POLOKWANE City of resilience and middle class ‘bling’? Joburg Metro Building, 16th floor, 158 Loveday Street, Braamfontein 2017 Tel: +27 (0)11-407-6471 | Fax: +27 (0)11-403-5230 | email:
[email protected] | www.sacities.net CONTENTS List of figures iii List of tables iv List of boxes v 1. Introduction 1 2. Profile of existing research 2 3. Historical perspective 3 3.1 Colonial history and early apartheid years (1886 to 1960s) 4 3.2 Industrial and infrastructure investment – the entrepreneurial town clerk era (mid 1950s to late 1980s) 4 3.3 Polokwane as an administrative seat (late 1980s to late 1990s) 6 3.4 Business and service development (late 1990s to present day) 6 4. Current status and planning 6 4.1 Demographic and population change 7 4.1.1 Migration trends 7 4.1.2 Age composition 8 4.1.3 Human Development Index (HDI) 8 4.2 Overview of Polokwane Integrated Development Planning (IDP) 10 4.2.1 Positive attributes 11 4.2.2 Key shortcomings 11 4.2.3 Potential threats: 12 4.3 Economic analysis 12 4.3.1 Economic profile 12 4.3.2 Employment profile 17 4.4 Business overview 18 4.4.1 Business and local government relations 20 4.4.2 Human resources 21 4.5 Social issues 21 4.5.1 Segregation aspects 21 4.5.2 Migration 22 4.5.3 Community involvement in poverty related issues 26 4.6 Natural resources and the environment 26 i 4.6.1 Water scarcity 26 4.6.2 Waste management 27 4.6.3 Soils, hydrology, geology and topography 27 4.7 Municipal governance and management 28 4.8 Municipal finance 29 4.8.1 Auditor-General reports 29 4.8.2 Income