1959 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORB- HOUSE 7761 shall be observed as a national holiday; to PRIVATE BILLS AND · RESOLUTIONS (all the adopted sons of Grady R. Leach, now the Committee on the Judiciary. residing in Okinawa); to the Committee on Also, memorial of the Rhode Island Gen­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the Judiciary. eral Assembly memorializing Congress with bills and resolutions were introduced and respect to raising the allowable income for severally referred as follows: persons receiving less than the maximum· amount under the Social Security Act; to By Mr. BOGGS: PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 7033. A bill for the relief of Jack the Committee on Ways and Means. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ Darwin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. lature of the State of California, memorial­ . By Mr. CHAMBERLAIN: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk izing the President and the Congress of the H.R. 7034. A bill for the relief of Torno and referred as follows: United States relative to requesting Congress Vidmar; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DIGGS: 179. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the to enact Senate bill 910; to the Committee president, Capital Unit No. 9, American Le­ on Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 7035. A bill for the relief of Hattie and Joseph Patrick, Sr., and for the legal gion Auxiliary, Salc:n, Oreg., petitioning Also, memorial of the Legislature of the consideration of their resolution with refer­ State of Florida, memorializing the Presi­ guardian of Betty Ann Smith and the legal dent and the Congress of the United States guardian of Stanley Smith, and for the legal ence to requesting favorable action on to provide sUfficient funds for commence­ guardian of James E. Harris, Jr.; to the S. 1138, a bill to extend education and train­ ment of construction of the Cross Florida Committee on the Judiciary. ing benefits to veterans who enter military Barge Canal at the earliest possible time; By Mr. DORN of New York: service from February 1, 1955, and as long. to the Committee on Appropriations. H .R. 7036. A bill for the relief of William as the draft shall continue; to the Commit­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the J. Barbiero; to the Committee on the Judi­ tee on Veterans' Affairs. State of Rhode Island, memorializing the ciary. 180. Also, petition of James Dukas, presi­ President and the Congress of the United By Mr. KASTENMEIER: dent of Edwardsville Amusement Corp., States to enact Senate bill 925, dealing with H .R. 7037. A bill for the relief of Carl J. Kingston, Pa., relative to further informa­ Fisher, captain, U.S. Army, retired; to the the Immigration and Nationality Act; to the tion designed to expedite the cases of Ed­ Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. wardsville Amusement Corporation v. Mono· Also, memorial of the Legislature of the By Mr. LANE: State of Wisconsin, memorializing the H.R. 7038. A bill for the relief of the estate gram Distributing Corporation, and Edwards­ President and the Congress of the United of Oshiro Shako; to the Committee on the ville Amu~ement Corporation v. 20th Cen­ States to acquire, establish and develop a Judiciary. tury Fox Film Corporation, now pending in Kettle Moraine National Park in Wisconsin· By Mr. WRIGHT: the U.S. District Court for the Middle Dis­ to the Committee on Interior and Insula~ H.R. 7039. A bill for the relief of Benjamin trict of Pennsylvania, Scranton, Pa; to the Affairs. Leach, Diogr~cias Leach, and Rogelio Leach Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The Festival of Jeanne d'Arc strength and purity of purpose of the Washington, France has occupied a spe­ Maid of Orleans raised the spirits of the cial place in the hearts of Americans. EXTENSION OF REMARKS French troops from the depth of defeat Gratitude for French assistance in time to the height of victory. of need has been supplemented by a com­ OF The qualities which made Jeanne mon devotion to liberty, democracy, and HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER d'Arc an inspiring leader are ones which the rights of individuals. Today the. OF NEW YORK will always be needed in times of na­ alliance of France and the United States tional crisis and which are essential in under the North Atlantic Treaty is essen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the free world today. One of these qual­ tial to the maintenance of the ideals of Thursday, May 7, 1959 ities is humility, the maintenance of a liberty, justice, equality, and democracy Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, tomor­ modest sense of one's own significance which our two countries hold so dear. row, May 8, marks the anniversary of in relation to the rest of the world. An­ It is my hope that our bonds with France that glorious day in history when a other is religious faith, belief that there will not only be continued but that they young maiden, guided by noble visions, is a divine will and a sincere attempt to will be expanded and strengthened in led 10,000 men of France to victory over follow this will. A third such quality is the years to come, and that NATO will experienced English troops at Orleans. a sense of mission and wholehearted be expanded from a military alliance The story of that young woman, Jeanne dedication to a cause which one believes into a means for increasing cultural, d'Arc, told and retold in literature, is worthy. Courage, purity, and patri­ economic, and politicals ties as well. On drama, poetry, and art, has been a source otism were other qualities which have this day celebrating the festival of of inspiration to thousands ever since. made Jeanne d'Arc a heroine to peoples Jeanne d'Arc, let us dedicate ourselves The Festival of Jeanne d'Arc, celebrated of all countries. to strengthening these ties so that we tomorrow by the people of France, brings It is France and the people of French can be sure that the great tradition of to mind the qualities of Jeanne d'Arc descent in this country who are especial­ liberty shared by France and America which have made her memory endure for ly remembered on this anniversary of will never be obliterated but will reach more than five centuries, and the equally the victory at Orleans. Many of the ever greater heights of realization. endurable bond between France and the first settlers of this country came from United States. France, and since 1820 more than 600,000 Jeanne d'Arc was a humble but deeply additional men and women have jour­ religious shepherdess who loved France neyed from France to make their home Essential That H.R. 3460 Be Passed as and was distressed by France's occupa­ in the United States. Moreover some Reported tion by foreign troops, its economic 270,000 French-speaking people who crisis, and the prevailing indecision were born in Canada are now living in EXTENSION OF REMARKS about the right of uncrowned Charles this country. In our neighbor to the VII to rule. Guided by visions which as­ north almost a third of the people are OF sured her of Charles' right to rule and of French origin, and the flourishing HON. CHESTER BOWLES commanded her to expel the enemy, French culture in some localities there OF CONNECTICUT is a source of delight to all American Jeanne convinced the Prince of her di­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vinely inspired mission. She was placed visitors. We are grateful for the great in command of 10,000 men and led them contributions in many spheres of life Thursday, May 7, 1959 to the dramatic and impressive victory which have been made to our country Mr. BOWLES. Mr. Speaker, under at Orleans, resulting in the liberation of by its citizens of French origin. leave to extend my remarks, I wish to large portions of French territory and Ever since Lafayette came to the aid include the following comments on H.R. the coronation of Charles as King. The of the Continental Army led by George 3460, the bill now before the House. 7762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 7 I think it is highly important that operative associations in 46 ·states. attempts to treat all groups with fair­ this bill be passed by this body as re­ These cooperatives serve farms and ness. We ·have a Government, thank ported from the Committee on Public other enterprises in rural areas which God, which is for all of the people, and w·orks. do not have electric service. By law in my Sm..all way I will help to keep it The exhaustive study given to this pro­ they cannot serve anyone who already that way. posal by the Public Works Committee has- central station service. In other . I believe that there is a place for both fully supports the bill in its present form words, they cannot take business away public and private power and I would without amendments. To adopt re­ from anyone. not favor reducing ·the activities of strictive amendments now to prevent If serving these farms and other en­ either. I believe we have a stronger TVA from issuing effective revenue bonds terprises offered an opportunity to make America because we have both forms of in the private money market for fi­ a profit, the private companies would organization. For many years growth of nancing future . power generation fa­ have brought their lines to them and private and public power has been par­ cilities would be highly obstructive. thereby eliminate the need for REA allel and one has not been reduced by There is no question in my mind, Mr. service. the other. Speaker that TVA is known the world As you know, the rural electric coop­ around as the single, most imaginative eratives do repay their loans to the Gov­ American contribution to resource de­ ernment with interest, and their loan velopment in the last quarter century. repayment record is unequalled. It is Why the Kremlin WiU Not Disarm All over the world people are trying to better than the record made by any other emulate and adapt TVA for their own Federal lending agency. economic growth. It is · true that the interest rate at 2 EXTENSION OF REMARKS It is one of the supreme ironies of the percent is low. Congress has seen fit to OF day that this administration proclaims maintain that rate of interest to make HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY its enthusiasm for economic develop­ possible the serving of all people who ment projects abroad while it does require service. Many of them live in OF MINNESOTA everything in its power to undercut remote areas where costs of service run IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES TVA here at home. high. It is estimated that about half Thursday, May 7, 1959 Not one cent has been appropriated to of the rural consumers do not pay their start new generation facilities for TVA in own way; the other half have to make up Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I the last 6 years. We have been told the difference. ask unanimous consent to have printed from the other end of .Pennsylvania The rural electric cooperatives do not in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the text Avenue that TVA should raise all the provide unfair competition to the pri­ of a very interesting article on disarma­ money it needs by issuing bonds. So vate companies. In fact, they provide a ment by Mr. CHESTER BOWLES, Repre­ now we have a second supreme irony. good market for privately generated sentative from Connecticut, former Gov­ The bill before us would enable TVA power. In 1956, REA borrowers pur­ ernor of that great State, and former to do just what the administration says chased 49 percent of their power from Ambassador to India from the United it should do, but now spokesmen for the private power companies. In Iowa they States. The article appeared in the administration are trying to amend this purchased 82.4 percent of their energy magazine section of the New York Times bill out of existence. from private power companies. This of April 19, 1959. Mr. Speaker, every power company has meant good business for the power Mr. BowLES discusses the reasons why in the United States knows that it must companies. The REA estimates that it would be in the interest of the Soviet maintain new investment in plants on rural electric cooperatives will buy a bil­ Union to enter into disarmament agree­ a continuing basis to keep its facili­ lion dollars' worth of appliances and ments with the United States and other ties in line with increasing demand for chore equipment in 1959. This means nations. He also suggests the factors power. If TVA can obtain neither ap­ good business for the electrical industry. which, nevertheless, make it difficult for propriations nor effective authority to the Kremlin leaders to take ·precisely raise money by selling bonds, the long If the 2-percent rate of interest to rural electric cooperatives is considered those steps which it is in their interest term efforts of those who have always to take. opposed TVA will finally be successful. to be a preferential rate, I think it is only fair to consider certain benefits that In view of the timeliness and the im­ It takes at least 3 years to plan and portance of the disarmament question, construct a large generating facility for the Federal Government grants to the private power companies. this analysis of "Why the Kremlin Will TVA. If the people of the Tennessee Not Disarm," should be of value to every Valley and the United States at large Quick reference to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of June 19, 1957, shows that the Member of Congress, the administration, are not to be deprived of the extraor­ and the public as well. dinary range of benefits which TVA Office of Defense Mobilization granted There being no objection, the· article has given us over the years in terms of accelerated depreciation certificates to electric power companies in an amount was ordered to be printed in the REc­ power, flood control, navigation and ORD, as follows: water supply, I believe it is esse~tial that that exceeded $3.3 billion during the pe­ H.R. 3460 be passed as reported. riod 1950 through May 1, 1957. In Iowa, WHY THE K REMLIN WILL NOT DISARM the amount certified totaled $31.8 mil­ (By CHESTER BOWLES) lion, or nearly 10 percent of the U.S. WASHINGTON .-Negotiations on suspension total during the same time. of nuclear-bomb tests have been resum ed at This, in effect, gives the companies in­ Geneva. Within a month, the Foreign Min­ The Rural Electrification Administration isters Conference will conven e in the same terest free loans and results in enormous city. Presumably, it will be followed by a EXTENSION OF REMARKS financial benefits. I do not believe any­ summit meeting. OF one could deny that these benefits are All three conferences will be watched in­ subsidies. tently for any sign of a possible brea k in HON. LEONARD G. WOLF An estimate of the subsidy benefits the n early 15-year deadlock on d isarmament. OF IOWA that will accrue to various companies Discouraged and facing an apparent im­ passe, the world wonders whether anyth ing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for accelerated depreciation that was certified between 1950 and May 1957, has effective can still be done to escape from Thursday, May 7, 1959 the vicious circle of the arms race. been made in Washington. According Clearly, an agreement on a test suspension Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ to this estimate, six Iowa companies will alone would not reduce armaments. It dent saw fit to veto the REA bill. I am benefit in the amount of $47.8 million could, however, be an invaluable preceden t happy to count myself among those who during the normal depreciation period of for further advances if agreement were voted to override this veto. most of the utilities' facilities. · reached on a control system. Yet the Soviet I wish to make a brief statement of I am not attempting to make a point Union has insisted on a veto power over my views regarding the Rural Electrifi­ every operating phase of the complex control that one group is favored more or less system needed to supervise a. nuclear test cation Administration. than another, but I do want to empha­ ban. The Kremlin knows that no American The REA is a Federal lending agency size that our Government is not helping Government could agree to such a veto. On which loans funds to local nonprofit co- one group to the exclusion of others. It its face, then, the Soviet posit ion su ggests 1959 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD - -HOUSE '7'763 that the Russian leaders do not want ·a and released peace doves·. Yet, on the nego­ estimates o! Soviet intentions can bt! based workable agreement. tiat'ing level, they have failed consistently to .only· on guesswork,· we must be prepared for Why do they not press !or a sweeping dis­ come up with positive~ workable ·proposals. any eventuality. To accomplisb. this, it armament program? There are two potent .Why? seems to me, our policy must be threefold: -reasons why they should do so: First, the The fir.st answer is given by a group, con­ L Wa must prepare for · the worst--that Soviet Union could divert military expendi­ sisting largely of professional military men Russia is determined not only to dominate tures to consumer production with imme­ . (but ,by no means representing_a cross-sec­ ·the world but to do it by force.- diate advantage at home and abroad. Sec­ tion of military opinion), that takes a nar­ As long as the Soviet Union refuses to ond, according to Kremlin dogma, the capi­ row and cataclysmic view. Their argument negotiate a meaningful disarmament agree­ talist West is largely dependent on.its arma­ holds that the Soviet refusal to come to ment, authoritative studies like the Gaither ment industries for continued. prosperity. grips with the disl:mnament issue is proof Committee and Rockefeller Brothers reports As for the first reason, something like· 22 that the single, unalterable objective of t~e provj.de .a persuasive case for an immediate percent of the Soviet Union's productive .soviet ·Union is to. dominate the world by · strengthening of the American military posi­ energies is now allocated to the military. force. tion. They particularly emphasize the need With a gro:ss national product of about $190 Lenin, they remind us, put it coldly and for expanded ground forces, capable of fight­ billion, this is equivalent to some $40 billion clearly: "The prolonged existence of the ing locali-zed wars in any -part of the world, annually. A . general disarmame.nt agree­ Soviet Republic side by side with imperialist ·with air transport that could bring troops ment would enable the Kremlin planners to states is unthinkable. One or the other swiftly into action. divert most of this vast sum to other activi- must triumph in the end. And before that In addition, Senator STUART SYMINGTON . ties that would enormously strengthen the end supervenes, a series of frightful collisions and others hr..ve convincingly underscored Soviet position. between the Soviet Republic and the bour­ the need for a -sharp acceleration in the de­ Inside the Soviet Union, massive attacks geois states is inevitable." velopment and production of missiles, in the could be launched on the grave housing Once the Kremlin decides that it has a light of dramatic new Soviet accomplish­ shortage. Within 10 or 15 years, urban and decisive advantage it -- will order an attack. ments in this field. rural slums could be wiped out in much of Negotiations, in the meantime, are designed There are two reasons why the adminis­ the country. solely to soften us for the kill. tration and Congress should consider these The production of Soviet automobiles and At the other extreme lies a group that gives proposals. On the one hand, we are helpless other consumer goods could be expanded a second answer. Idealistic to the point of to do otherwise. Those observers who assert rapidly. Showplaces could be created to awe being utopian, these people expect the best that Soviet reluctance seriously to consider and impress foreign visitors with the accom­ from all mankind, even from those who set disarmament is proof that the Kremlin plans plishments of communism. Soviet policy. Sensitive to our genuine a war at a time and place of its own choosing · Simultaneously, the Kremlin could launch ·shortcomings, they find the answer to the may, in fact, be correct. In the absence of . a heavily subsidized export offensive to un­ disarmament impa.ese in the defects of Amer.­ better. evidence to the contrary, we cannot -dercut the trading position of the capitalist · ican policy. The Kremlin has not accepted afford to take chances . -powers in the underdeveloped continents . disarmament, they hold, because we have not On the other hand, if Soviet reluctance to and, indeed, in Europe itself. Typewriters, tried h ard enough. disarm is based on a wider variety of factors, automobiles, trucks, and other equipment· I suspect, however, that the real explana­ there is an outside chance that our decision could be priced to undersell American, Brit­ tion is far more complicated. The forces at to match the Kremlin missile for missile ish, French, and German goods by 30, 40, work on disarmament policy within the So­ might help to persuade the Russian leaders or 50 percent. Communism, Mr. Khrushchev viet Union are necessarily matters of guess­ that the race has become· too expensive and never ceases to tell us, would surely win any work, but war and peace may ultimately too dangerous, and that a major relaxation headon test in peaceful competition. hang on the outcome of these guesses. I of the arms competition would be in their As for the second reason for Russia to am convinced that an explanation of pres­ interest. ent Soviet behavior must also include these press for disarmament, the Communists as­ 2. At the same time, -we must call the sert that as American armament industries factors: Russians' bluff by demonstrating convinc­ ~ closed down, unemployment would rise, and 1. A genuine fear among the Soviet lead­ ingly to the world that a step-up in our ers of the very forces which they them­ purchasing power would dry up. Rapidly ~ilitary programing is no more than a spreading depression would- lead to bank­ selves have brought into being-a resurgent, logical response to an impasse created by ruptcies, privation and bitter political dif­ armed Germany; NATO, and the worldwide the Kremlin-that we are willing and anx­ ferences which would hasten the collapse American nuclear base system. ious to negotiate large-scale disarmament. 2. Their 650 million dynamic, land-hun­ of capitalism and the coming of the Com- This suggests the need for an immediate . munist triumph. gry Chinese neighbors who seem likely sooner or later to .bid for leadership of the Com­ and searching. reexamination of the uncer­ Although this Marxist analysis greatly tainties in our position. It is common . overstates our problem, even' the most con­ munist mov~ment. 3. The extent to which the Soviet leaders knowledge that there are deep divisions firmed of us capitalists must agree that a within the administration on .what we major reduction in armament spending would themselves are victims of the Russian tradi­ tion of secrecy, and the relative advantages should do. Although the State Department create substantial difficulties for American . recently has appeared anxious for genuine industry. secrecy genuinely gives them in an arma­ ments race with our more open society. negotiations, the Pentagon and the Atomic True, if Congress cut taxes drastically, Energy Commission have been allowed to billions of dollars could be diverted from 4 . Policy hesitations and conflicting pl'es­ ·Government armament purchases· to the ·sures--differences, for instances, within the ~ snipe at this policy in public and to under­ cut it behind the scenes. · bank accounts of consumers- and business­ ·communist Party and between it and the m('ln, most of whom would spend their ·armed forces-which may limit the Krem- The White House · could do much to per- windfalls on immediate family purchases or lin's freedom of action as similar differences _suade skeptics of our sinceri1iy, both at for job-creating expansion. limit our Government's. home and abroad, by affirming its own Substantial sums could also be appro­ Finally, I · would add· my personal guess vigorous support of our official position at . priated to meet the needs of the· neglected that one of the primary factors that may be Geneva, and by cracking down on thm:e members. of its administration who oppose -areas of domestic national interest--housing, causing the Kremlin second thoughts about it. - ' roads, urban renewal, hospitals, schools, and disarmament can be summed up in the one many others. In addition, we could sharply -word "Hungary." Following the relaxation The Geneva negotiations, moreover, relate expand our now inadequate economic aid in tensions after the Big Four meeting in to only one small aspect of the arms race. programs to Asia, Africa, and Latin America ·Geneva in 1955, a sense of possibility spread Where would we be if the Soviet Union · and thereby lay the basis for an expanding throughout the Communist empire, erupt- should suddenly follow the logic of taking export trade. ·ing in the upheaval in Poland-and the revolt an affirmative interest in arms control, and Yet the current political atmosphere in in Hungary. confront us with workable proposals to ac­ the United States makes it questionable As the Kremlin saw the raw temper of the complish what we have said we wanted all · whether these decisive steps would, in fact, suppressed people in Eastern Europe so furi­ along-that is, broad-scale disarmament af­ be taken with the necessary swiftness. And ously expressed, it must have been pro­ fecting all , weapons and strictly limiting even if they· were, many months of difficult ·f-oundly shaken by the possibility- that in a military manpower? · adjustment would have to pass before their more relaxed and disarming world its empire If our Government has a clear, depend­ effects were felt. In the meantime, our would disintegrate. able, negotiable policy in regard to such Soviet competitors-with the speed available For the Soviet l-eaders, therefore, any disarmament, no one knows what it is. The only to a totalitarian system-would be genuine moderation of the cold war must be fact that the Soviet Union is unlikely to opening up new markets, pushing us out of a. terrifying thing, something that any present such proposals does not excuse our old ones and impressing millions of visitors totalitarian state would approach with su­ own failure to think through the admittedly from all over the world with the physical preme hesitation, for it would mean the difficult requirements and to develop a re­ accomplishments of communism. abandonment of the unifying fears that alistic, balanced peace program that we can On both these counts the Soviet Union have helped to hold the Soviet Union to­ press steadily and constructively before the appears to have every reason to work for a gether, and the opening of the secret state. world. · "broad disarmament pact. The Russian lead­ Under the circumstances, what ought we To what extent, for instance, has a . ers have issued broadsides, waved banners to do? The answer is difficult. Since our rampant military technology modified the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE positions which Harold Stassen took at Lon­ pared to stand is a national responsibillty we my sincere good wishes for a close aild pros­ don in 1957? Is every element in our far­ cannot ignore or postpone. pering relationship in an enterprise of bene­ flung base system as important now as it At best, policymaking in our revolutionary fit to both our countries. May the Chamber was before the creation of the intercon­ century involves a delicate balancing of risks. flourish as an efficient instrument of cooper­ tinental ballistic missiles and nuclear sub­ Although there is no sure, no safe course, the ation between the United States and Ger- marines? The political, as well as budg­ policy of doing nothing as the arms race many. etary, price which we are paying for many mounts in intensity may be the most dan­ THEODOR HEUSS, of these bases is high. Political pressures gerous of all. President of the for us Yankees to go home are mounting in The great powers are now caught up in an Federal Republic oj Germany. Morocco and even in Spain. They are cer­ awesome, tragic circle. To break out requires tain to grow in Okinawa and elsewhere. both vision and vigor. But the price of run­ STATE OF NEW YORK, A realistic approach to disarmament must ning the arms race to its ultimate end is EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, also consider the position of the swaggering almost certain oblivion. - Next time, there Albany, ApriL 24, 1959. Chinese Communist Government in Peiping. will be not one Rome, but two Carthages. Mr. GORDON H. MICHLER, Let us refuse official recognition if we will, Chai1·man, German American Chamber of but let us not assume that we can substan­ Commerce Inc., New York, N.Y. tially and permanently ease the danger of DEAR MR. MICHLER: It is a great pleasure to nuclear war while disregarding the presence German American Chamber of Commerce, have the opportunity to extend my cordial on this planet of 650 million militant greetings to everyone present at the dinner Chinese. Inc. tendered by the German American Chamber 3. Finally, we must prepare for the best-­ of Commerce to representatives of German the possibility of eventual Russian willing- industry attending the meeting of the Inter- ness to disarm. · EXTENSION OF REMARKS national Chamber of Commerce. - This will call for a frank appraisal of the OF I regret that the pressure of official duties effect that any relaxation of the armament precludes my being present. Your dinner, race might have on our own economy. It HON. ALBERT H. BOSCH celebrating the first birthday of your com­ requires the hardest kind of study. OF NEW YORK bined and enlarged Chamber, is a significant Such a survey might be undertaken by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES occasion. It marks the growing ties of trade Joint Economic Committee of the Congress, and friendship which your organization is or by an agency or committee expressly set Thursday, May 7, 1959 steadily fostering between the West German up for the purpose. Teams of economic ex­ Mr. BOSCH. Mr. Speaker, on April Republic and this country. perts might be drawn from industry, the la­ To your guests representing West German 27, 1959, a very significant occasion was Government and industry, I should like to bor movement and our universities. celebrated in New York, the establish­ The study should consider, region by re­ express my admiration for the impressive eco­ gion, the extent of unemployment that would ment of the German American Cham­ nomic growth of West Germany. This sturdy result from a cut in arms production, the ber of Commerce, Inc. This came about new democraay stands as a notable symbol of nature and magnitude of corporate and per­ when the United States-German Cham­ progress and evidence of a free way of life sonal tax reductions that would be made ber of Commerce and the German­ that cannot be matched behind the Iron possible, and the anticipated impact of these American Trade Promotion Office were Curtain. Indeed, West Berlin has been tax reductions on corporate investment and called a golden thorn in the side of a ruth­ united. The celebration was in the form lessly regimented East German Communist consumer buying. It should explore the ex­ of a reception and dinner. ·tent to which expanded urban development, economy. housing, hospital, . school and roadbuild­ Under leave to extend my remarks, I My best wishes to your organization for all ing programs and oversea investment pro­ include a telegram to the chamber from possible future su.ccess in its important role grams could take up the slack, and the President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a tele­ of strengthening the many commercial and amount and type of unemployment compen­ gram from Hon. Theodor Heuss, Presi­ cultural bonds now linking our two free na­ sation that would be required for the transi­ dent of the Federal Republic of Ger:­ tions. tion period. sincerely, many, a letter from Hon. Nelson A. NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER, Many Americans will recoil iil dismay from Rockefeller, Governor of the State of an open discussion of the economic conse­ Governor. quences of disarmament. But, Karl Marx New York, and a speech delivered at the to the contrary, I believe that their fears are dinner by John J. McCloy, chairman, SPEECH GIVEN BY J:oHN J. McCLOY, CI:IAm­ grossly inflated. Although I do not suggest the Chase Manhattan Bank: MAN, THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, ON that the transition would be an easy one, THE WHITE HOUSE, APRIL 27, 1959, AT THE RECEPTION AND DIN­ I believe it could be made much more Washington, D.C., ApriL 24, 1959. NER SPONSORED BY THE GERMAN AMERICAN smoothly than many people think. Mr. GORDON W. MICHLER, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INC. . In 1945, as a member of the War Produc­ Care of German American Chamber of Com­ Ladies and gentlemen, it is a real honor tion Board, I participated . in planning our merce, New York, N.Y.: to be asked to help in officiating at this economic transition from war to peace. It is a pleasure to send greetings to the marriage, christening, or consummation of Within 18 months, we switched some 45 per­ members and guests of the German Amer­ marriage as this consolidation of the Ger­ cent of American industry from wartime ican Chamber of Commerce. The spectac­ man American Chamber of Commerce might production to that of peace, and absorbed . ular advancement of the German economy be called . . nearly 10 million men from our armed serv­ in recent years has impressed us all. Two This comes at a particularly propitious ices into our ci\'ilian economy. aspects of that development are particularly time. In the first place, it occurs while the To be sure, we had the advantage then of a significant. First, it is a product of many trade between the two countries is in real heavy backlog of war-accumulated demands individual efforts operating under a free vigor. Secondly it comes at a time when for housing, schools, and consumer durables. economy-a system which both our nations the general relations between the United But today the percentage of our economy held to be most productive for the mate­ States and Germany, the new Germany, are devoted to defense production is only one­ rial and social advancement of our peoples. in a particularly happy state. Thirdly, it fifth af what it was in 1945. As for our back­ On the other hand, on the national level, comes at a time when serious issues are log of unfilled needs, every mayor, city plan­ our citizens have accepted their responsi­ being tested-issues which will do much to ner, educator, highway engineer, hospital bility to the broader needs of the free world determine the future of Germany, of Eu­ superintendent, and sociologist knows that community. I am delighted to add my con­ rope, and the relations of the United States they are enormous. gratulations and best wishes to those busi­ to both. At such a time, it is well that we Once we decide the military and political nessmen whose work contributes so much to have an agency on a nongovernmental level, steps that we are prepared to take to lessen the living bonds of friendship which unite such as the German American Chamber, the present danger of war, and consider the people of the United States with their where German and American businessmen frankly the economic implications of this neighbors in the Federal Republic of Ger­ may advise each other and exchange ideas program within our own society, our position many. on the problems each face in their respec­ before the world will be unassailable. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. tive trade and business lives. To what extent, if at all, the Kremlin COMMON MARKET would be swayed by a new American initiative [Telegram sent by the President of the Fed­ With the establishment of the institution and a comprehensive American peace policy eral Republic of Germany to the German that we celebrate tonight, I also want to that considered the military, political, and American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.] refer to this phenomenon which prior economic aspects, no man can say. But this APRIL 27, 1959. speakers have spoken of, the new movement, is a fast-moving age, and one of infinite pos­ On this occasion marking the consolida­ now definitely under way, the integration of sibilities. Changes within the· Soviet Union tion of the· German American Trade promo­ Europe: have been considerable since Stalin's death. tion office and the United States-German We have heard much of the rise of Soviet The creation of a sound, practical, imagina­ Chamber of Commerce into the German power. We are now beginning to hear also tive American position on which we are pre- American Chamber of Commerce; I extend of the rise of Chinese power. Both these 1959 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE ~7765

developments have been unduly long 1n com­ _statesmanship and political statesmanship away the Eastern frontiers and we seriously ing. But - another postwar development . can find the answer to. I refer to the sharp talk about confederation of the Soviet dom­ . quite comparable with the combination of issues which are facing us in the:near future . inated DDR-whatever confederation such these forces, i! not even more significant, is It is unfortunate that at just this period we a circumstance means. the growth of European power tlu'ough this are compelled to res,rrange our forces and What I miss, is a statement of our maxi­ trend toward integration. our teams, so to speak, as we go forth to deal mum position. When the Soviets said they Here we have an area of somewhere be­ with these issues. The illness of Mr. Dulles would occupy West Berlin, it seems to me we tween 150 and 200 million people, over a means that we shall have lost at this critical should have immediately said we wish to million square miles and the center of most juncture, a man whose. Intellect, force, and reoccupy Saxony and Thuringia. That is of the world's technical and managerial skills, character have become almost a symbol of where our armies were when they were in not to mention its role as the great reposi­ the firmness of the free world and of the West Berlin, and when some Senator says tory of Western culture and art. A force in capacity to deal with the maneuvers-what­ we must get off dead center in respect to itself which, when integrated, is of such ever they may be-of the Communist offen­ our Berlin policy, it seems never to lie in dimension and potential strength that con­ sive. But at the same time we find Chan­ his mind that the center might possibly be tinued insistence upon the weakness of cellor Adenauer in the process of moving moved farther east. Not always farther Europe in relation to the strength of Russia, from his position where he has directed the west. There is not much space left in these -China, or the United States, is rapidly be­ day-to-day operations of German policy to days with the new speed tables in which to . coming quite artificial. the honored position of President of the Fed­ replace the center, if Europe is to remain _ Here is a force.with such power, moral, and eral German Republic, where, no doubt, his free. Disengagement is a pleasant word to material, that it need not bow to any accum­ influence will continue to be felt, but where roll around the mouth but it's not so pleas­ ulation of strength from any quarter of the his responsibilities will, of course, be less ant when we call it by its true name, with­ globe. To speak of its function in the de­ direct. Yet I do not see any change in the drawal. fense of the free world as no more than a direction of American or German policy re­ What disturbs me is that we strive to trip wire, as some of our strategists have sulting from either of these events. come forward with almost every conceivable called it, is to me one of the most fantastic Secretary Herter I know long and well position and suggest giving it away before concepts which I have ever heard in con- and his very selection together with the we ever reach the negotiating table. There _nection with defense matters-and I have undisturbed continuity of those in the State are a number of things, of course, that we heard of a good many in the course of mY Department, including Mr. Loy Henderson, could do at the table, but I don't like the experience. And at the core of this new who through the years have worked with idea of giving every intermediate position .strength is the new relationship which is Mr. Dulles and followed his leadership, is away before we even sit down. This is a developing between France and Germany. the best indication of the fact that the technique which never commended itself Both East and West are stirred by this new U.S. policy will be as steadfast as heretofore. to me in dealing with the Russians, though phenomenon, but without it, Europe would Moreover, whoever will be the next Chancel­ I think it is the experience of all those who be incapable of integration and would remain lor, I cannot believe that there will be any have dealt with the Russians. To meet this an anachronistic example of divided peoples fundamental change in German policy. Russian threat, and it is a threat, of course, ·and nations as out of date as the old city .Knowing him fairly well, I am reminded of from whatever angle you view it. It's a ·states. When this combined strength and this Scottish adage: wherever MacGregor sits, serious threat. is cultural leadership meshed in with the is the head of the table. There may be U.S. ECONOMY ·strength and the moral power of the western something of this on the Germa_n scene. 'Atlantic nations, there need be no fear, as I Now let me leave polictics, I come back ·have said~ . of an imposed will from any ON BERLIN to business. More particularly, I should ·quarter of the globe. ·on the contrary, with say something about the economy of .the I probably-should not say anything about United States. Bankers are always supposed such strength of resources, we possess a full Berlin at this rather delicate period perhaps 'guarantee of . both our liberties and our to say something about the economy and for fear of being- called an interloper. but look wise in regard to economic future. I'll peace. _ · . · i see amongst this audience some of the The days of desirable division on the Euro­ try to go through that pose tonight. One former defenders of that city and I spent thing I would like to call your attention to pean Continent, so long the object of astute some time there myself- during periods of diplomacy, have passed. New and broader is that one of the slogans that seems to some tension and I don't feel that I should have commended itself to our thinking in forces are working. Newer concepts are de­ sit down without paying my respects ·to the manded: Much of this has deep political recent years, namely, that if the United spirit and determination of the people of States sneezes this induces pneumonia in implication, but at the heart of it are eco­ that city. nomic and business implications which Europe. Well, this has now proven not to I visited Germany in the period between be the case. We have had our sneeze and throw a challenge to the com~ercialinterests the wars on a number of occasions and of Europe such· as they have rarely faced in i don •t see any fever in . Europe. Europe never had much regard for the City of Ber­ seems to have been very able to have sus­ their long history. Nowhere does this chal­ lin. Somehow it seemed to me a rather lenge present itself more prominently than tained our recession, a slight recession to be large sprawling sort of a city with nothing sure. I think this is another indication of to the German businessman. Centrally lo­ of the architectural beauty of a number· of cated, the products of great industry and the revised strength of Europe and it augurs cities in Europe, but after being in Berlin well for the future. skill emanate from German industry, and in that beleaguered spot and sensing in the German businessmen are perhaps above So far as our own economy is concerned­ these period~ of · tension something of the by every ind~~ which one ca;n judge these all others in a position where they now have mood of the ·people, I came to feel, with all the responsibility of developing wisdom both things-it seems strong and seems to be in political and economic fields. due loyalty to my German "Heimatstadt" growing stronger. Of course. this is just Frankfurt. that Berlin had a greater appeal the time when you had better look out, but I doubt whether ever before in Europe than any: _of the German cities. We always there has been such a demand or such a I must say all the signs that I can see and got a good bit of criticism down in the read point to a vigorous future, at least_as need for business statesmanship. Old ani­ Zones, but we could rarely do any wrong mosities have to be submerged. •Goodness far . as one can reasonably look into the in Berlin and that was perhaps one of the' future. knows. we have done enough to. eaqh ot:Q.er reasons why I became so fond of that city. to generate antagonisms and resentments We have had some economic developments You could be quite ct·itical of the Americans in this country which have caused some of that could last forever if we only allowed down around Frankfurt, but you didn't get ourselves to- dwell upon them. But if we our friends abroad a certain mixture of emo-­ very far with it in Berlin. From some­ tions, with some a certain sense of satisfac­ cannot and should not entirely forget .- the where out of the spirit of those people some_ past, we cannot now certainly afford to bear tion, that the position of o1:1r currency Is be­ new Lucius Clay will again strike the note, ginning to compare, let's say, somewhat less resentments based only on memories. I refer receive· the· response and ·take the action to one other thought and that is the great favorably with their own. In spite of the which will maintain not only the freedom of fact that the strength of the dollar had some­ need-while we are in the process of putting that city but the integrity of the whole together this great force which the new thing to do in the not too remote past with free world position. the maintenance of some of those curren­ Europe represen~that business as well as May I say one thing more about Berlin. political statesmanship should see to it that cies. But on the other hand we have people I do wish that we would stop vieing with that fear that the dollar might indeed grow we avoid the creation of any new economic each other in public in coming forward with antagonisms. It will do us no good and the weak. Of course, one can say if currencies compromise solutions in regard to how we have grown in strength in relation to the world no good, if we merely create within should act in respect to Berlin. No sooner the Western World two or perhaps three eco­ dollar, a great deal of energy, thought, time had the Russians stated their maximum and money was spent in just trying to bring nomic areas with all the politicalisms, which position than the top columnists, and a could so readily flow from them, if we did that situation about. As for the future of number of Senators and others. including our own currency, I cannot feel that our that. Somehow, some way must be found to some interlopers, came forward with all man­ achieve not the partial, but the full strength legislators and Government leaders will so of the free ·world. ner of suggestions and sloganisms such. as ignore their responsibilities as to permit the disengagement, getting off dead center. as dollar to assume ·a significant weakness. Per­ DULLES AND ADENAUER contributions or supposed contributions to haps we have been losing out in world mar­ The solution is not simple but I believe a proper settlement of the Berlin issue. One kets, due to our prices. But in spite of the that the solution is one which business o! our Allies seems already to have given level of stock market prices, we are, in my 7766 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-·. HOUSE May 7 judgment, not on the verge of a dangerous The rural area of Iowa, and of from the main ship ·channel and· thereby inflation. I don't mean to be too confident America, is dotted with many small com­ eliminate danger of collision brought about about this because we could readily slip. Our by ship traffic congestion. Unfortunately, prices for the time being are relatively sta­ munities . which are served by small in the construction of this channel, the ble. There is a substantial amount of un­ weekly newspapers-often these news­ engineers underestimated the navigation used plant capacity still about. We have un­ pa.pers are owned by one family and are requirements of flotilla tows-those tow­ employment to an appreciable degree. More manned by only one or two people. boats that have two or more barges in tow­ and more, as I see the clouds lifting, the These small publishers are literally and failed to provide suffi.cient maneuvering prospect of a serious unbalanced budget chained to their jobs because of Fed­ room to enter or leave the New Jersey Pier­ seems to be disappearing. eral regulations governing their mailing head Line channel. As a result, this chan­ In this country, I say to my German permits and because of State laws re­ nel has not been playing its full role simply friends, we have really to excite ourselves to because boats have been unable to use it. the need of a solid currency, particularly, lating to legal advertising. These laws With an ever-increasing amount of traffic in when the rationalizers of little but persistent and regulations require publications New York Harbor, the need to provide this inflation urge it on as a wise Government week after week without interruption. relief valve becomes more critical day by policy. Fortunately or unfortunately we These publishers do not have the trained day. I therefore strongly urge this commit­ have not had the built-in fear of the personnel to permit them to enjoy an tee to allocate suffi.cient funds in the forth­ experience of a real inflation, ~uch as the annual 1- or 2-week vacation. coming fiscal year to permit this project to Germans have undergone. This has given Mr. Speaker, my proposed legislation be fully completed and be made economi­ them an attitude which makes it unneces­ merely gives the individual publisher cally effective. sary to argue about the ills of inflation. You, On the south side of the Hudson County in the vernacular, have had it. the right to suspend publication for 2 Peninsula lies the Kill Van Kull section of Over here we do have to argue, however, weeks each year if he chooses. the New York and New Jersey channels with some professors now and then-not all The small weekly newspapers, which project. The completion of the work on the professors by any means-but it seems to me are very near to the thoughts of the Arthur Kill section of this project is there­ the only professors who can get the front people, have provided us with a medium fore of great concern and has my full sup­ page of the New York Times seem to be of news and editorial opinion that can­ port. The budget recommendation of $2,- those who kick what is known as the sacred not be replaced. It, therefore, seems to 790,000 will, I understand, see the comple­ cow of sound money about. Now the Presi­ me that we should take every step pos­ tion of this work in the next fiscal year. dent and the Secretary of the Treasury have To the west of the Hudson County Penin­ struck the note of good financial sense and sible to strengthen the small community sula lies the Newark Bay-Passaic River so has the Federal Reserve Board. They press--not discourage it. channel. While this project does not imme­ have been eloquent in what they have had Centralization of the press and news diately affect the Jersey City-Bayonne area, to say regarding the need for a stable cur­ media, in general, is a dangerous thing. it, like all the other channel projects in the rency and a stable price system and I am Since the tendency has been toward New York-New Jersey port district described sure they are determined. I have no doubt, more centralization and consolidation, in the Port of New York Authority presenta­ however, that the most eloquent expression, it is time we did something to stimulate tion before this committee, is indirectly im­ that we could have, to top their resolution portant to the people of my district. I is the evidence of a balanced budget, but, and encourage the small independent therefore strongly support the need to al­ as I say my guess is that we shall not be news outlet. locate $30,000 to commence the study of im­ far from it in the ensuing year and I dare proving this channel, as well as the appro~ say that even wlth a balanced budget our priations for the other essential channel economy will continue to grow, in spite of projects in the New Jersey-New York port the professors. Adequate Appropriations Needed for New area. Now I have rambled on, skipping from one I wish to express my thanks to you, Mr. subject to another. Perhaps I should re­ Jersey-New York Port Channels Chairman, and to the other members of this turn to my first thoughts which relate to committee for the opportunity and privilege businessmen and their responsibility to so­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS to present my views concerning the economic ciety and the public weal. Whether we be welfare of the people I represent. Germans or Americans, French, English, Ital­ OF ians--none of us can ignore that the great social and political forces that play around HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER us in the modern world require statesman­ OF NEW JERSEY ship to deal with the problems of Europe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Remarks by Vice President Nixon at and America and the underdeveloped coun­ tries in the world. Nor is all good to be found Thursday, May 7, 1959 Conference on India and the United in the continuance of business prosperity. States Statesmanship will frequently require the Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, un­ acceptance of harsh business sacrifices if der leave to extend my remarks ih the we are to solve some of these problems. RECORD, I include the following testi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS May these two institutions ·which merge mony which I gave before the House OF here tonight take the lead in accepting the Appropriations Committee, Subcommit­ great challenges and the heavy responsi­ tee on Public Works, requesting ade­ HON. JAMES G. FULTON bilities which the making of a free world quate appropriations for the New Jer­ OF PENNSYLVANIA presents to all of us today. Thank you very much. sey-New York port channels: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CORNELIUS E. Thursday, May 7, 1959 GALLAGHER, OF NEW JERSEY, IN SUPPORT OF ADEQUATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE NEW Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, under JERSEY-NEW YORK PORT CHANNELS, APRIL leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ 'A Bill To Permit Weekly Newspapers '(o 27, 1959 ORD, I include the opening remarks of Suspend Publication for 2 Weeks a The New Jersey district I represent is a Vice President RICHARD NIXON to the Year Without Loss of Second-Class peninsula with federally improved channels Conference on India and the United on its three sides. The appropriations being States, May 4, 1959, in Washington, D.C., Mailing Privileges requested for an adequate improvement pro­ gram for the Federal channels in New York which was sponsored by the Committee harbor affect all three of these channels. for International Economic Growth: EXTENSION OF REMARKS As this committee can therefore readily see, OPENING REMARKS OF VICE PRESmENT RICHARD OF the economic welfare of the district I repre­ NIXON TO THE CONFERENCE ON INDIA AND sent is greatly affected by what happens on THE UNITED STATES, 1959 HON. LEONARD G. WOLF the waterfront. Mr. Johnston, Mr. Ambassador, and dis­ OF IOWA On the east side of the Hudson County tinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Peninsula, which takes in my district, there am very honored to appear here at this pro­ 1s the New Jersey Pierhead Line channel. gram, opening this historic conference and I Thursday, May 7, 1959 This particular channel is a shallow-draft can only say that I always feel much over­ Mr. WOLF, Mr. Speaker, today, I in­ channel which was authorized and con­ whelmed in a position such as this, because troduced a bill to permit weekly news­ structed to relieve some of the congestion I realize that I am speaking before a group that is characteristic of Upper New York of people who are primarily experts on the papers to suspend publication for 2 Bay in New York Harbor. The purpose of subject which I am asked to cover. Mr. weeks a year without loss of second­ the channel was to draw oft some of the Johnston suggested that I have traveled a bit class mailing privileges. harbor· craft and other shallow-draft boats in the past 6 years, and he is, of course, cor- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-. ·HOUSE 7767 rect-but I will have. t.o aqmit - that .. my we justify, my .friends i:p. the Cong:ress might -<,lisease, and when .the .people of the ,United travels throughout the world left time for ask then, the allocation of Government funds States and our Government would be con­ <;mly 5 days in India-and as anyone who has w:hen we agree at the outset that those funds cerned about that poverty and misery and visited that country would tell you, 5 days inay not, in some instances, obtain complete disease, and I would not like the case for does not make you an expet:t. I do not agreement with the policies. of the United Government assistance, the case for the speak today to you who are experts in this States, and my answer is this: Our stake, interest of the American people in our friends field as one myself, and I know that from the free world's stake, in India and all the in India, to be rested at the outset of this reading your program, you are going to make other countries which are in this category, conference simply on the negative, defensive studies in depth of the problems which you is that they are able to get the ecm;10mic issue of helping India in order to save the are considering, but I thought it might be stability which will enable them in turn to United States from communism. I think useful if I were to touch upon three matters have political independence. How does this ~he case can better be presented in terms of concern that might come up for considera­ serve us? It serves us because international of-not the defeat of communism, in which, tion during the course of this conference. communism and national independence are of course, we are interested, because we re­ I noted that the first item listed on your completely incompatible. And so this, of alize that freedom can live only where dic­ agenda is the relation of India and its im­ course, is the answer to those who do raise tators are defeated-but our primary interest portance in relation to the security and free­ questions when this matter is up for con­ must be the victory of plenty over want, of dom of the free world. Now when we con­ sideration, as it will be during the course of health over disease, of freedom over tyranny sider the importance of India and its rela­ this conference. of any type, wherever it exists in the tionship to the security and freedom of the Now, a third point that I would make, is world, and as far as our friends in India are free world I think that perhaps we can best this: We agree that India needs economic concerned, we can assure you, those who· are put it in context by pointing out one of the progress. There is, of course, considerable here today, and those in that great land so great crisis which confronts us today and disagreement as to how other nations may far away, in which we haye always had such measuring the problems of India with that assist and work with the people and Govern­ a warm and friendly interest, we can assure crisis. ment of India in attaining that progress. you that we welcome the opportunity to If you picked up your morning newspapers The easy answer would be, as far as the work with you, to work with you in develop­ you no doubt noted that most of the head­ United States is concerned, to suggest that ing the economic progress which is yours, lines internationally on the front page dealt we best could assist by expanding what gov­ f?O that you can prove to all the world that with the crisis in Berlin. I would not un­ ernment does, and I would certainly say here it is possible to have progress with freedom. derestimate the importance of the Berlin today that our technical assistance programs, This is our aim, and we know also that it is crisis, but I will say today that in my own the programs of loans to the Export-Import yours. mind what happens to India insofar as its Bank and the Developmental Loan Fund, and Thank. you very much. economic progress is concerned in the next other governmental . programs, certainly few years could be as important, or could should be approved in the minimum amounts be even more important in the long run which have been requested by the adminis­ tration. But I would be less than realistic than what happens in the negotiations with Organization and Operation of the Small regard to Berlin. Now, having made this if I were not to point out that if you were statement, let me indicate why I believe that to place exclusive or even primary reliance Business Administration is the case. As we know, in the great strug­ on government assistance from the United States in order to attain this economic prog­ gle which is going on in the world today, EXTENSION OF REMARKS primary emphasis at the present time is on ress, we would be most unrealistic. And so the nonmilitary aspect of the struggle-in I was glad to note that in the course of this OF Asia, in Africa, in the Near East, and in conference not only will you consider what parts of Latin America and the whole government can do, but also how private HON. JOE L. EVINS wodd-not ·only the Asian world, but tlie capital may also be attracted to this area OF TENNESSEE . American world, this hemisphere, is watch­ of the world. And I would ·mention· just IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing that struggle in Asia. There are two three advantages that private capital has great peoples in Asia. The peoples who live over government capital, recognizing at the Thursday, May 7, 1959 under the Communist government of China, outset th_at both are necessary, and both have Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, under leave and the people of India. These are the two their place. First-Private capital is expansible, al­ to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I greatest :population centers of the world, and include the following statement:· of course the two greatest in Asia. One of most to an unlimited extent, whereas gov­ these people is attempting to achieve eco­ ernment capital, insofar as our country, the ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE SMALL nomic progress without freedom. The other, United States, is concerned, is limited-lim­ BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION . the people of India, are attempting to achieve ited by our own budget and by the consid­ Representative JoE L. EVINS, Democrat of economic progress with freedom. They are erations which always come up when budget Tennessee, chairman, Subcommittee No. 1, very different in many respects, but they are problems are before a country. House Small Businesn Committee, announced alike in this respect. They both need­ The second point is that, where private today that hearings on the operations of the they both want-economic progress and c·apital is concerned, there is and can be no Small Business Administration will be held so the question which will be answered question of any political influence going with in room 304, House Office Building, Washing­ in the next 5 years--the next 10 years-will it, and on occasions there is, of course, a ton, D.C. The hearings will begin at 10 a.m. be this: Can a people who need economic question where government capital is con­ on Monday, May 11 and continue through progress to satisfy the wants of their greatly cerned that there might be political impli­ May 13. increasing populations, achieve it in a cli­ cations involved, and the third point is that Hon. Wendell B. Barnes, Administrator of mate of freedom, or must they pay for prog­ private capital brings with it the skilled the Small Business Administration, will ap­ ress by giving up freedom? And what hap­ technical assistance which is needed, and pear at 10 a.m. on Monday. Other SBA offi· pens in India will therefore have a tremen­ without which capital might be wasted. cials will testify subsequently during the dous impact on the decisions made in other These three advantages, I think, are worth hearings. The subcommittee also will re­ countries in Asia, in the Near East, in Africa, mentioning, and I emphasize again that both ceive testimony from representatives of com­ and even in the Americas. So this indicates are necessary, but in your considerations de­ panies that have formed or attempted to the tremendous stake that the free world has velop to the full how private capital can come form small business investment companies. in the economic problems of India. in, because its greatest advantage is the first In addition, witnesses representing 'small Now, a second point, that I would make, one I mentioned, that it is expansible, business concerns that have sought financial is with regard to the attitude of the Govern­ whereas government capital is definitely assistance from the agency will be heard. ment of the United States-the attitude limited. · Representative EVINs stated that all of the that our Government and our people should And now if I could go to one last point. operations and activities of the Small Busi· have insofar as any aid we are able to pro­ It is related to my first-1 noted that in ness Administration will be reviewed dm:­ vide for the economic development of India, your conference agenda you have pointed out ing these hearings. Although emphasis will or any other country in a similar status. I that you would consider the importance of be placed upon the Small Business Invest­ have often heard it said during courses of India in relation to the security and freedom ment Act of 1958, the subcommittee will in­ debates on this subject, that there are times of the free world. Speaking now as an official quire into the loan policies of the financial when countries which we have been able to of the American Government, and as an assistance programs as well as the procure­ assist through loans or other programs, American citizen, I would not like this great ment and technical assistance activities of should not receive such considerations in the conference_to begin believing that this was the agency. future because their leaders do not always our sole interest, as far as a government Representative EVINS added: "We have had agree with our leaders in the T,Jnited Nations, and a people were concerned, when we did called to our attention considerable criticism or in other world councils. And my answer provide governmental assistance, or other of certain aspects of the loan programs of is always this: The purpose of U.S. aid has assistance to our friends in India. If there SEA-criticisms concerning collateral re­ been, is, and must always be, not to make any were rio communism in the world-if there quirements, concerning premature discour­ country dependent upon us, but to allow all were not threat of communism to the United agement of applicants, and criticism con­ cProject Rover, Joint Com­ to light. . able to pursue various avenues of research mittee members were prevented by a "re­ Edward Gamarekian described the situa­ independently. But often the absence of one stricted data" tag from discussing even the tion in the Washington Post a few weeks piece prevents completion of the jigsaw existence of the project on the floor of Con­ ago. He reported that in the United States puzzle. gress. it takes an average of 6 to 12 months for Ignorance of a hazard, as in the case of Yet Los Alamos announced in the news­ an article to reach print, while in the Soviet fallout, for instance, could well prevent the papers the hiring of "Scientist X" and re­ Union it is reported to take as little as 1 discovery of methods for combating the leased lengthy details of the work he would month. hazard. Right now, there is a serious ques­ be doing on Project Rover. The Los Ala­ One such article, which has now been tion about the adequacy of our systems for mos announcement was billed as an attempt released, concerns the quantity of strontium detecting underground nuclear explosions­ to recruit other promising scientists into the 90 concentrated in the bones of American a question which seems to be providing the atomic energy program. And the Joint Com­ children under 4 years of age. It indicates biggest stumbling block in the current mittee once again found itself reading in that the amount doubled in the 1-year· period Geneva conferences. If scientists are not the newspapers about matters which com­ from July 1, 1957, to June 30, 1958. The given access to all available information mittee members could have gone to prison article was written by Dr. J. Laurence Kulp about present detection systems and their for discussing. of the Lamont Geological Observatory, and shortcomings, it will be a long time before (5) The strange division of opinion: When is the third report on a continuing study they are able to improve the systems. Project Sherwood-controlled thermonuclear which he is conducting. Another effect of secrecy is to prevent energy-was instituted, there was a good The Joint Committee learned of the exist­ the formation of informed public opinion, an deal of dispute over whether the program ence of this report through a magazine arti­ important force under our system of govern­ should be publicized from the start in order cle. At our specific request, a copy was ment. Aroused public opinion frequently to promote free exchange of scientific data, finally made available to us. Apparently exerts great influence on major policy deci­ or whether it should be kept secret. the AEC did not consider it of interest to sions. And the force of misinformed public On June 28, 1952, the American Physical the committee. opinion could well lead to establishment of Society was holding a meeting in Denver. Such information is of vital interest to the policies detrimental to the national security. A number of the distinguished scientists in American people, particularly in light of the In any case, the dissemination of half facts­ attendance were drawn to one side and current uproar over the hazards of fallout. which is now all too prevalent--can lead were polled secretly on whether they The yardstick for its dissemination should only to utter confusion. thought Sherwood should be secret. The be the public good, not the whim of a The secrecy problem is not insoluble by vote was 88-1 in favor of declassifying all scientist. any means. A genuine spirit of cooperation research dealing with the use of thermo­ Atomic energy and secrecy are virtually among the AEC, the Joint Committee, and nuclear forces to generate electric current. synonyms. The program was born in an at­ the other agencies involved is the first step­ The AEC decided that the one negative mosphere of utter, absolute secrecy, which and I am happy to say that this spirit is vote indicated a "division of opinion." at the beginning was an unquestioned neces­ beginning to characterize the committee's Therefore, it ruled, Sherwood was classified. sity. The United States for a brief while relations with John McCone, the new chair­ An interesting sidelight is that the AEC's was the sole possessor of the atom bomb. man of the AEC. classification expert, who participated in the Had others learned its secrets in 1945, World Next, we must break the habit of secrecy poll, voted for nonsecrecy. War II might well have ended in a different and form new habit patterns. The burden (6) Does "classified" mean "classified"? manner. of proof should be placed on those respon­ The Joint Committee last February 19 re­ Now secrecy has become a habit. The sible for classification, rather than on those ceived from the Defense Department a re­ question is whether or not its use is being in quest of information. In other words, the port indicating that radioactivity in the abused. Atomic Energy Commission should be re­ stratosphere has a residence half-life of 2 The law provides several pages of defini­ quired to provide a satisfactory justification years instead of the previously assumed time tions of the types of information which can for any tag placed on information before it is of ' 7 years. The report also indicated that be classified. Defense information, for in.:. put there, and the tag should immediately fallout was heaviest in northern United stance, is defined as "any information in be removed when it can no longer be justi­ States. any category determined by any Government fied. I personally would favor imposition o! 7770 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD- HOUSE May 7 as severe a penalty on those placing a re­ grown out of the many recreational ad­ retary of the association, is continuing to -stricted tag on unrestricted information as vantages made available by the TVA receive applications for membership a11d, is now provided !or those revealing secret lakes. For many years the country the:refc;>re, the prospects ar_e that the con­ data. waited for the private power companies vention of that group will be even larger I am hopeful that our :fallout hearings next year. Also, it should be noted that this week may provide some answers. One to develop fully our natural water re­ matter which will receive close scrutiny dur­ sources. It is true that here and there at the conyention this year approximate­ ing the hearings is the use of the present they did purchase and develop a few ly 150 Members of the House of Repre­ maximum permissible concentration (MPC) sites. But in every case they had to be sentatives and several Senators attended as a standard for determining the hazards concerned with the question of whether one session of the convention in the of fallout. The maximum permissible con­ the service they gave could be sold at a evening of Apri114, 1959. - centration is a source of great confusion be­ profit. They could not assume the re­ In view of these circumstances one is cause of its implications of a line between sponsibility for providing even electric prompted to ask the question, "Why do danger and absence of danger. I think we these small businessmen consider it im­ are going to have to redefine our terms; per­ service to all who wanted or needed it, haps to think, instead, of a maximum ac­ much less for providing flood control, portant for them to travel at the in­ ceptable concentration of radiation inde­ navigation ways and recreational areas dividual expense of each from all pa;-ts pendent of actual hazard. The maximum for the benefit of all. Their resources of the country to Washington in order .permissible concentration and other prob­ were far too limited for this and they to participate in a convention?" The lems of terminology are often more produc­ could never have justified full-scale river record of the proceedings during the tive of confusion than is secrecy, and they development to their stockholders had course of their convention provides the need attention. answer to that question. The answer is A solution to a portion of the secrecy they made the attempt. problem might be for the AEC itself to pub­ More than half the power generated that the small businessmen in the dairy lish summaries of all important unclassified by TVA is used by the Government at industry apparently are facing extinc­ seports, perhaps on a monthly basis-in national defense installations. These tion unless there is action by the Con­ other words, to es•tablish its own technical atomic plants are serving our defense gress in the near future on legislative journal. There seems to be little excuse for needs and providing medical and scien­ proposals to restrict the use of price burying important information in publica­ tific progress for the entire country. We discrimination and other monopolistic tion bottlenecks. If significant reports con­ all benefit from it either directly or in­ practices. tain no. restricted information, they should The House Small Business Committee be made available to the public immediately. directly. If they cannot be published for 6 or 12 Instead of hampering the develop­ has made and is continuing to make months by the present technical journals, ment of private power companies, the extensive investigations and studies into the AEC itself should devise a means of Federal power system is, in reality, pro­ the use of trade practices prevalent in publishing them. moting their development by selling a the dairy industry. Overwhelming evi­ We all agree, I think, that some secrecy is large block of power to them at whole­ dence has been accumulated showing essential for our Nation's self-preservation. the appalling effects of price discrimina­ I do not feel, for example, that data on sizes sale rates. In 1956, private power inter­ ests served nearly eight-tenths-78.8 per­ tion in destroying free competition and of weapon yields or numbers of weapons in leading to the creation of monopolies our stockpiles should be bandied over the cent-of all consumers in the United garden fence. States. In the same year they generated in the dairy industry. At this time, I But improper and indiscriminate use of the 67.2 percent of all power. and other Members of the Congress are secret label will eventually weaken our en­ I would like to suggest, Mr. Speaker, besieged with appeals from some busi­ tire security structure. Classification will that anything which tends to weaken the nessmen in the dairy industry that come to have no meaning if it is not used something should be done to stop de­ with caution. TVA ultimately affects these many fac­ tors made possible by the many great and structive discriminatory _pricing prac­ I think a new motto is in order as a guide tices. for our atomic energy programs: "Is this forward thinking Congressmen who saw secret tag really necessary?" fit to establish the people's ownership of Our colleague, the Honorable ToM the water resources of this vital valley. STEED, Democrat, of Oklahoma, a mem­ Previously I stated that the TVA has ber of the House Small Business Com­ become the conscience of the private mittee, is serving as chairman of a. special investigating subcommittee, TVA Benefits Many power industry. I would like to demon­ strate my point by simply stating that which is directing its attention and ef­ prior to the coming of public power, elec­ forts to these trade practices in the dairy EXTENSION OF REMARKS tricity was costing nine times as much industry about which complaints have OF as it now costs in this area. This tre­ been made. Much evidence has been re­ mendous difference in cost dramatizes ceived showing that some large nation­ HON. LEONARD G. WOLF the need for the TVA. These are some wide processors and distributors of dairy OF IOWA of the reasons why I will always oppose products are selling milk at prices be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES any move to weaken this great project. low cost, while in other situations they are selling essentially the same products Thursday, May 7, 1959 at a much higher price, thereby subsidiz­ Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I would like ing their below-cost sales. Some small to simply state that with all the debate Action Needed To Save Small Business­ businessmen, attempting to compete we have heard on TVA I am still not against such situations in given locali­ certain that the greatest purpose to all men in the Dairy Industry ties, are finding it most difficult to sur­ the American people which the TVA has vive. served, is as the conscience of the private EXTENSION OF REMARKS During the course of the recent con­ power trust, not only in the region of vention of the National -Independent the Tennessee River, but throughout the OF Dairies Association in Washington, D.C., entire Nation. HON. WRIGHT PATMAN our colleague, Mr. ToM STEED, addressed Mr. Speaker, I visited the TVA back in OF TEXAS that group. In his address he stated: its infancy and returned 20 years later. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am as convinced now as I ever have been, I was tremendously impressed by the perhaps more so, that, unless some relief in great changes made during these years. Thursday, May 7, 1959 the legislative field is forthcoming, the day The new industrial life which has come Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, a few of the independent dairyman 1s numbered in to this previously barren area has days ago the National Independent this country. brought a fine new standard of living by Dairies Association held its annual con­ Mr. Speaker, I ask that I be permitted creating many job opportunities. The vention in Washington, D.C. Even the to extend and revise my remarks by in­ new homes soon followed, along with the small businessmen who participated in serting at this time a copy of the address many demands which homebuilding. that convention were surprised by the which was made by our colleague, the creates. This again made more job op-. large attendance from all parts of the Honorable ToM STEED, Democrat, of portunities, andso on. country. The convention was about two Oklahoma, before the National Inde­ Another aspect which 1s sometimes and one-half times larger than it was in pendent Dairy Association in Washing­ overlooked is the industry which has 1958. Mr. D. C. Daniel, the executive sec- ton, D.C., Monday, April 13, 1959. 1959. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7771

The material referred to is as fol· find out the facts so we can make reco~n­ competition can be stopped in its tracks lows: mendations to the legislative committees of and held in abeyance until these agencies Congress themselves, but also to help the have an opportunity to find out what the REMARKS OF HON. TOM STEED, A REPRESENTA• public have a ]letter understanding of the facts are and to make final and perma­ TIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF 0KLA• problems confronting us.. ' nent determinations. There are too many HOMA We expect that the committee will have a. cases, because of the nature of the litiga­ ,Representative STEED. Thank you f.or your heavy workload throughout the remainder tion, that take a lot of time to reach final very kind and generous presentation. Like of this year and into 1960. As you know if decision, and too often by the time the all politicians, we know we do. not deserve you read the report, we made certain spe­ wheels of justice have turned, the victim so many nice things to be said about us, but cific recommendations to which we thought long since has passed from the scene. we would always be disappointed if they Congress should give attention in terins of We would like to find some way, those were not said. additional legislation. We felt that we had who feel as I do, to give faster relief, at I am especially happy a~d delighted to be found enough facts to justify our saying that least on a temporary basis, so that the here today and to have with me two very the dairy industry is in dire need of some very passing of time itself will not work to able men who work on the staff of the Small legislative relief. the advanta:ge of those who violate the law. Business Committee and who are devoted to We still feel that way. and we are sure We also think that these "good faith" the assignment that we have before us this as we go into this problem more extensively parts of the law that are used now for _year. ·that we will be able to make that case even evasion and loopholes should be tightened I know that many of you had the oppor­ more strongly than it has been made up to up. We have specific legislation pending tunity to read the report and to have some now. There has not been any indication in the Congress today to accomplish this experience with the work that the subcom­ anywhere that has come to my attention purpose. Those are matters before the leg­ mittee on the dairy industry problems did which would indicate that the problems be­ islative committees. We are urging these last year. I mus.t say that we have received setting the dairy industry have eased up or legislative committees to proceed with the very favorable reaction throughout the in,. have found any solution. amendments. That is one field in which dustry and throughout the government on I am as convinced now as I ever have been, you can help now because your - probleins this report. perhaps more so. that, unless some relief in have been reduced -to proposed legislation While I have gotten most of the credit for the legislative field is forthcoming, the day and are now pending before committees it, the fact is that the report is the work of the independent dairyman is numbered where, if the will of the public become:;; of Mr. Everette Macintyre, general counsel in this country. I don't know whether many strong enough, action will automatically of the committee, without whom it would result. have been impossible for us to have made people or anybody agrees with my view. As I have said before, this is a deep-seated In addition to that part of this problem any progress at all. I want today to pub­ that you are fam111ar with, we feel on this licly give him the credit for the very ex-­ conviction with me. I have traveled in some foreign countries, and have convinced my­ committee that there is another way that cellent and fine staff job that he did. the small business community, as such, in The work has increased, so I am very self that the real thing that makes America great is what we call our great middle class, this country can and should receive a great happy today to, have my longstanding per­ deal of assistance. That is what we choose sonal friend, Brooks Robertson, a man with which is another way of' saying our small business community. Since I am convinced to call a revision and reform of' our tax long government experience, on the subcom­ laws, with special reference as to how these mittee staff. We learned last year, Mr. Mac­ of that, I think that the future of this coun­ try will depend on bow well we can keep the la.ws apply to small business. Intyre and r did, that this is a field in which This committee, the Hous.e Select Com­ you need a lot of help to get very far along. small business community in this country not only alive but flourishing. mittee on Small Business, has been work­ The truth is, as Scott Daniel, your executive ing on this subject for a number of years. vice president, told you, I got into this milk When we see the trends that have been so dramatic in the last 20 years. and especially We think we proved in our original hear­ thing completely by accident. I had no de­ ings, and 1n the surveys and research on the sire to be heading up such a job as I am the last 10 years, the trends that begin to squeeze out of industry whole segments of subject since, that there is no question but doing, but I. got interested in tt and we that· the tar structure, while making a bur­ were happy to have the opportunity to meet the small business community, common sense would tell us that such trends permitted den on all business, makes a much heavier so many of you. to have had your coopera­ burden on the small firm than it does on the tion in our task of finding facts about this to exist very- long eventually mean there will be no small business community. large firm. industry to present to the Congress. I. think that the very fact that the small But actually, when we finished our work It it ca.n happen in one industry, it will spread to other industries. businessman is cut- out from many or· the last year and filed our report, I really opportunities for capi-tal and financing-that thought that I had finished with the milk We have to learn some of the answers by business. You can understand why, then, trial and error as we go along. Many years are open to big business--in itself will prove today I have some feeling about the fact ago, because of the fact that the free enter­ our case. that I. have twice as. much milk husiness prise system is susceptible to exploitation Because of that, we have insisted that now as then. and to monopoly, Congress saw fit to pass amendments to the Internal Revenue Code be We have what might be called a. two• certain laws called antitrust laws to protect adopted which would give a little bit more headed subcommittee on milk this year. the American businessman against monopoly breathing room for the small businessman This afternoon the subcommittee will have a.nd exploitation. in this country. It has been truly said by a conference on a. speclaJ. assignment, to A lot of litigation has come out of these those who know that if Henry l!'ord were decide what, if anything. we think should acts, and I think a.ny man who will gtve trying to build up the Ford Motor Co. tmder be done in regard to the milk situation even a casual study to the situation w1ll today's laws, it could never bec.ome the here in the District of Columbia. We are realize that a tremendous lot of good came great corporation that it is. The Ford com­ intrigued with that problem because it in· out of these laws. As time goes on, and pany is a. typical example of how a little busi­ volves several subdivisions of government in as the nature of our economic life changes ness in t-his country coUld, under old tax the same metropolitan area. with modern times and trends, we find that laws, grow to be big business. I don't think a s1milar political situation these laws sometimes no longer suffice. I think that epitomizes the free enter­ exists anywhere else in the country. There That is why we propose amendments to prise system, what we call the American has been a. considerable amount of pressure them, to meet problems as the.y come along. way of things. I ' think that we make a seri­ brought on the Small Business Committee Many probleins that are current in your ous mistake when we permit tax laws, even for public hearings to be held in order for industry also exist in others. Of course, we though they were adopted during time o! these confusing and complicated facts about must always legislate not for class or special great national danger as emergency meas.ures, the situation in the District of Columbia to interest, but for the general interest. That to continue on the books interminably, to be made of record and to. be made available is why we think that not only can some the extent that they themselves begin to to the consuming public. of the di1flculties your industry faces be snuff out, to squeeze out, and starve out this Personally, I hope the. subcommittee de­ solved,. but that these same problems in great middle class of our economic life cides that we should have these fact:fl.nding all industries can be met if certain amend­ called small business. hearings. ments to tlre law can be achieved. We have bills pending With 11 points or In addition to that, the subcommittee then That is why we have recommended to the revisions which we are. convinced would help becomes the Permanent Milk Subcommittee legislative committees of Congress that the small business. of the House Select Committee. on Small Bus­ Sherman and Clayton Acts be amended to The Committee on Ways and Means, which iness. We find that there are a number of give the enforcement agencies more power 1s our legislative committee on taxes, saw fit current trouble areas throughout the country to prevent continuation of what we think last year to adopt three of these ideas, and to in which some very extensive sta1f research are 1llega1 and unfair practices. add one or two of its own ~ which we were work needs to be. done. and perhaps public There 1s one recommendation we made glad to see done for two reasons:~ first, it will hearings held. about which I personally !eel very sia'ongly. help some phases o:r- small business·, and - The purpose ot public hearings is twofold. We believe that we must find some legis­ second, 1t: got Congress. to adopt the idea, the It 1s one' method we have at getting a. lot lative means to give the law-enforcement basic idea, that there 1s justice in granting of lnformatlOJ].. _and it 1& a.lBo a way or ma.kin& agencies the power to grant tinmedia.te re,. tax eonc.essions a.nd revisions tO' small busi­ that information a..vailable to the public gen­ lief on a temporary basis so that the eco­ ness. We are now 1n the procea& of revising erally. Sometimes our task 1s not only to nomic damage being done through unfair our proposed legislation this year, which we

..,._OV--491 ------1772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 11 will urge before these committees in the hope Congress imposed some of the wartime · thing to a football game . . we. can set .the · that we can get additional tax revision to levies we now operwte under, not so much boundaries, we can make the rules, and we make the burden on the backs of the small to raise revenue, as to cut down the demand can have a referee. Then it is up to the business a little less heavy. for some things. players to see which side wins. .. I believe that through tightening up our Certainly in these times, we are trying to If the game is fair, if the rules are fair, antitrust laws we can make it more diffi.cult increase demand. Therefore, it would seem that is about as far as you can go if you for a big corporation with nothing but sheer, completely illogioal to me that we continue want to keep the Government in what I ruthless financial power to destroy competi. tax levies which have, as their basic pur· think is its proper place. tion. Once we can protect the small busi· pose, to curb demand. The best way to we think that there is little need for nessman from that type of unfair trade expand demand is to remove any and all of clipping and stripping, that evidence shows practice, then if he does find himself in a the roadblocks that prevent expansion. That there is altogether too much of this fouling profitable situation where the free enterprise is one field, I think, which is very important going on at the expense of the small busi­ and tax systems let him live and breathe, he to the small business community of the Na­ ness community. That is why we are trying can retain enough of his profits to become tion. It is one thing to fix it so that the to get a few more rules adopted that give strong and to grow and expand. businessman has a chance to make a profit; our referee a bigger club so that he can make I think when that is done, the economy of it is another to make it possible for him to more people play more fairly in our com­ the country generally will reflect a very re· use at least some of that profit to strengthen mercial life. markable improvement. I think you wlll be his business, to let it grow, and to expand it. I hope that as the next few months un· surprised, that by revising some of these tax We have more people needing jobs all the fold, if it becomes our sad responsibility laws downward, in the long run the Treasury time. It always has been, and I hope it to come into some of your communities and of the United States will receive more in· always will be the case that the small busi· hunt for the facts that are troubling you, come than it is now able to obtain. There nessmen in the country provide most of we can continue to h!'loye the same coopera· are a number of records to prove that. these jobs. It is only through increasing his tion and assistance you have given us up In West Germany, they have made some numbers and prosperity that we can hope to to now. I know you are a young organiza­ five tax reduotions, revisions, and reforms create the employment opportunities in tion, but in this field of milk our committee since World War II. Yet the Treasury of every nook and corner of the country that is young, too. the German Republic receives more income so many hundreds of thousands of our people than it ever did, because removing these tax are now needing and will continue to need. Again, I would like to thank and commend burdens caused the economy of the country These are some of the overall and broad Mr. Daniel, as your representative, for the to grow, to expand, and flourish. It is only things that I feel motivate those of us in tremendous cooperation and help he has under those terms that the Government can this committee work, and which spell out given us. Without him and without many hope to get the revenues it must have to the basic purpose at which we are aiming. of you, the work we have tried to do would carry on the people's business. I know that it is a little grand to talk have been mostly wasted effort. I think that is the real, permanent, sound about it in broad terms, and it is a little We are going to continue to give you a road to what our country needs. We live prosaic to think about it in the humble little forum where your problems can be brought, in a time when the demands for funds to means that we use to accomplish it, but it and where the attention of the Congress operate the functions of Government are at is high time, I think, that some of these steps can be focused on them. We think they an all-";iine high. There are many reasons are taken. are worthy, that they deserve attention. We for that, and the biggest, of course, the most The facts are all too clear that unless this hope that in doing that we carry out the overwhelming of all, is the dangerous world sort of thing is accomplished, very soon there main purpose that Congress had when it we live in and the tremendous cost of our will not be very much little business to save. created the Select Committee on Small Bus· national defense. I hope that Congress can get around to iness; that we are truly being the eyes and In this space age, research and develop. enacting these proposals while there is still ears of the House in the field of the needs ment costs are almost unbelievably high. some of it left. Even though it may be on and the problems of small business so that Therefore, even if we have what we choose the anemic side, I still hope we can act the Congress wlll have a wiser way of ap­ to call very prosperous times, we see our na­ before there is too much loss of this segment proaching its solutions to those problems. tional debt roing up, the cost of Government of our industry. Like all other outsiders, I . Gentlemen, I thank you again . for this going up, and the burdens on the people sometimes would like to come up with a opportunity to participate in your program. becoming heavier. I think part of the cost magic answer to your troubles or anyone I hope that we can meet together some day is because of the fact that we have tried to else's, but I know that it isn't that easy. and talk about the good work that has been make permanent, in effect have made per· We can only deal with your problems on done and the problems that have gone, ·in­ manent, many of these emergency burden· the governmental level, and that largely stead of the problems we have and how we some tax laws that were adopted in time confines us to the field of the rules by which are going to meet them. · of actual war. the game is played. We can liken this whole Thank you. [Applause.]

strengthen them, and to deliver them to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his SENATE speedily from bondage and oppression. secretaries. We especially remember the Ru­ MONDAY, MAY 11, 1959 manian people on this, their day of in­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Rev. Father Stefan Feica, of the Ru­ dependence, for which they have val­ manian Orthodox Episcopate of Amer­ iantly fought for centuries, and have A message from the House of Repre­ ica, Akron, Ohio, offered the following won with great sacrifice, only to be lost sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its prayer: again. Thou who art our fortress and reading clerks, announced that the strength, we humbly beseech Thee to re­ House had passed a bill