DOCSLIB.ORG

THE FISHES of the EXE ESTUARY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE FISHES of the EXE ESTUARY 10 THE FISHES of THE EXE ESTUARY 143 Potts & Swaby (1993) THE FISHES OF THE EXE ESTUARY 10.1 Introduction The Exe estuary is situated in south east Devon. It is largely rural although there are centres of population sited at each end, at Exeter and Exmouth. The estuary is approximately 10 krn long and between 1 and 2 krn wide at high water. The area covered at high tide is over 1,370 ha,, at low tide this is reduced to 400 ha. The channel which remains at low tide is less than 500 rn. wide. This restricted flow causes rapid currents through it. The estuary is sheltered and has a double spit across the estuary mouth which is both low and unstable. The mean tidal range is 3.8 m. at spring tides and 1.5 m, for neap tides, The salinity is reduced throughout the estuary (Devon County Council, 1975; Dixon, 1985; Davidson et al., 1991) The areas between Exmouth and Straight Point have been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), the area west of the estuary is within a Coastal Preservation Area and an area of 429 ha. is designated to a wild bird sanctuary (Devon County Council, 1975). The whole estuary is considered an SSSI and ;f primary marine biological interest for its wide range of habitats (Davies et al., 1990). The estuary is of international importance for its wintering populations of waders and wildfowl, with a special study having been carried out on oystercatchers (Dixon, 1985). 10.2 Estuarine Habitats Predominant substrata is mud at the estuary head and clean sand/gravels at the mouth with areas of mixed deposits in between. Sediments have been derived from marine and riverine inputs. There are areas of fine sand with various mixtures of mud, which have been deposited to form sand banks and mud flats. (Holrne, 1949) There are rocky intertidal areas and the channel bed is current swept sands. Zosfe.ra beds have been reduced since the survey of Allen & Todd, 1902. Fishes have been recorded in areas of mud, sand and gravel. (Allen & Todd, 1902; Dixon, 1985). 10.3 Fish lists The most comprehensive fish list from the Exe Estuary is given in Allen & Tadd (1902). Other, more recent records are mainly on abundant and commercial spxies. (Dixon, 1986; Driver, pers. comrn. 1992; Davies, pers' comm, 1992; Friend, pers. comrn. 1993). The number of fish species recorded from the Exe Estuary is 39 (see Table 10.1) 145 Potts & Swaby (1993) 10.4 Fish and fisheries Fishing used to take place all year round using deep water seines, but there is little commercial fishing within the estuary apart from netting far salmon, trout and eels (Devon County Council, 1975; Dixon, 1985, Friend, pers. comm. 1993)). Salmon (SnImo snlrrr) and sea trout (Snlmo truttn) were commercially fished using seines, The sport fishery is mainly contained in the upper estuary, Catches of salmon and sea trout since 1969 have been adversely affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) (Allen &Todd, 1902; Devon County Council, 1975). There is a small fishery for eels (Aizguilfn nnguilla) (Dixon, 1985). The Exe Estuary is a nursery for bass (Dice~trn~chu~Inbmx) which are predominant in the lower reaches. (Kelley, 1988; Davies, pers, comrn. 1992). Flounder (Platichthys flews) are common in the estuary and are regularly angled (Davies, pers. comm. 1992). Plaice (Pleuronectes p2ntessn) were very common in the Salthouse Lake area and along the shore above the mouth of the Lake at low water (Allen & Todd, 1902). They now appear to be restricted to the lower area around the Warren and Exmouth front (Davies, pers, comm. 1992). The Exe is a plaice nursery (Driver, pers. comm. 1992). Thick-lipped grey mullet (Cheloiz labrosus) feeds in the estuary at all states of the tide and is found mainly in summer between May and August (Driver, pers. comm. 1992). The sand goby (Pornafoschistus minutus) is by far the most common goby in the estuary and was present in almost every haul of the mosquito net (Allen & Todd, 1902). Pollack (PolIachius pollnchius), saithe (Pollachius virens), conger eel (Conger conger), and mackerel (Scornher scornbrus) are regularly caught in the commercial harbour and pier area (Davies, pers. comm. 1992). The allis shad (Alosn nlosa) and twaite shad (Alosn fnflnx) are very infrequently caught in nets and may possibly spawn in the Exe (Driver, pers. comrn. 1992). 144 Potts & Swaby (1993) 10.5 Impacts Exmouth has a dock and provides mooring for commercial and recreational craft, Although, relatively few ships use the estuary for commercial purposes as many are restricted by shallowness of the estuary. The cargoes handled at Exeter and Exrnouth include coal, timber, grain, feedstuffs, fertilizer and cement. Several small boat building businesses operate from Exmouth, Starcross, and Topsham (Devon County Council, 1975; Dixon, 1985). Commercial fishing is restricted to a small fleet of boats from the Exe Estuary, from Exrnouth, Topsham and Lympstone. The main fishing grounds are outside the estuary. There are processing works associated with the fishing industry, two wholesalers and two processing shellfish. (Dixon, 1985). A shellfish fishery exists for mussels and winkles, but current use of the Exe Estuary mussel stocks is minor, although some are caged and grown an. The old scallop fishery outside the estuary is much reduced (Dixon, 1985). Sewage and storm drains flow into the Exe from the Culm and lower Exe catchments. It receives all the treated effluent from seven population centres in the' region via the Rivers Exe, Clyst and Kenn, plus settlements discharging directly into it. A treatment works at Countess Weir digests sludge, which is dumped in Lyme Bay. At Exmouth a primary treatment plant discharges effluent from an outfall near Maer Rocks, but only on ebb tides. During the summer months there is considerable discharge of waste and raw sewage from recreational craft (Devon County Council, 1975). Industrial effluents. There are no industrial activities bordering the estuary producing aqueous effluents. Harbours, sailing clubs, and boat repair yards release chronic low levels inputs of oil, petroleum, and anti fouling paints, although current levels of TBT are below the detection limit (Dixon, 1985). Agricultural catchment industries include dairy farmers, market gardens, and mixed farming (Dixon, 1985), Recreational activities. The estuary is a major recreational area, with over 30 organisations having a direct interest in the use of the estuary and its shores. Activities include sailing, motor boating, fishing, water skiing, power boat racing, canoeing, wind surfing, SCUBA diving and swimming, Potential threats include proposals to build marina facilities in the estuary. Some activities are believed to affect the operation of the commercial migratory fishery these are sailing, boating and water skiing. (Devon County Council, 1975; Dixon, 1985). Angling for sea fish is popular both in and outside the estuary, many anglers are visitors in summer (Dixon, 1985). Bait digging for fishing in the estuary is for polychaetes and 'peeler' crabs. Sandeels (Awzmodytes sp.) are trawled for bait (Dixon, 1985), 147 Potts & Swaby (1993) Educational activities include fieldwork for local schools and colleges. Exeter University, Rolle College and other educational establishments use the estuary for recreational activities (Devon County Council, 1975; Dixon, 1985). Heavy metals levels are given in Burt ct d.(1992). 10.6 Water quality Migratory fish returning to the Exe system, may be influenced by adverse water quality, and thereby affect the commercial and sport fishing, but it is felt that this is unlikely following improvements to the water quality (Devon County Council, 1975) In recent years following improvement in the treatment of sewage there have been improvements in water quality, although it is still only graded "fair" in the region of Exeter (NU, 1991)(see Figure lO.l)+ Recent surveys of a number of variables and pollutants indicated that rather few data were available before 1990. (Edmondson & Watts, 1992). 10.7 Summary The Exe Estuary is of considerable nature conservation importance for its wintering population of waders and wildfowl+ A number of commercial fisheries exist and angling is a popular sport. Typical estuarine species are found and the estuary provides important feeding and nursery grounds for a number of species, Recent improvements in the way effluent discharges are treated will contribute to the improvement of the water environment. 10.8 Recommendations It is recommended that: 1. rigorous efforts are maintained to improve water quality and especially relating to the discharges in the Exeter area. 2. a detailed survey of the distribution of commercial and non commercial fishes be carried out. 148 Potts & Swaby (1993) 10.9 References Allen E.J. & Todd, R.A, 1902. The fauna of the Exe Estuary. Jouriznl of the Mariize Biologicid Associatioii of the United Kingdom, 6, 295-335. Devon County Council. 1975. County Planning Department. Exe estuary study: a study prepared by the Devon County Council to investigate the recreational use and potential of the Exe estuary. 42p. Exeter, Devon County Council. Dixon, I.M.T. 1985. Surveys of harbours rias and estuaries in southern Britain. Exe Estuary. 64p. Peterborough. Nature Conservancy Council. Holme, N,A. 1949. The fauna of sand and mud banks near the mouth of the Exe Estuary. Journd of the Marine Biological Associatioiz of She United Kingdom, 28,189-238. Kelley, D, 1988. The importance of estuaries for sea-bass Dicmtmrchus lrzbrnx (L.), Jourrzd of Fish Biology, 33 (Supplement A), 25-33,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Salcombe Bioblitz 2015 Final Report.Pdf
    FINAL REPORT 1 | P a g e Salcombe Bioblitz 2015 – Final Report Salcombe Bioblitz 2015 This year’s Bioblitz was held in North Sands, Salcombe (Figure 1). Surveying took place from 11am on Sunday the 27th September until 2pm on Monday the 28th September 2015. Over the course of the 24+ hours of the event, 11 timetabled, public-participation activities took place, including scientific surveys and guided walks. More than 250 people attended, including 75 local school children, and over 150 volunteer experts and enthusiasts, families and members of the public. A total of 1109 species were recorded. Introduction A Bioblitz is a multidisciplinary survey of biodiversity in a set place at a set time. The main aim of the event is to make a snapshot of species present in an area and ultimately, to raise public awareness of biodiversity, science and conservation. The event was the seventh marine/coastal Bioblitz to be organised by the Marine Biological Association (MBA). This year the MBA led in partnership with South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and Ambios Ltd, with both organisations contributing vital funding and support for the project overall. Ambios Ltd were able to provide support via the LEMUR+ wildlife.technology.skills project and the Heritage Lottery Fund. Support also came via donations from multiple organisations. Xamax Clothing Ltd provided the iconic event t-shirts free of cost; Salcombe Harbour Hotel and Spa and Monty Hall’s Great Escapes donated gifts for use as competition prizes; The Winking Prawn Café and Higher Rew Caravan and Camping Park offered discounts to Bioblitz staff and volunteers for the duration of the event; Morrisons Kingsbridge donated a voucher that was put towards catering; Budget Car Hire provided use of a van to transport equipment to and from the event free of cost; and donations were received from kind individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Salcombe Conservation Area Appraisal Adopted 2010
    Salcombe Conservation Area Appraisal Conservation Areas are usually located in the older parts of our towns and villages. They are places whose surviving historic, architectural and locally distinctive features make them special. Conservation area designation highlights the need to preserve and reinforce these qualities. The policies followed by the District Council when assessing proposals affecting conservation areas are set out in the South Hams Local Plan and Local Development Framework, while the Supplementary Planning Document ‘New Work in Conservation Areas’ explains how to achieve compliance with them. This is essential because the Council has a statutory duty to approve proposals only if they “preserve or enhance the character or appearance” of the conservation area. The purpose of this appraisal is to set out what makes the Salcombe Conservation Area special, what needs to be conserved and what needs to be improved. Adopted February 2010 Salcombe Introduction Salcombe is the southernmost town in the county of The Conservation Area was first designated in 1973 (later Devon, situated at the very end of the A381 spinal road, amended:1985 and 1998) and comprises the waterfront on the edge of the Salcombe/Kingsbridge Estuary. town’s historic core and close perimeter roads containing Otherwise, the only access to this isolated town is a later Victorian villas. A large number of properties within network of narrow lanes, the long established ferry this area are second homes and the local population of just services to Kingsbridge and E. Portlemouth and the SW over 2000 increases significantly in the summer months, in Coastal Path. common with many attractive settlements in tourist areas.
    [Show full text]
  • South Devon Estuaries Environmental Management Plan 2018 – 2024
    South Devon Estuaries Environmental Management Plan 2018 – 2024 Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty www.southdevonaonb.org.uk 1 South Devon Estuaries Key facts The AONB contains the five estuaries of the Yealm, Erme, Avon, Salcombe-Kingsbridge and Dart. The far west is bordered by Plymouth Sound. They are a defining feature of the South Devon AONB. All are ria-type estuaries, drowned river valleys, formed by the eroding action of rivers carving through the surface geology and flooding to their present geography towards the end of the last Ice Age. The Salcombe-Kingsbridge estuary is a classic dendritic-ria with its many finger-like ria-formed creeks. All of our estuaries are unique in their own ways and range from the highly freshwater dominated Dart estuary to the highly seawater dominated Salcombe- Kingsbridge estuary – some describing it as a tidal marine inlet. Being ria-formed, they tend to be deep watered and have become important and popular ports and water-based recreation designations; they range from the small privately owned Erme estuary that does fully drain at low tide to the more cosmopolitan Dart estuary that attracts some of the world’s largest cruise liners. All of our estuaries still retain large areas of relatively unspoilt and undeveloped bed, foreshore and shoreline but with their considerable history of human use and harvesting, none can be described as being completely natural or unspoilt. However, they supply considerable ‘ecosystem services’ to the local natural beauty and communities and several are formally designated and protected in recognition of their rich and diverse natural history.
    [Show full text]
  • Massey Et Al, Relative Sea Alevel Change and Postglacial Isostatic
    JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (2008) 23(5) 415–433 Copyright ß 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published online 25 February 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1149 Relative sea-level change and postglacial isostatic adjustment along the coast of south Devon, United Kingdom ANTHONY C. MASSEY,1 W. ROLAND GEHRELS,1* DAN J. CHARMAN,1 GLENN A. MILNE,2 W. RICHARD PELTIER,3 KURT LAMBECK4 and KATHERINE A. SELBY5 1 School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK 3 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4 Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 5 School of Geography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Massey, A. C., Gehrels, W. R., Charman, D. J., Milne, G. A., Peltier, W. R., Lambeck, K. and Selby, K. A. 2008. Relative sea-level change and postglacial isostatic adjustment along the coast of south Devon, United Kingdom. J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 23 pp. 415–433. ISSN 0267-8179. Received 1 February 2007; Revised 23 June 2007; Accepted 16 July 2007 ABSTRACT: Previous sea-level studies suggest that southwest Britain has the fastest subsiding coastline in the United Kingdom, but tide-gauge data, GPS and gravity measurements and geophysical models show little evidence of anomalous subsidence in this region. In this paper we present 15 new sea-level index points from four coastal barrier systems in south Devon. Eight are from compaction-free basal sediments and others were corrected for autocompaction. Our data suggest that relative sea level along the south Devon coastline has risen by 21 Æ 4 m during the past 9000 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Avon Estuary to Kingsbridge Estuary
    www.gov.uk/englandcoastpath England Coast Path Stretch: Cremyll to Kingswear Report CKW 7: Avon Estuary to Kingsbridge Estuary Part 7.1: Introduction Start Point: Avon Estuary (Grid reference SX 6680 4377) End Point: Kingsbridge Estuary (Grid reference SX 7412 3886) Relevant Maps: CKW 7a to CKW 7j 7.1.1 This is one of a series of linked but legally separate reports published by Natural England under section 51 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, which make proposals to the Secretary of State for improved public access along and to this stretch of coast between Cremyll and Kingswear. 7.1.2 This report covers length CKW 7 of the stretch, which is the coast between the Avon Estuary and the Kingsbridge Estuary. It makes free-standing statutory proposals for this part of the stretch, and seeks approval for them by the Secretary of State in their own right under section 52 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. 7.1.3 The report explains how we propose to implement the England Coast Path (“the trail”) on this part of the stretch, and details the likely consequences in terms of the wider ‘Coastal Margin’ that will be created if our proposals are approved by the Secretary of State. Our report also sets out: any proposals we think are necessary for restricting or excluding coastal access rights to address particular issues, in line with the powers in the legislation; and any proposed powers for the trail to be capable of being relocated on particular sections (“roll- back”), if this proves necessary in the future because of coastal change.
    [Show full text]
  • Salcombe Neighbourhood Development Plan
    Salcombe Neighbourhood Development Plan 2018 to 2034 Made Version September 2019 Salcombe Neighbourhood Development Plan Foreword Dear Parishioner This plan will shape the future of the area we live in. I am proud that our Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group, with a great deal of community support and engagement has progressed our plan to this final referendum stage. This is in line with the Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012, which is the process by which communities such as ours can establish the right to ‘have a say’ in the planning policies that will affect the parish of Salcombe for many years to come. The creation of this Neighbourhood Plan has been led by members of our community and is part of the Government’s revised approach to planning. Nothing in this Plan or in the policies that are it’s ‘teeth’ have been imposed upon us by any other body, not by Devon County Council (DCC), South Hams District Council (SHDC), nor Salcombe Town Council (STC), although the latter does endorse the Plan as currently drafted. Ultimately it will be you, the local residents (those who are on the local Electoral Register), to decide whether or not to adopt this Neighbourhood Plan through a local referendum. The headline policies of this Plan are the preservation and protection of the parish in this Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), support for schemes that will bring much needed new employment opportunities for local people and support for the development of truly affordable housing. Other policies seek to support the creation of an integrated transport solution to address car parking and the tourism industry upon which the local economy depends.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the South Devon Walking Guide
    South Devon WALKING Guide WalkingFrom the National advice Farmers’ Union and the Maritime and Coastguard Agency ForOur families, favourite food lovers routes and four-legged friends 14Guided walks THE SOUTH DEVON COOKBOOK SOUTH DEVON WALKING GUIDE Welcome 26 Starehole Bay, near Salcombe With a spectacular coastline, breathtaking views, beautiful woodland and stunning countryside, it is not surprising that South Devon is a wonderful place for a walking holiday. Whether experienced hikers looking to tackle a new challenge, couples keen to explore different areas of South Devon, wildlife enthusiasts seeking out particular flora and fauna, or families with children needing to burn off some energy, there are walks perfectly suited to all. Our brand new walking guide offers an exciting overview of some of the most popular routes in South Devon. The guide includes a feature walk from the National Trust as well as advice on nature spotting from South Devon based forest school Forest & Beach. Plus, the National Farmers’ Union gives us their advice for safe walking in the countryside. For those with small children, Claire Hall, author of the ‘Tin Box Traveller’ family travel blog, and Corinne Lynn, owner and founder of Salcombe’s ‘The Kidz & Co’, offer their tips for where best to walk whilst having to push your little ones along in the pram! Ninety miles of the South West Coast Path can be explored in this corner of Devon – providing well-trodden routes between some of the most stunning bays and popular seaside towns and villages. Expect incredible cliff-side trails, exceptional photography opportunities and picnic spots with backdrops like no other.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Environment Agency Plan
    local environment agency plan RIVERS AVON AND ERME CONSULTATION REPORT JANUARY 1998 • FOREWORD • Foreword The Rivers Avon and Erme Local Environment Agency Plan (LEAP) aims to promote integrated environmental management of this important area of Devon. It seeks to develop partnerships with a wide range of organisations and individuals who have a role to play in the management of the Rivers Avon and Ermg. This plan embodies the Agency's commitment to realise improvements to the environment. An important stage in the production of the plans is a period of public consultation. This Consultation Report is being widely.circulated both within and outside the catchment and we are keen to draw on the expertise and interests of the local communities involved. Please comment - your views are important, even if it is to say that you think particular issues are necessary or that you support the plan.- Following on from the Consultation Report an Action Plan will be produced with an agreed programme for the future protection and enhancement o f this much loved area. We will use these plans to ensure that improvments in the local environment are achieved. \A^Aj 2A-— GEOFF BATEMAN Area Manager, Devon Environment Agency Information Centre Head Office 074662 •Local Environment Agency Plan Rivers Avon and Erme Consultation Report • YOUR VIEWS • Your Views We hope that this report will be read by everyone who has an interest in the environment of the Rivers Avon and Erme Catchment. Your views will help us finalise the Action Plan. Have we identified all the problems in the catchment? If not, we would like to know.
    [Show full text]
  • Stuart Popham (See P41) Will Do 4 NEWS 18 NORTHERN EXPOSURE 8 SNAPSHOTS and Together Last Year They Raised an a Fantastic Job
    THE RNLI IS THE CHARITY THAT SAVES LIVES AT SEA ISSUE 617 | AUTUMN 2016 NORTHERN LIGHTS Meet the lifesavers at the northernmost RNLI community PLUS: READ LIFE- CHANGING RESCUES From Cork and the Isles of Scilly to Pembrokeshire and the Hebrides Welcome In this issue CHARLES HUNTER-PEASE (and farewell) FORMER RNLI CHAIRMAN I stepped down as Chairman of the RNLI at the end of September – but I could not do so without taking the opportunity to thank you 8 24 4 12 30 As ever, you’ll find stories showing I will miss this role hugely, but I’m part of my heart and soul. Thank you the remarkable courage and delighted to hand over to somebody very much to anyone reading this who selflessness of our lifesavers who brings amazing skills to ensure has given their support during my and volunteers in this magazine. we continue our journey – to improve 3 years as chair and over my 25 years 18 16 They cannot do it without you, what we do to find new ways of as a volunteer – you have helped us whether you give a donation or raise preserving lives and ensure that change and save lives. funds for the charity. our rescue service is second to none. REGULARS IN DEPTH RESCUE We have 1,032 branches and guilds Stuart Popham (see p41) will do 4 NEWS 18 NORTHERN EXPOSURE 8 SNAPSHOTS and together last year they raised an a fantastic job. He is a true volunteer, RNLI Tour of Britain, BBC, Photography special: 60° north Including the rescue of 34 teens amazing £13.8M.
    [Show full text]
  • Crab Tile Surveys of Devon Estuaries 2016
    Crab Tile Surveys of Devon Estuaries 2016 Stephanie Davies Research Assistant Devon and Severn Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority January 2017 Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Traditional Surveys ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 UAV Surveys .................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Results ................................................................................................................................................. 5 3.1 Overall Results .............................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 River Axe ....................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 River Dart ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4 Exe Estuary .................................................................................................................................. 11 3.5 River Plym ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on the London-Penzance Railway Line
    THE IMPACT OF SEA-LEVEL RISE ON THE LONDON-PENZANCE RAILWAY LINE By DAVID A. DAWSON A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geography School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences In collaboration with: Great Western Research, Network Rail, and Devon and Cornwall County Councils FEBRUARY 2012 i COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. ii ABSTRACT DAVID ANDREW DAWSON THE IMPACT OF SEA-LEVEL RISE ON THE LONDON-PENZANCE RAILWAY LINE The coastal section of the London to Penzance railway line (Dawlish-Teignmouth) lies very close to sea level and has been susceptible to frequent closure during high seas and storm events. As the main railway connection for the southwest of England to the rest of Great Britain, it is a vital transport link for the Devon and Cornwall economy. Current understanding of future sea-level rise in the region is compromised by a lack of reliable geological data on which to establish accurate future sea-level projections. Furthermore, the impacts – in engineering and economic terms – of potential sea-level change on the long-term functioning of the main railway are unclear, and future policy making and planning are compromised by a similar gap in scientific knowledge. The central aim of this thesis is to establish the extent to which future sea-level changes will impact upon the Southwest‟s main railway line.
    [Show full text]
  • Cremyll to Kingswear Overview of Natural England’S Statutory Reports to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
    www.gov.uk/englandcoastpath England Coast Path Stretch: Cremyll to Kingswear Overview of Natural England’s statutory reports to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 1 England Coast Path | Cremyll to Kingswear | Overview Map A: Key Map – Cremyll to Kingswear 2 England Coast Path | Cremyll to Kingswear | Overview Report number and title CKW 1: Cremyll to Mount Batten Point (Maps CKW 1a and CKW 1b) CKW 2: Mount Batten Point to Yealm Estuary (Maps CKW 2a to CKW 2f) CKW 3: Yealm Estuary (Maps CKW 3a to CKW 3j) CKW 4: Yealm Estuary to Mothecombe Beach (Maps CKW 4a to CKW 4f) CKW 5: Mothecombe Beach to Avon Estuary (Maps CKW 5a to CKW 5f) CKW 6: Avon Estuary (Maps CKW 6a to CKW 6e) CKW 7: Avon Estuary to Kingsbridge Estuary (Maps CKW 7a to CKW 7j) CKW 8: Kingsbridge Estuary to Torcross (Maps CKW 8a to CKW 8i) CKW 9: Torcross to Kingswear (Maps CKW 9a to CKW 9h) Using the Key Map Map A shows the whole of the Cremyll to Kingswear stretch divided into shorter numbered lengths of coast. Each number on Map A corresponds to the report which relates to that length of coast. To find our proposals for a particular place, find the place on Map A and note the number of the report which includes it. If you are interested in an area which crosses the boundary between two reports, please read the relevant parts of both reports. Printing If printing, please note that the maps which accompany reports 1 to 9 should ideally be printed on A3 paper.
    [Show full text]