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X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ceramics from Santa Rita B, Northern Peru Pamela Shwartz

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X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ceramics from Santa Rita B, Northern Peru Pamela Shwartz Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ceramics from Santa Rita B, Northern Peru Pamela Shwartz Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF CERAMICS FROM SANTA RITA B, NORTHERN PERU By PAMELA SHWARTZ A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2010 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Pamela Shwartz defended on October 13, 2008. __________________________________ Cheryl Ward Professor Co-Directing Thesis __________________________________ Glen Doran Professor Co-Directing Thesis __________________________________ Mary Pohl Committee Member __________________________________ Michael Uzendoski Committee Member __________________________________ Jonathan Kent Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________ Glen Doran, Chair, Anthropology _____________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the many people who have given me the time, energy, and support to finish this thesis. First of all I would like to thank Jonathan Kent for the opportunity to work on the PASAR project at Santa Rita B in 2006 and 2007. It was a wonderful experience. I am grateful to Professor Jonathan Kent, Victor Vásquez Sanchez, and Theresa Rosales Tham for the many explanations of Andean archaeology and the enthusiasm they imparted to me for North Coast Peruvian archaeology. I would like to further thank Victor and Theresa for their friendship, endless information, and their patience with my imperfect Spanish. This project would not have been possible without the support of the Florida State University Center for Research and Creativity’s LEAD grant. Thank you to Cheryl Ward. I have benefited tremendously from having her as my advisor over the past three years. I would also like to thank committee members Michael Uzendoski and Mary Pohl. I am indebted to both friends and family who both kept me sane and helped me throughout the thesis process. To Collette and Stefy, I would not have survived grad school without you! To my Mom, the entire Shwartz/Speser family editors and computer/statistic whiz, and Linda Johannson: I would never have finished this thesis if it were not for your help, advice, and loving nagging. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Ceramics ......................................................................................................... 3 Moche and Recuay Interactions ...................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 7 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND ............................................ 7 Santa Rita B .................................................................................................... 7 Geography of Santa Rita B ............................................................................. 8 Material culture recovered .............................................................................. 8 Santa Rita B’s role in the region ................................................................... 13 The Moche .................................................................................................... 14 Early Moche boundaries and control ............................................................ 14 Late Moche collapse ..................................................................................... 15 The Recuay ................................................................................................... 17 Recuay Style ................................................................................................. 18 Recuay Political/Economical Structure ........................................................ 18 Socioeconomic Models for the Andes .......................................................... 20 Summary ....................................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 25 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 25 Economic Framework ................................................................................... 25 Petrography ................................................................................................... 29 Chemical Analysis ........................................................................................ 29 iv Summary ....................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................... 32 METHODS ........................................................................................................... 32 Sample Collection Strategy ........................................................................... 32 La Libertad Clay Samples ............................................................................. 33 Ancash Clay Samples ................................................................................... 36 Huamachuco Clay Samples .......................................................................... 39 Ceramic Samples .......................................................................................... 42 Laboratory Analysis ...................................................................................... 43 Summary ....................................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................... 44 DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 44 Introduction ................................................................................................... 44 Analysis Technique ....................................................................................... 44 Analysis......................................................................................................... 45 Iron (Fe) ........................................................................................................ 45 Strontium (Sr) ............................................................................................... 45 Copper (Cu) .................................................................................................. 46 Nickel (Ni) .................................................................................................... 46 Thorium (Th) ................................................................................................ 46 Zinc (Zn) ....................................................................................................... 46 Gallium (Ga) ................................................................................................. 47 Niobium (Nb) ................................................................................................ 47 Zirconium (Zr) .............................................................................................. 47 Rubidium (Rb) .............................................................................................. 47 Titanium (Ti) ................................................................................................. 47 Yttrium (Y) ................................................................................................... 48 Magnesium (Mn) .......................................................................................... 48 v Discussion ..................................................................................................... 49 Summary ....................................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 6 ......................................................................................................... 52 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 52 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 57 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... 59 REFERENCES CITED ......................................................................................... 61 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...............................................................................
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