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The Scientific Name of the Coffee Bean Weevil and Some Additional Bibliography (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Araecerus Schönherr)

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The Scientific Name of the Coffee Bean Weevil and Some Additional Bibliography (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Araecerus Schönherr) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida December 2005 The scientific name of the coffee bean weevil and some additional bibliography (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Araecerus Schönherr) Barry D. Valentine Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Valentine, Barry D., "The scientific name of the coffee bean weevil and some additional bibliography (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Araecerus Schönherr)" (2005). Insecta Mundi. 98. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/98 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 19, No. 4, December, 2005 247 The scientific name of the coffee bean weevil and some additional bibliography (Coleoptera: Anthribidae: Araecerus Schönherr) Barry D. Valentine Museum of Biological Diversity The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43212 [email protected] Abstract. The name Araecerus fasciculatus (DeGeer 1775) is resurrected for the coffee bean weevil, with the following synonyms: Bruchus cacao Fabricius 1775, Bruchus peregrinus Herbst 1797, Bruchus capsinicola Fabricius 1798, Anthribus coffeae Fabricius 1801, Amblycerus japonicus Thunberg 1815 (probably a synonym), Anthribus alternans Germar 1824, Phloeobius griseus of Stephens 1831, not Fabricius 1792, Cratoparis parvirostris Thomson 1858, Araecerus seminarius Chevrolat 1871, and Tropideres ( Rhaphitropis) mateui Cobos 1954. Lectotypes are designated for A. fasciculatus, B. capsinicola, and A. alternans. A diagnosis distinguishes Araecerus from all 650 anthribid genera and a diagnosis for the species is as complete as possible with materials studied. Some additional species of Araecerus are discussed: Bruchus crassicornis Fabricius 1798 is distinguished from A. fasciculatus and a lectotype is designated. Araecerus suturalis Boheman 1839 is diagnosed and shown to be dissimilar from the species recently reported as A. suturalis from South Africa. The identity of Araecerus suturalis of Frieser, not Boheman, is not yet clear. Araecerus sambucinus Boisduval 1835 and Trepideres [sic] fragilis Walker 1859 may be synonyms of A. fasciculatus but pertinent data are insufficient. Brachytarsus niveovariegatus Roelofs 1879 (spelled nigrovariegatus by Bovie (1906)), listed as a synonym of A. fasciculatus by Wolfrurn (1929) is removed to Anthribus Forster 1770 with Anthribus lajievorus Chao 1976 as a new synonym. Introduction name fasciculatus to the coffee bean weevil, and restores the name used for this species in over five The name of the coffee bean weevil, a worldwide hundred publications worldwide for over 200 years. pest of cocoa, coffee, and dozens of other dried plant This also ignores the discrepancy between DeGeers materials, has recently been changed from Araecerus publication and collection, it assumes that Schön- fasciculatus (DeGeer 1775) to Araecerus coffeae herr (the most outstanding weevil specialist of his (Fabricius 1801) by Zimmerman (1994). Zimmer- time) knew what he was doing when he curated man points out that DeGeers original description DeGeers collection, it provides nomenclatorial sta- and illustration do not resemble the coffee bean bility for a worldwide pest, and it returns the name weevil, and he concluded that the name Curculio coffeae Fabricius to synonymy. The last point is fasciculatus DeGeer was based on some unknown important because even if fasciculatus is invalidat- beetle. He chose, from several available synonyms, ed, the name coffeae is a junior synonym of several Anthribus coffeae Fabricius 1801, as the replace- older names and should not be used. There has been ment name. These actions are not acceptable for the so much confusion about the identity of C. fascicu- following reasons: the DeGeer collection is pre- latus and its synonyms, I have designated lecto- served in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stock- types for all pertinent names. This clarifies both the holm, and was curated by C. J. Schönherr who taxonomy and nomenclature of this economically marked the original DeGeer specimens with small important species. The history of this taxon is de- red (now faded) pin labels. He also discarded some tailed below. specimens and replaced others, but these did not receive the red labels. The collection now contains Araecerus Schönherr three specimens under the name fasciculatus, all with Schönherrs red pin labels; all are coffee bean See Valentine (1999: 252), for generic synonymy. weevils. I now designate as lectotype of Curculio fasciculatus DeGeer 1775, the male bearing a small The following diagnosis will separate this genus round, British Museum lectotype label (placed by from all 650 genera of World Anthribidae. Antennal me in 1970, but not published). This action binds the insertion dorsal, next to the inner, apical margin of 248 Volume 19, No. 4, December, 2005, INSECTA MUNDI the round eyes which have a small notch at the end internal sac with a group of about 5 small sclerites, of the suprascrobal carina, latter not continued the two largest triangular. posteriad along the inner eye margin; antennomer- Much of the economic literature about this spe- es 5 - 7 symmetrical, not swollen on one side; three cies is listed in the bibliography compiled by Childers club articles small, very loosely articulated; head and Woodruff (1980). not retractile into prothorax, the eyes too wide; prothorax not constricted at base, transverse carina Curculio fasciculatus DeGeer present, basal, lateral angle rectangular, lateral carina not reaching supracoxal suture; short, basi- DeGeer, C. 1775: 276, species #10, pl. 16, fig. 2. lateral carinula present but not or weakly project- ing as an isolated lobe below the humerae; ventro- Type locality: Surinam. lateral corners of prosternum pubescent, not gla- brous; scutellum small but visible, not vestigial; Discussion: Lectotype, here designated, a male in elytra with 10 plus scutellar striae; hind coxae the DeGeer collection, with a round British Muse- elongate transverse; all tarsi longer than 1/2 a tibia; um lectotype pin label; paralectotypes: male and male pygidium almost vertical, apex broadly round- female; all three with Schönherrs red (now pink) ed, female pygidium oblique, apex with a blunt pin labels indicating original DeGeer specimens, point; male metastenum with a weakly-developed these placed below a separate, not original, label median trichobothrium, absent in females; male 10. C. fasciculatus / p. 276. fore tibiae and tarsi with sexual modifications in- volving length, curvature, rows of asperities, apical Bruchus cacao Fabricius spurs, or areas of dense erect setae. Araecerus has about 75 described species, all in Fabricius, J. C. 1775: 64. that Indo-Pacific area circumscribed by India, Ja- pan, Australia, and Hawaii. One species, Araecerus Type locality: not given; in Theobromae semini- fasciculatus (DeGeer) is now a worldwide pest, and bus. has been described as new by several authors. The species is diagnosed below, followed by the syn- Discussion: Holotype female in the Fabrician onyms in chronological order, using the original Kiel collection labeled cacao. Olivier (1795: 15), name combinations. All the names, except Bruchus who worked closely with Fabricius, says about ca- crassicornis Fabricius are, or appear to be, syn- cao: Il se trouve á lAmérique méridionale. onyms of Araecerus fasciculatus (DeGeer). The species of Araecerus are variable and diffi- Note: I have not been able to determine the priority cult to characterize. Araecerus fasciculatus (De- of the above works and have accepted synonymy Geer) has the following features: dorsum without proposed by Schönherr, 1833: 175. If the name tubercles, tufts, crests, or costae; antennal club very fasciculatus is discarded, the oldest replacement slender, asymmetrical, each article tapering at both name is cacao, not coffeae. ends; prosternal antecoxal strip not linear, rough- ened with fine microsculpture and not coarsely Bruchus peregrinus Herbst punctured; pronotum finely reticulate-punctate; lateral carina not reaching supracoxal suture, fre- Herbst, J.F.W. 1797: 168, pl. 106, fig. 9, F. quently weakly upturned at apex; elytral pubes- cence tessellate dark and light brown and gray plus Type locality: Amerika: my translation is: brought a small, paler postscutellar spot; legs with tibiae with seeds from America; in Mus. Herbst. relatively long and slender, with four (sometimes very vague) dark annuli or spots often best devel- Note: I have not seen type material, however, syn- oped on hind legs; males with fore tibiae not dentic- onymy with coffeae Fabricius was proposed by Schön- ulate along ventral length, without an apical spur, herr (1833: 175). The Schönherr collection has a and not bent or hooked; male fore tarsus with basal female coffee bean weevil labeled A. peregrinus / article elongate, narrow, setose ventrally, not bent Hbst. e Cayana. / Chevrolat. This individual lacks or arched upward in center, about as long as articles a head and is grayer than most, but it has the other 2-5 combined; male mesocoxa without a small tooth features of fasciculatus. The synonymy was accept- mesal to the attachment of the trochanter; male
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