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PNABP784.Pdf C../ TITLE: FISHERIES RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE KAVANGO AND CAPRIVI PROVINCES, NAMIBIA SUBMITTED TO: U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM for HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES WASHINGTON, D.C. 20523 SUBMITTED BY: CHARLES H. HOCUTT and PETER N. JOHNSON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE PRINCESS ANNE, MD. 21853 USAID GRANT NUMBER: DAN-5053-G-00-1048-00 DATE: 30 JULY 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS READING PAGE NUMBER LIST OF TABLES ........................ * ................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................ ............ vi LIST OF APrENDICES . ...................... ...... ...... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........... o......... ..........o .. ....... viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........oo ......... .. ............. 1 CHAPTER II. BIODIVERSITY OF THE KAVANGO RIVER............. 5 INTRODUCTION................ ............... 5 Historical aspects ...................... 7 Study area .......................o 11 METHODS AND MATERIALS ..................... 12 RESULTS .................. o...... *........... 16 Discussion of indigenous species ........ 16 Cichlidae ...................o........ 16 Cyprinidae ........................... 22 Characidae ........................... 25 Cyprinodontidaa ...................... 27 Siluriformes .... .. .................. 28 Mormyridae ........................ .. 31 Distichodontidae ...... o.............. 32 Anabantidae .......................... 33 Mastacembe]idae Hepsetidae.... .............................................. 34 33 CONCLUSIONS ............. ..... ....... .. 34 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... ...... 36 CHAPTER III. DESCRIPTION OF NEW EXOTIC FISHES FROM NAMIBIA. 38 INTRODUCTION.............. .............. .. 38 RESULTS ............ o........... ... ........ 39 DISCUSSION ..... o............................ 41 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... o..............*........ 44 CHAPTER IV. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY (IBI) FOR THE KAVANIGO RIVER......... 49 INTRODUCTION ............................... 49 Current aquatic resource concerns in southern Africa .................... 51 Biological monitoring .................. 55 i AND MATERIALS .................. e... 59 RZSULTSMETHODS .................. *........... o...... 61 Proposed metrics ................ o....... 61 Species richness and composition ..... 61 Trophic structure.................... 63 Abundance and condition .............. 65 Seasonal and spatial trends ............. 66 Species richness and composition ..... 66 Trophic structure ....... o............ 68 Abundance and condition .............. 70 DISCUSSION....................... .......... 71 RECOM14ENDATIONS ........................ - 75 CHAPTER V. DESCRIPTION Or THE KAVANGO RIVER FISHERY ...... 78 INTRODUCTION ........... .......... 78 ........ 80 LIFEIntroduction HISTORY AALYSES...... o....o.......o........................ 80 Methods and Materials................... 81 Biological sampling........... - .... 81 Growth parameter estimation.......... 82 ELEFAN application method ............ 84 Target species.. ......... ....... 85 Results............... ............ 86 Barbus poe hii .... ......... 86 Pseudocrenilabrus philander... ........ 87 Schilbe intermedius .......... ... 87 Tilapia rendalli ..................... 87 Tilapia svarrmanii ...... ... ....... 87 Discussion.......... o ... .......... .. 87 Barbus Roechii .. .... .... ........ 87 Pseudocrenilabrus philande.......... r 89 Schilbe intermedius .................. 90 Tilapia rendalli..................... 91 Tilapia sparrmanii.................. 92 NUTRITIONAL VALUES. ....... o.... .. ...... 92 Introduction. .. .- .................. 92 Methods and Materials .................. 93 Results .......... o......o........ .- 95 Discussion . ................. .... ... 96 SUMMARY AND RECORKENDATIONS............... 99 CHAPTER VI. BIODIVERSITY AND FISHERY OF THE CAPRIVI PROVINCE ...... o.... ...............o..... 103 INTRODUCTION..... ....................... 103 Fishery aspects . ................. 106 METHODS AND MATERIALS .......... ..........109 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..... .... ...........110 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............... 110 ii CHAPTER VII. AQUACULTURE ................................... 113 INTRODUCTION .............................. 113 RECOMMENDATIONS .................... *...... 118 CANDIDATE SPECIES ......................... 121 Bream ..................... 121 Barbel (catfish)....................... 123 CHAPTER VIII. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................ 125 CHAPTER IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................ 138 CHAPTER X. REFERENCES .............. ..... .o..... ... .... 140 iii LIST OF TABLES TABLE No. LEGEND 1 A list of fish collecting stations in the Kavango River, 1992. 2 Percent (%) occurrence and percent (%) of total catch for each species collected in the Kavango River, 1992. 3 Percent (%) of total catch of each family or group of fishes per Kavango River zone. 4 Numbers of fishes collected per Kavango River zone for each sampling period. 5 A key to the anabantid and characin fishes of Namibia. 6 The original Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) metrics proposed by Karr (1981). 7 The underlying assumptions of the IBI (Fausch et al. 1990). 8 Diet and habitat preferences of Kavango River fishes (ccmpiled from a number of sources). 9 List of proposed IBI metrics to characterize the Kavango River fish community. 10 Summary values for each proposed IBI metric on zonal scales. 11 Summary values for each proposed IBI metric on temporal scales. 12 Latin and local names of fish species which potentially occur in the Kavango and Caprivi Provinces, Namibia. 13 Traditional and contemporary gears used in the Kavango and Caprivi fisheries. 14 Length frequency data for Barbus poechii collected from the Kavango River, Namibia, 1992. 15 Length frequency data for Pseudocrenilabrus philander collected from the Kavango River, Namibia, 1992. iv 16 Estimated growth parameters (K) for four cichlid species from southern Africa. 17 Length frequency data for Schilbe intermedius collected from the Kavango River, Namibia, 1992. BVZ = van Zyl et al. data collected in June, 1992. 18 Length frequency data for Tilapia rendalli collected from the Kavango River, Namibia, 1992. BVZ = van Zyl et al. data collected in June, 1992. 19 Length frequency data for Tilapia sparrmanii collected from the Kavango River, Namibia, 1992. BVZ = van Zyl et al. data collected in June, 1992. 20 Gross energy (MJ/kg), percent crude protein (%) and percent ether extract of soluble fats (%) of select fish species, by family, from the Kavango River, March 1993. 21 List of stations collected for fish in the Eastern Caprivi Province, 1992. 22 Numbers of specimens of each species collected by station from the Eastern Caprivi Province, 1992. 23 List of fish species reported from the Zambezi River by van der Waal & Skelton (1984), but not from the Kwando/ Linyanti River. 24 Copy of van ZyJ.'s (1992) questionnaire for the Kavango Province concerning fish utilization and desire for fish farming. v LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. LEGEND 1 Drainage map of the Kavango River basin (from Skelton et al. 1985). 2 The Kalahari Desert biome in southern Africa (from Ross 1987). 3 Longitudinal gradient profile of the Kavango River basin (from Sandlund & Tvedten 1992). 4 The Kavango River area of study, with zonal divisions. 5 Schematic diagram of floodplain river (from Forrester et al. 1988). 6 Map depicting distribution of sampling locations in the Kavango River, 1992. 7 Seasonal trophic composition in relative abundance for principal invertivore and herbivore-detritivore feeding groups. 8 Length frequency plot for Barbus poechii. 9 Re-structured length distribution for Barbus poechii. 10 Length frequency plot for Pseudocrenilabrus philander. 11 Re-structured length distribution for Pseudocrenilabrus philander. 12 Length frequency plot for Schilbe intermedius showing gear size selectivity. 13 Length frequency plot for Tilapia rendalli showing gear size selectivity. 14 Length frequency plot for Tilapia sparrmunii showing gear size selectivity. 15 Map of Eastern Caprivi Province depicting approximate sampling localities. vi LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX LEGE11D A List of scientific and common names of the fishes of the Kavango and Caprivi Provinces (synthesized from a number of references). B List of gear used and numbers of fishes collected per site in the Kavango River, 1992. C An atlas of distributional maps for each fish species collected from the Kavango River, 1992. D Preliminary key to the freshwater fishes of Namibia. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. A 12-month field characterization study of the fisheries and fish biodiversity of the Kavango and Caprivi Provinces, Namibia was initiated in January 1992 by the University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) in cooperation with the University of Namibia (UNAM) and the Namibia Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (NMFMR) under the USAID-funded Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Research Grant Program (DAN-5053-G-00-1048-00). 2. The primary objective of the investigatio. was to categorize aspects of the fish resources of the Kavango and Caprivi Provinces. Sub-objectives were to (a) initiate a formal collaborative research effort under an institutional linkage agreement between the University of Maryland System (UMS) and UNAM; (b) assist in the capacity building of environmental science programs at UNAM and UMES; and (c) nurture the developing relationship between UNAM, UMES and NMFMR, to facilitate future
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