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TRENTON" PRODUCTION in ILLINOIS by George V

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TRENTON s IP Press Bulletin Series Kor the Oil and Gas Industry STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA No. 39 ILLINOIS PETROLEUM September 13, 1941 "TRENTON" PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS By George V. Cohee "Trenton" Producing Areas has produced both oil and gas since 1886. The total area of crude oil production is Soon after the discovery of oil in the 127,000 acres and that of natural gas Devonian limestone in some of the new 650,000 acres. Crude oil production in this pools in Illinois during 1940, interest was area from the "Trenton" to the end of centered on the possibilities of the "Tren- 1939 was 107,000,000 barrels, a recovery ton" limestone. This formation has pro- of 840 barrels per acre. Natural gas pro- duced oil for a number of years in the duction to the end of 1939 was 800 billion Westfield pool, Clark County, in south- cubic feet. 3 The producing zone was large- eastern Illinois, and in the Dupo and ly restricted to the upper 50 feet of the Waterloo pools, St. Clair and Monroe "Trenton" limestone. A. F. Melcher held counties, in southwestern Illinois. The that the "Trenton" in this area had suf- "Trenton" was successfully tested in the ficient primary porosity to permit move- Centralia pool in two wells during 1940. ment of fluids. He did not believe that Early in 1941 development of this forma- the cavities were sufficiently intercon- tion in the Salem pool was started. As of nected to permit the movement of fluids April 22, twenty-one "Trenton" wells for any great distances. 4 have been completed in this pool. These wells were deepened from the Devonian limestone. The "Trenton" limestone has Stratigraphic Position been tested in a number of small pools in Trenton limestone was first defined by the State and found to be unproductive L. Vanuxem in 1838 as the light gray or fig. 1). Production from this formation sparry limestone which forms the upper in Illinois so far has been limited to struc- mass of Trenton Falls, Oneida County, tures that have considerable closure. New York. It is underlain by dark or The principle "Trenton" producing black, almost compact limestone and area east of Mississippi River is the Lima- overlain by the black Ltica shale. The Indiana field which has produced oil and thickness of Trenton as first described was gas in considerable quantities from rocks from 10 to 125 feet. In 1842 Vanuxem de- of Ordovician age. Other than in Illinois fined Trenton limestone as to 300 feet small amounts of gas have been produced thick, practically repeated his 1838 de- from the "Trenton" in the Cumberland scription of its lithology, and called the saddle, southern Kentucky, and in Os- wego and Oneida counties, New York. 1 1 L?y, Henry A., Lima-Indiana District, Indiana and Ohio, in The Geology of Natural Gas: Am. Assdc. Petroleum The Lima-Indiana district extends Geologists, p. 852. 1935. through an area of about 12,000 square 2 Idem. 3 Esarey, R. E. and Fix. G. F., Oil and gas developments miles, only a small part of which produced in Indiana during 1939: Trans. A.I.M.E. vol. 136, p. 282, 2 1940. oil and gas. In Indiana the "Trenton" 1 Ley, Henry A., op. cit. [1] TRENTON" PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS LEGEND 10 OIL AND GAS FIELDS ABANDONED FIELDS # "TRENTON" LIMESTONE PRODUCTION T "TRENTON" LIMESTONE TESTED SP ST. PETER SANDSTONE TESTED POOL AND COUNTY 1. WESTFIELD ; CLARK 2. MARTINSVILLE \ CLARK 3. SALEM ; MARION 4. CENTRALIA ; CLINTON, MARION 5. DUPO; ST. CLAIR 6. WATERLOO; MONROE 7. HERSCHER*; KANKAKEE * NOT COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION APRIL 15, 1941 Fig. 1. —Oil and gas fields in Illinois. Areas of "Trenton" production are shown in black, and fields in which "Trenton" or St. Peter strata were tested are indicated. Wildcat tests to "Trenton" or St. Peter are not shown. ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00005 0892 EARLY PRODUCTION i 2 4 5 6 WATERLOO DUPO CENTRALlA SALEM WESTFIELD MARTINSVILLE POOL POOL POOL POOL POOL POOL CLINTON, MONROE ST CLAIR MARION MARION CLARK CLARK DEPTH COUNTY DEPTH COUNTY DEPTH COUNTIES DEPTH COUNTY DEPTH COUNTY DEPTH COUNTY 260 l^~-1 45Fp?F^] 3807 tr _—J 4280 |~ —^1 2015 I^F H 2412 trZr-5 KIMMSWICK LEGEND I PRODUCING ZONE • UPPERMOST LIMIT OF OIL SHOWS AND SATURATION [=D SHALE ^3 SHALE, SILTY r^l SILTSTONE P^ LIMESTONE E3 LIMESTONE, DOLOMITIC E53 DOLOMITE f£pl DOLOMITE, CHERTY APRIL 15,194 Fig. 2. —Columnar sections of upper Ordovician strata in pools producing from the "Trenton" limestone in Illinois. underlying formation Black River lime- Early Production stone in which he included the Lowville of The first "Trenton" production in present nomenclature. This is the present Illinois, although non-commercial, was in commonly accepted definition, although sec. 32, T. 30 N., R. 10 E., Kankakee for many years most writers used Trenton County, at the south edge of Herscher, limestone to include not only the Trenton Illinois (fig. 1, no. 7). A number of wells proper but also all of the underlying Black were drilled to the "Trenton" in this area River group, whereas some writers used in 1900. Of these, nine were pumped for Trenton group, also Trenton formation eight months and then abandoned. The and Trenton limestone, to include the largest well produced less than one barrel Trenton proper, all of the Black River daily, some gas was produced with the group, and in some cases Chazy limestone oil. 7 The "Trenton" was reached at a also. 5 depth of 140 feet. Available subsurface The name "Trenton" as used in Illinois data are not enough to determine the de- includes all of the strata below the Ma- tailed structural conditions in this area, quoketa shale to the top of the Glenwood- although contours based on elevations of St. Peter sandstone. Production to date the top of bedrock suggest an anticlinal has been found only in the Kimmswick nose extending in a southwesterly direc- limestone, the upper member of the Mo- tion from the Kankakee arch. Several hawkian series that also includes the Plat- areas in northwestern Indiana along the tin formation. The Mohawkian series is Kankakee arch produced small amounts correlated with Trenton and Black River of oil from the "Trenton." 8 strata of the New York section. 6 7 Athey. L. F., Geology and mineral resources of the Herscher quadrangle: Illinois Gaol. Survey Bull. 55, pp. 5 Lexicon of Geologic N'ames of the United States: 109-110. 1928. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 896. pt. 2, p. 2179. 19J8. 8 Logan. W. N., Handbook of Indiana Geology, pt. 5, 6 Ekblaw. G. E., Personal communication. chap. 10, 1922. "TRENTON" PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS 100 Ul rr a. < £D50 25 I o I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 YEARS Fig. 3. — Daily production at end of yearly intervals for a "Trenton" well in the Westfield pool, Clark County. Westfield Pool The wells are usually pumped only once a week. One well has produced for 20 first commercial production from The years, the other for 22 years. The average the "Trenton" limestone in Illinois was life of the "Trenton" wells at Westfield in Westfield near the pool, Clark County, has been 11 years. The average produc- the north end of the southeastern Illinois tion per well per day throughout the life fields (fig. 1, no. 1). The first well, drilled of each well was approximately 4 barrels. in 1910, was a small producer. The initial The recovery of crude oil from the "Tren- production of the well was 65 barrels and ton" limestone at Westfield is approxi- for the hours the production second 24 mately 800 barrels per acre. was 20 barrels. The depth of the produc- Production is obtained from the Kimm- ing zone was from 2,395 to 2,445 feet. The swick formation in the Westfield pool at well, which was abandoned ten years various depths throughout a zone aver- later, produced an estimated total of aging 90 feet in thickness (fig. 2). The 10,000 barrels during that time. zone consists of coarse dolomitic lime- The Westfield pool is located on a dome stone, fossiliferous, with clear calcite crys- on the axis of the LaSalle anticline. The tals. The average depth to the top of the principal producing formation is the "Trenton" is 2250 feet and to the top of Westfield limestone, correlated as the St. the "pay" 2340 feet. The "pay" is usually Louis-Salem limestones. The St. Louis encountered from 90 to 100 feet below the limestone, which thins over the top of the top of the limestone. Where the formation dome, averages 60 feet in thickness on contained oil in commercial quantity the top. wells had little or no water. The rate of closure, which amounts The "Trenton" the production suggests low porosity and feet, conforms closely to to at least 160 permeability of the producing zone. The that of the overlying Mississippian strata. 9 initial production averaged about 100 is limited structurally to the Production barrels per well and declined an average the structure. upper 50 feet at the top of of 72 per cent the second 24 hours. Within wells in the pool have pro- Thirteen 2 or 3 months the daily average produc- estimated total of 171,000 bar- duced an tion per well was 10 or 12 barrels. One rels of oil from the "Trenton." Two wells well completed in the field with an initial still average daily are producing with an production of 125 barrels was producing 3 barrels.
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