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V·M·I University Microfrlms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Social movement activity and institutionalized politics: A study of the relationship between political party strength and social movement activity in the United States. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Bunis, William Kane. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 09/10/2021 08:59:04 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186323 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. V·M·I University Microfrlms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106·1346 USA 313/761·4700 800:521·0600 Order Number 9SSSS28 Social movement activity and institutionalized politics: A study of the relationship between political party strength and social movement activity in the United States Bunis, William Kane, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1993 Copyright ®199S by Bunis, William Kane. All rights reserved. D·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 SOCIAL MOVEMENT ACTIVITY AND INSTITUTIONALIZED POLITICS: A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTY STRENGTH AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES by William Kane Bunis Copyright ~ William Kane Bunis 1993 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 199 3 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by--------------------------------------- Will iam Kane Bunis entitled Social Movement Activity and Institutionalized Pol itics: A Study of the Relationship between Pol itical Party Strength and Social Movement Activity in the United States and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date I I ·(/'~lc,.~ Date EI i;abeth S. Clemens DatE! Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Rc-,- /4-.~~ Dissertation DTrecqr ~ Date 7 David A. Snow 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The university of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I gratefully acknowledge the long-time support of my dissertation chair, Dr. David A. Snow. As well, Dr. Elisabeth S. Clemens and Dr. Doug McAdam provided valuable comments during the course of this dissertation. 5 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Alvin and Ann Bunis, and to my children, Hannah and Joshua Bunis. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . • • 9 ABSTRACT . 10 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION • • • • • e _ • • • • • • • • • · . 12 Traditional Conception of Social Movement Activity within sociology • • • • • 13 A Broader Conceptualization of Social Movement Activity • • • • • • • • • 15 Elite and Pluralist conceptions of Power 23 Conclusion • • • • • • • • • • • • · . 36 II. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK 39 Clarification of Key Concepts • • • • • • 41 The Relative Impact of Political Party Erosion and Party Domination: An Initial Assessment • •••• • • 44 Central Propositions • • • • • • • • • • •• 60 Conclusion • • • • • • • • ~ • • • • • • •• 64 III. CHANGES IN INSTITUTIONALIZED POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE RELEVANCE OF POLITICAL PARTY EROSION AND THE DISTINCTIVENESS OF THE 1960-1992 PERIOD • • • • • • • • • •• 66 Data and Methods •• • • • • • • • • • • 67 The Relevance of Party Platforms •• • • 68 The Relevance of Political Party strength 76 Political Party Erosion as a Global Phenomenon • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 79 The Distinctiveness of the 1960-1992 Period. 83 Conceptual Clarification • • • • • • • • • • 109 IV. GENERAL CONSEQUENCES OF PARTY EROSION • • 111 Alternative Avenues into Institutionalized Politics: An Empirical Description of the utilization of Litigation, Lobbying, PACs, Direct Democracy and General Interest Group Activity • • • • • • • • 120 Litigation • • • • •• ••••••••• 121 Lobbying • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 126 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued Page CHAPTER PACe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • 131 Direct Democracy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 142 General Interest Group Activity • • • • • • • 146 Limitations and Constraints of Participation within Institutionalized Politics • 156 Conclusion • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 170 V. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS: CONVENTION POLITICS AND SOCIAL MOVEMENT ACTIVITY • • • • 173 Convention Politics: A General History of the Relationship between Political Parties and Social Movement Interests ••• 173 1960 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 182 1960 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 186 General Evaluation of 1960 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • • • 190 1964 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 192 1964 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • 199 General Evaluation of 1964 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • •• 201 1968 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 203 1968 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 207 General Evaluation of 1968 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • •• • 210 1972 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • •• • 212 1972 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 214 General Evaluation of 1972 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • • • 219 1976 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 220 1976 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • •• . 222 General Evaluation of 1976 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • . • 228 1980 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • •• 228 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued Page CHAPTER 1980 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 235 General Evaluation of 1980 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • 239 1984 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • •• • 241 1984 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 243 General Evaluation of 1984 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • • • 246 1988 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • 247 1988 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • •• • 249 General Evaluation of 1988 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • •• • 254 1992 Republican Convention and Platform Conflicts ••• • • . • • • • •• • 254 1992 Democratic Convention and Platform Conflicts • • • • • • • • • • • • • 257 General Evaluation of 1992 Republican and Democratic Conventions • • • • • • • 261 Evaluation of 1960-1992 Period • • • • • • • 262 The Mechanisms of centrist Control • 266 Benefits and Costs of Participation in Convention/Electoral Politics •• 271 VI. CONCLUSION • • • • • • 275 Future Avenues of Research . · 279 Other Issues • • • • • 281 REFERENCES . • • 285 9 LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1. Number of Minor Party/candidates and Their Percentage of the Total Vote, 1840-1992 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 57 TABLE 2. Profile of Delegates at National Party conventions, 1968-1992 •••••••••• 178 10 ABSTRACT The
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