DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Microwave Link for 8K Super Hi-Vision Program Contribution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Microwave Link for 8K Super Hi-Vision Program Contribution FEATURE Development of Microwave Link for 8K Super Hi-Vision Program Contribution Hirokazu Kamoda, Kenji Murase, Naohiko Iai, Hiroyuki Hamazumi and Kazuhiko Shibuya*1 *1 NHK Engineering System, Inc. As the satellite broadcasting of 4K/8K Super Hi-Vision is band is not strongly affected by rain and can be transmitted scheduled to start in 2018, the portable wireless contribution over distances up to 50 km, making efficient FPU operation links for program production, which are used for electronic possible. To maintain the same efficient operability with news gathering, outside broadcasting, etc., must be adapted FPUs used for 4K/8K reporting and production (4K/8K to the 4K/8K format. We upgraded a HD (2K) microwave FPUs), the FPUs must be upgraded to 4K/8K while still us- contribution link system particularly used for fixed and ing microwave band frequencies. line-of-sight transmissions to adapt it to 4K/8K operations There is also a need to introduce 4K/8K FPUs smoothly by increasing the transmission capacity. A 200-Mbps-class while maintaining the existing microwave band channel transmission capacity was achieved by enhancing the spec- allocations so that the operation of current HD FPUs can tral efficiency while keeping the conventional channel band- continue. Thus, technology is needed to increase spectral width (18 MHz). efficiency and dramatically increase transmission capacity To enhance the spectral efficiency, we employed dual- without changing allocated channel bandwidths. polarized MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) using In earlier research on technologies to increase spectral both horizontal and vertical polarizations and OFDM (Or- efficiency for next-generation digital terrestrial broad- thogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) with higher-order casting1)-3), dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output modulation. We conducted outdoor experiments using a (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplex- preliminary prototype built halfway through the develop- ing (OFDM) with higher-order modulation were found to ment and proved the feasibility of the technologies by suc- be able to dramatically increase the transmission capacity cessful transmission of 8K video and audio signals over 50 while maintaining digital terrestrial television broadcasting km. bandwidths (6 MHz). From the perspective of increasing capacity, the application of this technology in FPUs is a promising option. 1. Introduction The authors have studied increasing the transmission ca- NHK has been conducting R&D on 4K/8K Super Hi- pacity by applying dual-polarized MIMO and OFDM with Vision, a television broadcasting service that will provide higher-order modulation to upgrade microwave-band FPUs highly realistic, ultrahigh-definition images. Test satellite to 4K/8K. This article discusses a microwave band 4K/8K broadcasting of 4K/8K Super Hi-Vision began in 2016, and FPU system that we have developed and reports on field preparation to begin regular service in 2018 is in progress. transmission tests performed to confirm its feasibility. This also generates a need to upgrade field pick-up units (FPUs) to 4K/8K. These are portable radio transmission devices that can quickly transmit live coverage or program 2. Microwave band 4K/8K FPU system materials for reporting or program production from venues around the country to the broadcast studio. Upgrading FPUs 2.1 Technical requirements for transmission capacity, to 4K/8K involves increasing their transmission capacity so frequency, and power that they can transmit 4K and 8K video and audio signals To transmit 4K/8K signals using limited frequency re- (4K/8K signals), which require more capacity than HD sig- sources, as with current HD systems, the compression cod- nals. ing of video and audio signals is unavoidable. Using H.265/ Microwave band (6-7 GHz) FPUs are used for most cur- HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), the latest video rent HD reporting and program production. This microwave compression encoding, a bit rate of between 100 and 300 2 FEATURE Mbps would be needed to transmit a 4K/8K signal4). Cur- orthogonally polarized signal components can be canceled rent HD FPUs have a transmission capacity of approximate- using MIMO detection*1. ly 60 Mbps, so the transmission capacity must be increased OFDM with higher-order modulation increases the num- by a factor of 2 to 5. ber of modulation levels used for the quadrature amplitude To maintain the same operability of current FPUs, the modulation (QAM) of subcarriers from 64QAM, as used same channel bandwidth of 18 MHz in the C (6.425-6.570 by current FPUs (Fig. 1 (a)), to 1024QAM (Fig. 1 (b)) or GHz) and D (6.870-7.125 GHz) bands is preserved. Also, 4096QAM. This increases the number of bits transmitted to prevent new interference with existing radio systems, with each carrier symbol from 6 bits to 10 bits or 12 bits, including current FPUs, the maximum transmission power increasing the transmission capacity by a factor of 1.7 to 2. is set at 5 W, the same as for current FPUs (although it is The transmission capacity was further increased by in- set to 0.2 W if an analog FPU is operating in an adjacent creasing the number of points used for fast Fourier Trans- channel). The proposed system described below will use forms (FFTs) from the current 2,048 to 8,192, increasing the horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously, so the effective symbol length relative to the guard interval (GI) transmission power refers to the total power of both polar- length (Fig. 2), and by reducing the number of pilot signals. ized signals. The transmission capacity can be increased by a factor To summarize, the transmission capacity must be in- of 2 to 5 by combining the above technologies. Note that to creased by a factor of 2 to 5 while maintaining current regu- minimize the increase in the required carrier-to-noise ratio lations of bandwidth and transmission power. (C/N) as a result of increasing the number of modulation levels, instead of convolutional and Reed-Solomon concat- 2.2 Overview of technologies to increase spectral enated coding used in current FPUs, a low-density parity efficiency check (LDPC) and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) Technologies to increase spectral efficiency, including concatenated coding is used as the forward error correction dual-polarized MIMO and OFDM with higher-order modu- (FEC). lation, had already been developed for next-generation ter- restrial broadcasting research and were employed for the *1 With MIMO, the multiple transmitted signals arrive at the 4K/8K FPU. receiver having interfered with each other along the propaga- tion path. The process of reconstructing the originally trans- Dual-polarized MIMO is a technology that uses two mitted signals from multiple received signals is called MIMO orthogonally polarized waves to provide double the trans- detection. Generally, known signals are used to estimate the mission capacity of current FPUs, which use a single po- propagation path and the results are used to estimate the larization. Interference between the polarizations of the transmitted signals. Carrier orthogonal component amplitude Carrier in-phase component amplitude 64 (26) constellation points 1024 (210 ) constellation points 64QAM (Current HD FPU) 1024QAM (a) (b) Figure 1: Increasing number of constellation points for subcarrier modulation 3 FEATURE Guard interval Effective symbol interval Number of FFT points: 2,048 100.14 µs 12.5 µs Number of FFT 400.57 µs points: 8,192 12.5 µs 8.3% improvement Time axis Figure 2: Increased transmission efficiency by increasing number of FFT points 2.3 4K/8K upgraded microwave band FPU system in Fig. 3. Block diagrams for this system are shown in Fig. 4 A photograph of the microwave band 4K/8K FPU intro- and the transmission parameters and the realized transmis- ducing the advanced technologies discussed above is shown sion bit rates are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. This system is based on the standards used for current OFDM Table 1: Microwave band 4K/8K FPU transmission parameters FPUs, ARIB STD-B335) and STD-B576). The system is de- Item Specification scribed in this section in order of the signal flow. FFT size 2,048 8,192 Occupied bandwidth (MHz) 17.21 17.20 (1) Converting input signals to FEC blocks Carrier interval (kHz) 9.99 2.50 In Fig. 4 (a), the input signal is an MPEG-2 transport stream (TS), with video and audio compression encoding Total 1,723 6,889 Data carriers 1,428 6,426 Table 2: Microwave band 4K/8K FPU transmission rates Number of Pilot (CP/SP)*1 216/217 216/217 carriers Transmission rate (Mbps) *2 Subcarrier TMCC 16 64 Code rate modulation 2,048 FFT 8,192 FFT AC*3 62/61 182/181 points points 64QAM, 256QAM, Subcarrier modulation 1/2 76.5 93.8 1024QAM, 4096QAM 2/3 101.9 125.1 FFT sampling clock (MHz) 20.450743 64QAM 3/4 112.1 137.6 Effective symbol length (µs) 100.14 400.57 5/6 127.4 156.4 Guard interval length (µs) 12.52 12.52 1/2 101.9 125.1 Symbol length (µs) 112.66 413.09 2/3 135.9 166.8 Number of symbols/OFDM frame 440 440 256QAM 3/4 149.5 183.5 OFDM frame length (ms) 49.57 181.76 LDPC code 5/6 169.9 208.5 Inner code (Approx. code rates R 1/2 127.4 156.4 =1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6) 2/3 169.9 208.5 Outer code BCH code 1024QAM 3/4 186.9 229.4 MIMO-supporting CP/SP SP: Horiz. (1,0), Vert. (0,1) carrier multiplication CP: Horiz. (1,1), Vert. (1,-1) 5/6 212.4 260.7 coefficient*4 1/2 152.9 187.7 *1 CP: Continual Pilot, SP: Scattered Pilot *2 Transmission Multiplexing Configuration and Control 2/3 203.9 250.2 4096QAM *3 Auxiliary Channel 3/4 224.3 275.2 *4 In parenthesis: (even-symbol multiplier, odd-symbol multiplier) 5/6 254.9 312.8 4 FEATURE using H.256/HEVC (or other) and multiplexing, so this Dual-polarized antennas TS is first converted to FEC blocks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Replacing Digital Terrestrial Television with Internet Protocol?
    This is a repository copy of The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94851/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Ala-Fossi, M and Lax, S orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-1594 (2016) The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol? International Communication Gazette, 78 (4). pp. 365-382. ISSN 1748-0485 https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516632171 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Short Future of Public Broadcasting: Replacing DTT with IP? Marko Ala-Fossi & Stephen Lax School of Communication, School of Media and Communication Media and Theatre (CMT) University of Leeds 33014 University of Tampere Leeds LS2 9JT Finland UK [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: Public broadcasting, terrestrial television, switch-off, internet protocol, convergence, universal service, data traffic, spectrum scarcity, capacity crunch.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Dividend: Insights for Spectrum Decisions
    Thematic reports ITUPublications Infrastructure Digital dividend: Insights for spectrum decisions International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland ISBN: 978-92-61-28011-6 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 2 8 0 1 1 6 Published in Switzerland Geneva, 2018 Digital dividend: insights for spectrum decisions Photo credits: Shutterstock Digital dividend: Insights for spectrum decisions Please consider the environment before printing this report. © ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Foreword The rising importance of the radio spectrum in the world means that the way in which it is managed is vital for economical and societal development. As spectrum is freed up by the transition of analogue television services to digital and by the use of ever more advanced transmission and coding digital broadcasting technology, national and international spectrum decision makers are faced with the question of how to allocate the ‘digital dividend’ resulting from the spectrum efficiencies gained by this process in the frequency bands currently allocated to broadcasting. Although reallocation of spectrum is an important aspect of the transition to digital terrestrial tele- vision, there are other reasons for introducing or evolving the digital terrestrial television services. In addition to gaining spectrum efficiency, it will bringconsumer benefits(more choice and quality in television services) and industry benefits(new revenue streams and business models). By definition, the process by which the digital dividend will be allocated is closely related to the introduction or evolution of digital terrestrial television services.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Review: Wib – a New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT)
    WiB – A New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) 06 March 2017 E. Stare, J.J. Giménez, P.Klenner FOREWORD The main purpose of an EBU Technical Review is to critically examine new technologies or developments in media production or distribution. All Technical Reviews are reviewed by one (or more) technical experts at the EBU or externally and by the EBU Technical Editions Manager. Responsibility for the views expressed in this article rests solely with the author(s). To access the full collection of our Technical Reviews, please see: tech.ebu.ch/publications If you are interested in submitting a topic for an EBU Technical Review, please contact: [email protected] EBU Technology & Innovation | Technical Review | 06 March 2017 2 ABSTRACT Authors: E. STARE1, J.J. GIMÉNEZ2, P. KLENNER3 A new system concept for DTT, called “WiB”, is presented, where potentially all frequencies within the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band are used on all transmitter (Tx) sites (i.e. reuse-1). Interference, especially from neighbouring transmitters operating on the same frequency and transmitting different information, is handled by a combination of a robust transmission mode, directional discrimination of the receiving antenna and interference cancellation methods. With this approach DTT may be transmitted as a single wideband signal, covering potentially the entire UHF band, from a single wideband transmitter per transmitter site. Thanks to a higher spectrum utilisation the approach allows for a dramatic reduction in fundamental power/cost and about 37 - 60% capacity increase for the same coverage compared with current DTT. High speed mobile reception as well as fine granularity local services would also be supported, without loss of capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • Coverage Aspects of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
    Coverage aspects of digital terrestrial television broadcasting C. Weck (IRT) 1. Introduction The specification for digital terrestrial television, DVB-T, offers a wide range The intention is to make terrestrial broadcasting of of potential applications: single trans- television programmes a more attractive proposi- mitter and single-frequency networks, tion to meet competition from cable and satellite prohibited channel operation, port- transmission. The new specification for digital terrestrial television, DVB-T [1], will make it pos- able reception, hierarchical trans- sible to provide television services which can hold mission, etc. The network operator their own, even when digital transmission via sat- can select technical parameters such ellite and cable is introduced. as the number of OFDM carriers, the length of guard interval, the degree of The chief advantages of terrestrial broadcasting error protection and the modulation are to be found in regional and local services method. The last two parameters in (pictures, sound and data). A further plus point particular allow the operator to reach for digital systems is the marked improvement in a compromise between the number portable reception when ordinary antennas are of programmes carried and their used. It is also possible with digital systems to transmission reliability. This raises transmit within a standard (7 or 8 MHz) television channel either (i) more programmes concurrently the question of which results, with or (ii) programmes with a higher image resolution regard to coverage, need to be (EDTV, HDTV). achieved in each case. The main applications have been As far as coverage planning is concerned, there studied at the IRT using Monte Carlo are important advantages in the design of the simulations of regular network transmitter network structure and the energy bal- ance.
    [Show full text]
  • Generic Code of Practice on Television Technical Standards
    LC Paper No. CB(1)230/07-08(01) GENERIC CODE OF PRACTICE ON TELEVISION TECHNICAL STANDARDS BROADCASTING AUTHORITY 9 NOVEMBER 2007 Technical Standards - TV Contents 1. Preamble 3 2. I/PAL Colour Television System 4 3. M/NTSC Colour Television System 5 4. Multisound I/PAL System 6 5. Technical Quality Standards and Reliability 7 Conversion of Widescreen Programmes to 6. 9 4:3 Programmes 7. Loudness Control Limits 10 8. Digital Terrestrial Television System 12 Annex List of References 18 1 Technical Standards - TV 2 Technical Standards - TV Chapter 1 Preamble 1.1 This Code of Practice is issued by the Broadcasting Authority (BA), after consulting the Telecommunications Authority (TA), pursuant to section 3 of the Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap.562). 1.2 This Code is applicable to television programme services licensed under the Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap.562) except for a service provided to hotel rooms. 1.3 Unless otherwise approved by the BA, the signal formats of television programmes delivered on a licensed television programme service should comply with the formats, if any, specified in the statements (including statements of intention) and representations made by, or on behalf, of the licensee in its licence application. In particular, (a) Chapter 2 applies to a television programme service which employs the I/PAL Colour Television System; (b) Chapter 3 applies to a television programme service which employs the M/NTSC Colour Television System; (c) Chapter 4 applies to a television programme service which employs the Multisound I/PAL System for the audio signals; and (d) Chapter 8 applies to a television programme service which employs the Digital Terrestrial Television System.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Setting in High-De$Nition Television
    JOSEPH FARRELL liniversity of Califorrzia at Berkeley CARL SHAPIRO Universitl)' of California at Berkeley Standard Setting in High-De$nition Television TODAYTELEVISION SIGNALS are encoded, broadcast, and received in the United States using the color system of the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC). Almost 40 years old, this system has well-known performance limitations. It is subject to flickering and ghosting, it has low resolution (more apparent as TV sets become larger), and it requires cutting off the side panels in showing material shot for exhibition on wide movie screens. NTSC is derisively known in some circles as "Never Twice the Same Color." Although it nominally has 525 hor- izontal lines, a mere 483 "active" lines produce the picture; the rest carry auxiliary information. Moreover, NTSC is interlaced: only half of the lines are displayed on each pass. This creates a visible flicker when there are horizontal lines in the scene portrayed, so studios de- liberately reduce the resolution. Even with ideal reception, the reso- lution is roughly equivalent to that achievable with 330 to 350 lines. The PAL and SECAM standards are significantly better, but still no- ticeably imperfect. Developed about 15 years later than NTSC, they are used in much of the world outside North America and Japan. We thank the National Science Foundation (SES 8821529), and Carl Shapiro thanks the Consortium on Competition and Cooperation for financial support. Both authors are indebted to David Cooper and Kathryn Graddy at Princeton, Margaret Miller at Berkeley, and Sam Farrell for research assistance and to Stanley Besen, Peter Fannon, Richard Gilbert, Bronwyn Hall, Paul Klemperer, Richard Nelson, Roger Noll, Michael Riordan, Greg Rosston, Suzanne Scotchmer, and Larry Thorpe for helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Internationalization of the Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting System, ISDB-T from Development of the Transmission System to Its Adoption in Brazil
    Internationalization of the Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting System, ISDB-T From development of the transmission system to its adoption in Brazil On June 29, 2006, the Brazilian government announced that it had chosen to use a digital terrestrial television broadcasting system based on Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T). This is the first time that the ISDB-T system had been chosen for Digital Terrestrial Television outside of Japan. The Brazilian government cited several reasons for choosing ISDB-T, including technical superiority, system flexibility, and promotional activities. This paper describes the development and standardization of ISDB-T in Japan and in ITU-R, as well as activities to promote the system internationally. We had thought that a multipath-proof technique would be necessary, from experience with terrestrial digital transmissions such as TELETEXT and FM multiplex broadcasting. Hence, we began studying orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) at the end of 1980's. This effort led to BST-OFDM (Band Segmented Transmission - OFDM), which is a major feature of ISDB-T. Since 1997, NHK Labs. and DTV-Lab. Co. had been studying a transmission system for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB). We jointly proposed the transmission system as a DTTB system to ARIB. The system was approved as the Japanese DTTB system in May, 1999. NHK Labs has also been working on setting international standards in ITU-R. Since 1992, we have contributed documents for DTTB to ITU-R. ISDB-T was approved as an ITU-R recommended system for DTTB in 2000. The Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG) was established in 1997 as an organization for international promotion of ISDB-T.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Digital Terrestrial Transition and Use of Digital Distribution Methods
    View other topics 7. DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TRANSITION AND USE OF DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION METHODS AT A GLANCE ~ The digital terrestrial transition has significant implications for community broadcasting. The principle of equitable access by community broadcasters to broadcasting frequency spectrum, INTRODUCTION which is underpinned by the need to promote media diversity, applies equally in the analogue and digital environments. KEY POLICY ISSUES States need to adapt their policy tools to protect space for ~ INTERNATIONAL community broadcasters in the new environment, taking STANDARDS into account the vast differences in the way they have gone about the digital transition. What is important is that all States RECOMMENDATIONS put in place appropriate arrangements to ensure that community broadcasters have access to and can afford digital distribution POLICY CHECKLIST opportunities. ~ In the radio sector, where the transition is far less advanced, consideration should be given to allowing community radios to continue to distribute using analogue transmitters for at least the short- to medium-term. ~ Digital broadcast transition is not just about how broadcasting signals are distributed; it also requires audiences to have digital receiving devices i.e. television and radio sets. ~ Consideration should also be given to providing technical and financial support, as needed, to community broadcasters to help them distribute their content online. INTRODUCTION The world is moving toward switching off analogue terrestrial transmission of broadcasting signals and replacing that with digital terrestrial transmission. In the television sector, many countries have already fully switched off analogue transmission and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has set 2020 as the deadline for all countries to switch over.
    [Show full text]
  • Options of Enhanced Secam Tv Transmission System
    Gofaizen O.V. (UKRAINE, UNIIRT) OPTIONS OF ENHANCED SECAM TV TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Introduction The questions of transition from analogue to digital TV in countries, using analogue TV SECAM transmission system are discussed in this report with consideration of its enhancement in accor- dance with conception of EQTV systems. The transition period is characterized with that in its beginning infrastructure and park of TV sets are analogue. At the beginning of transition period TV broadcasting is mainly analogue, and a number of digital TV sets is minimal, and apparently for a long time analogue and digital TV will co-exist. Simultaneously with implementation of digital TV analogue TV has to be supported and enhanced [1]. The issues of compatibility of new digital and old analogue TV are extremely important, and here the main consideration is attended to them. 1 The position of analogue enhanced quality television in the period of transition to digi- tal television We have to take into consideration that the main event of the present in television is the transition to digital TV. Nevertheless, this transition may continue in some countries for long time enough. All this depends on many factors – relationship between the cost of digital sets (tuners, set top boxes) and of analog ones, real term for change from analog to digital infrastructure and the affordablence of this change, purchasing power of viewers community, presence and condition of used equipment. It is quite possible, that in some coun- tries this transition would come in a quite short time, in others this transition would continue for decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Report ITU-R BT.2295-3 (02/2020)
    Report ITU-R BT.2295-3 (02/2020) Digital terrestrial broadcasting systems BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2295-3 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
    [Show full text]
  • En 301 598 V1.0.9 (2014-02)
    Final draft ETSI EN 301 598 V1.0.9 (2014-02) Harmonized European Standard White Space Devices (WSD); Wireless Access Systems operating in the 470 MHz to 790 MHz TV broadcast band; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive 2 Final draft ETSI EN 301 598 V1.0.9 (2014-02) Reference DEN/BRAN-0060010 Keywords access, broadband, CRS, FWA, LAN, M2M, mobile, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrum Requirements for Terrestrial Television Broadcasting in the UHF Frequency Band in Region 1 and the Islamic Republic of Iran
    Report ITU-R BT.2302-0 (04/2014) Spectrum requirements for terrestrial television broadcasting in the UHF frequency band in Region 1 and the Islamic Republic of Iran BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2302-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1.
    [Show full text]