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Home , Belgrade, Bogojevo, Danube, Tisza

WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR INLAND NAVIGATION ON THE

Title of Report: Status Report National Frame-

work

Work Package 3: Elaborating Waste Management Concepts

Activity 3.1: Defining a Common Frame Work Concept

Output No: 3.9

Work Package Leader/ Organisation: Dr. Ernö Pal, KTI

Activity Leader/ Organisation: Dr. Ernö Pal, KTI

Author/Organisation: Maja Jovanovic

Author/Organisation: Dusko Isakovic

Author/Organisation: Ivan Mitrovic

Preparation of Document: October 2009

Version: 01 – Draft version

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ...... 4 (I) GENERAL INFORMATION...... 5

(I‐1) INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY ...... 5 (I‐2) LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY...... 6 (I‐3) INTRODUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES ...... 8 (I‐3‐1) Highest Governmental Authorities in charge of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection...... 8 (I‐3‐2) Other Governmental Authorities responsible of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection...... 8 (I‐4) INTRODUCTION TO PORTS, SHIPPING COMPANIES AND BASIC SHIPPING DATA...... 12 (I‐4‐1) Ports ...... 12 (I‐4‐2) Shipping Companies...... 14 (I‐4‐3) Basic Shipping Data ...... 15 (II) NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK...... 16

(II‐1) REGULATIONS ON INLAND NAVIGATION...... 16 (II‐2) REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ...... 16 (II‐3) REGULATIONS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT...... 17 (II‐4) REGULATIONS ON WATER MANAGEMENT...... 17 (III) SHIPPING PROCEDURES, FLOW OF GOODS AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS...... 18

(III‐1) DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES ...... 18 (III‐1‐1) Transshipment Methods and Equipment...... 18 (III‐1‐2) Transshipment Methods and Equipment on Serbian Ports ...... 21 (III‐2) INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS ...... 23 (III‐2‐1) Ports ...... 24 (III‐2‐2) Navigation locks ...... 31 (III‐3) STATISTICS ON CAPACITY AND VOLUME OF TRANSPORT ON IWW IN SERBIA ...... 33 (IV) WASTE RELATED PROCEDURES, PROCESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS ...... 36 LITERATURE...... 38

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: BASIC DATA ON PORTS ON THE DANUBE IN SERBIA...... 13 TABLE 2: NUMBER OF REGISTERED VESSELS (END OF 2007)...... 15 TABLE 3: FREIGHT TRANSPORT (END OF 2007) ...... 15 TABLE 4: TRANS‐SHIPMENT METHODS ACCORDING TO CARGO TYPES...... 18 TABLE 5: OUTPUT OF PORT TRANS‐SHIPMENT AQUIPMENT ...... 19 TABLE 6: TYPES OF STORAGE FACILITIES...... 20 TABLE 7: CARRYING CAPACITY OF TRANSPORT (2002‐2007)...... 33 TABLE 8: PHYSICAL VOLUME INDEX OF INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT (2002‐2007)...... 33 TABLE 9: GOODS’ TRAFFIC AT RIVER PORTS (2002‐2007)...... 33 TABLE 10: EXPORT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES (2002‐2007) ...... 34 TABLE 11: IMPORT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES (2002‐2007) ...... 34 TABLE 12: TRANSIT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES (2002‐2007)...... 35 TABLE 13: EXPORT AND IMPORT THROUGH SERBIAN PORTS BY COUNTRIES OF UNLOADING AND LOADING (2006)...... 35

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: DANUBEAN COUNTRIES ...... 6 FIGURE 2: …...... 7 FIGURE 3: ‐ WHERE DANUBE RIVER IS DEEPEST...... 7 FIGURE 4: ...... 7 FIGURE 5: ...... 7 FIGURE 6: PLOVPUT HEADQUARTERS IN …...... 9 FIGURE 7: PLOVPUT’S FLEET IN MAKIS BASE …………… ...... 9 FIGURE 8: IRON GATE NAVIGATION LOCK ...... 10 FIGURE 9: PORTS ON THE DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA ...... 12 FIGURE 10: ...... 13 FIGURE 11: PORT OF …...... 21 FIGURE 12: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA ...... 21 FIGURE 13: PORT OF …...... 21 FIGURE 14: PORT OF BELGRADE …...... 21 FIGURE 15: PORT OF PANCEVO …...... 22 FIGURE 16: PORT OF ...... 22 FIGURE 17: PORT OF PRAHOVO ...... 22 FIGURE 18: PORT OF APATIN …...... 24 FIGURE 19: PORT OF APATIN … ...... 24 FIGURE 20: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA …...... 25 FIGURE 21: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA …...... 25 FIGURE 22: … ...... 26 FIGURE 23: PORT OF NOVI SAD …...... 26 FIGURE 24: PORT OF BELGRADE … ...... 27 FIGURE 25: PORT OF BELGRADE …...... 27 FIGURE 26: PORT OF PANCEVO …...... 28 FIGURE 27: PORT OF PANCEVO …...... 28 FIGURE 28: PORT OF SMEDEREVO … ...... 29 FIGURE 29: PORT OF SMEDEREVO …...... 29 FIGURE 30: PORT OF PRAHOVO …...... 30 FIGURE 31: PORT OF PRAHOVO …...... 30 FIGURE 32: DJERDAP GORGE ...... 31 FIGURE 33: DJERDAP HYDRO‐POWER PLANT ...... 31 FIGURE 34: IRON GATE I NAVIGATION LOCK ...... 31 FIGURE 35: IRON GATE II NAVIGATION LOCK...... 31 FIGURE 36: WASTE CAUSED BY INLAND NAVIGATION ...... 36

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LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

EC European Commission EEA European Environmental Agency EIONET European Environment Information and Observation Network DTD Danube‐‐Danube GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic information system HEPP Hydro‐power plant ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube IWW Inland waterways RS Republic of Serbia RSD Dinar ‐ Official monetary unit in Serbia SEPA Serbian Environmental Protection Agency

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(I) GENERAL INFORMATION

This part of a report contains introduction to the country, information on geography and location, introduction to responsible national authorities, as well as basic info on ports, shipping companies and some statistics on inland navigation.

(I‐1) INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY

Name Republic of Serbia

AREA & CAPITAL Area 88,361 sq km Capital Belgrade Major cities Novi Sad, Nis,

CLIMATE In the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well‐distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland

PEOPLE Population 7.5 million (2002 population census) Ethnic groups Serbian 83%, Hungarian 4%, Bosnian 2%, Albanian 1%, Montenegrin 1%, other 9% (2002 population census) Religions Orthodox 85%, Roman Catholic 5.5%, Muslim 3%, Protestant 1%, other 5.5% (2002 population census) Languages Serbian 88%, Hungarian 3.8%, Bosnian 2%, Albanian 1%, others 5% Life expectancy 71 years (men), 76 years (women)

ECONOMY

GDP $ 45.0 billion (2008) GDP growth rate 5.4% (2008) GDP per capita $ 6,782 (2008) Inflation rate 6.8% (2008)

Exports $ 11 billion (2008) Major markets , , , Imports $ 23 billion (2008) Major suppliers , Germany, Italy, China

Monetary unit RSD = 100 paras

National flag of Serbia

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(I‐2) LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY

The Republic of Serbia is located at the crossroads between Central, Southern and Eastern , between the Balkan Peninsula and the Pannonian . Serbia offers an outstanding potential when river transportation is concerned. Although landlocked, there are around 2000 km of navigable and canals, the largest of which are: Danube, Sava, Tisza, all of which connect Serbia with Northern and (through the ‐‐Danube Canal – route), as well as with (via the Tisa, Timis, Begej and Danube routes) and with (via the Sava river). The two largest Serbian cities – Belgrade ‐ capital of Serbia (with a population of 1.6 million) and Novi Sad (with a population of 334 000), as well as Smederevo (with a population of 110 000) – are major regional Danubian harbors.

The Danube is Europe's second longest river, after the . The river originates in the in Germany as the and rivers which join at the town in Germany, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance of 2850 km, passing through four European capitals, before emptying into the Black Sea in and .

Figure 1: Danubean countries

The total length of the navigable network of the Danube basin is about 5.000 km and comprises the Danube, its tributaries with branches as well as canals. The most important are: Voda‐Constanza canal in Romania, the Sava, the Tisza, the and the network of navigable canals Danube‐Tisza‐Danube (DTD) in Serbia.

As a Pan‐European "Corridor VII", the Danube is an important transport route. The waterway is designed for large scale inland vessels (110×11.45 m) but it can carry

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much larger vessels. The Danube has been partly canalized in Germany (5 locks) and (10 locks). Further proposals to build a number of new locks in order to improve navigation have not progressed, due in part to environmental concerns. Downstream from the Freudenau river plant's locks in , canalization of the Danube was limited to the Gabcíkovo dam and locks near and two double Iron Gate locks (Iron Gate I and Iron Gate II) at the border stretch of the Danube between Serbia and Romania. Downstream of the Iron Gate, the river is free flowing all the way to the Black Sea, with a stretch of more than 860 kilometers long.

Figure 2: Sava Confluence Figure 3: Kazan ‐ Where Danube River is Deepest

Figure 4: Bezdan Figure 5: Donji Milanovac

The stretch of the Danube River in Serbia (from Bezdan to ) is 588 km long, 137.6 km of which is a border line with , and 229.35 km is a border line with Romania. By performing large regulation works on what once used to be a natural flow of the river, navigation was secured in line with the recommendations of the .

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(I‐3) INTRODUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES

There are two groups of authorities: highest (including ministries) and other authorities.

(I‐3‐1) Highest Governmental Authorities in charge of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection

There are numerous governmental organizations as well as services provided by non‐ governmental institutions being of utmost relevance for the proper functioning of the inland navigation system. The highest responsible authorities are: Ministry of Infrastructure, Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water management, and Secretariat for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Province.

Ministry of Infrastructure is responsible for strategy development and enforcement concerning: transportation and traffic infrastructure.

Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning is responsible for strategy and policy development and enforcement concerning: Urban planning, spatial planning and housing, construction, investment and land, planning and management, protection of nature, protection of natural resources, , international cooperation and harmonization of regulations, as well as control and supervision.1

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management is responsible for strategy and policy development and enforcement concerning, among other things, protection of water resources.

Secretariat for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Vojvodina Province is independent administrative body, established in March 2002, with a large number of responsibilities concerning environmental protection like: crating environmental protection and development program for Vojvodina province, environmental monitoring, providing information system for environmental protection and development, etc.

(I‐3‐2) Other Governmental Authorities responsible of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection

The following governmental organizations and services of public interest are relevant for the project: Port Authorities, Jugoregistar, Directorate for Inland Waterways – Plovput, River police, Customs, Iron Gate HEPP, Serbian Environmental Protection

1 Law on Ministries (2008), Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia 65/08

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Agency (SEPA), Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, and Environmental Protection Fund.

Port Authorities – Kapetanije – are regional offices of the Ministry of Infrastructure. Port Authorities perform administrative and other professional tasks in the field of inland waterway traffic ensuring the safety of navigation along the respective river sector within their responsibility. There are 9 Port Authority Offices along the Danube, located in Bezdan, Apatin, Novi Sad, Beograd, Pancevo, Smederevo, Veliko Gradiste, and Prahovo.

Jugoregistar is the administrative institution which performs activities of public interest as follows: establishing the fitness for navigation of belonging to the merchant marine by performing the technical survey during on ships; establishing the safety of gear for loading the cargo into the ship or discharging from the ship; tonnage measurement of ships; issuing the documents to ships as empowered by the law; establishing the technical conditions for types of machinery, engines, equipment and materials that are installed into ships or serve to keep the fitness for navigation of ships; following and studying the causes of accidents of ships caused by malfunctioning or shortcomings of the construction of hull, engines, machinery and equipment which is serving for the safety of navigation.

Directorate for Inland Waterways ‐ Plovput performs professional works and activities of state administration dealing with maintaining of navigability and marking of inland waterways, research and production of design documentation in the field of safety of navigation and regulation works on river courses, hydrographic surveys, river training works on inland waterways, introduction and development of river information services, etc.

Figure 6: Plovput Headquarters in Belgrade Figure 7: Plovput’s Fleet in Makis Base

River police and special police forces (gendarmerie), as well as , are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior and take care of the safety protection in the Republic of Serbia, of persons and goods, abiding by traffic rules on waterways and safety and protection of the state border from illegal crossing and smuggling along the waterways. Also, there is fire fighting unit operating on the IW

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network and having an adequate vessel – MS “Vatrogasac” being capable to extinguish fire on floating objects and facilities in direct vicinity of river banks. This special ship is also equipped for some other rescue, salvage and salvage support actions.

Customs administration is organized under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Serbia. Customs services are performed over the Central Customs Administration located in Belgrade as well as by its regional customs offices in Bezdan, Apatin, Backa Palanka, Novi Sad, Beograd, Pancevo, Smederevo, Veliko Gradiste, Kladovo and Prahovo.

The river locks at hydro‐electric power plants Iron Gate 1 (Danube km 943) and Iron Gate 2 (km 864) are the only locks at the Serbian section of the Danube. There are two identical double‐stage locks, one on Romanian and one on Serbian side. Each chamber is 34 m wide and has 310 m usable length. Total lockage time is about one and a half hour due to a double stage operation. The Iron Gate 2, put in operation in 1984, is non‐symmetrical: there is a on the Romanian side of the border which is cut by navigational canal with two parallel Romanian lock chambers. The larger chamber corresponds to the size of those on Iron Gate 1while the smaller one measures 140 x 14 m. The lock on the Serbian river arm on the main course of the river has only one large chamber 310 x 34 m.

Figure 8: Iron Gate navigation lock

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Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) ‐ located in Belgrade, performs activities as follows: development, regulation and maintenance of the national information system for environmental protection; environmental data acquisition, centralization and processing, reporting about the state of the environment and policy; development of the procedures for environmental data processing and evaluation information management about best available techniques and their implementation in the field of environmental protection; cooperation with the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET).

Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia ‐ is governmental organization located in Belgrade. It performs activities on collecting habitat and species data, storing the data in database, creating GIS layers with detail distribution for habitats, plant and animal species etc.

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(I‐4) INTRODUCTION TO PORTS, SHIPPING COMPANIES AND BASIC SHIPPING DATA

This part of a report gives basic data on ports and shipping companies operating in Serbia, as well as some basic statistics.

(I‐4‐1) Ports

Ports on the Danube River in Serbia are: Apatin, Bogojevo, Backa Palanka, Beocin, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Pancevo, Smederevo, Kladovo, and Prahovo. 2 Location of ports is shown on the Map 2.

Figure 9: Ports on the Danube River in Serbia

2 http://www.danubeports.info/index.php?id=1206

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Some basic data on ports are summarized in the Table 1. More detailed info on capacity and services for each port is given in the Chapter III of the report.

Table 1: Basic data on ports on the Danube River in Serbia Port Km Bank Total area No. of Water No. of Winter (m2) Basins depth Betrhs Harbour (m) Apatin 1.401 Left 46.830 2 NA 10 yes Bogojevo 1.367 Left Backa Palanka 1.295 Left 1.168.100 1 3 1 yes Beocin 1.269 Right Novi Sad 1.254 Left 350.000 6 4 36 yes Belgrade 1.168 Right 1.000.000 1 (min) 4 NA yes Pancevo 1.153 Left 2.400.000 1 5 9 yes Smederevo (old) 1.116 Right 1 2 Smederevo (new) 1.111 Right 31.000 1 8 2 yes Kladovo 933 Right Prahovo 861 Right 70.473 1 4‐5 7 yes Source: http://www.danubeports.info

Figure 10: Port of Belgrade

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(I‐4‐2) Shipping Companies

The following commercial organizations have been identified to be relevant for the project:

Yugoslavian River Shipment ‐ Jugoslovensko recno brodarstvo (JRB), Belgrade The activities include but are not limited to: transportation of combined merchandise, containers and special extra cargo, merchandise packed in bales, passenger transportation.

Holding Dunav Grupa It is the owner of Heroj Pinki (Novi Sad), BBP Shipping and Dredging Company (Belgrade), Napredak (Apatin), and Brodarstvo ().

Heroj Pinki, Novi Sad The activities include but are not limited to: transport of all kinds of cargo (general, bulk, liquid and container cargo), tug‐vessels icebreakers, dredging.

BBP Shipping and Dredging Company, Belgrade The activities include but are not limited to: transport of dry goods, dredging, RoRo transport.

Brodarstvo Krajina, Prahovo The activities include but are not limited to: transport of cargo, tug‐vessels icebreakers.

RTD d.o.o. Commercial operator in Belgrade with fleet of passenger vessels.

DTSG ‐ Donau‐Tankschiffahrts G.M.B.H. Freight forwarder for liquid goods, white derivates, black derivates, chemicals and dangerous goods.

Kamenko Gagrcin The activities include but are not limited to: transport of all kinds of cargo, especially gravel. It has a fleet of 18 vessels, with total capacity of 12,000t.3

3 http://www.priv.yu

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(I‐4‐3) Basic Shipping Data

The inland fleet, used for transport of passengers and cargo, holds of great capacities. Total of 705 vessels were registered in the Republic of Serbia at the end of 2007.4 The fleet and freight is presented in Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2: Number of registered vessels (end of 2007) Tugs 95 Push tugs 60 Self‐propelled barges 96 Tankers 12 Dumb barges 132 Dumb tankers 40 Pushed barges 270 Total 705 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

Table 3: Freight transport (end of 2007) Cargo vessels Transport of goods, thousands of tones Tonkilome‐ Total Carrying Total National Exports Imports Transit Traffic ters, 1) capacity, transport between million thousand foreign s ports 1) tones 550 495 5,379 4,277 214 628 259 1 1,584 1) Total number of freight ships refers to stock situation, but not to the registered ships number, technically ready for sailing Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

4 Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

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(II) NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Legal framework in Serbia consists of regulations on inland navigation, environment protection, waste management, and water management.

(II‐1) REGULATIONS ON INLAND NAVIGATION

As to Inland Navigation in the Republic of Serbia is in force LАW ON INLAND NAVIGATION (Official Gazette SRS 54/90, Official Gazette RS 53/93, 67/93, 48/94,101/2005). This low complies with the international or interstate regimes of navigation, as well as the navigation on IWWs which flow through two or more states, or forms a border between two or more states; basic terms of navigation on the Danube apply, adopted by the Danube Commission on the 48th session, held on 25th of April, 1990 in .

There are also some other laws in force that regulates Inland navigation such as: • Law on maritime and inland navigation (Official Gazette SRJ 12/98, 44/99, 74/99, 73/00) • Directive that regulates conditions that must be complied with by ports designated for international waterborne traffic (Official Gazette RS 28/98) • Directive that regulates conditions under which foreign ships are allowed to navigate on waterways in Federal Republic of so they can enter Yugoslavian port open for international traffic (Official Gazette SRJ 5/98) • Regulations on Navigation on Inland waterways (Official Gazette SFRJ 22/77, 13,82, 30/85, 80/89 i 29/90) • Convention regarding the Regime of navigation on the Danube (Belgrade 1948) • Convention on Co‐operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River ( 1994)

(II‐2) REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

In July 2003, the Serbian Government adopted the first Action Plan for the Approximation of Domestic Laws with the Acquis Communautaire. An update of the Action Plan has been formally adopted by the Government every year since then. Importantly, a new legal framework for environmental protection was introduced in 2004 through the enactment of the following new laws: • Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette RS 135/04), • Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette RS 135/04), • Law on Strategic Impact Assessment (Official Gazette RS 135/04), • Law on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) (Official Gazette RS 135/04). These laws are fully harmonized with the EU Directives on Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Impact Assessment, IPPC, and Public Participation such as:

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• COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending DIRECTIVE 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, • COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, • Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment, • DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC, • Council Directive 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the freedom of access to information on the environment

(II‐3) REGULATIONS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management in Serbia is regulated through the following regulations: • Law on ratification of convention on the control of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal (1999) • Law on waste handling (1996) • Regulations on determining the location and operations of waste disposal sites (1992)

(II‐4) REGULATIONS ON WATER MANAGEMENT

As to water management the most important is LАW ON WATERS (Official Gazette RS 46/91, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 54/96, 101/05) along with the WATER MASTER PLAN OF SERBIA (2001) that defines water policy in the Republic of Serbia. Apart from them, there are also some other laws that regulate the matter in the field of water management, such as: • Water Regime Law (Official Gazette SRJ 54/98), • Law on Utilization and Protection Water Resources (Official Gazette SRJ 27/77, 24/85, 29/88, 49/89, Official Gazette 46/91) • Water Master Plan of Serbia (2001)

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(III) SHIPPING PROCEDURES, FLOW OF GOODS AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

This part of report contains information on shipping procedures, infrastructure components and its capacities in the Republic of Serbia.

(III‐1) DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES

After successful announcement, registration and anchorage of a vessel in port, customs service is required for a vessel which enters or leaves country. The next step in shipping procedure is a task for Service of coastal load/unload which has to create the delivery order.

Port's authority (officials) is responsible for a trans‐shipment plan in accordance with the delivery order. As soon as the plan is completed trans‐shipment procedures can commence. In processes of loading/unloading of cargo, it is essential to follow closely captain's instructions concerning safety of passengers, equipment and cargo as well as instructions for cargo distribution. All trans‐shipment procedures are performed in accordance with the Law on maritime and inland navigation (Official Gazette SRJ 12/98, 44/99,74/99, 73/00).

(III‐1‐1) Transshipment Methods and Equipment

In the transport sector usually, goods are classified to sector and industry, the processing stage of the goods or according to their aggregate status. The classification of goods presented in Table 4 and Table 5 is based on trans‐shipment methods and composition of the cargo, whereby differentiation is made between general cargo and bulk cargo.

Table 4: Trans‐shipment methods according to cargo types General Cargo Bulk Cargo Heterogeneous Break‐bulk incl. paper rolls Bulk Cargo incl. coals, ores Liquid Cargo incl. Cargo and containers and grain fuels, derivates and chemicals Ro/Ro Hooks, grabbers, Ro/Ro Grabbers Suction Pumps spreaders equipment Trans‐shipment Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 57

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Table 5: Output of port trans‐shipment aquipment Lifting and slewing Lifting and slewing Gantry crane crane up to 15t crane up to 30t (bridge)up to 40t Grab operation 120 t/h 160 t/h 200 t/h Hook operation 80 t/h 100 t/h 120 t/h General cargo 40 t/h 50 t/h 60 t/h Spreader 15 Container/h 25 Container/h Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 57

Gantry Crane

Gantry cranes are primarily used to trans‐ship containers, but can also be used for other goods, such as metals and coals. Capacity comes to approximately 25 containers by using a spreader.

Luffing and Slewing Crane

A luffing and slewing crane is a universally used transhipment crane and is suited for transshipping goods with hoods or grabbers. Procurement costs are significantly less then those of a bridge crane.

Mobile Crane

Mounted on rubber tyres, mobile cranes can be moved easily in the port area; they are flexible and can be used to trans‐ship different cargo. Performance lays below that of specialized cranes.

Ro/Ro Ramps

Trans‐shipping roll‐on/roll off units requires the ports to have ramp equipment. Numerous Danube ports are equipped with Ro/Ro ramps.

Suction and Pumping Equipment: Trans‐shipping Liquid Goods

Special suction and pumping equipment is used for trans‐shipping liquid goods. This equipment, so‐called fillers, are docked onto the tanker ship using a swinging arm and the cargo is pumped directly into storage tanks or waiting railway cars or trucks, and vice versa, tankers are filled from the warehouse. Since the majority of liquid goods are classified as dangerous goods, tank loading areas are subject to stringent safety standards.

Covered Trans‐shipment

Trans‐shipping goods in a covered building that is cantilevered over the water and protected along the sides from the rain allows wetness‐sensitive goods, such as

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magnesite, steel cylinders or fertilisers, to be manoeuvred regardless of the weather. Ideally the vessel can enter the building completely.

Trans‐shipment of Heavy Goods

Special port infrastructure, the appropriate logistics and trans‐shipment equipment, such as pallets for heavy goods and special cranes, are required for trans‐shipping heavy goods. In open sea ports, trans‐shipment's from inland navigation vessels to sea going vessels and vice versa are often carried out using a floating crane.

Conveying and Lifting Machinery

Continuous conveyor belts also used in the trans‐shipment of cargo, for example for loading and unloading inland navigation vessels with grain. The company Liebherr constructed a new stacker with a curved stretching arm at the beginning of 2004. With this construction, containers can be loaded and unloaded directly from the inland navigation vessel.

Forklifts are also used for manoeuvring containers laterally, in addition to reach stackers. For a host of products, such as log wood, paper cylinders, coils, etc. Special equipment, such as clamps or grippers, is required to ensure the efficient and damage‐free trans‐shipment of cargo.

Types of Warehouses

Warehouses are taking on increased importance as a consequence of the modernization of commercial logistics, for example as a distribution warehouse offering more added values thanks to supplemental services, such as assembling. Depending on the intended purpose, there are three different kinds of warehouses: storage warehouses, trans‐shipment and distribution warehouses. As regards construction, there are open storage facilities, covered storage facilities and special purpose storage facilities.

Table 6: Types of storage facilities Function Storage Warehouse Trans‐shipment Distribution Warehouse Construction Warehouse Open Storage for bulk cargo, Ore Warehouse for bulk gravel cargo and container yards Covered Sulphur, salt Paper cylinders Car tyres Special function Soil for grain Bentonite Car silo Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 65

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Storing Bulk Goods

A few inland ports have modern storage facilities and boxes for bulk goods. These boxes have a special roof construction with a wide opening, enabling the cargo to be unloaded directly from the vessel to the storage facility by crane. Each box can contain one type of raw material.

(III‐1‐2) Transshipment Methods and Equipment on Serbian Ports

Apatin (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 1 t, mobile cranes: 1, capacity: 50t, fork‐lifters: 1(<3t), trucks: 3, other: 3 wheel‐loaders, 2 bulldozers, 1 crawling excavator, trans‐ shipment capacity: general cargo: 50‐90 t, bulk cargo: 60‐100 t/h)

Figure 11: Port of Apatin Figure 12: Port of Backa Palanka

Backa Palanka (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 6.12t, fork‐lifters: 1(<3t), other: 3 wheel‐ loaders, trans‐shipment capacity: general cargo: 25 t/h, bulk cargo: 100 t/h)

Novi Sad (gantry cranes: 4, capacity: 2x5, 1x6‐12, 1x16‐27 t, fork‐lifters: (3‐5t), 6x3t, (>5t) 2x12.5t, other: 2 tractors, 7 bulldozers, 3x3 m3,2x0.7 m3 loading equipment, trans‐shipment capacity: general cargo: 5 items/h, bulk cargo: 100t/h, containers: 12 TEU/h)

Figure 13: Port of Novi Sad Figure 14: Port of Belgrade

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Belgrade (gantry cranes: 10, capacity: 6 t, other cranes: 1 bridge crane, capacity: 50/20 t, 1 bridge crane, capacity: 16/8 t, fork‐lifters: 41 (<3 t), (>5 t) 8 (2x12.5t), reach‐stackers: 1, trucks: 2, cisterns: 2, other: 2 motor hoists (12‐40 t), covered water trans‐shipment, trans‐shipment capacity: general cargo: 1500 t/h, bulk cargo: 1000 t/h, containers: 12000 TEU/year)

Pancevo (gantry cranes: 3, capacity: 20‐27.5 t, 5 mobile cranes, capacity: 18‐32.5t, 1 floating crane, capacity: 5 t, other cranes: 2 tower cranes, capacity: 8‐16 t, fork‐ lifters: 12 (<3 t), 3(3‐5 t), 5 (>5 t), trucks: 3, cisterns: 14, semi–trailers: 11, other: 15 trailers, 3 buses, 7 dredgers, trans‐shipment capacity: general cargo: 200 t/h, bulk cargo: 1000 t/h, containers: 50 TEU/h)

Figure 15: Port of Pancevo Figure 16: Port of Smederevo

Smederevo (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 1 t, mobile cranes: 2, capacity: 10 t, floating cranes: 2, capacity: 5 t and 16 t, trans‐shipment capacity: general cargo: 185 t/h, bulk cargo: 165 t/h)

Prahovo (gantry cranes: 4, capacity: 1 t, 5 t, 6 t, 10 t, fork‐lifters: 1(<3 t), other: 1 tractor, transhipment capacity: general cargo: 55000 t/h, bulk cargo: 400 t/h)

Figure 17: Port of Prahovo

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(III‐2) INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Danube is regarded as a natural navigable route, which has been regulated for navigation for centuries. The remains of the specially constructed boardwalks on the river bank, which was used for tugging the boats with cattle or men power, over 2000 years old, could be seen in the stones of Djerdap, up to the level of the rise of Accumulation Lake. With introducing the use of steam ships, and their intensive use on the Danube in the second half of the 19th century, the importance of regulating and sorting of the IWWs increased, in the sense that larger ships were directed to navigate in the mid part of the river, and the smaller ones nearer to the river banks. (During that period the importance of the Danube for international navigation has been confirmed. The works on regulating of complicated parts of the river started, including the Djerdap , for the ships navigating with self‐propellers, and not only for upstream tuggers.But, only in the 20th century along the Danube, the necessary multi‐regulations have been performed, in accordance to hydraulicity, hydro‐engineering and transport interests of certain Danube countries. Multifunctional dams were constructed and accumulation lakes were formed ‐ in order to use the exisiting hydro‐energetic potential. From 1996 to 2000, on the part of the Danube from Bad Abaha at to Prahovo, on the total length of 1.551 km, 17 multifanctional dams with locks have been constructed and accumulation lakes were formed on locations which were once the most difficult sectors for navigating.

On the part from to Vienna, a total of 14 dams have been constructed, for hydro‐ plants and for the need of improving the navigation. Only at the sectors which did not have the conditions for the hydro‐plants to be constructed on them, regulatory works were performed for securing deeper depths during periods of low waters, but the effects were not satisfactory. The necessary navigability was not reached on a couple of spots at the Hungarian‐Slovakian, Bulgarian‐Romanian, and Romanian sector of the Danube. Also, massive works for deepening the river‐bed and the Danube fairway were accomplished by dredging the gravel and sand for the needs of . As per the data collected, in the period 1950‐1990, a total of some 400 million tons of sand and gravel was dredged from the Danube river‐bed, meaning the fairway was deepened by 3 m at the width of 200 m and the length of 400 km, i.e. it was deepened for 1 m at the width of 200 m and the length of about 1.200 km. Even though the dredging of the sand and gravel was not performed only on the part of the river where the fairway is located, but also from the river‐bed, the positive effects of those works on the navigability are immeasurable, as well as are the benefits for the economy related to the waters of deepening and cleaning the river‐bed.

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(III‐2‐1) Ports

There are 10 ports on the Danube River in Serbia. Those are: Apatin, Bogojevo, Backa Palanka, Beocin, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Pancevo, Smederevo, Kladovo, and Prahovo.

(III‐2‐1‐1) Port of Apatin

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.401 Bank: left Total area: 46.830 m2 No. of basins: 2 Water depth: NA Permissible draught: 3m No. of berths: 10 Operational shore zone: 4.500 2 Length of quay: 180m Vertical: 180m Winter harbour

CONNECTION Railway Road

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Lifting capacity ‐ 1t Mobile cranes: 1 Lifting capacity ‐ 50t

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 60‐100 t/h General cargo: 50‐90 t/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Open storage: 25.000 m2

ADDITIONAL SERVICES Bridge scales, , Customs office

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal Bilge/water disposal Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 18: Port of Apatin Figure 19: Port of Apatin

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(III‐2‐1‐2) Port of Backa Palanka

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.295 Bank: left Total area: 1,168, 000 m2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 3m Permissible draught: 2.5m No. of berths: 1 Operational shore zone: 5,000 2 Length of quay: 50m Winter harbour: 7,000 m2

CONNECTION Road

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Lifting capacity ‐ 6.12t

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 100 t/h General cargo: 25 t/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 1,000 m2 Open storage: 12,000 m2 Customs storage: 500 m2

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal: 12 m2 Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 20: Port of Backa Palanka Figure 21: Port of Backa Palanka

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(III‐2‐1‐3) Port of Novi Sad

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.254 Bank: left Total area: 350, 000 m2 No. of basins: 6 Water depth: 4m Permissible draught: 8m No. of berths: 36 Operational shore zone: 10,000 2 Length of quay: 800m Vertical: 126m Winter harbour: 63,900 m2

CONNECTION Railway Road

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 4 Lifting capacity ‐ 2 x 5, 1 x 6 ‐ 12, 1 x 16 ‐ 27t Fork‐lifters: 6 x 3t, 2 x 12.5t

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 100 t/h General cargo: 5 t/h Containers: 12 TEU/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 40,000 m2 Open storage: 45,000 m2 Customs storage: 4,800 m2

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 22: Port of Novi Sad Figure 23: Port of Novi Sad

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(III‐2‐1‐4) Port of Belgrade

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.168 Bank: right Total area: 1,000,000 m2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 4m Permissible draught: 3m No. of berths: NA Operational shore zone: 940 m2 Length of quay: 3,643m Vertical: 338m Winter harbour: for 20‐25 vessels

CONNECTION Railway Road ‐ distance to highway 5km Passenger terminal: 90m2

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 10 Lifting capacity ‐ 6t Bridge crane: 2 Lifting capacity ‐ 50/20t, 16/8t Fork‐lifters: 8 (5‐14t)

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 1,000 t/h General cargo: 1,500 t/h Containers: 12,000 TEU/year

STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 300,000 m2 Racks: 4,000 m2 Open storage: 650,000 m2 Storage for hazardous materials: 900 m2 Customs storage: 21,000 m2 Free port zone: 5,000 m2

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 24: Port of Belgrade Figure 25: Port of Belgrade

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(III‐2‐1‐5) Port of Pancevo

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.153 Bank: left Total area: 2,400,000 m2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 5m Permissible draught: 3.8m No. of berths: 9 Operational shore zone: 760 m2 Length of quay: 760m Vertical: 760m Winter harbour: 210,000 m2

CONNECTION Railway Road

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 3 Lifting capacity ‐ 20‐27t Mobile cranes: 5 Lifting capacity ‐ 18‐32.5t Floating cranes: 1 Lifting capacity ‐ 5t Fork‐lifters: (<3 t): 12, (3‐5 t): 3, (>5 t): 5

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 1,000 t/h General cargo: 200 t/h Containers: 50 TEU/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 40,000 m2 Open storage: 200,000 m2 Special storage: 2,700 m2 Customs storage: 2,700 m2 Free port zone: 18,820 m2

FURTHER TRANSHIPMENT DEVICES Liquid cargo terminal, Conveyor belt, Ro‐Ro ramps for cars, trucks and rail wagons, Lumber stackers: 2, Paper clamps: 1

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal, Bilge/water disposal Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 26: Port of Pancevo Figure 27: Port of Pancevo

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(III‐2‐1‐6) Port of Smederevo

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 1.113 Bank: right Total area: 31,000 m2 No. of basins: 1+1 Water depth: 8m Permissible draught: 5m No. of berths: 2+2 Operational shore zone: 400+172 m2 Length of quay: NA Winter harbour

CONNECTION Railway Road Passenger terminal: 500m2

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Lifting capacity ‐ 1t Mobile cranes: 2 Lifting capacity ‐ 10t Floating cranes: 2 Lifting capacity ‐ 5‐6t

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 165 t/h General cargo: 185 t/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 500 m2 Racks Open storage: 30,000 m2 Customs storage: 500 m2

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 28: Port of Smederevo Figure 29: Port of Smederevo

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(III‐2‐1‐7) Port of Prahovo

PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 861 Bank: right Total area: 70,473 m2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 4‐5m Permissible draught: 2.7m No. of berths: 7 Length of quay: 560m Vertical: 320m Sloped: 240m Winter harbour

CONNECTION Railway Road

TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 4 Lifting capacity ‐ 1t, 5t, 6, 10t Fork‐lifters: (<3 t): 1

TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 165 t/h General cargo: 185 t/h

STORAGE FACILITIES Open storage: 2,000 m2 Customs storage: 800 m2 Free port zone

MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water

Figure 30: Port of Prahovo Figure 31: Port of Prahovo

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(III‐2‐2) Navigation locks

Located on the Danube River where it borders Romania in eastern Serbia, the Djerdap National Park covers 64,000 hectares and contains some of the country's most impressive natural beauty and archeological sites. The park runs along the Danube from Golubacki to the dam at Sip and has its administrative offices in Donji Milanovac. The main feature of the national park is the Djerdap Gorge, known as the Iron Gate. The gorge stretches nearly 100 kilometers alongside the slopes of the , creating a wide and deep section of the Danube. Here is one of the deepest river points found in the world at over 80 meters. The gorge is actually a river formed of three gorges (Gornja klisura, Gospodjin vir, Veliki and Mali Kazan) separated by ravines. Where the river narrows to 150 meters, at Kazan, cliffs rise up over 300 meters to make for an impressive view.

Figure 32: Djerdap Gorge Figure 33: Djerdap Hydro‐power Plant

The river locks at hydro‐electric power plants Iron Gate 1 (Danube km 943) and Iron Gate 2 (km 864) are the only locks at the Serbian section of the Danube. There are two identical double‐stage locks, one on Romanian (operational sine 1969) and one on Serbian side (operational since 1970). Each chamber is 34 m wide and has 310 m usable length. Total lockage time is about one and a half hour due to a double stage operation.

Figure 34: Iron Gate I Navigation Lock Figure 35: Iron Gate II Navigation Lock

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The Iron Gate II, put in operation in 1984, is non‐symmetrical: there is a river island on the Romanian side of the border which is cut by navigational canal with two parallel Romanian lock chambers. The larger chamber corresponds to the size of those on Iron Gate I, while the smaller one measures 140 x 14 m. The lock on the Serbian river arm on the main course of the river has only one large chamber 310 x 34 m.

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(III‐3) STATISTICS ON CAPACITY AND VOLUME OF TRANSPORT ON IWW IN SERBIA

Inland waterway transport in the Republic of Serbia is increasing since 2002. It can be observed through parameters such as carrying capacity, index of physical volume of transport, export, import, and transit through river ports. Data on carrying capacity of vessels registered in Serbia is given in Table7. Index of physical volume of IWW transport in Serbia is given in Table8. Detailed time series from 2002 to 2007 on goods’ traffic at river ports is shown in Table 9.

Table 7: Carrying capacity of transport (2002‐2007) Year Ton of carrying capacity, thous. t 2002 431 2003 435 2004 383 2005 404 2006 531 2007 336 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

Table 8: Physical volume index of Inland waterway transport (2002‐2007) Year Transport (Freight) – Total 2002 100.0 2003 77.1 2004 103.0 2005 149.8 2006 151.4 2007 146.3 2002=100 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

Table 9: Goods’ traffic at river ports (2002‐2007) Year Traffic Transit Total traffic1) National traffic International traffic Total Loadin Unloa Total Loadin Unloa Total Export Imports Total Upstrea Down‐ g ding g ding s m stream 2002 8985 3966 5019 5761 2880 2880 3224 1085 2139 2703 1646 1057 2003 6894 2360 4534 3904 1952 1952 2990 408 2582 2603 1734 869 2004 8717 2876 5841 4824 2412 2412 3893 464 3429 3288 2164 1124 2005 15046 6338 8708 10318 5159 5159 4728 1179 3549 4400 2105 2295 2006 14024 6045 7979 9146 4573 4573 4878 1472 3406 4512 2322 2190 2007 14515 5975 8540 8554 4277 4277 5961 1698 4263 5491 2520 2971 Thous. tons 1) Transit excluded. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334

Data on export, import, and transit through river ports in Serbia by the type of commodities in presented in Table 10, Table 11, and Table 12.

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Table 10: Export through river ports in Serbia by commodities (2002‐2007) Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Exports 1085 408 464 1179 1472 1698 Cereals 504 91 26 503 739 841 Fresh fruit and vegetables 1.1 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Other food products, beverages and tobacco 141 53 63 25 8,6 16 Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats 3,5 2,4 ‐ 4,0 ‐ ‐ Wood and cork 34 17 13 8,0 6,4 2 Fertilizers 8,4 12 14 9,0 6,6 15 Non‐metallic minerals, crude 21 15 10 167 276 143 Iron ore, scrap iron 25 4,3 14 3,0 9,5 20 Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates 2,7 17 33 25 5,5 14 Other raw materials 9,3 3,4 1,0 ‐ ‐ 52 Solid fuels 1,4 ‐ 2,0 15 17 133 Crude petroleum and derivates, gas 128 68 46 65 77 63 Tars, coal derivates and natural gas 2.2 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 3 Chemical products ‐ 1,3 2,0 11 3,0 20 Lime, cement and other mineral goods 2,0 3,1 3,0 45 54 39 Metals 170 105 189 268 247 310 Metal products 23 12 45 2,0 4,8 9 Machinery and transport equipment 0,7 ‐ 1,0 18 9,3 1 Miscellaneous commodities 7,7 3,5 2,0 11 8,3 17 Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335

Table 11: Import through river ports in Serbia by commodities (2002‐2007) Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Imports 2139 2582 3429 3579 3406 4263 Cereals 39 56 101 34 20 44 Fresh fruit and vegetables ‐ ‐ ‐ 2 ‐ ‐ Other food products, beverages and tobacco 221 152 182 75 55 59 Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats ‐ ‐ ‐ 3,0 8,4 11 Wood and cork 1,2 2,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 2 Fertilizers 134 190 325 313 362 452 Non‐metallic minerals, crude 155 69 177 145 129 105 Iron ore, scrap iron 535 946 1208 1402 1621 2053 Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates 29 140 64 116 87 52 Other raw materials 19 14 19 18 16 15 Solid fuels 307 446 573 564 409 471 Crude petroleum and derivates, gas 320 164 167 447 256 387 Tars, coal derivates and natural gas 1,0 0,1 ‐ 5,0 ‐ 1 Chemical products 41 17 20 53 32 106 Lime, cement and other mineral goods 7,6 3,2 52 18 ‐ 3 Metals 231 277 404 294 376 461 Metal products 69 70 87 15 13 14 Machinery and transport equipment 0,2 1,7 7,0 37 3,7 2 Miscellaneous commodities 29 34 42 37 17 25 Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335

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Table 12: Transit through river ports in Serbia by commodities (2002‐2007) Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Transit 2703 2603 3288 4400 4512 5491 Cereals 583 370 556 1281 1238 1660 Fresh fruit and vegetables ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Other food products, beverages and tobacco 315 518 438 114 20 29 Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats 8,9 2,0 6,0 24 10 23 Wood and cork 7,8 7,0 13 2,0 9,3 3 Fertilizers 119 172 160 107 79 166 Non‐metallic minerals, crude 18 12 65 143 320 85 Iron ore, scrap iron 1085 809 936 1567 1669 2093 Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates 46 55 33 55 66 34 Other raw materials 11 10 17 23 6,6 69 Solid fuels 23 60 201 203 127 195 Crude petroleum and derivates, gas ‐ 7,0 33 79 93 130 Tars, coal derivates and natural gas ‐ ‐ ‐ 2 ‐ 4 Chemical products 11 12 11 13 20 42 Lime, cement and other mineral goods 2,5 10 7,0 33 2,1 ‐ Metals 243 343 544 436 648 680 Metal products 57 63 49 6,0 11 37 Machinery and transport equipment 27 27 39 113 76 70 Miscellaneous commodities 144 126 180 176 117 171 Special transactions 0.6 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Goods in lots and parcels 1.2 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335

Data on export and import through Serbian ports by countries of unloading and loading is presented in Table13.

Table 13: Export and import through Serbian ports by countries of unloading and loading (2006) Total AUS BUL B&H HUN GER ROM SLO CRO UKR Rest Export 1472105 46940 123203 850 54907 233173 835325 10187 4185 156353 6982 Import 3406317 47115 22982 1572 88188 15777 1693480 6073 4746 1516297 10087 Thous. tons Source: http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/drugastrana.php?Sifra=0005&izbor=odel&tab=49

Some conclusions from statistical data on Serbian IWW can be summarized: • Carrying capacity and physical volume index are increasing since 2002; • National traffic on IWW is bigger than international, but smaller than the sum of international and transit traffic; • Export, import, and transit are increased since 2002; and • Import dominates upon export.

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(IV) WASTE RELATED PROCEDURES, PROCESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment and to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods, procedures and fields of expertise for each. The structure of inland navigation related waste and it's major resources is shown at Figure 36.

Waste caused by inland navigation

Ship borne waste Waste caused by cargo

Oily and greasy Other ship ship borne waste borne waste Washing water Slops

Used oil Domestic sewage

Bilge water Domestic refus

Other oily and Sewage sludge greasy waste Other hazardous waste Used grease, filters, rags, bundles and packaging of such waste Other Other hazardous waste ship caused by borne inland waste navigation

Paint, varnish, resolvents etc.

Figure 36: Waste caused by inland navigation

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There are different types of disposal facilities, specially designed for different kind of waste caused by inland navigation, of which the most important are: waste disposal, bilge‐water disposal, bunkering facilities etc.

Unfortunately, none of these disposal facilities or procedures are established in Republic of Serbia except in the Port of Apatin (waste disposal, bilge‐water disposal), Port of Backa Palanka (waste disposal) and Port of Pancevo (waste disposal, bilge‐water disposal). Consequently, this creates opportunity, rarely unused, for vessels to dispose all of their waste anywhere within Serbian waters. Therefore, gravitiy of situation dictates establishment of proper infrastructure, procedures, regulations and monitoring of waste disposal.

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LITERATURE http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs http://www.danubeports.info http://www.priv.yu Law on Ministries, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia 65/08, 2008 Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007 Statistical Yearbook of Serbia, Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2008

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