Late Neolithic Multicomponent Sites of the Tisza Region and The

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Late Neolithic Multicomponent Sites of the Tisza Region and The Praehistorische Zeitschrift 2019; aop Abhandlung Robert Hofmann*, Aleksandar Medović, Martin Furholt, Ildiko Medović, Tijana Stanković Pešterac, Stefan Dreibrodt, Sarah Martini, Antonia Hofmann Late Neolithic multicomponent sites of the Tisza region and the emergence of centripetal settlement layouts https://doi.org/10.1515/pz-2019-0003 darüber hinaus interpretieren wir diese Dynamik als Aus- druck eines zeitweise verstärkten überregionalen Trends Zusammenfassung: In der Theiß-Region an der nörd- zu Bevölkerungsagglomeration zwischen etwa 4900 und lichen Peripherie der südosteuropäischen Tellkulturen be- 4700 v. u. Z. Hinsichtlich der Entwicklung von Tellsied- obachten wir zwischen 5300 und 4450 v. u. Z. das Auftre- lungen und Flachsiedlungen zeichnen sich innerhalb des ten gro ßer bevölkerungsreicher Siedlungen, die durch die Theiß-Gebietes erhebliche regionale Unterschiede ab: Im Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Siedlungskomponen- südlichen Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes bilden Tells ten, von Tells, Flachsiedlungen und Kreisgrabenanlagen häufig die Keimzelle später wachsender komplexer Sied- gekennzeichnet sind. In diesem Beitrag ist die Entwick- lungen. Dagegen stellen im Norden eher große Flachsied- lung einer solchen Mehrkomponenten-Siedlung – Borđoš lungen den Ausgangspunkt großer Siedlungen dar. Tells in der serbischen Vojvodina – rekonstruiert, basierend repräsentieren hier entweder räumliche Separierungen auf geophysikalischen Untersuchungen, Ausgrabungen, mit speziellen Funktionen oder stellen das Ergebnis einer systematischen Oberflächenbegehungen und 14C-Datie- länger andauernden Besiedlung in einem kleinen Teil der rungen. Zwischen 4850 und 4700 v. u. Z. wurde in Borđoš ursprünglichen Siedlungsfläche dar. Diese Größenredu- eine bereits länger existierende Tellsiedlung durch eine zierung von Siedlungen oder teils ihre komplette Auflas- große Flachsiedlung ergänzt oder zeitweise ersetzt. Im sung verstehen wir als Teil eines im Karpatenbecken und Kontext ähnlicher Fundstellen aus dem Theiß-Gebiet und dem westlichen Balkan weiträumig sichtbaren Trends hin zu erheblich geringeren Bevölkerungsdichten und räum- *Corresponding author: Robert Hofmann, Kiel University, Institute lich stärker verteilten Siedlungen, der nach 4700 v. u. Z. for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology; CRC 1266 “Scales of einsetzte. Transformation – Human-Environmental Interaction in Prehistoric Aus Tells- und Flachsiedlungskomponenten beste- and Archaic Societies”, Kiel, Germany. hende Großsiedlungen der Theiß-Region zeichnen sich E-Mail: [email protected] Aleksandar Medović, Museum of Vojvodina Novi Sad, durch eine große Diversität hinsichtlich ihrer Größe und Department of Archaeology, Novi Sad, Serbia. räumlichen Konfiguration aus. In Borđoš beobachten wir E-Mail: [email protected] das Auftreten eines in der Region bisher unbekannten zen- Martin Furholt, University of Oslo, Department of Archaeology, tripetalen Siedlungslayouts, in dem die Häuser auf einen Conservation and History, Oslo, Norway. zentralen Platz im Zentrum der Siedlung ausgerichtet sind. E-Mail: [email protected] Wir interpretieren die neuartige Siedlungskonfiguration Ildiko Medović, Novi Sad, Serbia. E-Mail: [email protected] Tijana Stanković Pešterac, Museum of Vojvodina Novi Sad, als das Ergebnis des Zusammenschlusses einer im Hinblick Department of Archaeology, Novi Sad, Serbia. auf kulturellen Hintergrund, Identitäten und Netzwerkein- E-Mail: [email protected] bindung sehr heterogenen Bevölkerung. Demnach können Stefan Dreibrodt, Kiel University, Institute for Ecosystem Research; wir die Gruppierung der Häuser um einen zentralen Platz CRC 1266 „Scales of Transformation – Human-Environmental als Ausdruck einer sozialen Organisation verstehen, die in Interaction in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies”, Kiel, Germany. E-Mail: [email protected] stärkerem Maße als bei Siedlungen mit parallelen Hausrei- Sarah Martini, Yale University, Department of Anthropology, hen auf der Aushandlung kommunaler Belange beruhte. New Haven, USA. E-Mail: [email protected] Antonia Hofmann, University of Applied Science Berlin, Schlüsselworte: Theiß-Region, Spätneolithikum, Archäo- 14 School of Design and Culture, Berlin, Germany. Magnetik, C-Chronologie, Tells, Flachsiedlungen, Kreis- E-Mail: [email protected] grabenanlagen, Mehrkomponenten-Siedlungen, Bevöl- Bereitgestellt von | Universitaetsbibliothek Kiel Angemeldet Heruntergeladen am | 08.11.19 16:23 2 Robert Hofmann et al., Late Neolithic multicomponent sites of the Tisza region kerungsagglomeration, zentripetales Siedlungslayout, Mots clés: région de la Tisza, néolithique tardif, archéo- soziale Organisation. magnétométrie, datation 14C, tells, habitats plats, espaces circulaire, agglomération de population, habitats multi- Résumé: Dans la région de la Tisza, au nord des cultures composants, arrangement centripète d’habitat, organisa- avec des tells typiques du sud-est de l’Europe, de vastes tion sociale. habitats ont été créés, caractérisés par la combinaison de divers composants: des tells, des habitats plats et des Abstract: In the Tisza region, at the northern periphery of espaces clôturés avec tranchées entre 5300 et 4450 ans av. the tell cultures, large settlements characterised by combi- J.-C. Dans cet article, nous avons essayé de reconstruire un nations of tells, flat settlements, and enclosures emerged site archéologique complexe, Bordjos en Voïvodine (Répu- between 5300–4450 BCE. Here, the development of one blique de Serbie), basé sur des recherches géophysiques, such site, Borđoš in the Serbian Vojvodina, is reconstruct- des fouilles, une collection systématique de découvertes ed based on geophysical surveys, excavations, systematic en surface et une datation avec la méthode C14. Entre surface collections, and 14C dating. Between 4850 and 4700 4850 et 4700 av. J.-C., la localisation d’origine du tell a été BCE, the original tell site was complemented or temporari- étendue ou temporairement remplacé par un habitat plat. ly replaced by a large flat settlement. This development is Dans le contexte de découvertes similaires dans la région known from a number of similar sites in the region and is plus large du bassin de la rivière Tisza, on remarque la ten- discussed as a trans-regional phenomenon of accelerated dance de l’agglomération croissante de la population entre population agglomeration in the period between roughly 4900 et 4700 av. J.-C. Cependant, les deux composants de 4900 and 4700 BCE. However, the two components of this ce phénomène: un tell et un habitat plat, montrent des phenomenon, the tell site and the connected extended modèles de développement différents dans certaines flat settlement, show different development trajectories régions. Au sud de la zone explorée, les tells représentent according to sub-region. In the southern part of the study les noyaux initials des grands habitats composants. Au area, tells represent the core of emerging large multicom- contraire de cela, au nord, les grands habitats plats ont ponent sites. Contrastingly, in the north, large flat settle- tendance à représenter le point de départ de l’agglomé- ments tend to be the starting point of local population ration de la population locale. Les tells représentent des agglomerations, and tells represent spatially separated emplacements séparés avec des fonctions spéciales, ou locations with special functions or were the result of a représentent des habitats initials et plus petits qui se sont particular part of the larger flat settlements experiencing développés pour devenir des habitats plats. L’abandon a longer duration of occupation. The complete abandon- complet ou la réduction de la taille de l’habitats après ment and reduction in size of settlements after 4700 BCE 4700 av. J.-C. est considéré comme partie d’une tendance is understood in the context of a transregional trend to- qui conduit à une densité de population beaucoup plus wards settlement dispersal and population decline in the faible et à des habitats dispersés dans le bassin des Car- Carpathian Basin and the whole western Balkans. pates et dans la région des Balkans occidentaux. Les habi- Multicomponent sites in the Tisza region are charac- tats multicomposants de la région de la Tisza se caracté- terised by a great diversity in terms of size and spatial con- risent par une grande diversité de taille et de configuration figuration. In Borđoš we observe the emergence of a com- spatiale. À Bordjos, on voit l’occurance d’un plan complè- pletely new centripetal settlement layout which contrasts tement nouveau et centripète de l’habitat, qui contraste with the previously established arrangement of houses avec la disposition précédemment établie des maisons en in parallel rows. This new phenomenon is interpreted as lignes parallèles. Ce nouveau phénomène est interprété an outcome of a socio-political environment which was comme le résultat d’un environnement sociopolitique characterised by the cohabitation of a heterogeneous pop- caractérisé par la coexistence de populations hétérogènes ulation in terms of cultural background, identity, and con- en termes de contexte culturel, d’identité et de connexion nections to networks of communication and exchange. à des réseaux de communication et d’échange. Ainsi, un Thus, the new settlement layout, which is characterised nouvel arrangement d’habitat, caractérisé par un arran- by a nearly circular arrangement of houses around a cen- gement
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