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1 Inanna Research Script
INANNA RESEARCH SCRIPT (to be cut and shaped for performance) By Peggy Firestone Based on Translations of Clay Tablets from Sumer By Samuel Noah Kramer 1 [email protected] (773) 384-5802 © 2008 CAST OF CHARACTERS In order of appearance Narrators ………………………………… Storytellers & Timekeepers Inanna …………………………………… Queen of Heaven and Earth, Goddess, Immortal Enki ……………………………………… Creator & Organizer of Earth’s Living Things, Manager of the Gods & Goddesses, Trickster God, Inanna’s Grandfather An ………………………………………. The Sky God Ki ………………………………………. The Earth Goddess (also known as Ninhursag) Enlil …………………………………….. The Air God, inventor of all things useful in the Universe Nanna-Sin ………………………………. The Moon God, Immortal, Father of Inanna Ningal …………………………………... The Moon Goddess, Immortal, Mother of Inanna Lilith ……………………………………. Demon of Desolation, Protector of Freedom Anzu Bird ………………………………. An Unholy (Holy) Trinity … Demon bird, Protector of Cattle Snake that has no Grace ………………. Tyrant Protector Snake Gilgamesh ……………………………….. Hero, Mortal, Inanna’s first cousin, Demi-God of Uruk Isimud ………………………………….. Enki’s Janus-faced messenger Ninshubur ……………………………… Inanna’s lieutenant, Goddess of the Rising Sun, Queen of the East Lahamma Enkums ………………………………… Monster Guardians of Enki’s Shrine House Giants of Eridu Utu ……………………………………… Sun God, Inanna’s Brother Dumuzi …………………………………. Shepherd King of Uruk, Inanna’s husband, Enki’s son by Situr, the Sheep Goddess Neti ……………………………………… Gatekeeper to the Nether World Ereshkigal ……………………………. Queen of the -
Humbaba Research Packet.Pdf
HUMBABA Research Packet Compiled by Cassi Schiano and Christine Scarfuto CONTENTS: History of the Epic of Gilgamesh Summary of the Epic (and the Twelve Tablets) Character Info on Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and Humbaba Brief Historical Info: Babylon Ancient Rome The Samurai Colonial England War in Afghanistan 1 History of The Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is epic poetry from Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literature. The story revolves around a relationship between Gilgamesh (probably a real ruler in the late Early Dynastic II period ca. 27th century BC) and his close male companion, Enkidu. Enkidu is a wild man created by the gods as Gilgamesh's equal to distract him from oppressing the citizens of Uruk. Together they undertake dangerous quests that incur the displeasure of the gods. Firstly, they journey to the Cedar Mountain to defeat Humbaba, its monstrous guardian. Later they kill the Bull of Heaven that the goddess Ishtar has sent to punish Gilgamesh for spurning her advances. The latter part of the epic focuses on Gilgamesh's distressed reaction to Enkidu's death, which takes the form of a quest for immortality. Gilgamesh attempts to learn the secret of eternal life by undertaking a long and perilous journey to meet the immortal flood hero, Utnapishtim. Ultimately the poignant words addressed to Gilgamesh in the midst of his quest foreshadow the end result: "The life that you are seeking you will never find. When the gods created man they allotted to him death, but life they retained in their own keeping." Gilgamesh, however, was celebrated by posterity for his building achievements, and for bringing back long-lost cultic knowledge to Uruk as a result of his meeting with Utnapishtim. -
Mesopotamian Culture
MESOPOTAMIAN CULTURE WORK DONE BY MANUEL D. N. 1ºA MESOPOTAMIAN GODS The Sumerians practiced a polytheistic religion , with anthropomorphic monotheistic and some gods representing forces or presences in the world , as he would later Greek civilization. In their beliefs state that the gods originally created humans so that they serve them servants , but when they were released too , because they thought they could become dominated by their large number . Many stories in Sumerian religion appear homologous to stories in other religions of the Middle East. For example , the biblical account of the creation of man , the culture of The Elamites , and the narrative of the flood and Noah's ark closely resembles the Assyrian stories. The Sumerian gods have distinctly similar representations in Akkadian , Canaanite religions and other cultures . Some of the stories and deities have their Greek parallels , such as the descent of Inanna to the underworld ( Irkalla ) resembles the story of Persephone. COSMOGONY Cosmogony Cosmology sumeria. The universe first appeared when Nammu , formless abyss was opened itself and in an act of self- procreation gave birth to An ( Anu ) ( sky god ) and Ki ( goddess of the Earth ), commonly referred to as Ninhursag . Binding of Anu (An) and Ki produced Enlil , Mr. Wind , who eventually became the leader of the gods. Then Enlil was banished from Dilmun (the home of the gods) because of the violation of Ninlil , of which he had a son , Sin ( moon god ) , also known as Nanna . No Ningal and gave birth to Inanna ( goddess of love and war ) and Utu or Shamash ( the sun god ) . -
Desire, Discord, and Death : Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Myth / by Neal Walls
DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH ASOR Books Volume 8 Victor Matthews, editor Billie Jean Collins ASOR Director of Publications DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH by Neal Walls American Schools of Oriental Research • Boston, MA DESIRE, DISCORD AND DEATH APPROACHES TO ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN MYTH Copyright © 2001 American Schools of Oriental Research Cover art: Cylinder seal from Susa inscribed with the name of worshiper of Nergal. Photo courtesy of the Louvre Museum. Cover design by Monica McLeod. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walls, Neal H., 1962- Desire, discord, and death : approaches to ancient Near Eastern myth / by Neal Walls. p. cm. -- (ASOR books ; v. 8) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-89757-056-1 -- ISBN 0-89757-055-3 (pbk.) 1. Mythology--Middle East. 2. Middle East--Literatures--History and crticism. 3. Death in literature. 4. Desire in literature. I. Title. II. Series. BL1060 .W34 2001 291.1'3'09394--dc21 2001003236 Contents ABBREVIATIONS vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii INTRODUCTION Hidden Riches in Secret Places 1 METHODS AND APPROACHES 3 CHAPTER ONE The Allure of Gilgamesh: The Construction of Desire in the Gilgamesh Epic INTRODUCTION 9 The Construction of Desire: Queering Gilgamesh 11 THE EROTIC GILGAMESH 17 The Prostitute and the Primal Man: Inciting Desire 18 The Gaze of Ishtar: Denying Desire 34 Heroic Love: Requiting Desire 50 The Death of Desire 68 CONCLUSION 76 CHAPTER TWO On the Couch with Horus and Seth: A Freudian -
The Mesopotamian Netherworld Through the Archaeology of Grave Goods and Textual Sources in the Early Dynastic III Period to the Old Babylonian Period
UO[INOIGMUKJ[ 0LATE The Mesopotamian Netherworld through the Archaeology of Grave Goods and Textual Sources in the Early Dynastic III Period to the Old Babylonian Period A B N $EEP3HAFTOF"URIALIN&OREGROUNDWITH-UDBRICK"LOCKINGOF%NTRANCETO#HAMBERFOR"URIAL 3KELETON ANDO "URIAL 3KELETONNikki Zwitser Promoter: Prof. Dr. Katrien De Graef Co-promoter: Prof. Dr. Joachim Bretschneider Academic Year 2016-1017 Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Master of Arts: Archaeology. Preface To the dark house, dwelling of Erkalla’s god, to the dark house which those who enter cannot leave, on the road where travelling is one-way only, to the house where those enter are deprived of light, where dust is their food, clay their bread. They see no light, they dwell in darkness. Many scholars who rely on literary texts depict the Mesopotamian netherworld as a bleak and dismal place. This dark portrayal does, indeed, find much support in the Mesopotamian literature. Indeed many texts describe the afterlife as exceptionally depressing. However, the archaeological study of grave goods may suggest that there were other ways of thinking about the netherworld. Furthermore, some scholars have neglected the archaeological data, while others have limited the possibilities of archaeological data by solely looking at royal burials. Mesopotamian beliefs concerning mortuary practices and the afterlife can be studied more thoroughly by including archaeological data regarding non-royal burials and textual sources. A comparison of the copious amount of archaeological and textual evidence should give us a further insight in the Mesopotamian beliefs of death and the netherworld. Therefore, for this study grave goods from non-royal burials, literature and administrative texts will be examined and compared to gain a better understanding of Mesopotamian ideas regarding death and the netherworld. -
Interpretation of Inanna's Descent Myth “From the Great Above Inanna
Interpretation of Inanna’s Descent Myth “From the Great Above Inanna opened her ear to the Great Below.” In Sumerian, the word for ear and wisdom are the same. For example, Enki, the God of Wisdom, is said to have his ear “wide open” -- an unfiltered receptivity! This implies that Inanna's primary reason for “going to hell” was to seek wisdom and understanding. But in order to make such a spiritual journey, she first had to give up her earthly powers and possessions. They don’t allow a lot of luggage on the road to hell. Preparing for the Descent into the Underworld In the myth, she abandoned heaven and earth to descend to the underworld, her office of holy priestess, her temples in the seven principal cities where she was worshipped. She gave up her earthly powers and possessions -- an essential willingness required of any soul undertaking such a journey, of any soul following such a path of initiation. Inanna also recognized the need to protect herself. She gathered together seven of The Me, attributes of civilization which she transformed into such feminine allure as crown, jewelry, and a royal robe. These were intended serve as her protections. They included her crown, earrings of small lapis beads, a double strand of beads about her neck, her breastplate called “Come, man, come”, her golden hip girdle, the lapis measuring rod and line, and her royal breechcloth. Each of these adornments were worn at the level of each Kundalini chakra! Finally, she instructed her faithful servant, Ninshubur, what to do in case she did not return -- to lament her loss, beat the drum for her, and go to the cities -- to the temples where Enlil (her father’s father), Nanna (her father) and Enki (her mother’s father) were, and ask for their help. -
Sumerian Mythology
Sumerian Mythology FAQ (Version 2.0html) by Christopher Siren, 1992, 1994, 2000 [email protected] This FAQ used to be posted on the third of every month to alt.mythology. An older text copy of this FAQ is available via anonymous ftp pending *.answers approval at: rtfm.mit.edu at /pub/usenet/news.answers/mythology/sumer-faq last changes: July 27, 2000: complete revision including incorporating Kramer's Sumerian Mythology and Black & Green's God's Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. Added more citations of sources. July 19, 1999: modified first sentance to include hints of civilization prior to and outside of Sumer September 20, 1998: fleshed out the Gilgamesh entry July 3, 1998: added a couple of Lilith links to Renee Rosen's and Alan Humm's sites. August 13, 1997: added much more historical introductory material. March 20, 1996: cleaned up some misleading references to Kur. March 1, 1996: added the reference to Adapa's dictionary. Feb 3, 1996: fixed a formatting problem in the sources area and added the full title "Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Underworld" to the Biblical ref's section. Nov 13, 1995: fixed a couple of problems with some internal links. Nov 2, 1995: added some short notes about the primary deities, Ninhursag, and the Dilmun/Eden parallel to clarify some issues. October 6th, 1995: added a link to the "dictionary" and brief reviews of the sources and other relevant books. September 1995: moved page to pubpages server March 25th 1995: header of Usenet version reformatted for *.answers; changed URL to home address; small changes to Inanna & Dumuzi Adapa (Dan Sullivan) has constructed a more complete Sumerian-English dictionary at: http://home.earthlink.net/~duranki/index1.html#dict (Restored! 5/13/99) John Halloran has a Sumerian Language Page at: http://www.sumerian.org/ I have constructed a rudimentary Sumerian-English, English Sumerian glossary using Kramer's The Sumerians and Jacobsen's Treasures of Darkness, although parties interested in the Sumerian language may be better served at the prior two pages. -
Xcom Enemy Unknown Minimum Requirements
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Xcomlike Phoenix Point Coming to PC on December 3
XCOM-like Phoenix Point Coming To PC On December 3 XCOM-like Phoenix Point Coming To PC On December 3 1 / 5 2 / 5 Find all the latest Phoenix Point PC news, reviews, videos, mods and more on GameWatcher.com. ... 3 days ago | 53 comments | By Bogdan Robert Mateș. Epic Games Store Exclusives ... Phoenix Point delayed to December ... The cancelled concept even sounds a bit like the modern XCOM 2 release.. Phoenix Point is an XCOM-like game from Julian Gollop, the creator of ... 20 Dec 2019 1 ... It got a surprise release on Xbox Game Pass for PC. Aside from spin-offs, the last mainline Halo game PC gamers could enjoy was ... Just like XCOM games, Phoenix Point will also be a science fiction themed ... Among the upcoming video games (December 2019) is the third .... DELIVERY. + When will Phoenix Point be available? We will release on December 3rd, 2019 on PC and Mac, with planned launches for Xbox One in Q1 2020 .... In reality though, it looks like $251,000 are from backers and ... Phoenix Point, is unique, it comes from the makers of original XCOM, has very ... Phoenix Point will be releasing on the 3rd December :O. Only a few days left.. Phoenix Point seemed like a love letter to old-school X-COM when it was first announced all the ... Release Date: December 3rd, 2019 ... At the outset of said campaign, they promised Steam keys for all backers of the project.. Noisy Pixel reviews Phoenix Point from developer and publisher Snapshot ... Release Date: December 3, 2019. Reviewed On: PC .. -
Mythology, Gloversville High School
MMyytthhoollooggyy An Introductory Study of World Stories Fifth Edition Before the beginning, who was there to tell the tale? When all was still formless, no up or down, how was the world investigated? When dark and light were a blur, who could fathom it? When the only image was a churning, how was it perceived? The Heaven Questions A 2400 year old Chinese poem Compiled by M. Oppenneer for use by students of World Mythology, Gloversville High School Mythology: Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4 Letter to Students, Parents, etc. ...............................................................................4 Classroom Guidelines ..............................................................................................4 About This Text .......................................................................................................5 Expectations For Journal Entries ...........................................................................5 Reflection, Articulation & Argument ......................................................................6 René Descartes .........................................................................................................7 Ways of Interpreting Myth ...................................................................................... 7 Why Study Mythology? ..........................................................................................11 Permission Form for 13th Warrior ........................................................................12 -
Mythological Scenes from Ancient Mesopotamia on Elamit Cylinder Seals
Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology June 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 129-145 ISSN: 2334-2420 (Print), 2334-2439 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development Mythological Scenes from Ancient Mesopotamia on Elamit Cylinder Seals Nooraddin Mehdi Ghaempanah1, Reza Mehr Afarin2 and Malake Heydari3 Abstract Elamite civilizationis the most ancientcivilizationthat was formedinside thepresent bordersof Iran. It had dominatedlarge partsof theWesternand South-Western Iran, sincethe late fourth millenniumtill the mid-first millennium B.C. Like other ancientcivilizations, Elamite civilization had been established based onreligion andits people's beliefs. In the ancient, base of religion was formed by myths,so identification of Elamitemythscan playan important roleto understand the culture and religion ofthesepeople. Till now, any written document of Elamite myths has been obtained, but according tothe similarities between Elamand Mesopotamian culture, by comparing the my thological sceneson Elamite seals with Mesopotamianseals and myths, in this article it has been tries to present some Mesopotamian myths, those which are also common in Elam. These myths include: "Rising of Shamash", "Etana; the first king", "Zu and tablets of destiny" and "Gilgamesh". Keywords: Elamite Civilization, Elam,Myth, Mesopotamia, Mythological Figures, Seal Introduction The favorable natural conditions in the Near East during the late-millennium caused the first civilizations of the ancient world namely Sumer and Elam to be formed in this region and traverse the evolution path alongside each other. 1 M.A. in Archaeology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Tel: +989364274160 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Associate Professor, University of Mazandaran, Iran, Babolsar, University of Mazandaran, Art & Architecture Faculty, Archaeology Department. -
Chiasm in Sumero-Akkadian
Chiasm in Sumero-Akkadian Robert F. Smith The following remarks do no more than present a preliminary survey of evidence for short as well as extended inversions from a sampling of late Sumerian and Akkadian literary texts. Archaic and Old Sumerian literature are left unexamined (early 3rd millenium B. C.)1, while much of what is presented here reects the Neo-Sumerian (Ur III) and Sargonide Akkadian periods – though in versions prepared or copies made when Sumerian had become no more than a literary-scribal tool of Assyro-Babylonian culture. Having invented cuneiform script, the world’s oldest method of writing, and having developed a rich literary tradition, the Sumerians and their culture passed entirely from the scene – leaving mainly an oral and written legacy for the remaining two millenia B. C.2 The Simple Chiasm Simple direct parallelism is a well-known feature of Sumero-Akkadian literature,3 though, as elsewhere, the formulae used differ somewhat between poetry and prose.4 Syntactic limitations make short, grammatical inversions rare in Sumerian; yet they do occur. The simplest Sumerian chiasms involve nominal bimembral exchanges, as in the following bicolon from the prologue to ,,Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld”5 (abc:bac’): 8 After heaven from earth had been moved, 9 After earth from heaven had been separated, There are more elements, but less variation in the bicolon from the close of Sumerian “Enlil and Ninlil: The Begetting of Nanna,”6 abcd:cbad, Lord of heaven, lord of abundance, and lord of earth you are, Lord of earth, lord of abundance, and lord of heaven you are.