Digital Dividend: Insights for Spectrum Decisions
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Replacing Digital Terrestrial Television with Internet Protocol?
This is a repository copy of The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94851/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Ala-Fossi, M and Lax, S orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-1594 (2016) The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol? International Communication Gazette, 78 (4). pp. 365-382. ISSN 1748-0485 https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516632171 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Short Future of Public Broadcasting: Replacing DTT with IP? Marko Ala-Fossi & Stephen Lax School of Communication, School of Media and Communication Media and Theatre (CMT) University of Leeds 33014 University of Tampere Leeds LS2 9JT Finland UK [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: Public broadcasting, terrestrial television, switch-off, internet protocol, convergence, universal service, data traffic, spectrum scarcity, capacity crunch. -
Computer & Networking Cables
COPPER NETWORKING | FIBRE CABLING | POWER LEADS & PDUS | INTELLIGENT POWER & ACTIVE COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTER & NETWORKING CABLES TECH TERMS GUIDE FROM COMPUTER CABLES | AV & SECURITY | EVERYDAY CABINETS & CABLE MANAGEMENT 01276 405300 WWW.CABLENET.CO.UK Welcome to the Computer & Networking Tech Terms Guide This has been enhanced to support all the products we sell and feature in our Product Guide. We offer over 6000 premium quality, affordable products for all your Computer & Network cabling needs. Our proven business delivery model helps you to quickly solve your connectivity demands with our reliable and competitive range of networking, cabling and power products with both copper and fibre optic cabling solutions. Most of our products are available for next day delivery from our large stock held in our 32,000ft warehouse in Surrey. If you have any technical questions on anything in this Tech Terms Guide, please contact your personal account manager. We strive to continue to offer the very best customer service and retain our repeat business year after year and hope you find this Guide useful. Peter Pearson Managing Director COMPUTER & NETWORKING CABLES TECH TERMS GUIDE What’s Inside... Copper Networking Computer Cables 3-5 TECH TERMS 15-19 TECH TERMS Fibre Cabling AV & Security 6-10 TECH TERMS 20 TECH TERMS Power Leads & PDUs EVEryday cabinets & cable management 11 TECH TERMS 21 TECH TERMS Intelligent Power & Active Communications Notes & How to find us 12-14 TECH TERMS 22-23 01276 405300 [email protected] www.cablenet.co.uk All content within this Tech Terms Guide remains the intellectual property of Cablenet Trading Ltd. -
Technical Review: Wib – a New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT)
WiB – A New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) 06 March 2017 E. Stare, J.J. Giménez, P.Klenner FOREWORD The main purpose of an EBU Technical Review is to critically examine new technologies or developments in media production or distribution. All Technical Reviews are reviewed by one (or more) technical experts at the EBU or externally and by the EBU Technical Editions Manager. Responsibility for the views expressed in this article rests solely with the author(s). To access the full collection of our Technical Reviews, please see: tech.ebu.ch/publications If you are interested in submitting a topic for an EBU Technical Review, please contact: [email protected] EBU Technology & Innovation | Technical Review | 06 March 2017 2 ABSTRACT Authors: E. STARE1, J.J. GIMÉNEZ2, P. KLENNER3 A new system concept for DTT, called “WiB”, is presented, where potentially all frequencies within the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band are used on all transmitter (Tx) sites (i.e. reuse-1). Interference, especially from neighbouring transmitters operating on the same frequency and transmitting different information, is handled by a combination of a robust transmission mode, directional discrimination of the receiving antenna and interference cancellation methods. With this approach DTT may be transmitted as a single wideband signal, covering potentially the entire UHF band, from a single wideband transmitter per transmitter site. Thanks to a higher spectrum utilisation the approach allows for a dramatic reduction in fundamental power/cost and about 37 - 60% capacity increase for the same coverage compared with current DTT. High speed mobile reception as well as fine granularity local services would also be supported, without loss of capacity. -
Coverage Aspects of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
Coverage aspects of digital terrestrial television broadcasting C. Weck (IRT) 1. Introduction The specification for digital terrestrial television, DVB-T, offers a wide range The intention is to make terrestrial broadcasting of of potential applications: single trans- television programmes a more attractive proposi- mitter and single-frequency networks, tion to meet competition from cable and satellite prohibited channel operation, port- transmission. The new specification for digital terrestrial television, DVB-T [1], will make it pos- able reception, hierarchical trans- sible to provide television services which can hold mission, etc. The network operator their own, even when digital transmission via sat- can select technical parameters such ellite and cable is introduced. as the number of OFDM carriers, the length of guard interval, the degree of The chief advantages of terrestrial broadcasting error protection and the modulation are to be found in regional and local services method. The last two parameters in (pictures, sound and data). A further plus point particular allow the operator to reach for digital systems is the marked improvement in a compromise between the number portable reception when ordinary antennas are of programmes carried and their used. It is also possible with digital systems to transmission reliability. This raises transmit within a standard (7 or 8 MHz) television channel either (i) more programmes concurrently the question of which results, with or (ii) programmes with a higher image resolution regard to coverage, need to be (EDTV, HDTV). achieved in each case. The main applications have been As far as coverage planning is concerned, there studied at the IRT using Monte Carlo are important advantages in the design of the simulations of regular network transmitter network structure and the energy bal- ance. -
The Underrepresentation of Women As Cinematographers
The underrepresentation of Women as Cinematographers What hinders a woman on her way to become a cinematographer? Pia-Maria Lehto Pia-Maria Lehto Examensarbete / Degree Thesis Mediekultur / Media Culture 2012 Pia-Maria Lehto EXAMENSARBETE Arcada Utbildningsprogram: Mediekultur Identifikationsnummer: Författare: Pia-Maria Lehto Arbetets namn: Handledare (Arcada): Fred Nordström Uppdragsgivare: Sammandrag: Det finns inte många kvinnliga filmfotografer som arbetar med långfilmer inom den finska filmindustrin. Det är ett världsomfattande problem att kvinnor har svårt att nå de ledande chefspositionerna inom olika typer av branscher. Problemet diskuteras och tas ständigt upp inom politiken, trots detta har det endast skett små förändringar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad som hindrar kvinnor på deras väg att bli filmfotografer. Examensarbetet undersöker vilket stadium som är det mest utmanande för en kvinnas karriär och identifierar var de största hindren äger rum. Den valda forskningsmetoden är den kvalitativa metoden eftersom denna avhandling undersöker varför kvinnor väljer att bli filmfotografer, vad deras motivation är och hur det tror att deras kön påverkar deras framgång. För min uppsats har jag genomfört intervjuer med fyra kvinnliga filmfotografstuderanden. Temaintervju valdes som intervjuteknik. Tekniken används för att samla in kvalitativ data och är ett lämplig sätt eftersom den ger respondenten friheten att tala öppet och oavbrutet om ämnet. Examensarbetets resultat identifierar steget från skolan till filmindustrin som det skede på karriären där kvinnliga filmfotografer stöter på sina första hinder. Kvinnliga filmfotografer har svårt att få anställning, vilket leder till svårigheter med att få erfarenhet och möjligheten att bygga upp ett namn för sig. Skolor ger däremot samma möjligheter för både män och kvinnor och kan inte anklagas för att hindra kvinnor på deras väg att bli filmfotografer. -
Red Dsmc Operation Guide
RED DSMC OPERATION GUIDE EPIC | SCARLET | V5.1 DRAGON | MYSTERIUM-X RED.COM RED DSMC OPERATION GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer 3 Focus Menu 97 Copyright Notice 3 Presets Menu 103 Trademark Disclaimer 3 Chapter 7: Upgrade DSMC Firmware 106 Compliance Statements 4 Verify Current Camera Firmware 106 Safety Instructions 6 Upgrade DSMC Firmware 106 Battery Storage and Handling 7 Chapter 8: Audio Subsystem 108 Shipping Disclaimer 7 Audio Format 108 Chapter 1: DSMC Overview 8 Channel Setup 108 DRAGON Sensor 8 Source Selection 108 MYSTERIUM-X® Sensor 8 Channel Modes 108 Image Processing 9 Audio Recording 109 HDRx 9 Peak Meter 109 Magic Motion 10 Data Path 110 Audio Recording 10 HD-SDI/HDMI Embedded Audio 110 Microphone Level Analog Inputs 10 Audio During Playback 111 Line Level Analog Inputs 10 Chapter 9: REDMOTE Operation 113 Video Monitoring Outputs 11 Overview 113 Lens Mounts 12 Control, Connectors and Display 113 SMPTE Timecode 12 Operation 115 Additional Resources 12 Internal Battery 119 Chapter 2: Components and Modules 13 Upgrade REDMOTE Firmware 120 BRAIN 13 Appendix A: Input/Output Connectors 124 Side SSD Modules 15 SSD Module Connectors 124 DSMC SIDE HANDLE 18 Camera BRAIN 124 DSMC Modules 20 REDMOTE 132 REDMOTE 32 Appendix B: Supported Lenses 133 DSMC Displays 33 Lens Weight and Lens Support 133 Chapter 3: Power the DSMC 36 DSMC PL Mount Supported Lenses 133 Power Consumption 36 DSMC Canon Mount Supported Lenses 133 Power Priority 36 DSMC Nikon Mount Supported Lenses 136 Power Status 36 DSMC Leica-M Mount Lenses 136 Power Up 36 Appendix -
Generic Code of Practice on Television Technical Standards
LC Paper No. CB(1)230/07-08(01) GENERIC CODE OF PRACTICE ON TELEVISION TECHNICAL STANDARDS BROADCASTING AUTHORITY 9 NOVEMBER 2007 Technical Standards - TV Contents 1. Preamble 3 2. I/PAL Colour Television System 4 3. M/NTSC Colour Television System 5 4. Multisound I/PAL System 6 5. Technical Quality Standards and Reliability 7 Conversion of Widescreen Programmes to 6. 9 4:3 Programmes 7. Loudness Control Limits 10 8. Digital Terrestrial Television System 12 Annex List of References 18 1 Technical Standards - TV 2 Technical Standards - TV Chapter 1 Preamble 1.1 This Code of Practice is issued by the Broadcasting Authority (BA), after consulting the Telecommunications Authority (TA), pursuant to section 3 of the Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap.562). 1.2 This Code is applicable to television programme services licensed under the Broadcasting Ordinance (Cap.562) except for a service provided to hotel rooms. 1.3 Unless otherwise approved by the BA, the signal formats of television programmes delivered on a licensed television programme service should comply with the formats, if any, specified in the statements (including statements of intention) and representations made by, or on behalf, of the licensee in its licence application. In particular, (a) Chapter 2 applies to a television programme service which employs the I/PAL Colour Television System; (b) Chapter 3 applies to a television programme service which employs the M/NTSC Colour Television System; (c) Chapter 4 applies to a television programme service which employs the Multisound I/PAL System for the audio signals; and (d) Chapter 8 applies to a television programme service which employs the Digital Terrestrial Television System. -
Standard Setting in High-De$Nition Television
JOSEPH FARRELL liniversity of Califorrzia at Berkeley CARL SHAPIRO Universitl)' of California at Berkeley Standard Setting in High-De$nition Television TODAYTELEVISION SIGNALS are encoded, broadcast, and received in the United States using the color system of the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC). Almost 40 years old, this system has well-known performance limitations. It is subject to flickering and ghosting, it has low resolution (more apparent as TV sets become larger), and it requires cutting off the side panels in showing material shot for exhibition on wide movie screens. NTSC is derisively known in some circles as "Never Twice the Same Color." Although it nominally has 525 hor- izontal lines, a mere 483 "active" lines produce the picture; the rest carry auxiliary information. Moreover, NTSC is interlaced: only half of the lines are displayed on each pass. This creates a visible flicker when there are horizontal lines in the scene portrayed, so studios de- liberately reduce the resolution. Even with ideal reception, the reso- lution is roughly equivalent to that achievable with 330 to 350 lines. The PAL and SECAM standards are significantly better, but still no- ticeably imperfect. Developed about 15 years later than NTSC, they are used in much of the world outside North America and Japan. We thank the National Science Foundation (SES 8821529), and Carl Shapiro thanks the Consortium on Competition and Cooperation for financial support. Both authors are indebted to David Cooper and Kathryn Graddy at Princeton, Margaret Miller at Berkeley, and Sam Farrell for research assistance and to Stanley Besen, Peter Fannon, Richard Gilbert, Bronwyn Hall, Paul Klemperer, Richard Nelson, Roger Noll, Michael Riordan, Greg Rosston, Suzanne Scotchmer, and Larry Thorpe for helpful comments. -
Internationalization of the Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting System, ISDB-T from Development of the Transmission System to Its Adoption in Brazil
Internationalization of the Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting System, ISDB-T From development of the transmission system to its adoption in Brazil On June 29, 2006, the Brazilian government announced that it had chosen to use a digital terrestrial television broadcasting system based on Japanese Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T). This is the first time that the ISDB-T system had been chosen for Digital Terrestrial Television outside of Japan. The Brazilian government cited several reasons for choosing ISDB-T, including technical superiority, system flexibility, and promotional activities. This paper describes the development and standardization of ISDB-T in Japan and in ITU-R, as well as activities to promote the system internationally. We had thought that a multipath-proof technique would be necessary, from experience with terrestrial digital transmissions such as TELETEXT and FM multiplex broadcasting. Hence, we began studying orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) at the end of 1980's. This effort led to BST-OFDM (Band Segmented Transmission - OFDM), which is a major feature of ISDB-T. Since 1997, NHK Labs. and DTV-Lab. Co. had been studying a transmission system for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB). We jointly proposed the transmission system as a DTTB system to ARIB. The system was approved as the Japanese DTTB system in May, 1999. NHK Labs has also been working on setting international standards in ITU-R. Since 1992, we have contributed documents for DTTB to ITU-R. ISDB-T was approved as an ITU-R recommended system for DTTB in 2000. The Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG) was established in 1997 as an organization for international promotion of ISDB-T. -
Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 What's
Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 What’s New Adobe® Premiere® Pro CS6 Edit your way Edit professional productions with greater speed and precision in Adobe Premiere Pro CS6, the industry-leading cross-platform video editing software that comes with Adobe Encore® CS6 and Adobe Media Encoder CS6 software. Redesigned by and for editors, Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 software combines blazing performance with a sleek, highly intuitive and customizable user interface that lets you work the way you want to. Dynamic timeline trimming, Warp Stabilizer for smoothing uneven footage, Rolling Shutter Repair to correct wobble and skew, the revamped Three-Way Color Corrector effect, expanded multicam support, and a host of other powerful new features and enhancements simplify the editing workflow and help you meet the most challenging production deadlines. Get even more stunning performance from the Adobe Mercury Playback Engine with new support for OpenCL-based AMD GPUs on certain MacBook Pro computers and NVIDIA Maximus™ dual GPU- configurations. Open projects faster, scrub through HD and higher resolution footage more fluidly, and play back complex long-format and effects-heavy projects more reliably. In addition, the new GPU- Everything you need, accelerated uninterrupted playback feature lets you edit, trim, or adjust effects and correct color during everywhere you work playback, all in real time. Buy Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 as Work with multiple streams of content from virtually any source—from the latest mobile phones to 5K a standalone desktop application RAW footage. This release includes new native support for RED SCARLET-X, RED EPIC, and ARRI Alexa or as part of an Adobe Creative Cloud™ membership. -
7. Digital Terrestrial Transition and Use of Digital Distribution Methods
View other topics 7. DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TRANSITION AND USE OF DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION METHODS AT A GLANCE ~ The digital terrestrial transition has significant implications for community broadcasting. The principle of equitable access by community broadcasters to broadcasting frequency spectrum, INTRODUCTION which is underpinned by the need to promote media diversity, applies equally in the analogue and digital environments. KEY POLICY ISSUES States need to adapt their policy tools to protect space for ~ INTERNATIONAL community broadcasters in the new environment, taking STANDARDS into account the vast differences in the way they have gone about the digital transition. What is important is that all States RECOMMENDATIONS put in place appropriate arrangements to ensure that community broadcasters have access to and can afford digital distribution POLICY CHECKLIST opportunities. ~ In the radio sector, where the transition is far less advanced, consideration should be given to allowing community radios to continue to distribute using analogue transmitters for at least the short- to medium-term. ~ Digital broadcast transition is not just about how broadcasting signals are distributed; it also requires audiences to have digital receiving devices i.e. television and radio sets. ~ Consideration should also be given to providing technical and financial support, as needed, to community broadcasters to help them distribute their content online. INTRODUCTION The world is moving toward switching off analogue terrestrial transmission of broadcasting signals and replacing that with digital terrestrial transmission. In the television sector, many countries have already fully switched off analogue transmission and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has set 2020 as the deadline for all countries to switch over. -
Options of Enhanced Secam Tv Transmission System
Gofaizen O.V. (UKRAINE, UNIIRT) OPTIONS OF ENHANCED SECAM TV TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Introduction The questions of transition from analogue to digital TV in countries, using analogue TV SECAM transmission system are discussed in this report with consideration of its enhancement in accor- dance with conception of EQTV systems. The transition period is characterized with that in its beginning infrastructure and park of TV sets are analogue. At the beginning of transition period TV broadcasting is mainly analogue, and a number of digital TV sets is minimal, and apparently for a long time analogue and digital TV will co-exist. Simultaneously with implementation of digital TV analogue TV has to be supported and enhanced [1]. The issues of compatibility of new digital and old analogue TV are extremely important, and here the main consideration is attended to them. 1 The position of analogue enhanced quality television in the period of transition to digi- tal television We have to take into consideration that the main event of the present in television is the transition to digital TV. Nevertheless, this transition may continue in some countries for long time enough. All this depends on many factors – relationship between the cost of digital sets (tuners, set top boxes) and of analog ones, real term for change from analog to digital infrastructure and the affordablence of this change, purchasing power of viewers community, presence and condition of used equipment. It is quite possible, that in some coun- tries this transition would come in a quite short time, in others this transition would continue for decades.