I 97 I ). The previously abundant breeding population in ancient fenland was greatly reduced by drainage in 1 9th century. Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca l(l) Great Snipe Gallinago media 8(8) Very rare vagrant from North America: lst-summer at Ouse Washes 24thMay 1992. Very rare vagrant from northeast Europe/northwest Asia; all Aug-Oct. First recorded 1839

r6 t7 Lesser Yellowlegs T?inga flavipes 6(6) very rare vagftrnt from North America, the first an unusually long-stayer from Mar 1934-Sept 1935 (Cambridge SF/Burwell Fen). Others in May, July, Sept and Oct.

Green Sandpiper Tringa ochroptn uncommon passage migrant (peaking June-Sept) and winter visitor. Highest count 40 (Cambridge SF Aug 1954).

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola uncommon passage migrant (peaking July-Sept). Excepional count 77 (ouse washes sept 1968). Earliest 14.4.74 and latest 27.10.91.

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucus Uncommon passage migrant (peaking July-Aug). Occasionally overwinters. Highest count 70 (Cambridge SF Aug 1954).

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia 2(2) Very rare vagrant from North America. One near Wisbech SF, occasionally during 9th Nov- l2th Dec 1970; juvenile at Fen Drayton GP 7th Oct 1993, then l5th Nov 1993-lst Mav 1994.

Tfrrnstone (Ruddy Tumstone) Arenaria interpres uncommon passage migrant. Recorded every month (peaking May and July-Aug). Highest count 25 (Duxford, Mar 1978).

Black-throated Thrush, Peterborough, Jan 1996. R. Chittenden Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 4-5(4-5) very rare vagrant from North America: ouse washes 30th May-4th Aug 1977 , a juvenile at Nene washes 27+h-28thAug 1979, Graftram water 7th-lOth oct 1984, ouse washes 29th oct- l4th Nov 1984 (possibly same as Graftram water bird) and Ely BF 16th-25th sept 1991.

Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus c.30(30) Rare passage migrant, nearly all in the autumn (exceptions May and early June). Earliest 23.5.89 and latest 17.10.78.

Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius c.37(5 I -56) Rare passage migrant/storrn-driven, all SeP-Dec except for one spring record (Peterborough SF May 1948). Singles, apart from an exceptional inland party of 15-20 (Grafham water oct 1987).

Pomarine Skaa Stercormius pomarinus 10(18) very rare passage migrant, sometimes storm-driven. Recorded Apr and oct-Dec. Largest party 5 (Graftam Water Oct 1987).

Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus c.67 (142) Scarce, almost annual passage migrant, sometimes storm-driven. Recorded Mar-Dec. with the majority Aug-Oct. Largest party 9 (over Carnbridge Aug 1962).

Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudis 3(3) very rare passage migranvstorrn-driven: adult at wintringham 2oth oct lg4g, immature at Thorpe lst Nov 1889 and an adult at Ely BF 25th May 1991.

l8 Sabine's Gull, Graflram Water, Oct 1987 . D. Frost Marsh Warbler, Wicken Fen, Purple Sandpiper, Grafham Water, June 1995. A. Tate Sept 1996. J. Milne

Long-eared Owl, Woodwalton Fen, Apr 1986. D. Garner

Little Ringed Plovers, Fen Drayton GP, Pallas's Warbler (dead), Peterborough, May 1998. D. Garner Oct 1998. R. Seamoits

Glaucous Gull, Graflram Water, Little and Common Terns, Grafham Water, Waxwings, Cambridge, Mar 1996. R. Frost Feb 1982. D. Garner Sept 1998. R. Patient Baird's Sandpiper, Barleycraft GP, Cattle Egrets, Ouse Washes, Aug 1990. J. Pqrslow May 1992. S. Elsom

Ring-necked Duck, Bainton GP, Shag, St. Ives GP Mav 1996. A. Tate May 1988. D. Frost

Grey Phalarope, Graflram Water, Red-necked Phalarope, Graflram Water, Oct 1987 . D. Frost Sept 1995. R. Porter

Snow Bunting, Grafham Water, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Grafham Water, Jan 1989. D. Frost Sept 1975. D. Garner

Rose-coloured Starling, Wyton airfield, July 1995. R. Frost

ii li

!'

Rustic Bunting, Fowlmere Reserve, Red-necked Grebe at breeding site, Pallas's Sandgrouse (skin), obtained Cambridge Red-footed Falcon, Barleycraft GP, F'cb 1994. A. Tate June 1988. D. Frost June 1863 . R. Allison Sept 1996. D. Garner Sociable Plover. Ouse Washes. Spotted Sandpiper, Fen Drayton GP, Oct 1990. R. Chittenden Nov 1993. R. Chittenden

Leach's Petrel, Graflram Water, Sept 1983 . R, Porter

Pectoral Sandpiper, Graflram Water, Spotted Crake, Fowlmere Reserve, Squacco Heron, Ely BF, July 1997. A. Tate Brent Geese, Grafham Water, Mar 1980. R. Porter Sept 1990. D. Frost Aus 1992. A. Tate Great Skua Catharacta skua c.27(46\ Rare passage migrant, sometimes storm-driven. Recorded mainly Sept-Nov but also Feb, May and June. Largest party 7 (over Mepal Nov 1991).

Mediterranean Gall Larus melanocephalus Scarce, recently annual, passage migrant and winter visitor; noted every month. First recorded Dec 1974 (Ouse Washes) with a marked increase in the 1990s (e.g. 25+ records in 1999). Bred unsuccessfully in 1998 (Ouse Valley).

Little Gull Larus minutus Uncommon passage migrant (chiefly Apr and Aug-Sept); scaf,ce in winter. Largest count 113 (OuseWashesAprl98T). Bredunsuccessfullyinl9T5(OuseWashes),thefirstbreedingattempt in the British Isles.

Razorbill, St. Ives GP, Little Auk and Coot, Waterbeach GP Sabine's Grtll Larus sabini c.8(15\ Feb 1983. R. Frost Feb 1983. B. Martin Very rare vagrant from the high Arctic, first recorded around 1 839 (Quy). Apart from one at Dogsthorpe Tip in Sept 1998, all other records were due to the hurricane of Oct 1987, when highest count 7-8 (Grafham Water).

Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus Fairly common but very local colonial breeder (recently up to 8 colonies totalling 500-550 pairs). Abundant passage migrant and winter visitor with largest roost count 100,000 (Ouse Washes Feb 1975). Previously the breeding population in ancient fenland was almost

exterminated in mid- 1 9th century by drainage/persecution.

Ring-billed Gtll Larus delawarernis l(l) Very rare vagrant from North America: adult at Graflram Water 23rd Sept-29th Oct 1991.

Comrnon Gull (Mew Glll) Larus canus Very common passage migrant and winter visitor; scarce in summer. Largest roost count 19,000 (Grafham Water Feb 1972). Manx Shearwater, Graflram Water, Canvasback and Pochard, Fen Drayton GP, Sept 1983 . R. Porter June 1992. J. Parslow Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Very common passage migrant and increased summer/winter visitor. Largest roost count 5200 (Graftram Water Sept l99l). West European graellsii: commonest form; first bred 1996 (Godmanchester GP) with 3 pairs nesting by 1999. South-west Scandinavian intermedius: fairly common, mainly passage migrant. Baltic fuscus: deleted from the county list following a review of records.

Herring Gtrll Larus atgentatus Very common passage migrant and winter visitor. Largest roost 2500 (Grafham Water Nov l 98 l). Brilish argenteus: commonest form, recorded every month. Scandinavian atgentatusi fairly common Sept-Apr. Westem Yellow-legged Gull michahellrs: uncommon, peaking June-Nov. First noted 1987. Casoian cachinnans: uncommon. mostlv winter. First noted 1997.

Surf Scoter and Common Scoters, Marsh Lane GP, Lesser Scaups, St. Ives GP, June 1983. R. Frost Mar 1999. I. Leach T9 Iceland Gtull Larus glaucoides c.28(29) Noted in May, July and Sept-Oct. Earliest 2.5.97 and Rare winter visitor and passage migrant (but annual since 1994); first recorded Jan 1959 latest 17.10.88. (Cambridge). TWo together (Ouse Washes Jan 1998). Earliest 21.11.98 and latest 29.4.99. Kumlien's Gu,ll kumlienir Jan 1998 (Ouse Washes) and Feb 1998 (Milton Tip). Black Tern Chlidonios niger Fairly common passage migrant, highest count 440 Glaucous GuIl Larus hyperboreus c.81(88) (Graflram Water Sept 1992). Earliest 9.4"52156 and latest Scarce, alrnost annual winter visitor and passage migrant. Highest count 4 (Earith Feb 1942). 4.11.94. Bred on the Ouse Washes in 1966, 1969 and 16.10.76 and latest Earliest 24.5.59. 197 5. Previously bred at Whittlesey Mere until the mid 19th century. Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Fairly common winter visitor and passage migrant. Recorded every month but scarce in summer. White-winged Black Tern (White-winged Tern) Largest roost 60GF (Graftam Water Jan 1999). Chlidonias leucopterus 13(15-16) Very rare vagrant from eastern Europe/Asia. A11 May- Kittiwake (Black-legged Kittiwake) Rissa tridactyla June and Aug-Oct with earliest 29.5.81193 and latest IJncommon passage migrant, also storm-driven. Recorded every month, chiefly Feb-Apr. 1.10.84. Generally singly but 2 (perhaps 3) along the Largest pafty 200 (Milton/Waterbeach Apr 1969) and an exceptional one day count of 861 Ouse Washes Aug-Sept 1968. Black Terns flying south-west (Ouse Washes 22ndFeb 1999). Guillemot (Common Guillemot) Uria aalge 18+(23) Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea l(l) Rare storm-driven visitor, all Feb-Mar and July-Nov. Highest count 5 (Dog-in-a-Doublet Sluice Very rare vagrant from the highArctic: adult at Cambridge SF 27th Feb 1938, an exceptional Feb-Mar 1983), an exceptional wreck (which included a further 10-15 dead birds along the inland record. River Nene from neighbouring counties).

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia 6(6) Razorbill Alca torda 7(8) (Haddon, Very rare vagrant from Eurasia, first recorded July 1972 rernains ofa Finnish-ringed Very rare storm-driven visitor, the majority in Feb (others in Jan and OcQ. First noted 1835 bird in a fox earth). All records June-Sept. (New Wimpole). Two together (Guyhim/Dog-in-a-Doublet Sluice Feb 1983).

Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis Little Auk Alle alle c.72(73) (av.6/year); Scarce annual passage migrant peakingApr-May andAugust-Sept. Earliest26.3.96 Rare storrn-driven visitor, many dead/dying. All Oct-Feb, chiefly Nov and Feb. Two together and latest 30.10.94. Largest parties in Septernber e.g. 50-100 (Milton 1983). (RamseyNov 1870). "Iern Roseate Sterna dougallii 5(5) Puffin (Atlantic Puffin) Fratercula arctica c.35(38) passage Very rare migrant Stibbington 9th July 1963, Graftam Water 6th-8th July 1976 and Rare storm-driven visitor, most dead/dying. All SeptApr, chiefly Nov and Feb. Two together 26th July 1977, Ouse Washes I lth May 1981 and North Bank 23rd Aug 198{. on tbree occasions.

Common Tern Sterna hirundo Pallas's Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxr.ls c.11(155) all in l9th century. (recently pairs, Uncommon colonial migratory breeder 70-80 mostly in Ouse Valley). First Former imrptive vagrant from central Asia (when hard snow crusts covered feeding areas). (Orton passage bred 1954 BP). Fairly common migrant, highest count 15GF (Graftam Water RecordedApr-July, 1863 and 1888. Largest party 40 (Cottenham June-July 1863). Apr 1988). Earliest 20.3.97 and latest 31.10.90; exceptionally 6.12.53 (also 4.12.82,5.12.94). Rock DovelFeral Pigeon (Rock Pigeon) Columba livia paradisaea Arctic Tern Sterna Greatly increased resident, now common in rural as well as urban areas. Recently culled in (Graftram Uncommon passage migrant mainly in the spring, with highest cowt 220 Water Peterborough area. Highest reported count 170 (Hilton Nov 1999). May 1977). Earliest 1.4.89 and latest29.l0.49. Stock Dove (Stock Pigeon) Columba oenas Little Tern Sterna albifrons Common resident and winter visitor. Largest count 2000 (flock at BuckdenApr 1950 and roost passage (av.6/year), peak Scarce annual migrant recorded fromApr-Oct with a in May. Largest at Little Paxton GP 1997). Population has declined since the 1950s because ofpesticides, loss party 10 (Grafham Water Aug 1983). Earliest 19.4.52 and latest 3.10.67 . of trees and intensive agriculture.

Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus 6(6) Woodpigeon (Common Wood Pigeon) Columba palumbus (Graftam Very rare vagrant from southern Europe/Asia. First recorded May 1977 Water). Abundant resident and winter visitor. Very high breeding capacity has easily compensated for

20 2l losses from pesticides, severe winters and persecution. Roosting flight of 15,000 (Glatton Dec (Nene Washes Dec 1999). An irregular breeder, last confirmed 1992 (Mepal and Witcham). 1977). Previously a widespread/regular breeder in ancient fenland (with isolated pockets remaining until 1930s e.g. Wicken Fen). Collared Dove (Eurasian Collared Dove) Streptopelia decaocto Very comrnon resident, first recorded Nov 1960 (Cambridge) and first bred 1961 (Littleport). Nightjar (European Nightjar) Caprimulgus europaeus 19(19) since 1972. Largest flock 485 (Cambridge Oct 1997). Rare passage migrant, noted May-June and Sept (since 1972). Former local and uncommon migratory breeder but declined rapidly in 1 930s-40s due to the loss ofuncultivated land. Slight T[rrtle Dove (European Turtle Dove) Streptopelia turtur population resurgence in 1950s-60s with nesting lasf confirmed in 1972 (Easton). Earliest Common migratory breeder and passage migrant. Breeding population has declined since 1970s 14.5.44 and latest 5.10.51. (partlyduetoherbicidesreducingfoodsources).Largestflock450(BalshamAug1956). Earliest 4.4.82185 and latest 16.11.57. Swift (Common Swift) Apus apus Very common passage migrant and migratory breeder (but some decline due to a lack of suitable Ring-necked Parakeet (Rose-ringed Parakeet) Psittacula krameri NIA breeding sites on modern buildings). Highest count 5000 (Graflram Water May 1976). Farliest Most, if not all, thought to be local escapees (although records peak in October suggesting 14.4.80 and latest 27.10.601' exceptionally 12.12.94. some could be due to post-breeding dispersal). Highest count 4 (Wicken Fen Nov 1997). Alpine Swift Apus melba 8(8) Cuckoo (Common Cuckoo) Cuculus canorTts Very rare vagrant from Eurasia, first recorded Sept 1838 (near Cambridge). All recorded March, Fairly common but declined passage migrant and migratory breeder (with local concentrations May-Sept. at wetland habitats, where the Reed Warbler is the main host). Highest count 50 (Woodwalton Fen Jtrne 1974). Earliest 8.3.89 and latest 4.11.74. Kingfisher (Common Kingfisher) Alcedo atthis Fairly common but local resident. Marked population fluctuations due to severe winters e.g. Barn Owl Tyto albo virtually exterminated by 1962163 winter with full recovery in many areas delayed until 1969. Uncommon, much declined resident, largely confined to fenland. Common in 19th century but reductions from Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops superciliosus l(l) early 20th century onwards (initially due to persecutiorV Very rare vagrant from AsiaA{orth Africa: one at Peterborough l Tth Sept 1 982 was the first for severe winters and, more recently, to agricultural changel mainland Britain. pesticides). Dark-breasted guttata recorded Jan-Feb 1998 and Feb Beeeater (European Bee-eater) Merops apiaster 2(2) *. 1999 (Nene Washes). Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Earith l9th Aug 1976 ** and St.Neots 21st Aug 1989

Little Owl Athene noctua Roller (European Roller) Coracias garrulus 2Q) Presumed vagrant from the Continent (Cambridge area Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Oakington Oct 1835 and Burwell June 1884. Mar 1867). Introductions noted from 1898 onwards, the Barn Owl population peaking in 1920s followed by a raptd decline Hoopoe Upupa epops c.66(66) (due to persecution, severe winters and agricultural change). Now a fairly common but thinly Scarce, almost annual visitor from Eurasia. Probably bred 1978 (RAF Wittering). Two January distributed resident. records (Ramsey 1978 and Turves/Benwick 1996) otherwise earliest 4.4.94 and latest Nov 1 898. Strix aluco Fairly common resident. Declined in l9th century due to persecution but recovered in 20th Wryneck (Eurasian Wryneck) Jynx torquilla c.64(66) since 1950. century (although a more recent decline apparent in some areas). Rare, rather irregular passage migrant, mainly in the autumn. Two together (Cambridge Apr 1968 and Whittlesey Sept 1970). A former common migratory breeder before a decline from Long-eared Owl Asio otus mid-l9th century onwards. Rare by 1940 and last nested 1950 (Hemingford Park). Earliest Uncommon and very local resident. Recently declined to around 8-12 pairs, partly due to 2.3.23 arrd latest 4.10.76. hibitat change (e.g. 14 pairs bred at Woodwalton Fen in 1986 but none confirmed 1999). Winter visitor and passage migrant with influxes in some years e.g. 1975/76, when maximum roost Green Woodpecker Picus viridis count l0 (Coveney Jan1976). Fairly common resident. Currently high population levels due to mild winters (often becomes the rarest woodpecker species after severe winters). Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant (influxes in some years). Highest count 32

22 23 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrobopos major T) ee Pipit Ant hu s t r iv i a I is Fairly common, increased resident. In many axeas breeding density is the highest of all Scarce annual passage migrant (av.4/year). Earliest 1.4.89 and latest 3.11.52. Former local woodpecker species. migratory breeder (at up to 1 0 sites in the west ofthe county as recently as the early I 980s); last confirmed 1989 (Bedford Purlieus). Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor Uncommon resident. Population high during the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease. Now very Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis local after a marked recent decline. Common, somewhat local, breeding species with reductions from 1930s onwards largely due to the loss of uncultivated land/grassland. Passage migrant but fewer in winter. Largest flock Short-toed Lark (Greater Short-toed Lark) Calandrella braclrydactyla l(l) 300 (St.Ives GP Sept 1965). Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: caught near Cambridge Nov 1882. Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus l(l) (Wood Lark) Lullula arborea 9(9) since 1957. Woodlark Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Northey Fen 26th May 1991. Rare passage migrant; noted Feb-Apr and Aug since 1957. Former scarce migratory breeder at Chippenham Fen and Kennett Heath; last nested 1957 (Kennett Heath). Rock Pipit lnthus petrosus Scarce annual passage migrant and occasional winter visitor (av.6/year). Earliest 25.9.88 and Skylark (Sky Lark) Alauda arvensis latest I1.5.68. Probably most belong to the migratory Scandinavian littoralis; British/westem Common but much declined resident (now virhrally absent from many intensively farmed areas). Ettropean petroszs id'entified Apr 1996 (Ouse Washes). Highest count 5 (Grafham Water Oct Very common passage migranVwinter visitor with huge influxes during severe winters. Largest 1976, Ouse Washes Oct 1993). Before 1968 the Rock Pipit was considered conspecific with count 1200 (Swavesey/Fen Drayton Feb 1991). the Water Pipit. Shore Lark (Homed Lark) Eremophila alpestris 6(10) Water Pipit lnthus spinoletta Very rare passage migrant/winter visitor, recorded Nov-Feb. First noted, and largest party, 5 in Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 21 (Nene Washes Mar 1994). Nov 1969 (Graflram Water). Earliest 16.10.93 and latest 3.5.99. Sand Martin Riparia riparia Yellow Wagtai I Motacilln ava Fairly common but declined passage migrant and migratory breeder (recently up to 1000 pairs). fl Yellow Waglailflavissima: fair$ common passage migrant and migratory breeder (but some Rapid population growth in 1940s-60s (because of new gravel workings) followed by declines (including probable in1968169and1983/84(duetodroughtinwinterquarters). Formermassautunnroostse.g.up decline). Largest roost 500 (St.Ives GP Sept 1975). Recorded in winter overwintering, Dec 1982 and Jan-Feb 1983, Peterborough) otherwise earliest 16.3.92 and latest to 2,000,000 (Ouse Washes Aug 1968). Earliest27.2.94 and latest 17.11.68. 4.12.94. Swallow (Bam Swallow) Hirundo rustica Blue-headed Wagtallflava: scarce passage migrant, mainly in the spring. Has bred, sometimes Common migratory breeder and passage migrant (decline first noted in early 20th century paied withflavissima. accelerated in 1980s-90s, probably because ofthe demise of livestock farming, and drought in Grey-headed Wagtail thunbergi: Kimbolton 1890, Cambridge SF Sep 1955, Ferry Meadows winter quarters). Largest roost 12,000 (Ely BF Sept 1984). Earliest 7.3.83 and latest 3.12.53. May 1981 and Fowlmere May 1999. Spanish Wagtail iberiae: Ouse Washes June 1978 and Chrishall Grange May 1996. Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica 2(2) Ashy-headed Wagtail cinereocapilla: Fen Drayton GP/Godmanchesier GP Apr 1999. Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Borough Fen Decoy 24th Apr 7977 * and Ouse Washes 16th (Sykes's Wagtail beema: all records are likely to refer to hybrids.) May 1984 *. Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea House Martin Delichon urbica Uncommon and very local resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Earliest breeding record Common passage migrant and migratory breeder (but fairly recent decline, most noticeable in was in l9th cenhry (Otrord) with the next in 1934 (Hildersham). More recently the incidence 1990s). Highest count 3000 (Grafham Water Sept 1976). Earliest 6.3.97 and latest 17.12.77. of breeding has increased, with up to 20 pairs in 1990s. Highest count 8 (Grafham Water Sept 1975). Richard's Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae ll(ll) Very rare vagrant from Siberia, first noted Nov 1952 (Wilburton). Mostly recorded on the main White/Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba washes; all Sep-Nov. PiedWaglail yarrellii: common resident and passage migrant. Largest roost 600 (Cambridge Jan 1999). Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris 2(2) White Wagtail alba: uncommon passage migrant, mainly spnng. Early (undated) breeding Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Grantchester 7th Sept 1962 and Kennett GP llth-l2th June claim. Highest count 20 (Barleycraft GP Apr 1993). 1972.

24 25, Waxwing (Bohemian Waxwing) Bombycilla garntlus Whinchat Saxicola rubetra Scarce,almostannualimrptivewintervisitor. Largestparty126(CarnbridgeMar1996).Earliest Uncommon passage migrant, highest count 21 (Nene Washes Sept 1995). Earliest 5.3.94 and 4.10.65 and latest 5.5.79. latest 5.12.76. Previously a fairly common migratory breeder but, for reasons unknown, the remaining river valley and fenland population rapidly declined in the 1960s. Occasionally Dipper (White-throated Dipper) Cinclus cinclus l(l) nested in the 1970s and last bred in l98l @eterborough area). Very rare visitor: SnailwelVFordham, winter 1949/50 (race not determined). Stonechat Saxicola torquata Wren (Winter Wren) Troglo$ttes troglo$ttes Uncommon passage migrant/winter visitor (has occasionally summered since 1930's e.g. 1952, Abundant resident. Suffers high mortality during prolonged cold spells. Largest roost 70 otherwise all SeprMay). Highest count 9 (Graflram Water Dec 1976). Previously a fairly (Wicken Fen, Feb 1947). common resident before the population declined towards the end of 19th century (largely due to the loss of uncultivated land). Probably last bred in 1930s (e.g. Wicken Fen area). Dunnock (Hedge Accentor) Prunella modularis Siberian maura/stejnegeri: Ouse Washes Nov 1974 and Nov 1979. Abundant and widespread resident; some evidence ofpassage migrants: Wheatear (Northem Wheatear) Oenanthe oenanthe Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris 2(4) Fairly common passage migrant, highest count 55 (Wyton airfield Mar 1992). Recorded Very rare vagrant from southem Europe: Cambridge, 2 together (female shot) 22nd Nov 1822 exceptionally on 5.1.78, 11.1.57 and 15.2.98, otherwise earliest 7.3.77/89 and latest 24.11.57. and another pair in Cambridge on 30th Apr 193 1 . Bred irregularly in 20th century, last confirmed in 1978 (Tanholt GP). Previously, it may have been a regular but very local breeder in the 19th century. Robin (European Robin) Erithacus rubecula Greenland leucorhoa regular in late spring/autumn. Abundant resident and autumn passage migrant (occasional large falls e.g. Peterborough area n Oct 1977, which probably involved the Continental rubecula). Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus Scarce annual passage migrant (av.1/year), mainly in the spring. Largestparty 6 (Ouse Washes Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia l(l) Oct l97l). Earliest 12.3.95 and,latest 20.11.94. Very rare vagrant from Europe/Siberia: Ouse Washes 2nd-3rd June 1984. Blackbird (Common Blackbird) Turdus merula Nightingale (Common Nightingale) Luscinia megarhynchos Abundant resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Highest count 400-500 ( Uncommon migratory breeder (recently 73-l17 singing males), the majority in the south-west Oct 1960). ofthe county. The breeding population fluctuates e.g. highs in the 1960s and 1980s. Earliest 4.4.99 andIatest2.9.9l. Previously a common breeding species but population much reduced Black-throated Thrush (Dark-throated Thrush) Turdus ruficollis l(l) after the 1920s. Very rare vagrant from central Asia: male Black-throated atrogularis at Werrington (Peterborough) 29th Jan-17 th Mar I 996. Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 8(8). Very rare passage migrant, first recorded Attg 1947 (Cambridge SF). Noted Mar-May and Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Aug-Novwithearliest30.3.80andlatest6.ll.88. Whenracesidentified:2eachofScandinavian Abundant passage migrant and winter visitor. Largest roost count 10,000 (Holywell winter (Red-spotted) svecica and Continental (White-spotted) qtanecula recorded. l970l7l). Recorded in every month (including mid-summer records on 26.6.76, 1.7.69 and r7.7.72). Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Scarce annual passage migrant (av.6lyear); recorded Song Thrush Turdus philomelos every month (chiefly Apr-May and Oct-Nov). Irregular Common resident but a marked decline during 1970s-80s (particularly on farmland); some migratory breeder, first confirmed during 1937 -43 evidence of a recovery in the late 1990s. Passage migrants and winter visitors of Continental (Cambridge) with scattered records in the 1950s-90s. origin.

Redstart (Common Redsta$ Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redwing Turdus iliacus Scarce annual passage migrant (av.12lyear), with earliest Abundant passage migrant and winter visitor (fewer in recent years). Badly affected by severe 25.3.95 and latest 2.11.90. Previously a very common colde.g. 1962/63 winter. Highestcount5000+(BoroughFenDecoyOct 1974). Earliest1.9.79 migratory breeder in l9th century but local by the and latest 4.6.75. beginning of 20th century. Breeding continued until the 1980s (mainly in the Huntingdon and Peterborough area) Misfle Thrush Turdus viscivorus and was last confirmed in 1987 (Castor Hanglands). Black Redstart Common resident and partial migrant. Largest flock 75 (Milton Park, Sept 1993).

26 27 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cettia c.73Q'I/A) Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata l(l) Scarce, almost annual visitor, fust recorded Nov 1977 (Fowlmere). Briefly resident in 1980s Very rare visitor: Gr.oat Abington, obtained Dec 1870. when breeding of 3-4 pairs was confirmed from 1980-84 (Wicken Fen). Breeding ceased after the severe winter of 1984/85. Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria 3(3) Very rare visitor from Eurasia: Camb'ridge shot 1839 (the first British record), (Fulboum) Grasshopper Warbler (Common Grasshopper Warbler) Locustella naevia 1st-winter trapped llth Oct 1970 and Wicken Fen lst-winter trapped22nd Sept 1979. Uncommon migratory breeder and passage migrant. In addition to local fluctuations the population has declined Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca markedly since peaking in the 1960s; currently around Fairly common migratory breeder and passage migrant with a preference for mature scrub/ 40 singing males. Earliest 30.3.89 and latest 29.9.13. overgrown hedges. Overwintering individuals at Great Paxton Jan-Mar 1999 (nominate curntca) and Bainton Jan-Apr 1991 (resembling Siberian blythi), otherwise earliest 31.3.87 and latest River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis 2(2) 8.11.56. Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Wicken Fen, 10th-1lth June 1992 and 7th-1Oth July 1995. Whitethroat (Common WhitethroaQ Sylvia communis Very common migratory breeder and passage migrant with population crashes in1968169,19831 Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides 34andl990l9lduetodroughtinwinterquarters. Verylate/overwinteringbirds(Upton29.ll.82 15(15) in 20th century. and Orton Waterville 14 .12 .90); otherwise earliest 29 .3 .98 and latest 28 .10 .47 . Rare summer visitor in 20th century; first noted 1954 (Wicken Fen). Highest count 3 (Ouse Washes July 1979). GrasShopper Warbler Garden Warbler Sylvia borin Earliest 12.4.80 and latest 10.8.79. Previously bred in Common migratory breeder and passage migrant. Earliest 28.3.99 and latest 18.10.70. ancient fenland up to the mid 19th century and thought to have bred in 1980 (Wicken Fen). Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon l(5) Very common migratory breeder and passage migrant. Population has increased steadily since Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: a pair feeding young adjacent to Cambridge SF 3rd-20thAug the 1950s. Recorded in every month, with birds of central European origin overwintering. ,

1 946. The first record for Britain and the only British breeding record. Pallas's Warbler (Pallas's Leaf Warbler) Phylloscopus proregulus l(l) Aquatic Warbler Auocephalus paludicola 2(2) Very rare vagrant from Siberia: Peterborough, found dead on 8th Oct 1998. VeryrarevisitorfromEurasia: Peterborough SF 28thAug 1954 andCambridge SF lstAug 1955. Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus 2(2) Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Very rare vagrunt from Siberia: Comberton 8th-9th Oct 1988 and Gamlingay 4th Nov 1993. Very common migratory breeder and passage migrant. Earliest 27.3.89 and latest 28.10.79. Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Marsh Warbl er Acrocephalus palustris c.23(41) Scarce annual passage migrant (av.2-3lyear). Former very localAnd irregular migratory Rare and irregular migratory breeder and passage migrant. Breeding last confirmed I 9 84 (Ortor/ breeder, nesting last confirmed 1982 (Bedford Purlieus/Holme Fen). Earliest7.4.69 and latest Woodston)withhighestcountl0(HauxtonGPcolony1956). Earliest17.5.74andlatest9.8.91. 25.9.91.

Reed Warbler (Eurasian Reed Warbler) Acrocephalus scirpaceus Chiffchaff (Common Chiffchaff) Phylloscopus collybita Very common migratory breeder and passage migrant (with increases in 1950s-70s due to the Nominate col/ybifa: common migratory breeder and passage migrant (very restricted in fenland);, expansion of gravel workings). Earliest 9.4.87 and latest 8.11.86; exceptionally 7.12.87 (Ouse has overwintered annually since 1970s. Washes). Northem/eastem European abietinus: probably regular but only confirmed by happing in Dec 1986 (Godmanchester GP). Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus 3(3) Siberian tristis:7 records under review (all Nov-Feb); first noted Feb 1958 (Cambridge SF). Very rare vagrant from Ewasia: Wicken Fen 21th-22ndMay l97l and Ouse Washes 24thMay- l8th June 1981 and 7th-9th July 1982. Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Abundant migratory breeder and passage migrant (absent only in some fenland areas). Wintered Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina 5(5) Jan-Apr 1979 (St.Ives), otherwise earliest 12.3.57 and latest 19.10.76. Very rare visitor from Eurasia: Borough Fen Decoy trapped July 1963, Wisbech 6thAug 1970, Wandlebury l6th June-16th July 1980, St.Neots 6th-30th June 1981 and Cambridge 26th June Goldcrest Regulus regulus 1999. Common and widespread passage migrant and winter visitor but local resident (has spread into

28 29 urban parks/gardens due to a preference for conifers). Highest count 200-300 (Woodwalton Tleecreeper (Eurasian Treecreeper) Certhia familiaris Fen Oct 1980). Fairly comrnon resident (except in fenland). Widespread mortality during periods of prolonged icing of trees e.g. winter 1978179. Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus Scarce annual passage migrant (av.4lyear); recorded every month (chiefly Mar-Apr). Presumed Penduline Tit (Eurasian Penduline Tit) Remiz pendulinus 2(3-6) to have bred in 1976 (Hamerton area) and 1982 (Cambridge). Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: Ely BF 2-5 on l3th Oct 1990 and lst-winter at Somersham GP 28th-29thOct 1995. Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata Fairly common migratory breeder and passage migrant, but catastrophic decline since 1960s. Golden Oriole (Eurasian Golden Oiole) Oriolus oriolus Highest count 30 (Graflram WaterAug l98l). Earliest 283.93 and latest 23.10.89. Passage migrant and scarce migratory breeder (annual since 1983 with up to 4 pairs in the 1990s). Earliest 3fth Apr 1899 and latest 5.9.95. Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Scarce annual passage migrant (av.4lyear); highest count 4 (Ouse Washes Sept 1961). Earliest Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 8(8) since 1980. 20.4.81andlatest24.10.50. Occasionallybred:1903(Peterborough),around1914(Diddington Rare passage migrant, all May-June and Aug-Oct since 1980. Former migratory breeder with Park) and 1972 @orough Fen Decoy). greatest losses in 1920s-50s (associated with European range contraction). Last nested 1980 (near Newmarket). Largest party 15 (Devil's Dyke Aug 1954). Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus Probable hybrid Isabelline Shrike Z.isabellinus x Red-backed Shrike (Marsh Lane GP 8th Oct Scarce resident since 1982 (Wicken Fen). Passage migranVwinter visitor but has declined 1978). since a peak in 1 970s/80s e.g. largest party 45 (Ely BF winter 1 973). Previously bred until the mid 19th century at Whittlesey and Ramsey Meres. Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor Scarce, almost annual passage migrant and winter visitor (greatly decreased since a peak in Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus I 970s). Occasionally 2 together. Earliest 21.9.63 and latest 23.5.87 . Common and widespread resident (although badly affected by severe winters, recovery is often rapid). Largest party 60+ (Cambridge SF Jan 1945, Ferry Meadows Dec 1993). Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator l(l) Very rare vagrant from Eurasia: obtained Swafiham Prior c.1840. Marsh Tit Parus palustris Fairly common but local resident; a noticeable decline in 1980s-90s. Jay (Eurasian Jay) Garrulus glandarius Fairly common resident. Found in most wooded areas, including fenland fringes. Occasional Willow Trt Parus montanus imrptive movements, often involving Continental glandarius, with largest party 200 @letton Uncommon, greatly decreased and very local resident. Previously some evidence ofan increase BP Oct 1983). in 1960s (e.g. Ouse Valley) followed by a catastrophic decline in 1980s-90s. Magpie (Black-billed Magpie) Pica pica CoalTit Parus ater Common resident. Spectacular decline during 1950s-70s, Fair$ comrnon but very local resident. Passage migrants (including Continental ater) regtiar particularly rn arable farming areas due to pesticides. in late SepVearly Oct. Population fully recovered by 1980s (except where heavily persecuted). Largest roost 200+ (Bluntisham early I 95 0s). Blue fit Parus caeruleus Abundant resident and widespread, even in fenland. Nutcracker (Spotted Nutcracker) Largest party 70+ (Fenstanton GP Dec 1995). Nucifraga caryocatactes 8(8) Very rare imrptive vagrant from Siberia, the first in Nov Great Tit Parus major 1859 (near Wisbech). A11 Sept-Nov with 3 during the Abundant resident but some reductions in farmland areas 1968 influx. When races identified, all belonged to Thin- due to loss of hedgerow elms to disease in 1970s. billed macrorhvnchus.

Nuthatch (Wood Nuthatch) Sitta europea Jackdaw (Eurasian Jackdaw) Corvus monedula Fairly common but rather local resident. Some decreases Very common resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. An increase in the first half of 20th in 1950s-70s (e.g. Huntingdon area) were more than century was followed by a decline due to pesticides and loss oftrees/grassland. Largest roost compensated by increases in 1980s (particularly in the 6000 (Milton Park 1982). Peterborough area). Blue Tit Eastern monedula:3-4 records in Jan, Feb and Dec 1999.

30 31 Rlook Corvus frugilegus Greenfinch (European Greenfinch) Carduelis chloris Abundant resident. passage migrant and winter visitor. Nest counts of around 33,000 in the Abundant resident (but agricultural change has resulted in a fafuly widespread shift from farmland 1940s compare with less than 10,000 in the 1980s, a reduction largely due to pesticides and the to suburbar/urban habitats). Passage migrant; some evidence of winter visitors. Largest count loss oftrees/grassland. Largest roost 15,000 (Madingley 1930s). 870 (Nene Washes Jan 1984).

Carrionlllooded Crow Corwn corone Goldlinch (European Goldfinch) Carduelis carduelis Carrion Crow c oronei commonresident, passage migrant and winter visitor (increased, especially Common resident, passage migrant and summer visitor. Highest count 900 (Ouse Washes Oct in urban areas). Largest gathering 300+ (Godmanchester GP Mar 1997). 1978). Previously almost exterrninated in some areas by trapping in 19th century but began to Hooded Crow cornix'. rare, greatly reduced, winter visitor/passage migrant. Highest count 15- recover in the early 20th century. 20 ( Mar 1926). Previously bred in the Peterborough fens in early l9th century. Siskin Carduelis sp inus Raven (Common Raven) Corws corax 2(2) since 19th century. Fairly common passage migrant and winter visitor. Occasional large influxes with highest Very rare visitor (British or Continental origin): Castor Hanglands l st May 1962 and Houghton count 300 (Woodwalton Fen winter l98l/82). Recorded every month and bred Abington 195 I 29th Mar 1997 (also presumed escapee Barrington 1988-94). Former resident, last bred 1828 (suspected escapees) and Castor Hanglands 1998. (near Teversham). Linnet (Common Linnet) Carduelis cannabina Starfing (Common Starling) Sturnus wlgaris Very common resident, partial migratory breeder and passage migrant (declined since 1970s Abundant resident, passage migranVwinter visitor (but in long term decline since 1960s, probably due to agricultural change). Highest count c.5000 (Lime Kiln Hill, Cambridge Dec 1971). due to the steady loss of grassland). Largest roost 'several millions' (Buckworth, winter 1977 I 78 which was dispersed by offrcials from the Ministry ofAgriculture). Twite Carduelis flavirostris Scarce annual winter visitor (much declined, av.4lyear). Highest count 300 (Ouse Washes Jan- Rose-coloured Starling (Rosy Starling) Sturnus roseus ll(ll) Apr 1976). Earliest 15.9.73 andlatest 4.5.73. Rare vagrant from eastern Europe andAsia, first recorded I 830 (Royston). Where dates recorded all Jan-Mar and June-Oct. Redpoll (Common Redpoll) Carduelis flammea Lesser Redpoll cabaret: uncommon resident (considerable fluctuations with population lows in House Sparrow Passer domesticus mid- l9th century, 1920s-40s and 1980s-90s). Fairly common passage migrant and winter visitor. Abundant resident but marked reductions since mid-1980s (probably due to a combination of Highest count 1500 (Holme Fen 1975). factors, particularly agricultural change). Largest roost 4000 (Milton Oct 1972). Mealy Redpoll flammea: scarce winter visitor. Occasional influxes with highest count 60+ (Woodwalton Fen Jan-Apr 1996). Thee Sparrow Passer montanus Uncommon resident and passage migrant. Considerable population fluctuations with high levels Arctic Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni 1(3) in 1850s-1920s and 1970s but low levels in 1930s-40s and 1980s-90s. Currently 40+ pairs Very rare vagrant from the high Arctic: Woodwalton Fen up to 3 from 25th Jan-8th Apr 1996. (chiefly Wisbech area and main washes). Highest count 4000 (Nene Washes Jan 1977). Crossbill (Common Crossbill) Loxia curvirostra Challinch Fringilla coelebs Scarce annual imrptive visitor; highest count 52 (Southey Wood Jan 1998). Breeding has Abundant resident (although pesticides and severe weather reduced population levels in 1960s occurred after influxes e.g. 1963 (Kimbolton and near Newmarket) and 1998 (Castor Hanglands). these have since recovered). Highest count 300 (three sites). Continental coelebs is an abundant passage migrant and winter visitor. Bullfinch (Common Bullfinch) Pynhula pynhula Common resident. Population increase (1960s) and decrease (1980s) mirrored the collppse, Brambling Fringilla montifringilla and subsequent recovery ofthe Sparrowhawk population (see under that species). Largest Fairly common passage migrant and winter visitor in fluctuating numbers (recently declined). flock 40 (Monks Wood Sept 1968). Occaqional autumn influxts probably involve European Highest count 'several thousands' (flying to roost at Kirtling Mn 1972). Earliest 30.8.50 and europea. latest 8.5.78. Scandinavian pynhula: rare autumn visitor.

Serin (European Serin) Serinus serinus 3(3) Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Very rare vagrant from the Continenl Cambridge 7th- l2th May and 5th-9th July 1 965 (presumed Scarce and very local resident (l-2 pairs in the Peterborough area). Occasional winter visitor. the same); Houghton May-June, sometime in the 1980s, and Morborne 24thMay 1991. Largest pafry 9 (Ferry Meadows Feb 1993). Previously more widespread before a marked decline during 1930s-50s.

32 33 _*. Inplrrd Butrilry G.aplrnd Longspur) CaI@iB lappoti

R[,di.B][tnry Enbqi2b rutiu l(1, ItdyAmhent'. rh6$ CrlreL,phs a"h^t E Vcry rrrr vagrant ftom Eumlio: Fowlnere 26th Jan-l0th MNr 1994. oDe r€cord: me al wiclctr Fm Nov 1995.

Rd Bt'JftbA E,nbqiza s.hoai.lu Altlorghrcomonr€sft1,ldardpalsagenignntin suitablehrbirar, sm€ decrs!€ hrs occunEd APPf,I\IDD( tr LirgEst floot 200 (Wickea Fe! Nov 1972). C{regory D speies (potential CaregoryA spei€s, r€€ Introdu.riotr io Syrt6hrtio Li!o.

Bfrcl-he.ilod Buntlrg tDrerir4 neluocephala l(l) Glnner F{trtugo phwicoptau ruber Ver nr€ vagrat ton loutheast Burop€/Aria (or $cap€e): Canbiidse l8t{umm€r ral€ 24th One rcord: ore arth€ Nene Wash€e @ t4th Jure tB8 (ofer r€cdds M.y 1993. id€ltifi€d biy Efer to thi! slecier).

C0traDl'IlJ,I€l,fliaia ela da FzlstltedDa.'l( Anos htcata LcallycotmmGi.hnt Th€populrtion,whichFot6blyp€s&.dhthe 1950s-60s, hu dslir€d Th,o r€cords: sinsl€ n&le6 nt Ous€ wash.s (shot or l4th Jm l9?t) md Buckd€. cp (tst Apr spectaculnly in sone arca!. It rEnairu fafiy comnoa however, ir the ft!! and south ofrhe 1988). coulty e.& hrB€st roo6t 800 (Fowln€r€ D€c 1980. Mt bltr,l Dvnl M@nah,tetta o.guistiru/'lt One r€cord: ore at cra$m Wsbr m l3th Jure 1976. AppENrIr( I The fotlowins Catlslry A and C sp€ci6 hsv€ b€etr rEcorded but dl record€ are coNiilercd !o Rdnf,/dr,dBaariry hnberin bmrryr rEft. ro €€ca!6/reler!€s tom oaptivity (s€€ Iiduclior to S$teDrtic Liso. Iho rEoor&: mal€s al C€Dbridse SF or l8thlv{ay 1972 aId Glllbrm Wd€r on 15thM!y 1976.

L€||er Wttt -fmrt d Goore ANer e4}rhtopus APpENDD( II one @mthe ou& wshd i! oct l96E '*rd: criegdy B sFcies (pt€nrial cd.gory c sp€cie!, see Inrrodrctiu to sFtemrric Ligr). Saol' G!d'E,1Nq c@rulqcqi swa Goort ANq Six r€cord! of 12 individud!. Firstrcldtld 1978. (A whiie Ddph 'srrorsly b'li€v.d to b€ of smtll r.6id!Dt popuLtion'78wi'b' wild odsin,, r€port dty stn)€d into rle csnbddgirhirc pan oi tle oure warnes mm*ime at Gmfrd w.tel Has hltridis.d with ctEylass. b'tw€en Dec l996M* 1997 ) B!.to,d,,nc,6.e aM iaditu Almoct @ual i! !o.ll numb(rs sime the nid 1980r, nosdy AF-S€pt Hltridised orc€ with Greybs Goos..

34 35 ^ PRINCIPAL BIRDWATCHING SITES Black Swan Cygnus atratus Regular throughout the 1990s with up to 4-5 individuals in 1990; bred in 1998 (Ely). L INCS Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Records of scattered individuals plus a small breeding population at Ely. Highest count 82 (Ely NORFOLK Jan 1996).

Wood Duckllr- sponsa Singles recorded on a number of occasions and pairs in May 1996 andApr 1997 @iver Ouse/ Little Paxton GP).

Chukar Alectoris chulmr Previously released and may have hybridised with Red-legged Partridge. No recent records.

t'. t woodwartonF. Ol"ro*t"*rs l/ #cAr{PE SUFFOLK

"-^^,_,_- ___+/ wicken F l, | r,oiar,r. w Brampton w "lt-1rfit? i''";J .Marer | | o I r \ GP lo | \^.\ l\azs-ce l--Fenstanton I Pk phone Klnbolton JL | / -'-\ .-l' I UK rare Birdnews sent to your mobile as Grafhan l{ater t. I 3l \ ! ,' | | rezo-ee \t Mirton r text messages plus email service l\ L.n ^ l-- I I Gheaper and more convenient than the pagers For order form & information pack please leave your name & address etc vta at email [email protected] or phone 01603 763388 ' / n'"n".." Hinton P Web site www.birdnews.co.uk includes map with recent UK rare bird sightings Operated by Robin Chittenden & Dave Holman 'Birdnelvs you can trust from a team you know'

Listen to the latest East ESSEX Anglian & UK rare bird news anytime, by dialling 09068 700 245 Please report your sightings to freephone Main Localities of OrnithologicaL lnterest: Key and Abbreviations

o city BF sugar-beet factory B.GP Bainton Gp KD.p King's Dyke pit 0800 083 0803 BP brick plt B/S-cp Buckden,/Stirtloe Gp Lp/D.ep Litt1e paxton/Diddington Gp 763388 o town Br bridge C.H Castor Hanglands H.cp Maxey Gp or 01603 CP country park DD-S Dog in a Doublet Sluice ML-GP Marsh Lane cP a ornithological slte GP gravel pit D.T/E.BP Dogsthorpe TlplEye BP Mepal cPlB.F /Block Fen www. birdline-eastanglia.co. uk F fen D.P Drysides Pit P.M Meadow county boundary P pit G/CL.GP Godmanchester GP and R.P Roswell Pit CALLS TO 09068 NO CHARGED AT6OP/MIN Pk park TlplCow Lane cp SI.cp St.Ives cp rlver system T tipllandfill site H.CP Hinchingbrooke CP T.cP Tanholt cP W wood boundary separating recordlng areas of rncTusTon ot a site on thls map does not indLcate or inply a right ot accesis. Hunts and old Cambs 36 The Birds of Cambridgeshire Checklist 2000

. First avifauna to cover the whole of present-day Cambridgeshire.

. Summarises the status, past and present, of all 324 species recorded in the county up to the end ofthe 20th century.

. Provides record totals, highest counts and earliest and latest migrant dates.

. Colour plates contain previously unpublished work by local photographers.

. Illushations by Graham Easy and Richard Fowling and the late Eric Ennion'

ISBN No. 0 902038 t3 3