/The Times/Soga, Yasutaro Papers, 1928-1945 Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii Archival Collection 9 (AR 9) 0.2 linear feet ------

Abstract:

This collection primarily consists of correspondence to and from the Nippu Jiji (a Hawaii newspaper primarily published in the Japanese language) during and shortly after World War II (WWII). The collection of letters serve to document some of the restrictions the Nippu Jiji encountered during WWII, such as the US military’s decision to temporarily suspend publication of the newspaper following the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the requirement to have all Japanese print translated and published in English. The collection also documents the newspaper’s encouragement to its readers to support the American cause in the war (by purchasing U.S. War Bonds) and records some of the difficulties encountered when mailing newspaper subscriptions to mainland internees.

This collection also includes a few documents relating to Yasutaro Soga (the editor and owner of the Nippu Jiji) prior to his arrest on December 7, 1941, which demonstrate how he was a prominent leader in the Japanese/Japanese-American community in Hawaii. Yasutaro Soga later wrote a memoir on his experience of being arrested and imprisoned in several internment camps across the US during WWII.

Restrictions:

There are no access restrictions on the materials and the collection is open to all members of the public in accordance with state law. However, the researcher assumes full responsibility for conforming with the laws of libel, privacy and copyright which may be involved in the use of the collection.

Background information on the Nippu Jiji Newspaper:

The article below, “Nippu Jiji (newspaper),” was authored by Kelli Y. Nakamura of the University of Hawai'i (rev. March 19, 2013). It is reprinted with permission from the Densho Encyclopedia.

Nippu Jiji (newspaper)

From 1895 to 1985, the Nippu Jiji, later known as the Hawaii Times, was the oldest and largest Japanese-language newspaper in Hawai'i and the United States prior to World War II. Translated, Nippu Jiji means "newspaper for telling timely news." It was a critical source of local and international news and information in the Japanese American community and played a pivotal role in plantation history. In the early 1900s it advocated the improvement of the wages and working and living conditions of Japanese plantation workers and was critical Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 2

in the 1909 and 1920 sugar strikes. One of its most famous editors and owners, Yasutaro Soga, was active in labor issues and the language school controversy and was interned during World War II. He was joined by a number of Nippu Jiji employees who were also suspected as Japanese activists in Hawai'i. Despite wartime restrictions and the internment of staff members, the Nippu Jiji remained a critical source of information for Hawai'i's Japanese community throughout its history until its close in 1985

History of the Nippu Jiji

The Nippu Jiji, originally named the Yamato until ten years after its founding in 1895, was established during a period when large numbers of Japanese immigrants began to arrive in the Islands following the end of the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-1895. According to Yasutaro Soga, the Yamato which was then owned by Shintaro Anno, began as a six-page semi-weekly paper printed on a lithography machine "in a small, squalid shop, and had a circulation of only a few hundred."[1] Between 1895 and 1905, its ownership and location changed four times, revealing the challenges of running a newspaper in the early immigrant community. In 1905, Soga became proprietor and editor and described the difficulties of gathering news in the early years of the paper:

The gathering of news in the early days was a slow process. There was no radio, no wireless. Cable service between Hawaii and America was not launched until January, 1903. In July of that year it was extended to Manila. Wireless service between Hawaii and the mainland was inaugurated in 1914, and the service between America and Japan was opened in 1916. There was trans-Pacific steamship service between the United States and Japan through Hawaii, but it cannot be compared to the present service with crack liners and air Clippers plying to and fro in days, instead of weeks.[2]

As a result of the "slow and inadequate" means of procuring information, news that appeared in the columns of local papers was often several weeks or even a month or more old at times. Notwithstanding these challenges, the Nippu Jiji continued to grow in content and circulation. In 1896, the paper, then called the Yamato Shimbun and edited and owned by Hamon Mizuno, became a tri-weekly. Finally, six years later, it became a daily. "However," recalled Soga, "there were only about half a dozen employees then, and the circulation was about 350."[3] When it came under the direct management of Soga in May 1905, it was "a four page affair with a circulation of approximately 500. It was soon enlarged to eight pages." On November 3, 1906, on occasion of the birthday anniversary of Emperor Meiji, the Yamato Shinbun was renamed Nippu Jiji.

As early as 1903, the paper allocated one or two English columns but this was later discontinued until January 1919, when a separate English section was inaugurated. "The object of this innovation," wrote Soga, was "to enable Americans to understand what was happening in the Japanese community, to acquaint the children born of Japanese parents in Hawai'i with what was occurring in their own community, and to promote better understanding between the Japanese and the Americans."[4] During the 1930s, the Nippu Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 3

Jiji became a member of two leading American news agencies, namely the Associated Press, the International News Service, and the powerful Domei News Agency of Japan.

As a result of the Nippu Jiji's efforts to provide news from Japan to its readership, the paper became involved in various fundraisers for Japan. During the great earthquake in Tōkyō and Yokohama in September 1924, the Nippu Jiji took prompt action, appealing for contributions for relief funds and clothes for the thousands of homeless victims. It also handled voluntary contributions from Japanese residents in Hawai'i during the Sino-Japanese conflict and approximately 1,000,000 yen was remitted up to June 1938. More than half of this amount was handled by the Nippu Jiji and the . The Nippu Jiji also supported the Liberty Bond campaign during World War I and the campaign for the production and conservation of food to support American soldiers.

Nippu Jiji and Labor Movements

The remarkable activism and progress made by the Nippu Jiji reflected the growth of the Japanese community in Hawai'i as a whole. At its height, the Nippu Jiji was a bilingual daily with twelve or more pages, printed on a rotary press "with a daily circulation of 15,000 and giving steady employment to 200 persons."[5] The Nippu Jiji and other Japanese-language newspapers were essential to the early Japanese community in disseminating news and information to primarily plantation workers. Thus, these newspapers became active in labor and community movements, extensively publicizing the plight and experience of the common worker. According to historian Ernest Wakukawa, "had it not been for the initiative taken by the Japanese press" in calling attention to the unsanitary living and exploitative working conditions, "the status of semi-slavery of the laborers of the early days might have remained undisturbed even to this day."[6] In 1909 and 1920, the Nippu Jiji and other leading newspapers of the day became involved in strike movements by Japanese laborers on the plantations. While both strikes failed and newspaper editors like Soga and Fred Makino of Hawaii Hochi were arrested for their activism, planters granted some concessions to the workers such as higher wages and improved living conditions.

The Nippu Jiji and other newspapers were also active in the foreign language school controversy in Hawai'i as language schools were accused of indoctrinating Mikadoism to Japanese American children as part of Japan's plan to colonize the United States. Government efforts to restrict the Japanese language schools in the Islands were met with fierce resistance within the Japanese community and divided the Japanese press. According to Wakukawa, the controversy "split the press and the Japanese community into two camps—the Nippu Jiji and its associates taking sides with the non-litigating schools and the Hawaii Hochi and its allies in support of the litigating schools."[7] Eventually the language schools were allowed to continue operations but the activism of the local Japanese press in this issue cannot be understated.

World War II and the Wartime Press

With the start of World War II, all Japanese-languages newspapers were forced to close on December 12, 1941. Soga and many of the employees of the Nippu Jiji were subsequently Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 4

interned. A month after the papers were forced to close, the military government, having no way to communicate with Issei residents who could not read English, had to reverse its initial order to shut down these newspapers. On January 9, 1942, the government ordered the Nippu Jiji and the Hawaii Hochi to reopen and operate under its directives. After some resistance by editor Makino, the Hochi was finally renamed Hawaii Herald on October 23, 1942 and the Nippu Jiji became the Hawaii Times on November 2, 1942.

When the Japanese-language dailies resumed publication, the censorship office sent Bill Norwood and Kenneth Barr, a former Seattle Times newsman in the insurance business, to the Nippu Jiji and the Hawaii Hochi respectively. Neither knew Japanese but read the English versions of the articles, many of which were written by Hugh Lytle and other newsmen who sometimes used the pejorative word "Jap." The articles were translated into Japanese by staff members and then read by army or FBI language experts. The English version was usually printed a day ahead of the Japanese version. These two papers' assigned roles were not just to provide essential information, but to exhort the Japanese community to American patriotism. Thus, throughout the war, the Nippu Jiji promoted American values and loyalty, attesting that it felt a "deep responsibility" toward its constituency "to live and work on American soil that warrants their loyalty as much as though they had received citizenship." It assured the Territory that the trust given to the paper was "rightly placed."[8]

During the war, the influence of the Nippu Jiji and other newspapers like it was significant. Their combined circulation in 1942 topped 20,000. According to newspaper scholar Helen Geracimos Chapin, "they were very much in the tradition of the immigrant press in America in expressing pride in its roots yet simultaneously helping to Americanize its ethnic group."[9] Even under extreme wartime duress, the Japanese-language papers like the Nippu Jiji showed strong survival powers and became "unique symbols in American journalism."[10] The Nippu Jiji continued to be published for decades after the war, revealing its resilience and importance in Hawai'i's Japanese community.

When the Nippu Jiji closed in 1985, nearly 30,000 photographs from the newspaper were left behind in boxes. Dr. Dennis Ogawa, Professor of American Studies in the Department of American Studies at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa obtained the collection and he created the Hawaii Times Photo Archives Foundation. This entity oversees the development of a database that would allow people access to the Nippu Jiji images and their invaluable captions in Japanese and English.

Footnotes

1. Ernest Wakukawa, A History of the Japanese People in Hawaii (Honolulu, The Toyo Shoin, 1938), 327. 2. Yasutaro Soga, "The Japanese Press of Hawaii," Pan-Pacific 1:2 (April–June 1937): 14. 3. Soga, "The Japanese Press of Hawaii," 14. 4. Ibid. 5. Wakukawa, 329. 6. Ibid., 330. 7. Ibid., 331. Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 5

8. "Editorial: A Deep Responsibility," Nippu Jiji, January 8, 1942, 1, 2. 9. Helen Geracimos Chapin, Shaping History: the Role of Newspapers in Hawai'i (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996), 183. 10. Birch Storm, "Japanese Language Papers Here Unique," Honolulu Advertiser, 29 November 1959, B-8.

Biography of Yasutaro Soga:

The article below, “Yasutaro Soga,” was authored by Brian Niiya of Densho (rev. March 19, 2013). It is reprinted with permission from the Densho Encyclopedia.

Yasutaro Soga

Issei journalist and activist in Hawai'i. Arriving in the islands in 1896, he observed and/or participated in many of the key episodes of the history of post-annexation Hawai'i over a nearly sixty-year period, many of them as editor and publisher of the Nippu Jiji newspaper, which he founded. He was arrested on the evening of December 7, 1941, and, like many prewar leaders of the Issei community in Hawai'i, spent nearly four years behind the barbed wire of detention camps in Hawai'i and in the continental U.S. before returning to Hawai'i for the final decades of his life. He published a first person book length account of his incarceration in 1948, which was published in English translation in 2008.

Before the War

Yasutaro Soga (1873–1957) was born and raised in Tokyo and enjoyed a relatively privileged childhood that effectively ended with the death of his mother when he was fifteen and of his father when he was nineteen. As a young man, he studied both law and pharmacy, but did not finish either degree. He went on to study English, and moved to Yokohama where he worked in retailing and exporting.

In 1896, he was invited to go to Hawai'i by a close family friend to help with that family's business. Seeing it as an opportunity to pursue further education in America, he took the long journey. He worked at his friend's plantation store in Waianae for two years, then went on to manage branch stores in Waipahu and on Moloka'i. In 1899, he moved to Honolulu, beginning his career as a journalist with the Hawaii Shimpo. He became a recognized leader of the community in the aftermath of the 1900 Chinatown Fire, taking part in a joint Chinese- Japanese organization formed to fight for just compensation in the aftermath of the fire and later in efforts to form a Central Japanese Association throughout the islands.

Quitting the Shimpo after an ideological dispute over immigration company issues, Soga took over the rival Yamato Shimbun newspaper in 1905 and rechristened it the Nippu Jiji in November 1906. He became embroiled in what would become the great 1909 plantation strike when his paper took up the cause of higher wages for Japanese plantation workers. Serving as a leader of this first territory wide plantation strike, he eventually ended up imprisoned for conspiracy with three compatriots (one of whom was his future arch-rival, Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 6

Kinzaburo Makino) and exited prison to a hero's welcome within the Japanese community. While he was imprisoned, his wife, Kozue Sugino, took ill and returned to Japan for care, where she died shortly after his release.

Over the next three decades Soga, would lead the Nippu Jiji to become one of Hawai'i's leading newspapers, with a readership that began to reach beyond the Japanese community with the institution of an English section in 1919. Soga also become a recognized leader of the community, playing a role in nearly all of the key issues facing the community prior to World War II, including the Japanese language school regulation issue (he led a faction opposing the litigation challenging the constitutionality of laws regulating language schools), citizenship for Issei (he was a supporter of the Ozawa v. U.S. case), relations between Japan and the U.S., and the future of the generation as a board member of the New Americans Conferences. After remarrying (to Sei Tanizawa, the daughter of a lawyer and politician from Shiga Prefecture), he made several return trips to Japan; after his fourth trip in 1934 during which he visited Manchuria, he wrote the book Nichiman o Nozoku (A Glimpse into Japan and Manchuria). He also gained acclaim as a tanka poet, writing under the pen name Keiho. He and his wife were active members of the Makiki Christian Church, led by his friend and ally Takie Okumura.

Wartime Detention

As with many other Issei community leaders, he was arrested after the on December 7, 1941, and embarked on a four-year odyssey to various American concentration camps. The sixty-eight year old Soga was held for the first few nights at the Immigration Station building in Honolulu, then was moved to the Sand Island camp where he was held for several months. Going to the mainland in August of 1942, he spent about a month at Fort McDowell/Angel Island in San Francisco Bay before spending the rest of the war in U.S. Army or Justice Department administered camps in New Mexico, Lordsburg (September 1942 to June 1943) and Santa Fe (June 1943 to October 1945) before returning to Hawai'i in November 1945. He published a detailed memoir of his time in detention in a series of newspaper articles that became a book titled Tessaku Seikatsu (Life behind Barbed Wire) published in Hawai'i in 1948.

Aftermath

Upon his return to Hawai'i, he resumed writing editorials and columns for the Hawaii Times (the new name taken on by the Nippu Jiji during the war) and also resumed writing poetry. He became a naturalized citizen in 1952 after the passage of the Immigration Act of 1952, and in 1953, he published his autobiography, Gojunen no Hawaii Kaiko (Fifty Years of Hawaii Memories). He died on March 7, 1957, at the age of eighty-three.

Scope and Content:

Although this collection is small, it contains unique information that documents some of the restrictions placed on a predominantly Japanese language newspaper in Hawaii during WWII. The collection also documents some of the ways the newspaper encouraged its readers to support Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 7

the American cause in the war and records some of the difficulties encountered when mailing newspaper subscriptions to mainland internees.

The collection begins with documents that demonstrate Yasutaro Soga’s leadership in the Japanese and Japanese-American community in Hawaii prior to WWII. He was the owner and editor of the Nippu Jiji (one of Hawaii’s most popular predominantly-Japanese newspapers). This collection includes a list of guests at a dinner (to which Yasutaro Soga was invited) in honor of Vice Admiral Seizo Kobayashi, and a few various letters to Yasutaro Soga prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Although the documents do not mention this, Yasutaro Soga was arrested on December 7, 1941 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and sent to various internment camps for the next four years (during WWII). Meanwhile, his son, Shigeo Soga, became the acting owner and editor of the Nippu Jiji during his father’s absence.

The next set of letters in the collection document the Nippu Jiji’s compliance with U.S. military regulations, restrictions, and special requests. Shigeo Soga sent a letter to Kent Cooper of the Associated Press on January 21, 1942 to explain the need to cancel the newspaper’s Associated Press membership due to the military temporarily suspending publication of the Nippu Jiji shortly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor (December 12, 1941 – January 7, 1942). Soga also revealed that the Army authorities permitted the Nippu Jiji to continue publishing under one condition: all Japanese writing must be translated and published in English. On September 4, 1942, Shigeo Soga wrote a letter to the Office of the Military Governor asking for specific interpretation of General Order No. 134, which restricted foreign language print materials aboard commercial aircrafts. He was concerned that this would prevent outer-island Nippu Jiji subscribers from receiving their newspapers. This collection also includes a copy of an address by Byron Price, Director of Censorship, which explained the necessity of censorship during wartime. The address concluded that it was crucial to not give too much information to the public as the enemy could use the information to their advantage. After the war ended, Shigeo Soga received a letter from the Acting District Intelligence Officer expressing appreciation for Soga’s willingness to cooperate with U.S. Navy officials in providing maps, business directories and telephone directories of Japan.

This collection also documents how the the Nippu Jiji encouraged its readers (most of them Japanese or Japanese-American) to support America when the U.S. was at war with Japan and documents the start of its Americanization program. There are several letters from the U.S. Treasury Department (Hawaii Division) expressing appreciation to the Nippu Jiji (and Shigeo Soga) for the favorable comments on the Treasury Department’s programs published in its newspaper and for promoting the purchase of U.S. War Savings Bonds to its readers. One of the letters recognizes that the Hawaii public purchased a record-breaking $5 million worth of war bonds on Dec. 7, 1942, the first anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The collection also contains a letter from Shigeo Soga to the Editor & Publishing journal to announce the Nippu Jiji’s name change to the Hawaii Times effective November 1, 1942, to align the paper with their Americanization program in Hawaii.

The Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times was also instrumental in providing information and comfort to Japanese and Japanese-American internees imprisoned in mainland internment camps. Shigeo Soga sent a letter to Col. Kendall J. Fielder on January 15, 1943 thanking him for his Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 8 recommendation to the War Department to allow mainland internees to receive the Hawaii Times and the Hawaii Herald. The collection contains two notices from the War Department instructing the proper route to send mail to mainland internees and contains three lists of Hawaii Times newspaper subscribers at different mainland internment camps: 1) Lordsburg, New Mexico (this list includes Yasutaro Soga); 2) Seagoville, Texas; and 3) Camp Livingston, Louisiana. The collection also illustrates the difficulties in mailing newspapers to internees. Shigeo Soga sent two letters to the U.S. District Postal Censor expressing his concern that mainland internee subscribers were receiving their newspapers late (a few months after they had been mailed) or not at all.

The collection also contains post-WWII correspondence. The Hawaii War Records Depository Committee wrote a letter to Shigeo Soga acknowledging receipt of the Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times newspapers. The donated copies of newspapers from January 1, 1939 to May 31, 1944 were a significant contribution to The Hawaii War Records Depository Collection to document Hawaii’s WWII history.

Acquisition: Presented by David “Kawika” Sakai, 44-102 Ikeanani Dr. #412, Kaneohe, HI 96744-6412.

Processed: Claire Tsutsumi, Resource Center volunteer, in May 2013.

Archival Collection 9, Box 1:

Folder 1: List of guests at dinner in honor of Vice Admiral Seizo Kobayashi (includes Yasutaro Soga as an attendee); 8/24/1928. Folder 2: Letter from the Molokai Society of Civic and Community Interests to Yasutaro Soga; regarding interest in having Soga’s journal in their Reading Room; 8/27/1928. Folder 3: Letter from an Executive Secretary at Nuuanu Y.M.C.A. to Yasutaro Soga; regarding the disappointment the Executive Secretary felt after the Royal Highness Prince Takamatsu did not attend an August 24th and 25th Hibiscus show and the disappointment after the Acting Consul General Takeuchi did not respond to his letters; 9/25/1928. Folder 4: Letter from Richard “Dick” V. Haller to Shigeo Soga; informing Soga that he wrote only one editorial (for the Nippu Jiji) dealing with patriotism as he wanted the paper to seem regular and not a “flag waving affair”; 1/7/1942.. Folder 5: Letters from the Hawaii Division of the Defense Savings Staff of the Treasury Department to the editor of the Nippu Jiji (Yasutaro/Shigeo Soga); Defense Savings Staff is expressing appreciation for the Nippu Jiji’s favorable comments on Treasury Department’s programs and promoting the Hawaii public to purchase WAR savings bonds and stamps; 1/19/1942, 2/4/1942, 4/24/1942, 5/6/1942, 7/31/1942, 8/20/1942, 12/14/1942, 10/7/1943. Folder 6: Correspondence between Shigeo Soga (acting general manager of the Nippu Jiji) and Kent Cooper and Lloyd Stratton of the Associated Press; regarding the Nippu Jiji’s need and acceptance to resign membership from the Associated Press, which came into effect on April 16, 1942; 1/21/1942, 2/20/1942, 4/22/1942. Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 9

Folder 7: Letter from Shigeo Soga (editor of Nippu Jiji) to Lt. Col. James F. Harley (the Office of the Military Governor); regarding asking for clarification of Section V, Paragraph 5b of General Order No. 134, which restricts non-English printed material aboard commercial aircrafts without military intelligence approval; 9/4/1942. Folder 8: Letter from Lt. Col. Harold R. Shaw of the District Postal Censor in Honolulu to Yasutaro Soga (editor of the Nippu Jiji) and a copy of an address that Byron Price, Director of Censorship, gave at the annual meeting of the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association; explaining the need for censorship; 10/20/1942. Folder 9: Letter from Shigeo Soga to the editor of Editor & Publisher journal; regarding the Nippu Jiji’s name change to the Hawaii Times; 10/27/1942. Folder 10: Letter from H. W. Porte of Mergenthaler Linotype Company to the Hawaii Times; congratulating the Hawaii Times on its name change; 11/23/1942. Folder 11: Letter from Shigeo Soga (president and editor of the Hawaii Times, Ltd.) to Arthur T. Robb, editor of Editor & Publisher, expressing appreciation for including an editorial on the name change for the Hawaii Times in the Nov. 7, 1942 issue of Editor & Publisher; 12/7/1942. Folder 12: Notice to Commanding Generals of all Service Commands for the Attention of the Commanding Officers of all Internment Camps from the War Department; regarding routing of incoming domestic internee mail via District Postal Censor; 1/14/1943. Folder 13: Letter from Shigeo Soga to Col. Kendall J. Fielder; Shigeo is thanking Col. Kendall J. Fielder for his recommendation to the War Dept. to allow Mainland internees to receive the Hawaii Times and the Hawaii Herald; 1/15/1943. List of internee subscribers for the Hawaii Times at three different Mainland camps: 1) Lordsburg, New Mexico (this list includes Yasutaro Soga) 2) Seagouville, Texas 3) Camp Livingston, Louisiana Folder 14: Letter from Shigeo Soga to Lt. Col. Harold K. Shaw (of the U.S. District Postal Censor); regarding being informed by Col. Fielder that the War Department has approved his recommendations to permit mainland internees to receive the Hawaii Times and the Hawaii Herald newspapers; 1/15/1943. Folder 15: Letters from Shigeo Soga to Lt. C. J. Cavanaugh (of the U.S. District Postal Censor); regarding the Hawaii Times being examined by military authority (Mr. William Norwood) before being mailed to internee subscribers and concern that internee subscribers were not actually receiving their newspaper; 3/6/1943, 5/6/1943. Also enclosed is a copy of the instructions received by families of local internees at mainland camps to route mail via New York for censorship; 1/23/1943. Folder 16: Letter from Gustaf W. Olson, the Vice-Consul of Sweden, to the Hawaii Herald; shared copies of two letters hoping that they may be worth mentioning in the Hawaii Herald; 9/3/1943. Copy of letter from SGD Lloyd H. Jensen (officer in charge at Detention Station at Santa Fe, New Mexico) to Mr. Gustaf W. Olson; SGD Lloyd H. Jensen wanted Nippu Jiji/Hawaii Times/Yasutaro Soga 10

to share a letter that written by Ogden Nishizaki (a Japanese-American man serving in the U.S. Army) after his father (Mr. Nizo Nishizaki) passed away (in an internment camp) on July 24, 1943 due to bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis; 8/14/1943. Copy of letter from SGD Ogden Nishizaki (of U.S. Army Camp Shelby, Mississippi) to Mr. Jensen; SGD Ogden Nishizaki expresses his gratitude for the kindness and sympathy extended to him by Mr. Jensen and the Japanese in the internment camp after his father passed away; 8/7/1943. Folder 17: Correspondence between Shizue Miyagusuku and the Hawaii Times; Shizue was conducting a study of “War Time Problems of a Free Press” and wanted to ask the Hawaii Times a few questions; Shigeo Soga of the Hawaii Times responded that he could not answer her questions due to censorship restrictions; 1/30/1944, 2/14/1944. Folder 18: Letter from Ralph S. Kuykendall, chairman of Hawaii War Records Committee, to Shigeo Soga; acknowledges receipt of the Nippu Jiji and the Hawaii Times newspapers from January 1, 1939 to May 31, 1944 for the Hawaii War Record Depository collection; 6/13/1944. Folder 19: Letter from Edward Mackay of the U.S. Government Office of War Information to Honolulu Paper Co. with a copy sent to the Hawaii Times; Edward is asking Honolulu Paper Co. to increase the Hawaii Times paper supply as the Office of War Information had been using their paper stock and would like to use more; 11/1/1944. Folder 20: Letter from Gustaf W. Olsen (Vice-Consul of Sweden) to the Hawaii Times; thanking Shigeo Soga for offering to send copies of the Hawaii Times to Prisoner of War compounds; 11/27/1944. Also enclosed are two envelopes and a duplicate copy of letter. Folder 21: Letter from H. S. Burr (Acting District Intelligence Officer) to Shigeo Soga; H.S. Burr is returning books (maps, business directories, telephone directories) regarding Japan to Shigeo and still retained 2 volumes of Poketto Shokuin Roku and appreciated Shigeo’s cooperation in making these publications available to the U.S. Navy; 9/6/1945. Folder 22: Paper entitled “Some Facts Regarding the Manchoukuo Situation” written by Charles Bishop Kinney (Head Office of South Manchuria Railway Co. in Dairen, Manchuria); unclear on relationship to collection; 3/10/1937.