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The Vegetation Communities Wet Eucalypt Forest and Woodland

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The Vegetation Communities Wet Eucalypt Forest and Woodland Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Wet eucalypt forest and woodland Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Wet eucalypt forest and woodland Community (Code) Page Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest (WBR) 6 Eucalyptus dalrympleana forest (WDA) 8 Eucalyptus delegatensis forest over Leptospermum (WDL) 10 Eucalyptus delegatensis forest over rainforest (WDR) 12 Eucalyptus delegatensis forest with broad-leaf shrubs (WDB) 14 Eucalyptus delegatensis wet forest (undifferentiated) (WDU) 16 Eucalyptus globulus King Island forest (WGK) 17 Eucalyptus globulus wet forest (WGL) 19 Eucalyptus nitida forest over Leptospermum (WNL) 21 Eucalyptus nitida forest over rainforest (WNR) 23 Eucalyptus nitida wet forest (undifferentiated) (WNU) 25 Eucalyptus obliqua forest over Leptospermum (WOL) 26 Eucalyptus obliqua forest over rainforest (WOR) 27 Eucalyptus obliqua forest with broad-leaf shrubs (WOB) 29 Eucalyptus obliqua wet forest (undifferentiated) (WOU) 31 Eucalyptus regnans forest (WRE) 32 Eucalyptus subcrenulata forest and woodland (WSU) 34 Eucalyptus viminalis wet forest (WVI) 36 General Description exist only in areas where many trees have died of old age and there has been no recruitment because Eucalypt forests and woodlands cover much of the of the absence of significant disturbance. Commonly Tasmanian landscape, with the greatest diversity of these “woodlands” occur as emergent Eucalyptus Eucalyptus species occurring in the south-east of the species over a rainforest canopy. In several of the State. Eucalyptus vernicosa is a dwarf shrub that may higher altitude woodland types, the woodland form be prominent in alpine heath, but most Eucalyptus may be due to natural disturbance, coupled with the species dominate wet forests, dry forests and mixed sparseness of seedling establishment. “Woodland” forests. Duncan and Brown (1985) broadly divided communities are not mapped where they are known wet and dry forests into shrubby, grassy, and sedgy to be a result of selective logging. forests. The wet eucalypt communities are relatively easily Most of the eucalypt forest communities on the distinguished by the dominant Eucalyptus species or TASVEG map were first defined for mapping in the the Eucalyptus species in the canopy, sometimes in studies leading to the Tasmanian Regional Forest combination with a description of the type of Agreement. Other communities have since been understorey. added to the mapping. Woodlands are included where the canopy is less than 50% solid crown Edition 2 of this manual includes refined cover. The wet eucalypt woodlands in many cases distributional information for wet forests. Revision Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark (Revised – May 2018) 1 mapping and the use of PI type data provided by References and further reading Forestry Tasmania has improved the differentiation Barnes, R.W., Duncan, F. and Todd, C.S. (2002) The in TASVEG 3.0 of wet forest dominated by Native Vegetation of King Island, Bass Strait. Nature Eucalyptus delegatensis, E. nitida and E. obliqua on Conservation Report 02/6. Nature Conservation Branch, the basis of understorey composition. In line with Resource Management and Conservation, Department of these improvements the descriptions for the generic Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Hobart. mapping units Eucalyptus delegatensis wet forest Battaglia, M. & Williams, K.J. (1996) Mixed species stands (undifferentiated) ( WDU), Eucalyptus nitida wet of eucalypts as ecotones on a water supply gradient. forest (undifferentiated) (WNU) and Eucalyptus Oecologia. 108, 518-528. obliqua wet forest (undifferentiated) (WOU) have been reduced and use of these codes discouraged in Corbett, S. (1995) Vegetation of the Central Plateau, favour of more specific TASVEG codes. Refer to the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Report, descriptions of WDU, WNU and WOU and the Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment Key to this section for assistance in the selection of and Land Management, Hobart. appropriate specific mapping units. Duncan, F. & Brown, M.J. (1985) Dry Sclerophyll Vegetation in Tasmania. Wildlife Division Technical Report General management issues 85/1 National Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania. The frequency of fires and intensity is a defining Duncan, F. & Johnson, K. (1995) Forest Botany Manual influence in wet eucalypt forests, with different types NCR 10B. Forest Practices Board and Forestry Tasmania, of fire affecting different parts of the forest (Wells Hobart. 1991). The infrequent high- intensity fires resulting in Duncan, F. & Packham, J. (1994) Forest Botany Manual a total reduction of the forest to an ash bed, NCR 9. Forest Practices Board and Forestry Tasmania, followed by mass seedbed germination, is a regime Hobart. to which many wet forest types are adapted. More Duncan, F. (1988) Tasmania’s Vegetation and its Response frequent but lower-intensity fires are now a more to Forest Operations. Working Paper No. 6, to the common regime, which may result in simplification Environmental Impact Statement on Tasmanian Woodchip of the understorey, the establishment of weeds, and Exports Beyond 1988. in extreme cases an understorey of pure bracken (Wells 1991). Duncan, F. (1999) Dry Sclerophyll Forests and Woodlands. In: Vegetation of Tasmania. Flora of Australia Forest harvesting is a major use of wet forest Supplementary Series Number 8 (Eds Reid, J.B., Hill, R.S., communities, with prescribed practice in lowland Brown, M.J. & Hovenden, M.J.), pp. 244–264, Australian wet forests of clearfell, burn and sow (Hickey et al. Biological Resources Study. 2001). The effects of this practice have been Forest Practices Authority (2005) Forest Botany Manual. extensively studied and documented (for example Forest Practices Authority, Hobart, Tasmania. Duncan 1988, Hickey et al. 2001, Hickey & Savva 1992). In recent years, there has been an increasing Forest Practices Board Annual Report (2002-2003) move towards clearing after logging and replacement Hobart. Tasmania. with silvicultural plantations. Wet eucalypt forest Gilbert, J.M. (1959) Forest Succession in the Florentine communities have been the most extensively Valley, Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal cleared forest types in recent years: 56 000 hectares Society of Tasmania. 93, 129–151. were cleared between 1996 and 2003 (Forest Harris, S (1987) The vegetation of Kentford Forest State Practices Board Annual Report 2002-2003). Reserve, King Island. The Tasmanian Naturalist. 88, 1–7. Wet forests are generally resilient to weed invasion; Hickey, J.E. (1994) A Floristic comparison of vascular however in areas that have been disturbed or on species in Tasmanian oldgrowth mixed forest with forest edges, species such as Elisha’s tears regeneration resulting from logging and wildlife. Australian (Leycesteria formosa), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), Journal of Botany. 42, 383–404. gorse (Ulex europaeus), English broom (Cytisus Hickey, J., Neyland, M.G. & Bassett, O.D. (2001) Rationale scoparius) and foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) may be and Design for the Warra Silvicultural Systems Trial in invasive (Wells 1991). Wet Eucalyptus obliqua Forests in Tasmania. Tasforests. 13(2). Forestry Tasmania. Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark (Revised – May 2018) 2 Hickey, J.E. & Savva, M.H. (1992) The extent, regeneration and growth of Tasmanian lowland mixed forest. Report, Forestry Commission, Tasmania. Kirkpatrick, J.B. (1999) Grassy Vegetation and Subalpine Eucalypt Communities, In: Vegetation of Tasmania. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series Number 8 (Eds Reid, J.B., Hill, R.S., Brown, M.J. & Hovenden, M.J.), pp. 265–285, Australian Biological Resources Study. Kirkpatrick, J.B., Barker, P., Brown, M.J., Harris, S. & Mackie, R. (1995) The Reservation Status of Tasmanian Vascular Plant Communities. Wildlife Scientific Report 95/4. Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania. Kirkpatrick, J.B., Peacock, R. J., Cullen, P.J. & Neyland, M.G. (1988) The Wet Eucalypt Forest of Tasmania. Tasmanian Conservation Trust Inc., Hobart. Neyland, M.G. (2001) Vegetation of the Warra silvicultural systems trial. Tasforests. 13(2), 183–192. Forestry Tasmania, Tasmania. North, A., Johnson, K., Ziegler, K., Duncan, F., Hopkins, K., Ziegeler, D., & Watts, S. (1998) Flora of Recommended Areas for Protection and Forest Reserves in Tasmania. Reserve Reports, Summary and Volumes 1–7. Forest Practices Board, Forestry Tasmania, and Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania. Reid, J.B. & Potts, B.M. (1999) Eucalypt Biology. In: Vegetation of Tasmania. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series Number 8 (Eds Reid, J.B., Hill, R.S., Brown, M.J. & Hovenden, M.J.), pp. 198–223, Australian Biological Resources Study. Wells, P. & Hickey, J. (1999) Wet sclerophyll, mixed and swamp forest. In: Vegetation of Tasmania. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series Number 8 (Eds Reid, J. B., Hill, R. S., Brown, M. J. & Hovenden, M. J.), pp. 224–243, Australian Biological Resources Study. Wells, P. (1991) Wet Forests. In: Tasmanian Native Bush; A Management Handbook (Ed Kirkpatrick, J.B.), pp. 35–53, Tasmanian Environment Centre Inc., Hobart. Williams, K.J. & Potts, B.M. (1996) The natural distribution of Eucalyptus species in Tasmania. Tasforests. 8, 39–165. Forestry Tasmania, Tasmania Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark (Revised – May 2018) 3 Key to Wet eucalypt forest and woodland Page 1 Dominated by Eucalyptus brookeriana* Eucalyptus brookeriana wet forest (WBR) 6 1 Dominated by Eucalyptus dalrympleana Eucalyptus
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