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Succession of Major Insect Pests of French Bean (Phaselous Vulgaris Linn.) in Relation to Crop Stage MAHESH*1, JEMLA NAIK, D.2, DHARMANNA, K.1 and A.H

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Succession of Major Insect Pests of French Bean (Phaselous Vulgaris Linn.) in Relation to Crop Stage MAHESH*1, JEMLA NAIK, D.2, DHARMANNA, K.1 and A.H Advances1906 in Life Sciences 5(5), Print : ISSN 2278-3849,Advances 1906-1909, in Life Sciences 2016 5(5), 2016 Succession of Major Insect Pests of French Bean (Phaselous vulgaris Linn.) in Relation to Crop Stage MAHESH*1, JEMLA NAIK, D.2, DHARMANNA, K.1 AND A.H. JAYAPPA2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, Raichur-584 104 2Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065 *email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In order to evolve economically feasible, ecologically sound and socially acceptable pest The present investigation was carried out during Kharif and Rabi 2014-15 at College of Agriculture, management strategies, sequence of appearance of Vishveswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, Karnataka. The insect pest during the crop period is of great study revealed that the succession of major insect importance in a particular set of climatic conditions pests population of different insect pest species (Jayanthi et al. 1993). Since no much information appeared on the crop from seedling stage till pod available on insect pest on the French bean, studies maturation (15-70 days after sowing) and the were under taken to ascertain the succession of maximum number of insect pests infested the crop insect pest on this crop. during vegetative and flowering stage and the crop was continuously attacked by one or more pests. MATERIAL AND METHODS Major pests found infesting the crop were Bean leaf The study was carried out under field webworm (Omiodes indicata), Spotted pod borer conditions, to know the pest scenario of French (Maruca vitrata), Stem fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli), Flea beans during both Kharif and Rabi season (2014- beetle (Monolepta signata), Aphids (Aphis 15). A popular and susceptible French bean variety craccivora), Bean Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera), Arka Suvidha(bush type) (IIHR 909) was sown in Leaf hopper (Empoasca kerri), Brown pod bug plot size of 10 X 15 m (150 m2) with spacing of 45 (Riptortus sp.), Green bug (Nezara viridula), Leaf X 15 cm, between rows and plants respectively. miner (Liriomyza trifoli) and Hairy Caterpillar This plot was subdivided into three subplots (10 X (Spilarctia obliqua). 5m each) to record the observations. The crop was raised as per the recommended package of Key words Pest Succession, Insect pest, French practices (Anon, 2013) except the plant protection bean, Phaselous vulgaris measures. Observations on insect pest population per plant were recorded from seedling stage till French bean is one of the most important maturity stage of the crop from twenty randomly leguminous vegetable crop. It is cultivated for the selected and tagged plants at weekly intervals. The tender vegetable, shelled green beans and dry beans time of appearance of the pests were observed and (rajmah). It is very rich in protein, vitamins and recorded. Adult insects were collected and minerals. French bean is a short duration crop and preserved for identification. The immature stages farmers get more profit in a short period. Both of different insect species occurring on the crop common dry bean and French beans have been was collected and reared in the laboratory till adult found to have potential for higher earnings and food emergence to confirm the species identity security in the country. But, in the last few years the production of grain legumes has declined due RESULTS AND DISCUSSION to the incidences of insect pests and diseases (Rao et al., 2000; Schroth et al., 2000). Insect pest The succession of the major insect pests of damage is the main factor limiting yield of grain French bean during Kharif 2014 is presented in legumes. Large number of insect pests attacks all Figure 1. The crop was first attacked by stem fly stages, from seedling to harvest and beyond (Singh (Ophiomyia phaseoli), flea beetle (Monolepta and Van Emden, 1979). signata), leaf hopper (Empoasca kerri) and leaf MAHESH et al., Succession of Major Insect Pests of French Bean (Phaselous vulgaris Linn.) 1907 September October December Days after sowing 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 77 Insect pests Growth stages Seedli Vegetative Flowering Pod formation ng Bean leaf webworm, Omiodes indicata Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Stem fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli Flea beetle, Monolepta signata Aphids, Aphis craccivora Bean Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Leaf hopper Empoasca kerri Brown pod bug, Riptortus sp. Green bug, Nezara virudula Leaf miner, Liriomyza trifoli Fig. 1. Succession of major insect pests of French bean in relation to crop stage during, Kharif 2014 miner (Liriomyza trifoli) at the seedling stage and sucking pest aphid (Aphis craccivora) and the their infestation continued up to pod development important defoliator bean leaf webworm (Omiodes stage. Later in the next week during vegetative stage indicata)appeared during vegetative stage and found bean leaf webworm (Omiodes indicata) was found infecting till end of the crop. The other important infesting the crop and continued till end of the crop. defoliator hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua) found The pod borers such as spotted pod borer (Maruca damaging in isolated patches, feeding gregariously vitrata) and bean pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) on the leaves causing skeletonization during attacked the crop from flowering stage and flowering stage and continued up to pod continued till end of the crop. The bugs include development stage. The pod borers such as spotted brown pod bug (Riptortus sp.) and green bug pod borer (Maruca vitrata) and bean pod borer (Nezara viridula) are also important which suck (Helicoverpa armigera) attacked the crop during sap from the tender parts of the stem, leaves and flowering stage and infected till end of the crop developing pods and were noticed from pod (Figure 2). development stage and continued till end of the The succession of major insect pests showed crop. that the population of different insect pest species The pest succession is almost similar during appeared on the crop from seedling stage till pod Rabi as that of Kharif season. The crop is first maturation (15-70 days after sowing) and the attacked by flea beetle (Monolepta signata) and maximum number of insect pests infested the crop leaf hopper (Empoasca kerri) and they damaged during vegetative and flowering stage and the crop the crop till end of the crop. Whereas, leaf miner was continuously attacked by one or more pests. (Liriomyza trifoli) attacked the crop at seedling Almost similar trend was observed during both the stage and continued till flowering stage. Later in Kharif and Rabi (Figure 1 and 2). The observation the vegetative stage, stem fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli) is in conformity with the findings of Pal and infected the crop till pod development stage. The Ghimiray (2010). Whereas, Biswas (2013) reported 1908 Advances in Life Sciences 5(5), 2016 January February March Days after sowing Insect pests 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 77 Growth stages Seedling Vegetative Flowering Pod formation Bean leaf webworm, Omiodes indicata Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Stem fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli Flea beetle, Monolepta signata Aphids, Aphis craccivora Bean Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Leaf hopper, Empoasca kerri Brown pod bug, Riptortus sp. Green bug, Nezara virudula Leaf miner, Liriomyza trifoli Hairy Caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Fig. 2. Succession of major insect pests of French bean in relation to crop stage during, Rabi 2014-15 the maximum insect pest infestation occurred during Delhi condition. Indian J. Ent. 55(1): 30-33. flowering and pod formation stages of the crop in Pal, S. and Ghimiray, T. S., 2010, Occurrence of insect pests soybean. on French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Darjeeling hills. J. Plant Prot. Sci., 2 (2): 80-84. LITERATURE CITED Rao, M. R., Singh, M. P. and Day, R., 2000, Insect pest Anonymous, 2013, Package of practice for horticultural problems in tropical agroforestry systems: contributory crops, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, factors and strategies for management. Agrofor. syst., Karnataka. pp. 579. 50: 243-277. Biswas, G. C., 2013, Insect pests of soybean (Glycine max Schroth, G., Ulrike Krauss, Gasparotto Luadir, Duarte L.) their nature of damage and succession with the crop Aguilar, J. A. and Katrin Vohland, 2000, Pests and stages. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci.,39 (1): 1-8. diseases in agroforestry systems of the humid tropics. Agrofor. syst., 50 (3): 199-241. Jayanthi, M., K. M. Singh and R. N. Singh., 1993, Pest complex of high yielding groundnut variety MH4 under Singh, S. R. and Van Emden, H. F., 1979, Insect pests of grain legumes. Ann. Rev Entomol., 24: 255-278. Received on 26-02-2016 Accepted on 29-02-2016.
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