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Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki

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Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki 14 Introduction conditions. Especially suited to saline winds. This This information sheet follows on from the information species holds its form, mills extremely well at a young sheet, ‘Eucalyptus’ (No.13), which discusses general age, and is largely unaffected by pests and diseases. management issues such as siting, selecting tree stocks, Eucalyptus nitens shining gum E. nitens is more tolerant planting regimes, silviculture, establishment, weed to wet sites and is suited to planting in all damper sites control, planting technique, fertiliser requirements, and that E. fraxinoides won't tolerate, for example, low lying pest and disease control. damper areas along streambanks and on hillsites affected by springs. It is also equally suited to drier As no one species of eucalypt will thrive over the range 'fraxinoides' sites. Generally, E. nitens is suited to of sites in a similar manner to Pinus radiata, selecting the planting in soils that are a bit damper than pine will most suitable species for a particular site is of critical tolerate. Furthermore, the tree has good form, a fast importance. Species selection is just as important, if not growth rate, and is resistant to cold. It has a good more, than issues associated with their subsequent reputation for milling and exceptional peeling management. properties (better than radiata pine), although more trial work on drying properties is required. E. nitens A lack of objective, accessible, practical local knowledge used to be affected by the paropsis tortoise beetle and experience of eucalypt growing in Taranaki makes (Paropsis charybdis), but since that beetle has been it difficult for people seeking advice on correct species controlled, the species is largely free of pest and disease to plant. This is compounded when considering the problems. wide range of individual mature trees scattered around the region’s landscape, outdated and/or inappropriate Shelter written material on species selection, and the The most appropriate species suited to shelter planting introduction of new pests and diseases that now affect are also E. fraxinoides and E. nitens. In the past, species that were once suitable. E.botryoides has been recommended for planting in coastal saline situations and in very wet ground. This information sheet sources local knowledge of However, E. eucalypt growing in Taranaki, and advises on what botryoides is now have proven to be reliable species in different climatic very susceptible to zones found within the region. It also identifies more sawfly, ophilemus specific site requirements for the species advocated, and and lacy leaf lerp. what species are most suited to different purposes, ie, shelter, timber and aesthetics. Those insects are killing some trees Extreme Coastal in places The extreme coastal marine immediately adjacent to the throughout foreshore is not recommended for eucalypt planting. Taranaki. Parasites for This area is extremely exposed and resources would almost certainly be wasted if establishment was sawfly and lacy leaf lerp are attempted. Hardy natives, such as flax and toetoe should be considered instead. established in NZ and are and Saline Wind-Run - Exposed effective as a means of control. It should also be noted that this This area extends from the South Taranaki Coast species is also no longer considered suitable due to (including a narrow belt commencing near Waverley) to recent evidence of trees displaying non-resistance to salt Stratford, and around to Oakura. It also includes a wind in this region. narrow 1 km belt that continues north from Oakura, widening to 7-8 km wide at Tikorangi, and narrowing Eucalyptus johnstonii Tasmanian alpine yellow gum again through to North Taranaki. This species is used for coastal shelter in Southland and is likely to be suited to this purpose in Taranaki, Timber species although hasn't been trialled extensively. E. johnstonii Eucalyptus fraxinoides white mountain ash E. fraxinoides tolerates any amount of frost and in some areas it has prefers well drained sites, although appears to tolerate been grown successfully on wetter soils for shelter. The ordinary winter wet soils. It tolerates frost and windy timber is reputed to be dense and ground-durable. 1 Saline Wind-Run -- more sheltered sites Eucalyptus pilularis blackbutt This species has excellent heavy duty durable timer Timber species properties and is most suited to sheltered warmer sites Eucalyptus fastigata brown barrel within the saline coastal wind-run zone, especially in E. fastigata possesses the best milling and drying North Taranaki and in South Taranaki. It is only properties of the ash group. It is the best timber species moderately frost tolerant, therefore, siting must take for Taranaki and was grown on a large scale here, and this factor into account. Best growth has been obtained milled for flooring purposes until the resource ran out. on well-drained north facing slopes with reasonably Recent work has proved that E. fastigata can grow more deep soils, but it has performed well on a range of soil larger logs/ha than P. radiata, ie higher volumes of types. It has demonstrated tolerance to lower soil sawlogs. This species is suited to deep volcanic soils, phosphate levels than radiata pine, provided it is given but not sticky clays or coastal sites. It displays fast a good boost of nitrogen and phosphorus at the time of vigorous growth on good soils. Although it does best in planting to get it successfully established. Plants grown more sheltered sites, such as behind trees, or in a gully, in root trainers are more preferable for planting. E. E. fastigata does not require complete shelter. For best pilularis is probably the best milling eucalypt species results, it is advised to locate this planted in New Zealand. species where it will not be Provenance is very important, affected by the worst winds therefore, planting stock should experienced in a given location. E. be carefully selected. fastigata has proved to be the healthiest eucalypt in New Eucalyptus pyrocarpa Zealand, and reaches its optimal pear-fruited blackbutt height of around 65m in E. pyrocarpa was originally Taranaki. Its only faults are large listed as a variant of E. pilularis, branching that occurs at wider but is now considered a separate spacings, and damage by species. This species is closely rhinoceros beetle that related to E. pilularis and is occasionally occurs when planted showing promise on sheltered near native bush inhabited by this sites within the saline wind-run beetle. zone in Taranaki. It is more wind tolerant and provides better Eucalyptus obliqua messmate timber yields than E. pilularis. E. obliqua has not been Provenance and selection of researched well in Taranaki, but planting stock is once again very has displayed good results. This important. species is suited to some of the more sheltered sites in the saline Eucalyptus laevopinea wind-run zone. It is suited to silvertop stringybark planting on rich clay-loam soil E. laevopinea is another types, and has proved especially stringybark. In its natural habitat useful in areas that experience a Eucalyptus microcorys (tallow- the tree has good form, wood) being trialled by a farm warm dry summer. It has good producing a light brown timber forestry enthusiast timber properties and is generally of moderate strength and straight grained and easily split, however, care is durability suitable for general building purposes. This needed in drying, especially in hot dry weather. The species is showing promise in Taranaki and is suited to timber has a wide range of end uses. planting in sheltered sites, away from full wind exposure, within the saline wind-run zone. One of its Eucalyptus regnans mountain ash most valuable attributes is its tolerance to frost. E. E.regnans is the world's tallest hardwood species. laevopinea is the most site tolerant of the stringybark Because it is prone to Barrons Road Dieback, this group and the most rapid growing. In Australia is has species should only be planted where few alternatives the best reputation for timber properties of the exit. Regnans is also particularly sensitive in terms of stringybark group. site. as with many other eucalypts, it seems to benefit from being mix planted with pine. It is a species High ringplain needing cool temperatures and fertile but not The high ringplain area can be considered to include necessarily friable soils. It dislikes acid clays, coastal areas above Inglewood, around the Wiremu Road, and sites and long periods of drought. In drying trials, this other similar altitudes that experience higher than species has not performed as well as E. fastigata. average rainfall and colder temperatures. Species suited 2 Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki Sustainable Land Management Programme to planting in these areas are quite or in locations exposed to wind. limited, although if a site is free Belongs to the Ash timber group. draining the following species are suited: Eucalyptus oliqua messmate Eucalyptus regnans mountain ash Eucalyptus fastigata brown barrel These two species are also described This species is moderately tolerant above and are suitable for planting in of wetness and wind exposure, the hill country, although should be therefore, is most suited to the considered second choice to E. lower portion of the upper fastigata, E. fraxinoides, and E. nitens. ringplain. Keep E.obliqua away from ridge tops. Eucalyptus fraxinoides Eucalyptus laevopinea white mountain ash silvertop stringybark This species tolerates rain, but not Described above. Keep away from wet soil conditions. It has done well most wind exposed sites and wetter on exposed sites on the upper than normal soils. Moderate exposure Taranaki ringplain. to wind is OK. This species has very good timber properties and is durable. This stringybark is closely Eucalyptus nitens shining gum related to E. muelleriana (see below), a yellow This species will tolerate wetter soil conditions than E.
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