國立臺灣師範大學數學系博士班博士論文 指導教授: 洪萬生博士 林力娜博士 Exploring the Features
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The Life and Writings of Xu Hui (627–650), Worthy Consort, at the Early Tang Court
life and writings of xu hui paul w. kroll The Life and Writings of Xu Hui (627–650), Worthy Consort, at the Early Tang Court mong the women poets of the Tang dynasty (618–907) surely the A.best known are Xue Tao 薛濤 (770–832), the literate geisha from Shu 蜀, and the volatile, sometime Daoist priestess Yu Xuanji 魚玄機 (ca. 844–870?). More interesting strictly as a poet than these two fig- ures are Li Ye 李冶 who was active during the late-eighth century and whose eighteen remaining poems show more range and skill than either Xue Tao or Yu Xuanji, and the “Lady of the Flower Stamens” (“Hua- rui furen” 花蕊夫人) whose 157 heptametric quatrains in the “palace” style occupy all of juan 798 in Quan Tang shi 全唐詩, even though she lived in the mid-tenth century and served at the court of the short-lived kingdom of Later Shu 後蜀.1 Far more influential in her day than any of these, though barely two dozen of her poems are now preserved, was the elegant Shangguan Wan’er 上官婉兒 (ca. 664–710), granddaughter of the executed courtier and poet Shangguan Yi 上官儀 (?–665) who had paid the ultimate price for opposing empress Wu Zhao’s 吳曌 (625–705) usurpation of imperial privileges.2 After the execution of Shangguan Yi and other members of his family, Wan’er, then just an infant, was taken into the court as a sort of expiation by empress Wu.3 By the end I should like to thank David R. -
Proquest Dissertations
University of Alberta Qin Jiushao and His Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections in Thirteenth-Century China by Ke-Xin Au Yong A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History History and Classics ©Ke-Xin Au Yong Fall 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de ('edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-81281-5 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-81281-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. -
Introduction
Introduction This volume includes two memoirs about courtesans in seventeenth- century China: Reminiscences of the Plum Shadows Convent (hereafter Plum Shadows) by Mao Xiang (sobriquets Piji- ang and Chaomin, 1611– 1693) and Miscellaneous Records of Plank Bridge (hereafter Plank Bridge) by Yu Huai (sobriquets Danxin and Manweng, 1616– 1696).1 It also presents anecdotes, stories, and poetic writings related to two of the most famous courte- sans from that period: Liu Rushi (1618–1664) and Chen Yuanyuan (b. 1623). The world these materials evoke is that of the Lower Yanzi area in the final decades of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and in the aftermath of its collapse in the early years of the Qing dynasty (1644– 1911). This was a period when a chorus of voices elevated aesthetic refinement and romantic sensibility and showed an extraordinary interest in recording perceptions, sensations, emotions, and memories. Often the same voices showed deep political engagement and were committed to bearing witness to contemporary turmoil and to remembering the world before Qing conquest. These writings therefore not only provide a window into the sights, sounds, smells, and texture of pleasures and pas- sions but also bear the burden of memory and nostalgia and show us the moral reasoning justifying apparent indulgence. xii Introduction COURTESANS IN CHINESE HISTORY The words for “courtesans” in Chinese, chang ၬ and ji ࿃, are etymologically related to the more ancient graphs chang ّ and ji Ծ, whose meanings include musician, singer, actor, and enter- tainer. The function of the courtesan is to provide pleasure, and the continuity between aesthetic and sensual pleasure implies an inherent ambiguity in her role. -
The Fundamental Cartographical Technology of Ancient China ─ Forward Intersection
THE FUNDAMENTAL CARTOGRAPHICAL TECHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT CHINA ─ FORWARD INTERSECTION Zilan WANG1 Keling WANG Institute of History and Philosophy of Science University of Wuhan P.R.China Email: [email protected] Institute of Historical Geography University of Wuhan P.R.China Most available ancient Chinese maps were not based on field survey but were compiled indoor using direct or indirect travel and exploration records. The map preparation process can be roughly divided into the following steps. Firstly, the position of a geographical object is marked on the sketch map using its orientation and distance. The orientation data is based on the 8-orientation system in which the circumference is divided into 8 parts. The distance data is mainly based on the Chinese distance unit “Li”, but a smaller unit “Bu” will be used for detailed description. Secondly, the rectification by “intersection” method is carried out in order to minimize the errors in the relative positions of a geographical object caused by the intrinsic “roughness” of the aforementioned spatial model. This “intersection” rectification method, which is similar to the “forward intersection” in modern survey technology, was analyzed in this article from three angles: (1) the simulation study of the 2nd century B.C. survey map “Mawang Dui Map”, (2) the analysis of the traditional survey theory recorded in Zhou Bi Suan Jing and Jiu Zhang Suan Shu (including Liu Hui’s annotation of the latter), and (3) the new interpretation of the Fei Niao model proposed by Shen Kuo. In addition, travel records of “intersection” observation and the technique and historical background of forward intersection were found in related historical and geographical documents. -
Li Shangyin: the Poetry of Allusion
LI SHANGYIN: THE POETRY OF ALLUSION By TERESA YEE-WAH YU B.A., The University of Hong Kong, 1973 M.A., The University of British Columbia, 1977 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asicin Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1990 (o) Teresa Yee-wah Yu, 1990 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. 1 further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT A major poet of the Tang period, Li Shangyin is highly regarded yet criticized because his work is densely allusive. Dazzling and rich in meaning, it is also difficult and obscure because of its pervasive allusiveness. Chapter I reviews critical opinion of Li's use of allusion. Many traditional critics see allusion as an ornamental rhetorical device and consider Li's profuse allusiveness an idiosyncrasy to be tolerated in an esteemed poet. Chapter II studies allusion broadly and precisely as a literary concept: generally, allusion is a "connector" of texts, a link between a poet's work and his literary heritage; specifi• cally, it is a linguistic device serving metaphorical functions. -
A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture
A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture Edited by Antje Richter LEIDEN | BOSTON For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Illustrations xi Abbreviations xiii About the Contributors xiv Introduction: The Study of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture 1 Antje Richter PART 1 Material Aspects of Chinese Letter Writing Culture 1 Reconstructing the Postal Relay System of the Han Period 17 Y. Edmund Lien 2 Letters as Calligraphy Exemplars: The Long and Eventful Life of Yan Zhenqing’s (709–785) Imperial Commissioner Liu Letter 53 Amy McNair 3 Chinese Decorated Letter Papers 97 Suzanne E. Wright 4 Material and Symbolic Economies: Letters and Gifts in Early Medieval China 135 Xiaofei Tian PART 2 Contemplating the Genre 5 Letters in the Wen xuan 189 David R. Knechtges 6 Between Letter and Testament: Letters of Familial Admonition in Han and Six Dynasties China 239 Antje Richter For use by the Author only | © 2015 Koninklijke Brill NV vi Contents 7 The Space of Separation: The Early Medieval Tradition of Four-Syllable “Presentation and Response” Poetry 276 Zeb Raft 8 Letters and Memorials in the Early Third Century: The Case of Cao Zhi 307 Robert Joe Cutter 9 Liu Xie’s Institutional Mind: Letters, Administrative Documents, and Political Imagination in Fifth- and Sixth-Century China 331 Pablo Ariel Blitstein 10 Bureaucratic Influences on Letters in Middle Period China: Observations from Manuscript Letters and Literati Discourse 363 Lik Hang Tsui PART 3 Diversity of Content and Style section 1 Informal Letters 11 Private Letter Manuscripts from Early Imperial China 403 Enno Giele 12 Su Shi’s Informal Letters in Literature and Life 475 Ronald Egan 13 The Letter as Artifact of Sentiment and Legal Evidence 508 Janet Theiss 14 Infijinite Variations of Writing and Desire: Love Letters in China and Europe 546 Bonnie S. -
Appropriating the West in Late Qing and Early Republican China / Theodore Huters
Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet 1 of 384 Bringing the World Home Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet 2 of 384 3 of 384 BringingÕ the World HomeÕ Appropriating the West in Late Qing 7215 Huters / BRINGING THE WORLD HOME / sheet and Early Republican China Theodore Huters University of Hawai‘i Press Honolulu Tseng 2005.1.17 07:55 © 2005 University of Hawai‘i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Huters, Theodore. Bringing the world home : appropriating the West in late Qing and early Republican China / Theodore Huters. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8248-2838-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Chinese literature—20th century—History and criticism. 2. Chinese literature—20th century—Western influences. I. Title. PL2302.H88 2005 895.1’09005—dc22 2004023334 University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid- free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. The open-access ISBN for this book is 978-0-8248-7401-8. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. The open-access version of this book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY- NC-ND 4.0), which means that the work may be freely downloaded and shared for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. -
Political Frustration, Trauma, and Self-Therapy from Nature: Life and Freedom
Philosophy Study, ISSN 2159-5313 March 2014, Vol. 4, No. 3, 155-172 D DAVID PUBLISHING Political Frustration, Trauma, and Self-therapy from Nature: Life and Freedom Danqiong Zhu Xidian University When ancient Chinese literatus suffered political frustration, they generally experienced tremendous emotional and psychological traumas. These traumas are entangled with disappointment, anger, fear, grief, desolation, and other emotions. In most cases, the literatus would turn to nature for relaxation and freedom, composing a lot of literatures in an attempt to reflect on the meaning of life. In this paper, I will analyze the written works of Qu Yuan, the Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove (竹林七賢), Liu Zongyuan, and Su Shi after they suffered political frustration to: (1) describe how their emotions changed; (2) illustrate how they built relationships between nature and self to relieve their frustrations; (3) clarify during these reflecting processes how they actually experienced the transformation and pursued the meaning of life; and (4) illuminate the significance of these pursuits, not only in spurring the boom of literal naturalism, but also in passing on the message for the current era with the joint crises of humans and the environment, to heal the earth and free themselves. Keywords: trauma, ecotherapy, duality of life, meaning of life, freedom 1. Introduction China’s pollution is notorious throughout the global planet and there are more than 200 cancer villages in the whole country, covering from the east costal area further to the mid-west (Liu 2010). In China, people consider environmental degradation as a by-product of the country’s industrialization and urbanization. -
The Author's Two Bodies: the Death of Qu Yuan and the Birth of Chuci Zhangju
_full_journalsubtitle: International Journal of Chinese Studies/Revue Internationale de Sinologie _full_abbrevjournaltitle: TPAO _full_ppubnumber: ISSN 0082-5433 (print version) _full_epubnumber: ISSN 1568-5322 (online version) _full_issue: 3-4_full_issuetitle: 0 _full_alt_author_running_head (neem stramien J2 voor dit article en vul alleen 0 in hierna): Heng Du _full_alt_articletitle_deel (kopregel rechts, hier invullen): The Author’s Two Bodies _full_is_advance_article: 0 _full_article_language: en indien anders: engelse articletitle: 0 _full_alt_articletitle_toc: 0 T’OUNG PAO The Author’s Two Bodies T’oung Pao 105 (2019) 259-314 www.brill.com/tpao 259 The Author’s Two Bodies: The Death of Qu Yuan and the Birth of Chuci zhangju 楚辭章句 Heng Du University of Arizona A corpse from the sea has summoned me home now; Though dead, it speaks with a living voice.1 Theognis 1229-30 Was Qu Yuan 屈原 (trad. 343-290 BCE) a historical individual? If not, how did he nevertheless become the ancestral author of one of China’s oldest poetic forms? The passage below, I suggest, contains the genesis moment of Qu Yuan the author. This early eulogy describes a Qu Yuan metamorphosing and bifurcating. According to the version found in Shiji 史記, After sinking in sordid mud, [Qu Yuan] left behind his molted shell in muddled filth to be borne aloft beyond dust, unfettered by the grime of his time, gleaming as one mud cannot sully. In commending this intention, it is apt even to match its brilliance with the sun and the moon. 濯淖汙泥之中,蟬蛻於濁穢,以浮游塵埃之外,不獲世之滋垢,皭然泥而不滓 者也。推此志也,雖與日月爭光可也。 2 1) ἤδη γάρ με κέκληκε θαλάσσιος οἴκαδε νεκρός, τεθνηκὼς ζωῷ φθεγγόμενος στόματι, as translated by Douglas E. -
Gender in Chinese Literary Thought of the Republican Period
26 fL Gender in Chinese literary thought of the Republican period Maria af Sandeberg School of Oriental and African Studies Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ProQuest Number: 11010312 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010312 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract The thesis is about the relationship between gender and Chinese literary thought in the Republican period, focusing on the 1920s and early 1930s. It explores the ways in which gender was described as significant to literature in writings on literature such as literary theory, literary criticism, literary debates, and literary histories. It analyses how critics and literary historians related the gendered concepts "women's literature" (funu wenxue) and "women writers" (nuzuojia) to ideas of modernity and tradition, and to ideas of truth and authenticity in literature. Chapters One and Two establish that "women's literature" was often treated as separate or different from men's literature, and investigate the discourses which provided support for this position. Chapter One shows that traditional women’s poetry, as well as feminism, formed important contexts for Republican period views on gender in literature. -
Imagery of Female Daoists in Tang and Song Poetry
Imagery of Female Daoists in Tang and Song Poetry by Yang Liu B.A. Changchun Normal University, 1985 M.A. Jilin University, 1994 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April, 2011 © Yang Liu, 2011 Abstract This dissertation involves a literary study that aims to understand the lives of female Daoists who lived from the eighth to the twelfth centuries in China. Together with an examination of the various individual qualities manifested in their poetry, this study includes related historical background, biographical information and a discussion of the aspirations and cultural life of the female clergy. Unlike some of the previous scholarship that has examined Daoist deities and mythical figures described in hagiographical texts and literary creations, or on topics such as the Divine Mother of the West and miscellaneous goddesses and fairies, this work takes the perspective of examining female Daoists as historical persons who lived in real Daoist convents. As such, this work concentrates on the assorted images of female Daoists presented in their own poetic works, including those of Yu Xuanji, Li Ye, Yuan Chun, Cao Wenyi and Sun Bu-er. Furthermore, this thesis also examines poetic works about female Daoists written by male literati from both inside and outside the Daoist religion. I do this in order to illustrate how elite men, the group with whom female Daoists interacted most frequently, appreciated and portrayed these special women and their poetry. I believe that a study of their works on Daoist women will not only allow us a better understanding of the nature and characters of female Daoists, but will also contribute to our knowledge of intellectual life in Tang and Song society. -
Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Lu Zhao University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Zhao, Lu, "In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 826. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/826 For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Pursuit of the Great Peace: Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture Abstract This dissertation is focused on communities of people in the Han dynasty (205 B.C.-A.D. 220) who possessed the knowledge of a corpus of texts: the Five Classics. Previously scholars have understood the popularity of this corpus in the Han society as a result of stiff ideology and imperial propaganda. However, this approach fails to explain why the imperial government considered them effective to convey propaganda in the first place. It does not capture the diverse range of ideas in classicism. This dissertation concentrates on Han classicists and treats them as scholars who constantly competed for attention in intellectual communities and solved problems with innovative solutions that were plausible to their contemporaries. This approach explains the nature of the apocryphal texts, which scholars have previously referred to as shallow and pseudo-scientific.