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Tropentag 2009 International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development

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Tropentag 2009 International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development Tropentag 2009 International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development Biophysical and socio-economic frame conditions for the sustainable management of natural resources Book of Abstracts Editor: Eric Tielkes Reviewers/scientific committee: Mariam Akhtar-Schuster, Jörg Ganzhorn, Norbert Jürgens, Brigitte Kaufmann, Michael Kirk, Michael Krawinkel, Reinhard Lieberei, Joachim Müller, Björn Niere, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, Jobst-Michael Schröder, Hermann Waibel Editorial assistance: Andreas Deininger, Aline dos Santos Neutzling Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detailierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloguing in Publication-Data (CIP) Tropentag 2009, Book of Abstracts Biophysical and Socio-economic Frame Conditions for the Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: International research on food security, natural resource management and rural development, Hamburg. Hrsg.: Eric Tielkes ISBN: 978-3-9801686-7-0 Online-Version: http://www.tropentag.de Satz: LATEX 2ε Verlag: © DITSL GmbH, Witzenhausen, Germany / http://www.ditsl.org German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics Druck: Print & Mail (PRIMA), Allendeplatz 1, 20146 Hamburg Oktober 2009 - 1. Auflage Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung der Hrsg. ist es nicht gestattet, das Buch oder Teile daraus auf fotomechanischem Weg (Fotokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen. The authors of the articles are solely responsible for the content of their contribution. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owners. Preface The TROPENTAG 2009 has moved to a new location, the city of Hamburg in the very North of Germany, thereby expanding the geographical range and the number of central European universities annually hosting the TROPENTAG in an alternating sequence. This expansion underlines the success of the earlier TROPENTAG congresses, which have been hosted by Göttingen, Berlin, Hohenheim, Bonn, and Witzenhausen. Therefore, the TROPENTAG 2009 follows the successful concept of the preceding congresses by offering an interesting arena of exchange for a wide range of par- ticipants, interested in development-oriented research in the fields of food security, natural resource management and rural development in tropical countries, in an insti- tutional support environment including traditionally BMZ, GTZ/BEAF, ATSAF, the Eiselen-Stiftung, the DAAD and the DFG. The range of participants includes students, junior and senior scientists, development practitioners, funding institutions, and media. The number of registered participants once again expanded with presently 973 registered participants from 76 countries, 133 oral presentations and 378 posters. Besides the continuation of the traditional main topics, each TROPENTAG also should have a specific theme. Hamburg is a city with one of the longest histories as a trade city, starting in medieval times and based strongly on trade of spices and many agri- cultural products from tropical countries, brought by overseas vessels into the harbour and subsequently distributed to the hinterland and the Baltic sea via the Elbe river and a system of channels and land corridors. These trade relations early led to first re- search activities focused on tropical agriculture. In fact, an early anatomical institute created to evaluate the value of spices and other products for the merchants later be- came the cradle for the University of Hamburg. Still today, the harbour of Hamburg is strongly linking the city with tropical countries and agricultural topics. It is based on this background, that recently a Museum for Economically Used Plants (Museum für Nutzpflanzen) has been established in the Loki-Schmidt-Haus at the Botanical Garden of the University of Hamburg, at Klein 3 Flottbek. Similarly, Hamburg also early became aware of the socio-economic frame conditions in the tropical countries. Important institutes dealing with Africa, Asia, Latin America, a UNESCO institute, the UN Tribunal for the Law of the Seas are just a few institutions at Hamburg dealing with socio-economic aspects of resource utilization in tropical countries. Furthermore, Hamburg is a hot spot of research of climate change and land use change. Therefore, we found it adequate to choose the general theme “Biophysical and Socio- economic frame conditions for the sustainable management of natural resources”, in order to focus not on tropical agriculture and forestry only, but to also and strongly look at the rapidly changing environmental and socio-economic frame conditions which are impacting on tropical agriculture and forest management, and which prob- ably will have even more impact, in not too distant future. The expected demographic growth from now over 6 bn to ca. 9 bn humans on Earth during the next 4 decades will drastically increase the exploitation of natural resources for agricultural purposes. Furthermore, the use of land for food production will com- pete with a variety of other increasing needs, amongst these the growth of megacities, of transport infrastructures, the production of energy plants, etc.. Due to this development, we also expect that in the future land use can serve as a tool to buffer or mitigate effects of climate change or other environmental change. In any case, land management will need to be improved and optimised in order to keep the dwindling ecosystem services upright which are the basis for agricultural production and human welfare. The implementation of such new intensity of management will also be a major challenge for socio-economic disciplines, with regard to governance and institutions. We hope that the accentuation of these topics will generate a very interesting congress. In this short preface we also would like to include our sincere thanks to all the many helpers and supporters who made the congress possible. Especially the experience of the ATSAF team and the logistic skills of the colleagues at Witzenhausen, Christian Hülsebusch and Eric Tielkes, were of immense value. Our very special thanks with regard to planning the congress at Hamburg go to Bar- bara Rudolph, who during many months pushed the planning processes and kept the communication upright, to Semra Ünsal, who with great energy negotiated for the challenging logistics and the financial feasibility, to Annegret Saphir, who com- municated with almost each single participant and convinced many companies and institutions to contribute a wealth of funding and sponsoring and to Mariam Akhtar- Schuster, who added many inspiring ideas to the design of the scientific program, to 4 Rolf Bergmann, who set up the IT support at Hamburg and to Carsten Schmechel, for the financial management. And there are the many helping hands, who make such a big meeting logistically pos- sible, by doing all the many practical steps which cannot all be described: Daniela Abele, Allmuth Andres, Sabine Baumann, Wibke Berg, Detlef Böhm, Michael Brose, Martina Brumm-Scholz, Monika Bunge, Karen Dehn, Jürgen Dengler, Birgitte Door- mann, Niels Dreber, Georg Gössler, Elisa Grätschus, Dariusz Gryschka, Daniela Haarmeyer, Ulrike Hermes, Desiree Huthmacher, Andrea Jounais, Amely Klein, Sylvia Kröger, Andrea Krohn, Jutta Krüger, Sabine Kruse, Silke Kuchenbecker, Pina Lam- mers, Claudia Mählmann, Heidrun Meyer, Monika Meyer, Sibylle Mixdorf, Jan Möller, Volker Nölting, Julia Nowack, Jens Oldeland, Imke Oncken, Simone Pampel, Monika Petersen, Dietmar Pierschel, Ursula Reinitz, Florian Rink, Azazi Rqibate, Inga Röwer, Marko Saggau, Isolde Scheffner, Judith Scheja, Carsten Schmechel, Sabrina Schmidt, Renate Schneider, Bent Schubert, Bernd Spitz, Caroline Stolter, Dagmar Swenson, Ole Theisinger, Caroline Thiem, Reiner Unseld, Esther Verjans, Anne-Marie Vogt, Renate Wegener, Dirk Wesuls, Jochen Wollschläger, Arnhild Woltmann, Sören Ziehe. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of you. We wish all participants a most interesting and rewarding conference and a pleasant stay in Hamburg. Hamburg, September 2009 Jörg Ganzhorn Michael Köhl Reinhard Lieberei Norbert Jürgens 5 6 Contents I Desertification, sustainable management and global ob- servatories 9 1) Socioeconomics of desertification 11 2) Monitoring and assessment of desertification 19 II Climate change, carbon, soil and water 37 1) Socioeconomic aspects of resource management 39 2) Land, soil and water resources under a changing climate 55 III Diversity and conservation 77 1) Conservation of biodiversity 79 2) Management and use of biodiversity 101 IV Crop science and land use 107 1) Mixed cropping systems / polycultures 109 2) Management of plant pests and diseases 115 3) Land use and water 133 4) New crops - new potentials 153 5) Biotic / abiotic pressure 161 6) Physiological aspects of crops and shrubs 177 7) Water use efficiency in cropping systems 183 8) Quantitative aspects of crop production 201 9) Organic and mineral fertilisers in cropping 211 V Animal sciences 217 1) Sustainable livestock management 219 2) Livestock husbandry systems 237 3) Socioeconomy of livestock husbandry 251 4) Aquaculture 257 5) Monogastric livestock 271 6) Pasture and pastoral systems 285 VI Forest management and perennial crops 299 1) Forest management 301 7 3) Non-timber
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