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ChemComm View Article Online CONFERENCE REPORT View Journal | View Issue Highlights from Faraday Discussion FDSERS17: Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering – SERS, Cite this: Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 12726 Glasgow, UK, 30th August–1st September 2017 G. Di Martino, †a H. Fleming,†b M. Kamp †*c and F. Lussier†d The 2017 Faraday Discussion on Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) attracted more than a hundred delegates from a broad spectrum of backgrounds and experience levels, bringing together DOI: 10.1039/c7cc90411h leading scientists involved in the long living field of SERS. The meeting gave an overview of the liveliness of the topic, characterised by open questions and fascinating science still to discover. In the following, rsc.li/chemcomm we discuss the topics covered during this meeting and briefly highlight the content of each presentation. On 30th August 2017, around 140 delegates with the format of Faraday Discussions, Opening lecture representing 30 different countries all of the speakers submitted a paper gathered in a remarkably sunny Glasgow, prior to this meeting, which was made With his 45 minute opening lecture, at the University of Strathclyde, to attend available for all of the participants to read Prof. R. Van Duyne set the scene for the the 2017 Faraday Discussion on Surface before the event. During their respective discussion, providing a stimulating and Enhanced Raman Scattering (Fig. 1). sessions, the presenters were given wide-ranging introduction to the field of ‘‘The discussion meeting brought together 5 minutes each to briefly summarize SERS. Prof. Van Duyne noted that the a real mix of SERS researchers embracing the main findings of their work, followed previous Faraday Discussions on SERS chemistry, physics, and engineering. It by an open discussion with 30 minutes date back to 2005, demonstrating how mixed theory, modelling and experimental allotted for public and live peer review of this topic is still vibrant after more than approaches together to produce a holistic each article contributed. ten years. In spite of SERS being an Published on 16 November 2017. Downloaded 05/12/2017 16:29:22. view of the state of the art in SERS’’, The discussions were preceded by a established field, there are still several observed Prof. D. Graham (University of brief introduction from Prof. D. Graham dynamics to understand and interesting Strathclyde, UK). on the topic of the meeting (Fig. 2a) new directions to investigate, from strong The Faraday Discussions are unique and an introduction to the Faraday coupling to the interconnection between international discussion meetings that Discussions’ format by the RSC Publishing physics and chemistry to name a few. focus on rapidly developing areas of Editors for the event, Sarah Sharp and Prof. R. Van Duyne ended his lecture chemistry and their interfaces with other Alexander Whiteside. The president of with some open questions: ‘‘Is the metal scientific disciplines. The Discussions the Faraday Society Prof. E. Campbell altering the molecule’s charge transfer? Can were founded in 1902; it was an idea (University of Edinburgh, UK) conferred we deal with things that do not easily conceived by Frederick S. Spiers who the Spiers Memorial Award to Prof. R. bind to surfaces?’’ The discussions could later became the Faraday Discussions Van Duyne (Northwestern University, then start. Secretary of the Faraday Society. In line USA) for his outstanding contribution to the SERS community (Fig. 2b). The meeting was divided into four Session 1 – The theory of sessions, which focused on particular a NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, SERS enhancement aspects of SERS: (1) the theory of SERS University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK b EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, enhancement, (2) ultrasensitive and Understanding the SERS from nano- University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ Edinburgh, UK towards single molecule SERS, (3) SERS in structures is still an area of intense interest, c Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, biology/biomedical SERS and (4) Analytical as experiments become more robust and University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. SERS. The opening lecture was given by evolve to show discrepancies. This session E-mail: [email protected] d Prof. R. Van Duyne, while the concluding Department of Chemistry, Universite´ de Montre´al, covered a fascinating range, from the H3C 3J7, Canada remarks were given by Prof. M. Porter fundamentals of the SERS and TERS process † All authors contributed equally. (University of Utah, USA). using a quantum mechanical description via 12726 | Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 12726--12733 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 View Article Online Conference Report ChemComm Fig. 1 All of the delegates participating in the Faraday Discussion: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering – SERS held on 30th August – 1st September in Glasgow, UK. Photo taken by Mr Y. Li, Royal Society of Chemistry. modelling for these systems (DOI: 10.1039/ C7FD00128B). The last talk of the session faced the still strongly debated contribution of chemical mechanisms to the SERS enhancement. Here Prof. G. Schatz (Northwestern University, USA) presented theoretical modelling of voltage effects and the chemical mechanism in SERS, investigating the role of charge transfer (DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00122C). Fig. 2 (a) Prof. D. Graham gives a short introduction to the meeting. (b) Prof. R. Van Duyne receives According to Prof. J. Baumberg the Spiers Memorial Award from the president of the Faraday Society, Prof. E. Campbell. (University of Cambridge, UK), who chaired this session, ‘‘getting the quantum description correct is a major advance and the realisation Published on 16 November 2017. Downloaded 05/12/2017 16:29:22. that this mirrors the optomechanical calculations of real EM enhancements, single-walled carbon nanotubes become descriptions which emerged in physics within to the effects of applied voltages and ideal probes for quantifying plasmonic the last 5 years provides important insights semiconductor surfaces in SERS. The enhancement in a Raman experiment which will help develop the field of coherent session started with Prof. J. Aizpurua (Fig. 3). Having the molecules chemically Raman spectroscopies. Modelling of specific (Centre for Materials Physics, San Sebastian, protected through the nanotube wall and systems is also of much interest. Using Spain), who discussed the different levels spatially isolated from the metal prevents carbon nanotubes as micro-vessels attached of approximation for the methodological enhancement by chemical means and to plasmonics resonators, or semiconductor solution of the optomechanical Hamiltonian through surface roughness, making a surfaces, or tip geometries under bias, all of a generic SERS configuration, underlining step forward in distinguishing the different take better-understood theories and for us their different approaches to the phonon components contributing to such enhance- to try and apply them in new contexts.’’ population (DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00145B). ment (DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00127D). The From his point of view, ‘‘the CNT loading is The following talk presented by L. Velleman theory of SERS on semiconductor nano- just at a first step and more work will be very (Imperial College London, UK) focused particles was then discussed by Prof. valuable. Experimental data for this and the on improving the understanding of nano- J. Lombardi (City College of New York, other systems is crucial to provide verification particle assembly processes at liquid– USA) with the aim of the optimization of of some of the predictions made and this is liquid interfaces, with the aim of working SERS sensors (DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00138J). at an early stage. The theories will have to towards finely controlling their structure and Dr P. Dawson (Queens University Belfast, be modified in light of this. Finally, the producing tailored optical and enhanced UK) addressed the two systems of a tip– introduction of further tuneable plasmonics Raman signals (DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00162B). substrate system yielding tip-enhanced at liquid surfaces is starting to become Prof. S. Reich (Freie Universita¨t Berlin, Raman scattering (TERS) and structures viable and is of much intrigue.’’ The very Germany) presented a very interesting supporting hybrid plasmon-waveguide large number and range of questions study where organic dyes encapsulated in (HPWG) modes for SERS, offering schematic in this session shows the liveliness of This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 12726--12733 | 12727 View Article Online ChemComm Conference Report one-step detection of the modified target miRNA and (2) two-step capturing and labelled DNA probes for label-free miRNA sensing. The direct quantification of miRNA-222 in RNA cellular extract was then demonstrated, showing the feasibility of the detection and quantification of miRNAs in real biological samples for clinical applications. According to Prof. J. Edel (Imperial College London, UK), chair of the session, one of the biggest challenges is related to the Fig. 3 (a) The geometry of a plasmonic nanodimer on a SiO2/Si substrate. (b) Exemplary nanodimer between the electrodes used for the dielectrophoresis. (c) SEM images of 6T@CNT after deposition. selectivity of SERS at low concentrations, The scale bars in (b) and (c) are 200 nm. Reproduced from DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00127D with since single molecule detection usually permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry. implies the presence of spectral features, e.g. blinking